001    /*
002     * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
003     * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
004     * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
005     * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
006     * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
007     * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
008     * 
009     *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
010     * 
011     * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
012     * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
013     * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
014     * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
015     * limitations under the License.
016     */
017    package org.apache.commons.lang3.math;
018    
019    import java.math.BigDecimal;
020    import java.math.BigInteger;
021    
022    import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
023    
024    /**
025     * <p>Provides extra functionality for Java Number classes.</p>
026     *
027     * @since 2.0
028     * @version $Id: NumberUtils.java 1199816 2011-11-09 16:11:34Z bayard $
029     */
030    public class NumberUtils {
031        
032        /** Reusable Long constant for zero. */
033        public static final Long LONG_ZERO = Long.valueOf(0L);
034        /** Reusable Long constant for one. */
035        public static final Long LONG_ONE = Long.valueOf(1L);
036        /** Reusable Long constant for minus one. */
037        public static final Long LONG_MINUS_ONE = Long.valueOf(-1L);
038        /** Reusable Integer constant for zero. */
039        public static final Integer INTEGER_ZERO = Integer.valueOf(0);
040        /** Reusable Integer constant for one. */
041        public static final Integer INTEGER_ONE = Integer.valueOf(1);
042        /** Reusable Integer constant for minus one. */
043        public static final Integer INTEGER_MINUS_ONE = Integer.valueOf(-1);
044        /** Reusable Short constant for zero. */
045        public static final Short SHORT_ZERO = Short.valueOf((short) 0);
046        /** Reusable Short constant for one. */
047        public static final Short SHORT_ONE = Short.valueOf((short) 1);
048        /** Reusable Short constant for minus one. */
049        public static final Short SHORT_MINUS_ONE = Short.valueOf((short) -1);
050        /** Reusable Byte constant for zero. */
051        public static final Byte BYTE_ZERO = Byte.valueOf((byte) 0);
052        /** Reusable Byte constant for one. */
053        public static final Byte BYTE_ONE = Byte.valueOf((byte) 1);
054        /** Reusable Byte constant for minus one. */
055        public static final Byte BYTE_MINUS_ONE = Byte.valueOf((byte) -1);
056        /** Reusable Double constant for zero. */
057        public static final Double DOUBLE_ZERO = Double.valueOf(0.0d);
058        /** Reusable Double constant for one. */
059        public static final Double DOUBLE_ONE = Double.valueOf(1.0d);
060        /** Reusable Double constant for minus one. */
061        public static final Double DOUBLE_MINUS_ONE = Double.valueOf(-1.0d);
062        /** Reusable Float constant for zero. */
063        public static final Float FLOAT_ZERO = Float.valueOf(0.0f);
064        /** Reusable Float constant for one. */
065        public static final Float FLOAT_ONE = Float.valueOf(1.0f);
066        /** Reusable Float constant for minus one. */
067        public static final Float FLOAT_MINUS_ONE = Float.valueOf(-1.0f);
068    
069        /**
070         * <p><code>NumberUtils</code> instances should NOT be constructed in standard programming.
071         * Instead, the class should be used as <code>NumberUtils.toInt("6");</code>.</p>
072         *
073         * <p>This constructor is public to permit tools that require a JavaBean instance
074         * to operate.</p>
075         */
076        public NumberUtils() {
077            super();
078        }
079    
080        //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
081        /**
082         * <p>Convert a <code>String</code> to an <code>int</code>, returning
083         * <code>zero</code> if the conversion fails.</p>
084         *
085         * <p>If the string is <code>null</code>, <code>zero</code> is returned.</p>
086         *
087         * <pre>
088         *   NumberUtils.toInt(null) = 0
089         *   NumberUtils.toInt("")   = 0
090         *   NumberUtils.toInt("1")  = 1
091         * </pre>
092         *
093         * @param str  the string to convert, may be null
094         * @return the int represented by the string, or <code>zero</code> if
095         *  conversion fails
096         * @since 2.1
097         */
098        public static int toInt(String str) {
099            return toInt(str, 0);
100        }
101    
102        /**
103         * <p>Convert a <code>String</code> to an <code>int</code>, returning a
104         * default value if the conversion fails.</p>
105         *
106         * <p>If the string is <code>null</code>, the default value is returned.</p>
107         *
108         * <pre>
109         *   NumberUtils.toInt(null, 1) = 1
110         *   NumberUtils.toInt("", 1)   = 1
111         *   NumberUtils.toInt("1", 0)  = 1
112         * </pre>
113         *
114         * @param str  the string to convert, may be null
115         * @param defaultValue  the default value
116         * @return the int represented by the string, or the default if conversion fails
117         * @since 2.1
118         */
119        public static int toInt(String str, int defaultValue) {
120            if(str == null) {
121                return defaultValue;
122            }
123            try {
124                return Integer.parseInt(str);
125            } catch (NumberFormatException nfe) {
126                return defaultValue;
127            }
128        }
129    
130        /**
131         * <p>Convert a <code>String</code> to a <code>long</code>, returning
132         * <code>zero</code> if the conversion fails.</p>
133         *
134         * <p>If the string is <code>null</code>, <code>zero</code> is returned.</p>
135         *
136         * <pre>
137         *   NumberUtils.toLong(null) = 0L
138         *   NumberUtils.toLong("")   = 0L
139         *   NumberUtils.toLong("1")  = 1L
140         * </pre>
141         *
142         * @param str  the string to convert, may be null
