001    /*
002     * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
003     * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
004     * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
005     * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
006     * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
007     * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
008     *
009     *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
010     *
011     * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
012     * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
013     * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
014     * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
015     * limitations under the License.
016     */
017    package org.apache.commons.math.util;
018    
019    import java.io.Serializable;
020    import java.util.Arrays;
021    
022    import org.apache.commons.math.exception.MathIllegalArgumentException;
023    import org.apache.commons.math.exception.MathIllegalStateException;
024    import org.apache.commons.math.exception.NullArgumentException;
025    import org.apache.commons.math.exception.util.LocalizedFormats;
026    
027    /**
028     * <p>
029     * A variable length {@link DoubleArray} implementation that automatically
030     * handles expanding and contracting its internal storage array as elements
031     * are added and removed.
032     * </p>
033     * <p>
034     *  The internal storage array starts with capacity determined by the
035     * <code>initialCapacity</code> property, which can be set by the constructor.
036     * The default initial capacity is 16.  Adding elements using
037     * {@link #addElement(double)} appends elements to the end of the array.  When
038     * there are no open entries at the end of the internal storage array, the
039     * array is expanded.  The size of the expanded array depends on the
040     * <code>expansionMode</code> and <code>expansionFactor</code> properties.
041     * The <code>expansionMode</code> determines whether the size of the array is
042     * multiplied by the <code>expansionFactor</code> (MULTIPLICATIVE_MODE) or if
043     * the expansion is additive (ADDITIVE_MODE -- <code>expansionFactor</code>
044     * storage locations added).  The default <code>expansionMode</code> is
045     * MULTIPLICATIVE_MODE and the default <code>expansionFactor</code>
046     * is 2.0.
047     * </p>
048     * <p>
049     * The {@link #addElementRolling(double)} method adds a new element to the end
050     * of the internal storage array and adjusts the "usable window" of the
051     * internal array forward by one position (effectively making what was the
052     * second element the first, and so on).  Repeated activations of this method
053     * (or activation of {@link #discardFrontElements(int)}) will effectively orphan
054     * the storage locations at the beginning of the internal storage array.  To
055     * reclaim this storage, each time one of these methods is activated, the size
056     * of the internal storage array is compared to the number of addressable
057     * elements (the <code>numElements</code> property) and if the difference
058     * is too large, the internal array is contracted to size
059     * <code>numElements + 1.</code>  The determination of when the internal
060     * storage array is "too large" depends on the <code>expansionMode</code> and
061     * <code>contractionFactor</code> properties.  If  the <code>expansionMode</code>
062     * is <code>MULTIPLICATIVE_MODE</code>, contraction is triggered when the
063     * ratio between storage array length and <code>numElements</code> exceeds
064     * <code>contractionFactor.</code>  If the <code>expansionMode</code>
065     * is <code>ADDITIVE_MODE,</code> the number of excess storage locations
066     * is compared to <code>contractionFactor.</code>
067     * </p>
068     * <p>
069     * To avoid cycles of expansions and contractions, the
070     * <code>expansionFactor</code> must not exceed the
071     * <code>contractionFactor.</code> Constructors and mutators for both of these
072     * properties enforce this requirement, throwing IllegalArgumentException if it
073     * is violated.
074     * </p>
075     * @version $Id: ResizableDoubleArray.java 1178211 2011-10-02 18:10:03Z psteitz $
076     */
077    public class ResizableDoubleArray implements DoubleArray, Serializable {
078    
079        /** additive expansion mode */
080        public static final int ADDITIVE_MODE = 1;
081    
082        /** multiplicative expansion mode */
083        public static final int MULTIPLICATIVE_MODE = 0;
084    
085        /** Serializable version identifier */
086        private static final long serialVersionUID = -3485529955529426875L;
087    
088        /**
089         * The contraction criteria determines when the internal array will be
090         * contracted to fit the number of elements contained in the element
091         *  array + 1.
092         */
093        protected float contractionCriteria = 2.5f;
094    
095        /**
096         * The expansion factor of the array.  When the array needs to be expanded,
097         * the new array size will be
098         * <code>internalArray.length * expansionFactor</code>
099         * if <code>expansionMode</code> is set to MULTIPLICATIVE_MODE, or
100         * <code>internalArray.length + expansionFactor</code> if
101         * <code>expansionMode</code> is set to ADDITIVE_MODE.