143         * @return the long represented by the string, or <code>0</code> if
144         *  conversion fails
145         * @since 2.1
146         */
147        public static long toLong(String str) {
148            return toLong(str, 0L);
149        }
150    
151        /**
152         * <p>Convert a <code>String</code> to a <code>long</code>, returning a
153         * default value if the conversion fails.</p>
154         *
155         * <p>If the string is <code>null</code>, the default value is returned.</p>
156         *
157         * <pre>
158         *   NumberUtils.toLong(null, 1L) = 1L
159         *   NumberUtils.toLong("", 1L)   = 1L
160         *   NumberUtils.toLong("1", 0L)  = 1L
161         * </pre>
162         *
163         * @param str  the string to convert, may be null
164         * @param defaultValue  the default value
165         * @return the long represented by the string, or the default if conversion fails
166         * @since 2.1
167         */
168        public static long toLong(String str, long defaultValue) {
169            if (str == null) {
170                return defaultValue;
171            }
172            try {
173                return Long.parseLong(str);
174            } catch (NumberFormatException nfe) {
175                return defaultValue;
176            }
177        }
178    
179        /**
180         * <p>Convert a <code>String</code> to a <code>float</code>, returning
181         * <code>0.0f</code> if the conversion fails.</p>
182         *
183         * <p>If the string <code>str</code> is <code>null</code>,
184         * <code>0.0f</code> is returned.</p>
185         *
186         * <pre>
187         *   NumberUtils.toFloat(null)   = 0.0f
188         *   NumberUtils.toFloat("")     = 0.0f
189         *   NumberUtils.toFloat("1.5")  = 1.5f
190         * </pre>
191         *
192         * @param str the string to convert, may be <code>null</code>
193         * @return the float represented by the string, or <code>0.0f</code>
194         *  if conversion fails
195         * @since 2.1
196         */
197        public static float toFloat(String str) {
198            return toFloat(str, 0.0f);
199        }
200    
201        /**
202         * <p>Convert a <code>String</code> to a <code>float</code>, returning a
203         * default value if the conversion fails.</p>
204         *
205         * <p>If the string <code>str</code> is <code>null</code>, the default
206         * value is returned.</p>
207         *
208         * <pre>
209         *   NumberUtils.toFloat(null, 1.1f)   = 1.0f
210         *   NumberUtils.toFloat("", 1.1f)     = 1.1f
211         *   NumberUtils.toFloat("1.5", 0.0f)  = 1.5f
212         * </pre>
213         *
214         * @param str the string to convert, may be <code>null</code>
215         * @param defaultValue the default value
216         * @return the float represented by the string, or defaultValue
217         *  if conversion fails
218         * @since 2.1
219         */
220        public static float toFloat(String str, float defaultValue) {
221          if (str == null) {
222              return defaultValue;
223          }     
224          try {
225              return Float.parseFloat(str);
226          } catch (NumberFormatException nfe) {
227              return defaultValue;
228          }
229        }
230    
231        /**
232         * <p>Convert a <code>String</code> to a <code>double</code>, returning
233         * <code>0.0d</code> if the conversion fails.</p>
234         *
235         * <p>If the string <code>str</code> is <code>null</code>,
236         * <code>0.0d</code> is returned.</p>
237         *
238         * <pre>
239         *   NumberUtils.toDouble(null)   = 0.0d
240         *   NumberUtils.toDouble("")     = 0.0d
241         *   NumberUtils.toDouble("1.5")  = 1.5d
242         * </pre>
243         *
244         * @param str the string to convert, may be <code>null</code>
245         * @return the double represented by the string, or <code>0.0d</code>
246         *  if conversion fails
247         * @since 2.1
248         */
249        public static double toDouble(String str) {
250            return toDouble(str, 0.0d);
251        }
252    
253        /**
254         * <p>Convert a <code>String</code> to a <code>double</code>, returning a
255         * default value if the conversion fails.</p>
256         *
257         * <p>If the string <code>str</code> is <code>null</code>, the default
258         * value is returned.</p>
259         *
260         * <pre>
261         *   NumberUtils.toDouble(null, 1.1d)   = 1.1d
262         *   NumberUtils.toDouble("", 1.1d)     = 1.1d
263         *   NumberUtils.toDouble("1.5", 0.0d)  = 1.5d
264         * </pre>
265         *
266         * @param str the string to convert, may be <code>null</code>
267         * @param defaultValue the default value
268         * @return the double represented by the string, or defaultValue
269         *  if conversion fails
270         * @since 2.1
271         */
272        public static double toDouble(String str, double defaultValue) {
273          if (str == null) {
274              return defaultValue;
275          }
276          try {
277              return Double.parseDouble(str);
278          } catch (NumberFormatException nfe) {
279              return defaultValue;
280          }
281        }
282    
283         //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
284         /**
285         * <p>Convert a <code>String</code> to a <code>byte</code>, returning
286         * <code>zero</code> if the conversion fails.</p>
287         *
288         * <p>If the string is <code>null</code>, <code>zero</code> is returned.</p>
289         *
290         * <pre>
291         *   NumberUtils.toByte(null) = 0
292         *   NumberUtils.toByte("")   = 0
293         *   NumberUtils.toByte("1")  = 1
294         * </pre>
295         *
296         * @param str  the string to convert, may be null
297         * @return the byte represented by the string, or <code>zero</code> if
298         *  conversion fails
299         * @since 2.5
300         */
301        public static byte toByte(String str) {
302            return toByte(str, (byte) 0);
303        }
304    
305        /**
306         * <p>Convert a <code>String</code> to a <code>byte</code>, returning a
307         * default value if the conversion fails.</p>
308         *
309         * <p>If the string is <code>null</code>, the default value is returned.</p>
310         *
311         * <pre>
312         *   NumberUtils.toByte(null, 1) = 1
313         *   NumberUtils.toByte("", 1)   = 1
314         *   NumberUtils.toByte("1", 0)  = 1
315         * </pre>
316         *
317         * @param str  the string to convert, may be null
318         * @param defaultValue  the default value
319         * @return the byte represented by the string, or the default if conversion fails
320         * @since 2.5
321         */
322        public static byte toByte(String str, byte defaultValue) {
323            if(str == null) {
324                return defaultValue;
325            }
326            try {
327                return Byte.parseByte(str);
328            } catch (NumberFormatException nfe) {
329                return defaultValue;
330            }
331        }
332    
333        /**
334         * <p>Convert a <code>String</code> to a <code>short</code>, returning
335         * <code>zero</code> if the conversion fails.</p>
336         *
337         * <p>If the string is <code>null</code>, <code>zero</code> is returned.</p>
338         *
339         * <pre>
340         *   NumberUtils.toShort(null) = 0
341         *   NumberUtils.toShort("")   = 0
342         *   NumberUtils.toShort("1")  = 1
343         * </pre>
344         *
345         * @param str  the string to convert, may be null
346         * @return the short represented by the string, or <code>zero</code> if
347         *  conversion fails
348         * @since 2.5
349         */
350        public static short toShort(String str) {
351            return toShort(str, (short) 0);
352        }
353    
354        /**
355         * <p>Convert a <code>String</code> to an <code>short</code>, returning a
356         * default value if the conversion fails.</p>
357         *
358         * <p>If the string is <code>null</code>, the default value is returned.</p>
359         *
360         * <pre>
361         *   NumberUtils.toShort(null, 1) = 1
362         *   NumberUtils.toShort("", 1)   = 1
363         *   NumberUtils.toShort("1", 0)  = 1
364         * </pre>
365         *
366         * @param str  the string to convert, may be null
367         * @param defaultValue  the default value
368         * @return the short represented by the string, or the default if conversion fails
369         * @since 2.5
370         */
371        public static short toShort(String str, short defaultValue) {
372            if(str == null) {
373                return defaultValue;
374            }
375            try {
376                return Short.parseShort(str);
377            } catch (NumberFormatException nfe) {
378                return defaultValue;
379            }
380        }
381    
382        //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
383        // must handle Long, Float, Integer, Float, Short,
384        //                  BigDecimal, BigInteger and Byte
385        // useful methods:
386        // Byte.decode(String)
387        // Byte.valueOf(String,int radix)
388        // Byte.valueOf(String)
389        // Double.valueOf(String)
390        // Float.valueOf(String)
391        // Float.valueOf(String)
392        // Integer.valueOf(String,int radix)
393        // Integer.valueOf(String)
394        // Integer.decode(String)
395        // Integer.getInteger(String)
396        // Integer.getInteger(String,int val)
397        // Integer.getInteger(String,Integer val)
398        // Integer.valueOf(String)
399        // Double.valueOf(String)
400        // new Byte(String)
401        // Long.valueOf(String)
402        // Long.getLong(String)
403        // Long.getLong(String,int)
404        // Long.getLong(String,Integer)
405        // Long.valueOf(String,int)
406        // Long.valueOf(String)
407        // Short.valueOf(String)
408        // Short.decode(String)
409        // Short.valueOf(String,int)
410        // Short.valueOf(String)
411        // new BigDecimal(String)
412        // new BigInteger(String)
413        // new BigInteger(String,int radix)
414        // Possible inputs:
415        // 45 45.5 45E7 4.5E7 Hex Oct Binary xxxF xxxD xxxf xxxd
416        // plus minus everything. Prolly more. A lot are not separable.
417    
418        /**
419         * <p>Turns a string value into a java.lang.Number.</p>
420         *
421         * <p>First, the value is examined for a type qualifier on the end
422         * (<code>'f','F','d','D','l','L'</code>).  If it is found, it starts 
423         * trying to create successively larger types from the type specified
424         * until one is found that can represent the value.</p>
425         *
426         * <p>If a type specifier is not found, it will check for a decimal point
427         * and then try successively larger types from <code>Integer</code> to
428         * <code>BigInteger</code> and from <code>Float</code> to
429         * <code>BigDecimal</code>.</p>
430         *
431         * <p>If the string starts with <code>0x</code> or <code>-0x</code> (lower or upper case), it
432         * will be interpreted as a hexadecimal integer.  Values with leading
433         * <code>0</code>'s will not be interpreted as octal.</p>
434         *
435         * <p>Returns <code>null</code> if the string is <code>null</code>.</p>
436         *
437         * <p>This method does not trim the input string, i.e., strings with leading
438         * or trailing spaces will generate NumberFormatExceptions.</p>
439         *
440         * @param str  String containing a number, may be null
441         * @return Number created from the string (or null if the input is null)
442         * @throws NumberFormatException if the value cannot be converted
443         */
444        public static Number createNumber(String str) throws NumberFormatException {
445            if (str == null) {
446                return null;
447            }
448            if (StringUtils.isBlank(str)) {
449                throw new NumberFormatException("A blank string is not a valid number");
450            }  
451            if (str.startsWith("--")) {
452                // this is protection for poorness in java.lang.BigDecimal.
453                // it accepts this as a legal value, but it does not appear 
454                // to be in specification of class. OS X Java parses it to 
455                // a wrong value.