102         */
103        protected float expansionFactor = 2.0f;
104    
105        /**
106         * Determines whether array expansion by <code>expansionFactor</code>
107         * is additive or multiplicative.
108         */
109        protected int expansionMode = MULTIPLICATIVE_MODE;
110    
111        /**
112         * The initial capacity of the array.  Initial capacity is not exposed as a
113         * property as it is only meaningful when passed to a constructor.
114         */
115        protected int initialCapacity = 16;
116    
117        /**
118         * The internal storage array.
119         */
120        protected double[] internalArray;
121    
122        /**
123         * The number of addressable elements in the array.  Note that this
124         * has nothing to do with the length of the internal storage array.
125         */
126        protected int numElements = 0;
127    
128        /**
129         * The position of the first addressable element in the internal storage
130         * array.  The addressable elements in the array are <code>
131         * internalArray[startIndex],...,internalArray[startIndex + numElements -1]
132         * </code>
133         */
134        protected int startIndex = 0;
135    
136        /**
137         * Create a ResizableArray with default properties.
138         * <ul>
139         * <li><code>initialCapacity = 16</code></li>
140         * <li><code>expansionMode = MULTIPLICATIVE_MODE</code></li>
141         * <li><code>expansionFactor = 2.5</code></li>
142         * <li><code>contractionFactor = 2.0</code></li>
143         * </ul>
144         */
145        public ResizableDoubleArray() {
146            internalArray = new double[initialCapacity];
147        }
148    
149        /**
150         * Create a ResizableArray with the specified initial capacity.  Other
151         * properties take default values:
152          * <ul>
153         * <li><code>expansionMode = MULTIPLICATIVE_MODE</code></li>
154         * <li><code>expansionFactor = 2.5</code></li>
155         * <li><code>contractionFactor = 2.0</code></li>
156         * </ul>
157         * @param initialCapacity The initial size of the internal storage array
158         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if initialCapacity is not > 0
159         */
160        public ResizableDoubleArray(int initialCapacity) {
161            setInitialCapacity(initialCapacity);
162            internalArray = new double[this.initialCapacity];
163        }
164    
165        /**
166         * Create a ResizableArray from an existing double[] with the
167         * initial capacity and numElements corresponding to the size of
168         * the supplied double[] array. If the supplied array is null, a
169         * new empty array with the default initial capacity will be created.
170         * The input array is copied, not referenced.
171         * Other properties take default values:
172         * <ul>
173         * <li><code>initialCapacity = 16</code></li>
174         * <li><code>expansionMode = MULTIPLICATIVE_MODE</code></li>
175         * <li><code>expansionFactor = 2.5</code></li>
176         * <li><code>contractionFactor = 2.0</code></li>
177         * </ul>
178         *
179         * @param initialArray initial array
180         * @since 2.2
181         */
182        public ResizableDoubleArray(double[] initialArray) {
183            if (initialArray == null) {
184                this.internalArray = new double[initialCapacity];
185            } else {
186                this.internalArray = new double[initialArray.length];
187                System.arraycopy(initialArray, 0, this.internalArray, 0, initialArray.length);
188                initialCapacity = initialArray.length;
189                numElements = initialArray.length;
190            }
191        }
192    
193        /**
194         * <p>
195         * Create a ResizableArray with the specified initial capacity
196         * and expansion factor.  The remaining properties take default
197         * values:
198         * <ul>
199         * <li><code>expansionMode = MULTIPLICATIVE_MODE</code></li>
200         * <li><code>contractionFactor = 0.5 + expansionFactor</code></li>
201         * </ul></p>
202         * <p>
203         * Throws IllegalArgumentException if the following conditions are
204         * not met:
205         * <ul>
206         * <li><code>initialCapacity > 0</code></li>
207         * <li><code>expansionFactor > 1</code></li>
208         * </ul></p>
209         *
210         * @param initialCapacity The initial size of the internal storage array
211         * @param expansionFactor the array will be expanded based on this
212         *                        parameter
213         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if parameters are not valid
214         */
215        public ResizableDoubleArray(int initialCapacity, float expansionFactor) {
216            this.expansionFactor = expansionFactor;
217            setInitialCapacity(initialCapacity);
218            internalArray = new double[initialCapacity];
219            setContractionCriteria(expansionFactor +0.5f);
220        }
221    
222        /**
223         * <p>
224         * Create a ResizableArray with the specified initialCapacity,
225         * expansionFactor, and contractionCriteria. The <code>expansionMode</code>
226         * will default to <code>MULTIPLICATIVE_MODE.</code></p>
227         * <p>
228         * Throws IllegalArgumentException if the following conditions are
229         * not met:
230         * <ul>
231         * <li><code>initialCapacity > 0</code></li>
232         * <li><code>expansionFactor > 1</code></li>
233         * <li><code>contractionFactor >= expansionFactor</code></li>
234         * </ul></p>
235         * @param initialCapacity The initial size of the internal storage array
236         * @param expansionFactor the array will be expanded based on this
237         *                        parameter
238         * @param contractionCriteria The contraction Criteria.