456                return null;
457            }
458            if (str.startsWith("0x") || str.startsWith("-0x") || str.startsWith("0X") || str.startsWith("-0X")) {
459                return createInteger(str);
460            }   
461            char lastChar = str.charAt(str.length() - 1);
462            String mant;
463            String dec;
464            String exp;
465            int decPos = str.indexOf('.');
466            int expPos = str.indexOf('e') + str.indexOf('E') + 1;
467    
468            if (decPos > -1) {
469    
470                if (expPos > -1) {
471                    if (expPos < decPos || expPos > str.length()) {
472                        throw new NumberFormatException(str + " is not a valid number.");
473                    }
474                    dec = str.substring(decPos + 1, expPos);
475                } else {
476                    dec = str.substring(decPos + 1);
477                }
478                mant = str.substring(0, decPos);
479            } else {
480                if (expPos > -1) {
481                    if (expPos > str.length()) {
482                        throw new NumberFormatException(str + " is not a valid number.");
483                    }
484                    mant = str.substring(0, expPos);
485                } else {
486                    mant = str;
487                }
488                dec = null;
489            }
490            if (!Character.isDigit(lastChar) && lastChar != '.') {
491                if (expPos > -1 && expPos < str.length() - 1) {
492                    exp = str.substring(expPos + 1, str.length() - 1);
493                } else {
494                    exp = null;
495                }
496                //Requesting a specific type..
497                String numeric = str.substring(0, str.length() - 1);
498                boolean allZeros = isAllZeros(mant) && isAllZeros(exp);
499                switch (lastChar) {
500                    case 'l' :
501                    case 'L' :
502                        if (dec == null
503                            && exp == null
504                            && (numeric.charAt(0) == '-' && isDigits(numeric.substring(1)) || isDigits(numeric))) {
505                            try {
506                                return createLong(numeric);
507                            } catch (NumberFormatException nfe) { // NOPMD
508                                // Too big for a long
509                            }
510                            return createBigInteger(numeric);
511    
512                        }
513                        throw new NumberFormatException(str + " is not a valid number.");
514                    case 'f' :
515                    case 'F' :
516                        try {
517                            Float f = NumberUtils.createFloat(numeric);
518                            if (!(f.isInfinite() || (f.floatValue() == 0.0F && !allZeros))) {
519                                //If it's too big for a float or the float value = 0 and the string
520                                //has non-zeros in it, then float does not have the precision we want
521                                return f;
522                            }
523    
524                        } catch (NumberFormatException nfe) { // NOPMD
525                            // ignore the bad number
526                        }
527                        //$FALL-THROUGH$
528                    case 'd' :
529                    case 'D' :
530                        try {
531                            Double d = NumberUtils.createDouble(numeric);
532                            if (!(d.isInfinite() || (d.floatValue() == 0.0D && !allZeros))) {
533                                return d;
534                            }
535                        } catch (NumberFormatException nfe) { // NOPMD
536                            // ignore the bad number
537                        }
538                        try {
539                            return createBigDecimal(numeric);
540                        } catch (NumberFormatException e) { // NOPMD
541                            // ignore the bad number
542                        }
543                        //$FALL-THROUGH$
544                    default :
545                        throw new NumberFormatException(str + " is not a valid number.");
546    
547                }
548            } else {
549                //User doesn't have a preference on the return type, so let's start
550                //small and go from there...
551                if (expPos > -1 && expPos < str.length() - 1) {
552                    exp = str.substring(expPos + 1, str.length());
553                } else {
554                    exp = null;
555                }
556                if (dec == null && exp == null) {
557                    //Must be an int,long,bigint
558                    try {
559                        return createInteger(str);
560                    } catch (NumberFormatException nfe) { // NOPMD
561                        // ignore the bad number
562                    }
563                    try {
564                        return createLong(str);
565                    } catch (NumberFormatException nfe) { // NOPMD
566                        // ignore the bad number
567                    }
568                    return createBigInteger(str);
569    
570                } else {
571                    //Must be a float,double,BigDec
572                    boolean allZeros = isAllZeros(mant) && isAllZeros(exp);
573                    try {
574                        Float f = createFloat(str);
575                        if (!(f.isInfinite() || (f.floatValue() == 0.0F && !allZeros))) {
576                            return f;
577                        }
578                    } catch (NumberFormatException nfe) { // NOPMD
579                        // ignore the bad number
580                    }
581                    try {
582                        Double d = createDouble(str);
583                        if (!(d.isInfinite() || (d.doubleValue() == 0.0D && !allZeros))) {
584                            return d;
585                        }
586                    } catch (NumberFormatException nfe) { // NOPMD
587                        // ignore the bad number
588                    }
589    
590                    return createBigDecimal(str);
591    
592                }
593            }
594        }
595    
596        /**
597         * <p>Utility method for {@link #createNumber(java.lang.String)}.</p>
598         *
599         * <p>Returns <code>true</code> if s is <code>null</code>.</p>
600         * 
601         * @param str  the String to check
602         * @return if it is all zeros or <code>null</code>
603         */
604        private static boolean isAllZeros(String str) {
605            if (str == null) {
606                return true;
607            }
608            for (int i = str.length() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
609                if (str.charAt(i) != '0') {
610                    return false;
611                }
612            }
613            return str.length() > 0;
614        }
615    
616        //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
617        /**
618         * <p>Convert a <code>String</code> to a <code>Float</code>.</p>
619         *
620         * <p>Returns <code>null</code> if the string is <code>null</code>.</p>
621         * 
622         * @param str  a <code>String</code> to convert, may be null
623         * @return converted <code>Float</code>
624         * @throws NumberFormatException if the value cannot be converted
625         */
626        public static Float createFloat(String str) {
627            if (str == null) {
628                return null;
629            }
630            return Float.valueOf(str);
631        }
632    
633        /**
634         * <p>Convert a <code>String</code> to a <code>Double</code>.</p>
635         * 
636         * <p>Returns <code>null</code> if the string is <code>null</code>.</p>
637         *
638         * @param str  a <code>String</code> to convert, may be null
639         * @return converted <code>Double</code>
640         * @throws NumberFormatException if the value cannot be converted
641         */
642        public static Double createDouble(String str) {
643            if (str == null) {
644                return null;
645            }
646            return Double.valueOf(str);
647        }
648    
649        /**
650         * <p>Convert a <code>String</code> to a <code>Integer</code>, handling
651         * hex and octal notations.</p>
652         *
653         * <p>Returns <code>null</code> if the string is <code>null</code>.</p>
654         * 
655         * @param str  a <code>String</code> to convert, may be null
656         * @return converted <code>Integer</code>
657         * @throws NumberFormatException if the value cannot be converted
658         */
659        public static Integer createInteger(String str) {
660            if (str == null) {
661                return null;
662            }
663            // decode() handles 0xAABD and 0777 (hex and octal) as well.
664            return Integer.decode(str);
665        }
666    
667        /**
668         * <p>Convert a <code>String</code> to a <code>Long</code>; 
669         * since 3.1 it handles hex and octal notations.</p>
670         * 
671         * <p>Returns <code>null</code> if the string is <code>null</code>.</p>
672         *
673         * @param str  a <code>String</code> to convert, may be null
674         * @return converted <code>Long</code>
675         * @throws NumberFormatException if the value cannot be converted
676         */
677        public static Long createLong(String str) {
678            if (str == null) {
679                return null;
680            }
681            return Long.decode(str);
682        }
683    
684        /**
685         * <p>Convert a <code>String</code> to a <code>BigInteger</code>.</p>
686         *
687         * <p>Returns <code>null</code> if the string is <code>null</code>.</p>
688         * 
689         * @param str  a <code>String</code> to convert, may be null
690         * @return converted <code>BigInteger</code>
691         * @throws NumberFormatException if the value cannot be converted
692         */
693        public static BigInteger createBigInteger(String str) {
694            if (str == null) {
695                return null;
696            }
697            return new BigInteger(str);
698        }
699    
700        /**
701         * <p>Convert a <code>String</code> to a <code>BigDecimal</code>.</p>
702         * 
703         * <p>Returns <code>null</code> if the string is <code>null</code>.</p>
704         *
705         * @param str  a <code>String</code> to convert, may be null
706         * @return converted <code>BigDecimal</code>
707         * @throws NumberFormatException if the value cannot be converted
708         */
709        public static BigDecimal createBigDecimal(String str) {
710            if (str == null) {
711                return null;
712            }
713            // handle JDK1.3.1 bug where "" throws IndexOutOfBoundsException
714            if (StringUtils.isBlank(str)) {
715                throw new NumberFormatException("A blank string is not a valid number");
716            }  
717            return new BigDecimal(str);
718        }
719    
720        // Min in array
721        //--------------------------------------------------------------------
722        /**
723         * <p>Returns the minimum value in an array.</p>
724         * 
725         * @param array  an array, must not be null or empty
726         * @return the minimum value in the array
727         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if <code>array</code> is <code>null</code>
728         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if <code>array</code> is empty
729         */
730        public static long min(long[] array) {
731            // Validates input
732            if (array == null) {
733                throw new IllegalArgumentException("The Array must not be null");
734            } else if (array.length == 0) {
735                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Array cannot be empty.");
736            }
737        
738            // Finds and returns min
739            long min = array[0];
740            for (int i = 1; i < array.length; i++) {
741                if (array[i] < min) {
742                    min = array[i];
743                }
744            }
745        
746            return min;
747        }
748    
749        /**
750         * <p>Returns the minimum value in an array.</p>
751         * 
752         * @param array  an array, must not be null or empty
753         * @return the minimum value in the array
754         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if <code>array</code> is <code>null</code>
755         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if <code>array</code> is empty
756         */
757        public static int min(int[] array) {
758            // Validates input
759            if (array == null) {
760                throw new IllegalArgumentException("The Array must not be null");
761            } else if (array.length == 0) {
762                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Array cannot be empty.");
763            }
764        
765            // Finds and returns min
766            int min = array[0];
767            for (int j = 1; j < array.length; j++) {
768                if (array[j] < min) {
769                    min = array[j];
770                }
771            }
772        
773            return min;
774        }
775    
776        /**
777         * <p>Returns the minimum value in an array.</p>
778         * 
779         * @param array  an array, must not be null or empty
780         * @return the minimum value in the array
781         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if <code>array</code> is <code>null</code>
782         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if <code>array</code> is empty
783         */
784        public static short min(short[] array) {
785            // Validates input
786            if (array == null) {
787                throw new IllegalArgumentException("The Array must not be null");
788            } else if (array.length == 0) {
789                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Array cannot be empty.");
790            }
791        
792            // Finds and returns min
793            short min = array[0];
794            for (int i = 1; i < array.length; i++) {
795                if (array[i] < min) {
796                    min = array[i];
797                }
798            }
799        
800            return min;
801        }
802    
803        /**
804         * <p>Returns the minimum value in an array.</p>
805         * 
806         * @param array  an array, must not be null or empty
807         * @return the minimum value in the array
808         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if <code>array</code> is <code>null</code>
809         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if <code>array</code> is empty
810         */
811        public static byte min(byte[] array) {
812            // Validates input
813            if (array == null) {
814                throw new IllegalArgumentException("The Array must not be null");
815            } else if (array.length == 0) {
816                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Array cannot be empty.");
817            }
818        
819            // Finds and returns min
820            byte min = array[0];
821            for (int i = 1; i < array.length; i++) {
822                if (array[i] < min) {
823                    min = array[i];
824                }
825            }
826        
827            return min;
828        }
829    
830         /**
831         * <p>Returns the minimum value in an array.</p>
832         * 
833         * @param array  an array, must not be null or empty
834         * @return the minimum value in the array
835         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if <code>array</code> is <code>null</code>
836         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if <code>array</code> is empty
837         * @see IEEE754rUtils#min(double[]) IEEE754rUtils for a version of this method that handles NaN differently
838         */
839        public static double min(double[] array) {
840            // Validates input
841            if (array == null) {