239         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if parameters are not valid
240         */
241        public ResizableDoubleArray(int initialCapacity, float expansionFactor,
242            float contractionCriteria) {
243            this.expansionFactor = expansionFactor;
244            setContractionCriteria(contractionCriteria);
245            setInitialCapacity(initialCapacity);
246            internalArray = new double[initialCapacity];
247        }
248    
249        /**
250         * <p>
251         * Create a ResizableArray with the specified properties.</p>
252        * <p>
253         * Throws IllegalArgumentException if the following conditions are
254         * not met:
255         * <ul>
256         * <li><code>initialCapacity > 0</code></li>
257         * <li><code>expansionFactor > 1</code></li>
258         * <li><code>contractionFactor >= expansionFactor</code></li>
259         * <li><code>expansionMode in {MULTIPLICATIVE_MODE, ADDITIVE_MODE}</code>
260         * </li>
261         * </ul></p>
262         *
263         * @param initialCapacity the initial size of the internal storage array
264         * @param expansionFactor the array will be expanded based on this
265         *                        parameter
266         * @param contractionCriteria the contraction Criteria
267         * @param expansionMode  the expansion mode
268         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if parameters are not valid
269         */
270        public ResizableDoubleArray(int initialCapacity, float expansionFactor,
271                float contractionCriteria, int expansionMode) {
272            this.expansionFactor = expansionFactor;
273            setContractionCriteria(contractionCriteria);
274            setInitialCapacity(initialCapacity);
275            setExpansionMode(expansionMode);
276            internalArray = new double[initialCapacity];
277        }
278    
279        /**
280         * Copy constructor.  Creates a new ResizableDoubleArray that is a deep,
281         * fresh copy of the original. Needs to acquire synchronization lock
282         * on original.  Original may not be null; otherwise a {@link NullArgumentException}
283         * is thrown.
284         *
285         * @param original array to copy
286         * @exception NullArgumentException if original is null
287         * @since 2.0
288         */
289        public ResizableDoubleArray(ResizableDoubleArray original)
290            throws NullArgumentException {
291            MathUtils.checkNotNull(original);
292            copy(original, this);
293        }
294    
295        /**
296         * Adds an element to the end of this expandable array.
297         *
298         * @param value to be added to end of array
299         */
300        public synchronized void addElement(double value) {
301            numElements++;
302            if ((startIndex + numElements) > internalArray.length) {
303                expand();
304            }
305            internalArray[startIndex + (numElements - 1)] = value;
306            if (shouldContract()) {
307                contract();
308            }
309        }
310    
311        /**
312         * Adds several element to the end of this expandable array.
313         *
314         * @param values to be added to end of array
315         * @since 2.2
316         */
317        public synchronized void addElements(double[] values) {
318            final double[] tempArray = new double[numElements + values.length + 1];
319            System.arraycopy(internalArray, startIndex, tempArray, 0, numElements);
320            System.arraycopy(values, 0, tempArray, numElements, values.length);
321            internalArray = tempArray;
322            startIndex = 0;
323            numElements += values.length;
324        }
325    
326        /**
327         * <p>
328         * Adds an element to the end of the array and removes the first
329         * element in the array.  Returns the discarded first element.