842                throw new IllegalArgumentException("The Array must not be null");
843            } else if (array.length == 0) {
844                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Array cannot be empty.");
845            }
846        
847            // Finds and returns min
848            double min = array[0];
849            for (int i = 1; i < array.length; i++) {
850                if (Double.isNaN(array[i])) {
851                    return Double.NaN;
852                }
853                if (array[i] < min) {
854                    min = array[i];
855                }
856            }
857        
858            return min;
859        }
860    
861        /**
862         * <p>Returns the minimum value in an array.</p>
863         * 
864         * @param array  an array, must not be null or empty
865         * @return the minimum value in the array
866         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if <code>array</code> is <code>null</code>
867         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if <code>array</code> is empty
868         * @see IEEE754rUtils#min(float[]) IEEE754rUtils for a version of this method that handles NaN differently
869         */
870        public static float min(float[] array) {
871            // Validates input
872            if (array == null) {
873                throw new IllegalArgumentException("The Array must not be null");
874            } else if (array.length == 0) {
875                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Array cannot be empty.");
876            }
877        
878            // Finds and returns min
879            float min = array[0];
880            for (int i = 1; i < array.length; i++) {
881                if (Float.isNaN(array[i])) {
882                    return Float.NaN;
883                }
884                if (array[i] < min) {
885                    min = array[i];
886                }
887            }
888        
889            return min;
890        }
891    
892        // Max in array
893        //--------------------------------------------------------------------
894        /**
895         * <p>Returns the maximum value in an array.</p>
896         * 
897         * @param array  an array, must not be null or empty
898         * @return the minimum value in the array
899         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if <code>array</code> is <code>null</code>
900         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if <code>array</code> is empty
901         */
902        public static long max(long[] array) {
903            // Validates input
904            if (array == null) {
905                throw new IllegalArgumentException("The Array must not be null");
906            } else if (array.length == 0) {
907                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Array cannot be empty.");
908            }
909    
910            // Finds and returns max
911            long max = array[0];
912            for (int j = 1; j < array.length; j++) {
913                if (array[j] > max) {
914                    max = array[j];
915                }
916            }
917    
918            return max;
919        }
920    
921        /**
922         * <p>Returns the maximum value in an array.</p>
923         * 
924         * @param array  an array, must not be null or empty
925         * @return the minimum value in the array
926         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if <code>array</code> is <code>null</code>
927         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if <code>array</code> is empty
928         */
929        public static int max(int[] array) {
930            // Validates input
931            if (array == null) {
932                throw new IllegalArgumentException("The Array must not be null");
933            } else if (array.length == 0) {
934                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Array cannot be empty.");
935            }
936        
937            // Finds and returns max
938            int max = array[0];
939            for (int j = 1; j < array.length; j++) {
940                if (array[j] > max) {
941                    max = array[j];
942                }
943            }
944        
945            return max;
946        }
947    
948        /**
949         * <p>Returns the maximum value in an array.</p>
950         * 
951         * @param array  an array, must not be null or empty
952         * @return the minimum value in the array
953         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if <code>array</code> is <code>null</code>
954         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if <code>array</code> is empty
955         */
956        public static short max(short[] array) {
957            // Validates input
958            if (array == null) {
959                throw new IllegalArgumentException("The Array must not be null");
960            } else if (array.length == 0) {
961                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Array cannot be empty.");
962            }
963        
964            // Finds and returns max
965            short max = array[0];
966            for (int i = 1; i < array.length; i++) {
967                if (array[i] > max) {
968                    max = array[i];
969                }
970            }
971        
972            return max;
973        }
974    
975        /**
976         * <p>Returns the maximum value in an array.</p>
977         * 
978         * @param array  an array, must not be null or empty
979         * @return the minimum value in the array
980         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if <code>array</code> is <code>null</code>
981         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if <code>array</code> is empty
982         */
983        public static byte max(byte[] array) {
984            // Validates input
985            if (array == null) {
986                throw new IllegalArgumentException("The Array must not be null");
987            } else if (array.length == 0) {
988                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Array cannot be empty.");
989            }
990        
991            // Finds and returns max
992            byte max = array[0];
993            for (int i = 1; i < array.length; i++) {
994                if (array[i] > max) {
995                    max = array[i];
996                }
997            }
998        
999            return max;
1000        }
1001    
1002        /**
1003         * <p>Returns the maximum value in an array.</p>
1004         * 
1005         * @param array  an array, must not be null or empty
1006         * @return the minimum value in the array
1007         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if <code>array</code> is <code>null</code>
1008         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if <code>array</code> is empty
1009         * @see IEEE754rUtils#max(double[]) IEEE754rUtils for a version of this method that handles NaN differently
1010         */
1011        public static double max(double[] array) {
1012            // Validates input
1013            if (array== null) {
1014                throw new IllegalArgumentException("The Array must not be null");
1015            } else if (array.length == 0) {
1016                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Array cannot be empty.");
1017            }
1018        