330         * The effect is similar to a push operation in a FIFO queue.
331         * </p>
332         * <p>
333         * Example: If the array contains the elements 1, 2, 3, 4 (in that order)
334         * and addElementRolling(5) is invoked, the result is an array containing
335         * the entries 2, 3, 4, 5 and the value returned is 1.
336         * </p>
337         *
338         * @param value the value to be added to the array
339         * @return the value which has been discarded or "pushed" out of the array
340         *         by this rolling insert
341         */
342        public synchronized double addElementRolling(double value) {
343            double discarded = internalArray[startIndex];
344    
345            if ((startIndex + (numElements + 1)) > internalArray.length) {
346                expand();
347            }
348            // Increment the start index
349            startIndex += 1;
350    
351            // Add the new value
352            internalArray[startIndex + (numElements - 1)] = value;
353    
354            // Check the contraction criteria
355            if (shouldContract()) {
356                contract();
357            }
358            return discarded;
359        }
360    
361        /**
362         * Substitutes <code>value</code> for the most recently added value.
363         * Returns the value that has been replaced. If the array is empty (i.e.
364         * if {@link #numElements} is zero), an IllegalStateException is thrown.
365         *
366         * @param value new value to substitute for the most recently added value
367         * @return value that has been replaced in the array
368         * @throws IllegalStateException if the array is empty
369         * @since 2.0
370         */
371        public synchronized double substituteMostRecentElement(double value) {
372            if (numElements < 1) {
373                throw new MathIllegalStateException(
374                        LocalizedFormats.CANNOT_SUBSTITUTE_ELEMENT_FROM_EMPTY_ARRAY);
375            }
376    
377            double discarded = internalArray[startIndex + (numElements - 1)];
378    
379            internalArray[startIndex + (numElements - 1)] = value;
380    
381            return discarded;
382        }
383    
384    
385        /**
386         * Checks the expansion factor and the contraction criteria and throws an
387         * IllegalArgumentException if the contractionCriteria is less than the
388         * expansionCriteria
389         *
390         * @param expansion factor to be checked
391         * @param contraction criteria to be checked
392         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the contractionCriteria is less than
393         *         the expansionCriteria.
394         */
395        protected void checkContractExpand(float contraction, float expansion) {
396    
397            if (contraction < expansion) {
398                throw new MathIllegalArgumentException(
399                        LocalizedFormats.CONTRACTION_CRITERIA_SMALLER_THAN_EXPANSION_FACTOR,
400                        contraction, expansion);
401            }
402    
403            if (contraction <= 1.0) {
404                throw new MathIllegalArgumentException(
405                        LocalizedFormats.CONTRACTION_CRITERIA_SMALLER_THAN_ONE,
406                        contraction);
407            }
408    
409            if (expansion <= 1.0) {
410                throw new MathIllegalArgumentException(
411                        LocalizedFormats.EXPANSION_FACTOR_SMALLER_THAN_ONE,
412                        expansion);
413            }
414        }
415    
416        /**
417         * Clear the array, reset the size to the initialCapacity and the number
418         * of elements to zero.
419         */
420        public synchronized void clear() {
421            numElements = 0;
422            startIndex = 0;
423            internalArray = new double[initialCapacity];
424        }
425    
426        /**
427         * Contracts the storage array to the (size of the element set) + 1 - to
428         * avoid a zero length array. This function also resets the startIndex to
429         * zero.
430         */
431        public synchronized void contract() {
432            double[] tempArray = new double[numElements + 1];
433    
434            // Copy and swap - copy only the element array from the src array.
435            System.arraycopy(internalArray, startIndex, tempArray, 0, numElements);
436            internalArray = tempArray;
437    
438            // Reset the start index to zero
439            startIndex = 0;
440        }
441    
442        /**
443         * Discards the <code>i<code> initial elements of the array.  For example,
444         * if the array contains the elements 1,2,3,4, invoking
445         * <code>discardFrontElements(2)</code> will cause the first two elements
446         * to be discarded, leaving 3,4 in the array.  Throws illegalArgumentException
447         * if i exceeds numElements.
448         *
449         * @param i  the number of elements to discard from the front of the array
450         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if i is greater than numElements.
451         * @since 2.0
452         */
453        public synchronized void discardFrontElements(int i) {
454    
455            discardExtremeElements(i,true);
456    
457        }
458    
459        /**
460         * Discards the <code>i<code> last elements of the array.  For example,
461         * if the array contains the elements 1,2,3,4, invoking
462         * <code>discardMostRecentElements(2)</code> will cause the last two elements
463         * to be discarded, leaving 1,2 in the array.  Throws illegalArgumentException
464         * if i exceeds numElements.
465         *
466         * @param i  the number of elements to discard from the end of the array
467         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if i is greater than numElements.
468         * @since 2.0
469         */
470        public synchronized void discardMostRecentElements(int i) {
471    
472            discardExtremeElements(i,false);
473    
474        }
475    
476        /**
477         * Discards the <code>i<code> first or last elements of the array,
478         * depending on the value of <code>front</code>.
479         * For example, if the array contains the elements 1,2,3,4, invoking
480         * <code>discardExtremeElements(2,false)</code> will cause the last two elements
481         * to be discarded, leaving 1,2 in the array.
482         * For example, if the array contains the elements 1,2,3,4, invoking
483         * <code>discardExtremeElements(2,true)</code> will cause the first two elements
484         * to be discarded, leaving 3,4 in the array.
485         * Throws illegalArgumentException
486         * if i exceeds numElements.
487         *
488         * @param i  the number of elements to discard from the front/end of the array
489         * @param front true if elements are to be discarded from the front
490         * of the array, false if elements are to be discarded from the end
491         * of the array
492         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if i is greater than numElements.
493         * @since 2.0
494         */
495        private synchronized void discardExtremeElements(int i,boolean front) {
496            if (i > numElements) {
497                throw new MathIllegalArgumentException(
498                        LocalizedFormats.TOO_MANY_ELEMENTS_TO_DISCARD_FROM_ARRAY,
499                        i, numElements);
500           } else if (i < 0) {
501               throw new MathIllegalArgumentException(
502                       LocalizedFormats.CANNOT_DISCARD_NEGATIVE_NUMBER_OF_ELEMENTS,
503                       i);
504            } else {
505                // "Subtract" this number of discarded from numElements
506                numElements -= i;
507                if (front) {
508                    startIndex += i;
509                }
510            }
511            if (shouldContract()) {
512                contract();
513            }
514        }
515    
516        /**
517         * Expands the internal storage array using the expansion factor.
518         * <p>
519         * if <code>expansionMode</code> is set to MULTIPLICATIVE_MODE,
520         * the new array size will be <code>internalArray.length * expansionFactor.</code>
521         * If <code>expansionMode</code> is set to ADDITIVE_MODE,  the length
522         * after expansion will be <code>internalArray.length + expansionFactor</code>
523         * </p>
524         */
525        protected synchronized void expand() {
526    
527            // notice the use of FastMath.ceil(), this guarantees that we will always
528            // have an array of at least currentSize + 1.   Assume that the
529            // current initial capacity is 1 and the expansion factor
530            // is 1.000000000000000001.  The newly calculated size will be
531            // rounded up to 2 after the multiplication is performed.
532            int newSize = 0;
533            if (expansionMode == MULTIPLICATIVE_MODE) {
534                newSize = (int) FastMath.ceil(internalArray.length * expansionFactor);
535            } else {
536                newSize = internalArray.length + FastMath.round(expansionFactor);
537            }
538            double[] tempArray = new double[newSize];
539    
540            // Copy and swap
541            System.arraycopy(internalArray, 0, tempArray, 0, internalArray.length);
542            internalArray = tempArray;
543        }
544    
545        /**
546         * Expands the internal storage array to the specified size.
547         *
548         * @param size Size of the new internal storage array
549         */
550        private synchronized void expandTo(int size) {
551            double[] tempArray = new double[size];
552            // Copy and swap
553            System.arraycopy(internalArray, 0, tempArray, 0, internalArray.length);
554            internalArray = tempArray;
555        }
556    
557        /**
558         * The contraction criteria defines when the internal array will contract
559         * to store only the number of elements in the element array.