1019            // Finds and returns max
1020            double max = array[0];
1021            for (int j = 1; j < array.length; j++) {
1022                if (Double.isNaN(array[j])) {
1023                    return Double.NaN;
1024                }
1025                if (array[j] > max) {
1026                    max = array[j];
1027                }
1028            }
1029        
1030            return max;
1031        }
1032    
1033        /**
1034         * <p>Returns the maximum value in an array.</p>
1035         * 
1036         * @param array  an array, must not be null or empty
1037         * @return the minimum value in the array
1038         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if <code>array</code> is <code>null</code>
1039         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if <code>array</code> is empty
1040         * @see IEEE754rUtils#max(float[]) IEEE754rUtils for a version of this method that handles NaN differently
1041         */
1042        public static float max(float[] array) {
1043            // Validates input
1044            if (array == null) {
1045                throw new IllegalArgumentException("The Array must not be null");
1046            } else if (array.length == 0) {
1047                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Array cannot be empty.");
1048            }
1049    
1050            // Finds and returns max
1051            float max = array[0];
1052            for (int j = 1; j < array.length; j++) {
1053                if (Float.isNaN(array[j])) {
1054                    return Float.NaN;
1055                }
1056                if (array[j] > max) {
1057                    max = array[j];
1058                }
1059            }
1060    
1061            return max;
1062        }
1063         
1064        // 3 param min
1065        //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1066        /**
1067         * <p>Gets the minimum of three <code>long</code> values.</p>
1068         * 
1069         * @param a  value 1
1070         * @param b  value 2
1071         * @param c  value 3
1072         * @return  the smallest of the values
1073         */
1074        public static long min(long a, long b, long c) {
1075            if (b < a) {
1076                a = b;
1077            }
1078            if (c < a) {
1079                a = c;
1080            }
1081            return a;
1082        }
1083    
1084        /**
1085         * <p>Gets the minimum of three <code>int</code> values.</p>
1086         * 
1087         * @param a  value 1
1088         * @param b  value 2
1089         * @param c  value 3
1090         * @return  the smallest of the values
1091         */
1092        public static int min(int a, int b, int c) {
1093            if (b < a) {
1094                a = b;
1095            }
1096            if (c < a) {
1097                a = c;
1098            }
1099            return a;
1100        }
1101    
1102        /**
1103         * <p>Gets the minimum of three <code>short</code> values.</p>
1104         * 
1105         * @param a  value 1
1106         * @param b  value 2
1107         * @param c  value 3
1108         * @return  the smallest of the values
1109         */
1110        public static short min(short a, short b, short c) {
1111            if (b < a) {
1112                a = b;
1113            }
1114            if (c < a) {
1115                a = c;
1116            }
1117            return a;
1118        }
1119    
1120        /**
1121         * <p>Gets the minimum of three <code>byte</code> values.</p>
1122         * 
1123         * @param a  value 1
1124         * @param b  value 2
1125         * @param c  value 3
1126         * @return  the smallest of the values
1127         */
1128        public static byte min(byte a, byte b, byte c) {
1129            if (b < a) {
1130                a = b;
1131            }
1132            if (c < a) {
1133                a = c;
1134            }
1135            return a;
1136        }
1137    
1138        /**
1139         * <p>Gets the minimum of three <code>double</code> values.</p>
1140         * 
1141         * <p>If any value is <code>NaN</code>, <code>NaN</code> is
1142         * returned. Infinity is handled.</p>
1143         * 
1144         * @param a  value 1
1145         * @param b  value 2
1146         * @param c  value 3
1147         * @return  the smallest of the values
1148         * @see IEEE754rUtils#min(double, double, double) for a version of this method that handles NaN differently
1149         */
1150        public static double min(double a, double b, double c) {
1151            return Math.min(Math.min(a, b), c);
1152        }
1153    
1154        /**
1155         * <p>Gets the minimum of three <code>float</code> values.</p>
1156         * 
1157         * <p>If any value is <code>NaN</code>, <code>NaN</code> is
1158         * returned. Infinity is handled.</p>
1159         *
1160         * @param a  value 1
1161         * @param b  value 2
1162         * @param c  value 3
1163         * @return  the smallest of the values
1164         * @see IEEE754rUtils#min(float, float, float) for a version of this method that handles NaN differently
1165         */
1166        public static float min(float a, float b, float c) {
1167            return Math.min(Math.min(a, b), c);
1168        }
1169    
1170        // 3 param max
1171        //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1172        /**
1173         * <p>Gets the maximum of three <code>long</code> values.</p>
1174         * 
1175         * @param a  value 1
1176         * @param b  value 2
1177         * @param c  value 3
1178         * @return  the largest of the values
1179         */
1180        public static long max(long a, long b, long c) {
1181            if (b > a) {
1182                a = b;
1183            }
1184            if (c > a) {
1185                a = c;
1186            }
1187            return a;
1188        }
1189    
1190        /**
1191         * <p>Gets the maximum of three <code>int</code> values.</p>
1192         * 
1193         * @param a  value 1
1194         * @param b  value 2
1195         * @param c  value 3
1196         * @return  the largest of the values
1197         */
1198        public static int max(int a, int b, int c) {
1199            if (b > a) {
1200                a = b;
1201            }
1202            if (c > a) {
1203                a = c;
1204            }
1205            return a;
1206        }
1207    
1208        /**
1209         * <p>Gets the maximum of three <code>short</code> values.</p>
1210         * 
1211         * @param a  value 1
1212         * @param b  value 2
1213         * @param c  value 3
1214         * @return  the largest of the values
1215         */
1216        public static short max(short a, short b, short c) {
1217            if (b > a) {
1218                a = b;
1219            }
1220            if (c > a) {
1221                a = c;
1222            }
1223            return a;
1224        }
1225    
1226        /**
1227         * <p>Gets the maximum of three <code>byte</code> values.</p>
1228         * 
1229         * @param a  value 1
1230         * @param b  value 2
1231         * @param c  value 3
1232         * @return  the largest of the values
1233         */
1234        public static byte max(byte a, byte b, byte c) {
1235            if (b > a) {
1236                a = b;
1237            }
1238            if (c > a) {
1239                a = c;