560         * If  the <code>expansionMode</code> is <code>MULTIPLICATIVE_MODE</code>,
561         * contraction is triggered when the ratio between storage array length
562         * and <code>numElements</code> exceeds <code>contractionFactor</code>.
563         * If the <code>expansionMode</code> is <code>ADDITIVE_MODE</code>, the
564         * number of excess storage locations is compared to
565         * <code>contractionFactor.</code>
566         *
567         * @return the contraction criteria used to reclaim memory.
568         */
569        public float getContractionCriteria() {
570            return contractionCriteria;
571        }
572    
573        /**
574         * Returns the element at the specified index
575         *
576         * @param index index to fetch a value from
577         * @return value stored at the specified index
578         * @throws ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException if <code>index</code> is less than
579         *         zero or is greater than <code>getNumElements() - 1</code>.
580         */
581        public synchronized double getElement(int index) {
582            if (index >= numElements) {
583                throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);
584            } else if (index >= 0) {
585                return internalArray[startIndex + index];
586            } else {
587                throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);
588            }
589        }
590    
591         /**
592         * Returns a double array containing the elements of this
593         * <code>ResizableArray</code>.  This method returns a copy, not a
594         * reference to the underlying array, so that changes made to the returned
595         *  array have no effect on this <code>ResizableArray.</code>
596         * @return the double array.
597         */
598        public synchronized double[] getElements() {
599            double[] elementArray = new double[numElements];
600            System.arraycopy( internalArray, startIndex, elementArray, 0,
601                    numElements);
602            return elementArray;
603        }
604    
605        /**
606         * The expansion factor controls the size of a new array when an array
607         * needs to be expanded.  The <code>expansionMode</code>
608         * determines whether the size of the array is multiplied by the
609         * <code>expansionFactor</code> (MULTIPLICATIVE_MODE) or if
610         * the expansion is additive (ADDITIVE_MODE -- <code>expansionFactor</code>
611         * storage locations added).  The default <code>expansionMode</code> is
612         * MULTIPLICATIVE_MODE and the default <code>expansionFactor</code>
613         * is 2.0.
614         *
615         * @return the expansion factor of this expandable double array
616         */
617        public float getExpansionFactor() {
618            return expansionFactor;
619        }
620    
621        /**
622         * The <code>expansionMode</code> determines whether the internal storage
623         * array grows additively (ADDITIVE_MODE) or multiplicatively
624         * (MULTIPLICATIVE_MODE) when it is expanded.
625         *
626         * @return Returns the expansionMode.
627         */
628        public int getExpansionMode() {
629            return expansionMode;
630        }
631    
632        /**
633         * Notice the package scope on this method.   This method is simply here
634         * for the JUnit test, it allows us check if the expansion is working
635         * properly after a number of expansions.  This is not meant to be a part
636         * of the public interface of this class.
637         *
638         * @return the length of the internal storage array.
639         */
640        synchronized int getInternalLength() {
641            return internalArray.length;
642        }
643    
644        /**
645         * Returns the number of elements currently in the array.  Please note
646         * that this is different from the length of the internal storage array.
647         *
648         * @return number of elements
649         */
650        public synchronized int getNumElements() {
651            return numElements;
652        }
653    
654        /**
655         * Returns the internal storage array.  Note that this method returns
656         * a reference to the internal storage array, not a copy, and to correctly
657         * address elements of the array, the <code>startIndex</code> is
658         * required (available via the {@link #start} method).  This method should
659         * only be used in cases where copying the internal array is not practical.
660         * The {@link #getElements} method should be used in all other cases.
661         *
662         *
663         * @return the internal storage array used by this object
664         * @since 2.0
665         */
666        public synchronized double[] getInternalValues() {
667            return internalArray;
668        }
669    
670        /**
671         * Sets the contraction criteria for this ExpandContractDoubleArray.
672         *
673         * @param contractionCriteria contraction criteria
674         */
675        public void setContractionCriteria(float contractionCriteria) {
676            checkContractExpand(contractionCriteria, getExpansionFactor());
677            synchronized(this) {
678                this.contractionCriteria = contractionCriteria;
679            }
680        }
681    
682    
683        /**
684         * Sets the element at the specified index.  If the specified index is greater than
685         * <code>getNumElements() - 1</code>, the <code>numElements</code> property
686         * is increased to <code>index +1</code> and additional storage is allocated
687         * (if necessary) for the new element and all  (uninitialized) elements
688         * between the new element and the previous end of the array).
689         *
690         * @param index index to store a value in
691         * @param value value to store at the specified index
692         * @throws ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException if <code>index</code> is less than
693         *         zero.
694         */
695        public synchronized void setElement(int index, double value) {
696            if (index < 0) {
697                throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);
698            }
699            if (index + 1 > numElements) {
700                numElements = index + 1;
701            }
702            if ((startIndex + index) >= internalArray.length) {
703                expandTo(startIndex + (index + 1));
704            }
705            internalArray[startIndex + index] = value;
706        }
707    
708        /**
709         * Sets the expansionFactor.  Throws IllegalArgumentException if the
710         * the following conditions are not met:
711         * <ul>
712         * <li><code>expansionFactor > 1</code></li>
713         * <li><code>contractionFactor >= expansionFactor</code></li>
714         * </ul>
715         * @param expansionFactor the new expansion factor value.
716         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if expansionFactor is <= 1 or greater
717         * than contractionFactor
718         */
719        public void setExpansionFactor(float expansionFactor) {
720            checkContractExpand(getContractionCriteria(), expansionFactor);
721            // The check above verifies that the expansion factor is > 1.0;
722            synchronized(this) {
723                this.expansionFactor = expansionFactor;
724            }
725        }
726    
727        /**
728         * Sets the <code>expansionMode</code>. The specified value must be one of
729         * ADDITIVE_MODE, MULTIPLICATIVE_MODE.
730         *
731         * @param expansionMode The expansionMode to set.
732         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the specified mode value is not valid
733         */
734        public void setExpansionMode(int expansionMode) {
735            if (expansionMode != MULTIPLICATIVE_MODE &&
736                    expansionMode != ADDITIVE_MODE) {
737                throw new MathIllegalArgumentException(
738                        LocalizedFormats.UNSUPPORTED_EXPANSION_MODE,
739                        expansionMode, MULTIPLICATIVE_MODE, "MULTIPLICATIVE_MODE",
740                        ADDITIVE_MODE, "ADDITIVE_MODE");
741            }
742            synchronized(this) {
743                this.expansionMode = expansionMode;
744            }
745        }
746    
747        /**
748         * Sets the initial capacity.  Should only be invoked by constructors.
749         *
750         * @param initialCapacity of the array
751         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if <code>initialCapacity</code> is not
752         *         positive.
753         */
754        protected void setInitialCapacity(int initialCapacity) {
755            if (initialCapacity > 0) {
756                synchronized(this) {
757                    this.initialCapacity = initialCapacity;
758                }
759            } else {
760                throw new MathIllegalArgumentException(
761                        LocalizedFormats.INITIAL_CAPACITY_NOT_POSITIVE,
762                        initialCapacity);
763            }
764        }
765    
766        /**
767         * This function allows you to control the number of elements contained
768         * in this array, and can be used to "throw out" the last n values in an
769         * array. This function will also expand the internal array as needed.
770         *
771         * @param i a new number of elements
772         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if <code>i</code> is negative.
773         */
774        public synchronized void setNumElements(int i) {
775    
776            // If index is negative thrown an error
777            if (i < 0) {
778                throw new MathIllegalArgumentException(
779                        LocalizedFormats.INDEX_NOT_POSITIVE,
780                        i);
781            }
782    
783            // Test the new num elements, check to see if the array needs to be
784            // expanded to accommodate this new number of elements
785            if ((startIndex + i) > internalArray.length) {
786                expandTo(startIndex + i);
787            }
788    
789            // Set the new number of elements to new value
790            numElements = i;
791        }
792    
793        /**
794         * Returns true if the internal storage array has too many unused
795         * storage positions.