1240            }
1241            return a;
1242        }
1243    
1244        /**
1245         * <p>Gets the maximum of three <code>double</code> values.</p>
1246         * 
1247         * <p>If any value is <code>NaN</code>, <code>NaN</code> is
1248         * returned. Infinity is handled.</p>
1249         *
1250         * @param a  value 1
1251         * @param b  value 2
1252         * @param c  value 3
1253         * @return  the largest of the values
1254         * @see IEEE754rUtils#max(double, double, double) for a version of this method that handles NaN differently
1255         */
1256        public static double max(double a, double b, double c) {
1257            return Math.max(Math.max(a, b), c);
1258        }
1259    
1260        /**
1261         * <p>Gets the maximum of three <code>float</code> values.</p>
1262         * 
1263         * <p>If any value is <code>NaN</code>, <code>NaN</code> is
1264         * returned. Infinity is handled.</p>
1265         *
1266         * @param a  value 1
1267         * @param b  value 2
1268         * @param c  value 3
1269         * @return  the largest of the values
1270         * @see IEEE754rUtils#max(float, float, float) for a version of this method that handles NaN differently
1271         */
1272        public static float max(float a, float b, float c) {
1273            return Math.max(Math.max(a, b), c);
1274        }
1275    
1276        //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1277        /**
1278         * <p>Checks whether the <code>String</code> contains only
1279         * digit characters.</p>
1280         *
1281         * <p><code>Null</code> and empty String will return
1282         * <code>false</code>.</p>
1283         *
1284         * @param str  the <code>String</code> to check
1285         * @return <code>true</code> if str contains only Unicode numeric
1286         */
1287        public static boolean isDigits(String str) {
1288            if (StringUtils.isEmpty(str)) {
1289                return false;
1290            }
1291            for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {
1292                if (!Character.isDigit(str.charAt(i))) {
1293                    return false;
1294                }
1295            }
1296            return true;
1297        }
1298    
1299        /**
1300         * <p>Checks whether the String a valid Java number.</p>
1301         *
1302         * <p>Valid numbers include hexadecimal marked with the <code>0x</code>
1303         * qualifier, scientific notation and numbers marked with a type
1304         * qualifier (e.g. 123L).</p>
1305         *
1306         * <p><code>Null</code> and empty String will return
1307         * <code>false</code>.</p>
1308         *
1309         * @param str  the <code>String</code> to check
1310         * @return <code>true</code> if the string is a correctly formatted number
1311         */
1312        public static boolean isNumber(String str) {
1313            if (StringUtils.isEmpty(str)) {
1314                return false;
1315            }
1316            char[] chars = str.toCharArray();
1317            int sz = chars.length;
1318            boolean hasExp = false;
1319            boolean hasDecPoint = false;
1320            boolean allowSigns = false;
1321            boolean foundDigit = false;
1322            // deal with any possible sign up front
1323            int start = (chars[0] == '-') ? 1 : 0;
1324            if (sz > start + 1 && chars[start] == '0' && chars[start + 1] == 'x') {
1325                int i = start + 2;
1326                if (i == sz) {
1327                    return false; // str == "0x"
1328                }
1329                // checking hex (it can't be anything else)
1330                for (; i < chars.length; i++) {
1331                    if ((chars[i] < '0' || chars[i] > '9')
1332                        && (chars[i] < 'a' || chars[i] > 'f')
1333                        && (chars[i] < 'A' || chars[i] > 'F')) {
1334                        return false;
1335                    }
1336                }
1337                return true;
1338            }
1339            sz--; // don't want to loop to the last char, check it afterwords
1340                  // for type qualifiers
1341            int i = start;
1342            // loop to the next to last char or to the last char if we need another digit to
1343            // make a valid number (e.g. chars[0..5] = "1234E")
1344            while (i < sz || (i < sz + 1 && allowSigns && !foundDigit)) {
1345                if (chars[i] >= '0' && chars[i] <= '9') {
1346                    foundDigit = true;
1347                    allowSigns = false;
1348    
1349                } else if (chars[i] == '.') {
1350                    if (hasDecPoint || hasExp) {
1351                        // two decimal points or dec in exponent   
1352                        return false;
1353                    }
1354                    hasDecPoint = true;
1355                } else if (chars[i] == 'e' || chars[i] == 'E') {
1356                    // we've already taken care of hex.
1357                    if (hasExp) {
1358                        // two E's
1359                        return false;
1360                    }
1361                    if (!foundDigit) {
1362                        return false;
1363                    }
1364                    hasExp = true;
1365                    allowSigns = true;
1366                } else if (chars[i] == '+' || chars[i] == '-') {
1367                    if (!allowSigns) {
1368                        return false;
1369                    }
1370                    allowSigns = false;
1371                    foundDigit = false; // we need a digit after the E
1372                } else {
1373                    return false;
1374                }
1375                i++;
1376            }
1377            if (i < chars.length) {
1378                if (chars[i] >= '0' && chars[i] <= '9') {
1379                    // no type qualifier, OK
1380                    return true;
1381                }
1382                if (chars[i] == 'e' || chars[i] == 'E') {
1383                    // can't have an E at the last byte
1384                    return false;
1385                }
1386                if (chars[i] == '.') {
1387                    if (hasDecPoint || hasExp) {
1388                        // two decimal points or dec in exponent
1389                        return false;
1390                    }
1391                    // single trailing decimal point after non-exponent is ok
1392                    return foundDigit;
1393                }
1394                if (!allowSigns
1395                    && (chars[i] == 'd'
1396                        || chars[i] == 'D'
1397                        || chars[i] == 'f'
1398                        || chars[i] == 'F')) {
1399                    return foundDigit;
1400                }
1401                if (chars[i] == 'l'
1402                    || chars[i] == 'L') {
1403                    // not allowing L with an exponent or decimal point
1404                    return foundDigit && !hasExp && !hasDecPoint;
1405                }
1406                // last character is illegal
1407                return false;
1408            }
1409            // allowSigns is true iff the val ends in 'E'
1410            // found digit it to make sure weird stuff like '.' and '1E-' doesn't pass
1411            return !allowSigns && foundDigit;
1412        }
1413    
1414    }