796         *
797         * @return true if array satisfies the contraction criteria
798         */
799        private synchronized boolean shouldContract() {
800            if (expansionMode == MULTIPLICATIVE_MODE) {
801                return (internalArray.length / ((float) numElements)) > contractionCriteria;
802            } else {
803                return (internalArray.length - numElements) > contractionCriteria;
804            }
805        }
806    
807        /**
808         * Returns the starting index of the internal array.  The starting index is
809         * the position of the first addressable element in the internal storage
810         * array.  The addressable elements in the array are <code>
811         * internalArray[startIndex],...,internalArray[startIndex + numElements -1]
812         * </code>
813         *
814         * @return starting index
815         */
816        public synchronized int start() {
817            return startIndex;
818        }
819    
820        /**
821         * <p>Copies source to dest, copying the underlying data, so dest is
822         * a new, independent copy of source.  Does not contract before
823         * the copy.</p>
824         *
825         * <p>Obtains synchronization locks on both source and dest
826         * (in that order) before performing the copy.</p>
827         *
828         * <p>Neither source nor dest may be null; otherwise a {@link NullArgumentException}
829         * is thrown</p>
830         *
831         * @param source ResizableDoubleArray to copy
832         * @param dest ResizableArray to replace with a copy of the source array
833         * @exception NullArgumentException if either source or dest is null
834         * @since 2.0
835         *
836         */
837        public static void copy(ResizableDoubleArray source, ResizableDoubleArray dest)
838            throws NullArgumentException {
839            MathUtils.checkNotNull(source);
840            MathUtils.checkNotNull(dest);
841            synchronized(source) {
842               synchronized(dest) {
843                   dest.initialCapacity = source.initialCapacity;
844                   dest.contractionCriteria = source.contractionCriteria;
845                   dest.expansionFactor = source.expansionFactor;
846                   dest.expansionMode = source.expansionMode;
847                   dest.internalArray = new double[source.internalArray.length];
848                   System.arraycopy(source.internalArray, 0, dest.internalArray,
849                           0, dest.internalArray.length);
850                   dest.numElements = source.numElements;
851                   dest.startIndex = source.startIndex;
852               }
853           }
854        }
855    
856        /**
857         * Returns a copy of the ResizableDoubleArray.  Does not contract before
858         * the copy, so the returned object is an exact copy of this.
859         *
860         * @return a new ResizableDoubleArray with the same data and configuration
861         * properties as this
862         * @since 2.0
863         */
864        public synchronized ResizableDoubleArray copy() {
865            ResizableDoubleArray result = new ResizableDoubleArray();
866            copy(this, result);
867            return result;
868        }
869    
870        /**
871         * Returns true iff object is a ResizableDoubleArray with the same properties
872         * as this and an identical internal storage array.
873         *
874         * @param object object to be compared for equality with this
875         * @return true iff object is a ResizableDoubleArray with the same data and
876         * properties as this
877         * @since 2.0
878         */
879        @Override
880        public boolean equals(Object object) {
881            if (object == this ) {
882                return true;
883            }
884           if (object instanceof ResizableDoubleArray == false) {
885                return false;
886            }
887           synchronized(this) {
888               synchronized(object) {
889                   boolean result = true;
890                   ResizableDoubleArray other = (ResizableDoubleArray) object;
891                   result = result && (other.initialCapacity == initialCapacity);
892                   result = result && (other.contractionCriteria == contractionCriteria);
893                   result = result && (other.expansionFactor == expansionFactor);
894                   result = result && (other.expansionMode == expansionMode);
895                   result = result && (other.numElements == numElements);
896                   result = result && (other.startIndex == startIndex);
897                   if (!result) {
898                       return false;
899                   } else {
900                       return Arrays.equals(internalArray, other.internalArray);
901                   }
902               }
903           }
904        }
905    
906        /**
907         * Returns a hash code consistent with equals.
908         *
909         * @return hash code representing this ResizableDoubleArray
910         * @since 2.0
911         */
912        @Override
913        public synchronized int hashCode() {
914            int[] hashData = new int[7];
915            hashData[0] = new Float(expansionFactor).hashCode();
916            hashData[1] = new Float(contractionCriteria).hashCode();
917            hashData[2] = expansionMode;
918                hashData[3] = Arrays.hashCode(internalArray);
919                hashData[4] = initialCapacity;
920                hashData[5] = numElements;
921                hashData[6] = startIndex;
922            return Arrays.hashCode(hashData);
923        }
924    
925    }