org.apache.commons.math3.distribution

• ### Field Summary

Fields
Modifier and Type Field and Description
static double DEFAULT_INVERSE_ABSOLUTE_ACCURACY
Default inverse cumulative probability accuracy.
• ### Fields inherited from class org.apache.commons.math3.distribution.AbstractRealDistribution

random, randomData, SOLVER_DEFAULT_ABSOLUTE_ACCURACY
• ### Constructor Summary

Constructors
Constructor and Description
GammaDistribution(double shape, double scale)
Creates a new gamma distribution with specified values of the shape and scale parameters.
GammaDistribution(double shape, double scale, double inverseCumAccuracy)
Creates a new gamma distribution with specified values of the shape and scale parameters.
GammaDistribution(RandomGenerator rng, double shape, double scale)
Creates a Gamma distribution.
GammaDistribution(RandomGenerator rng, double shape, double scale, double inverseCumAccuracy)
Creates a Gamma distribution.
• ### Method Summary

Methods
Modifier and Type Method and Description
double cumulativeProbability(double x)
For a random variable X whose values are distributed according to this distribution, this method returns P(X <= x).
double density(double x)
Returns the probability density function (PDF) of this distribution evaluated at the specified point x.
double getAlpha()
Deprecated.
as of version 3.1, getShape() should be preferred. This method will be removed in version 4.0.
double getBeta()
Deprecated.
as of version 3.1, getScale() should be preferred. This method will be removed in version 4.0.
double getNumericalMean()
Use this method to get the numerical value of the mean of this distribution.
double getNumericalVariance()
Use this method to get the numerical value of the variance of this distribution.
double getScale()
Returns the scale parameter of this distribution.
double getShape()
Returns the shape parameter of this distribution.
protected double getSolverAbsoluteAccuracy()
Returns the solver absolute accuracy for inverse cumulative computation.
double getSupportLowerBound()
Access the lower bound of the support.
double getSupportUpperBound()
Access the upper bound of the support.
boolean isSupportConnected()
Use this method to get information about whether the support is connected, i.e.
boolean isSupportLowerBoundInclusive()
Whether or not the lower bound of support is in the domain of the density function.
boolean isSupportUpperBoundInclusive()
Whether or not the upper bound of support is in the domain of the density function.
double logDensity(double x)
Returns the natural logarithm of the probability density function (PDF) of this distribution evaluated at the specified point x.
double sample()
This implementation uses the following algorithms:
• ### Methods inherited from class org.apache.commons.math3.distribution.AbstractRealDistribution

cumulativeProbability, inverseCumulativeProbability, probability, probability, reseedRandomGenerator, sample
• ### Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait
• ### Field Detail

• #### DEFAULT_INVERSE_ABSOLUTE_ACCURACY

public static final double DEFAULT_INVERSE_ABSOLUTE_ACCURACY
Default inverse cumulative probability accuracy.
Since:
2.1
Constant Field Values
• ### Constructor Detail

public GammaDistribution(double shape,
double scale)
throws NotStrictlyPositiveException
Creates a new gamma distribution with specified values of the shape and scale parameters.

Note: this constructor will implicitly create an instance of Well19937c as random generator to be used for sampling only (see sample() and AbstractRealDistribution.sample(int)). In case no sampling is needed for the created distribution, it is advised to pass null as random generator via the appropriate constructors to avoid the additional initialisation overhead.

Parameters:
shape - the shape parameter
scale - the scale parameter
Throws:
NotStrictlyPositiveException - if shape <= 0 or scale <= 0.

public GammaDistribution(double shape,
double scale,
double inverseCumAccuracy)
throws NotStrictlyPositiveException
Creates a new gamma distribution with specified values of the shape and scale parameters.

Note: this constructor will implicitly create an instance of Well19937c as random generator to be used for sampling only (see sample() and AbstractRealDistribution.sample(int)). In case no sampling is needed for the created distribution, it is advised to pass null as random generator via the appropriate constructors to avoid the additional initialisation overhead.

Parameters:
shape - the shape parameter
scale - the scale parameter
inverseCumAccuracy - the maximum absolute error in inverse cumulative probability estimates (defaults to DEFAULT_INVERSE_ABSOLUTE_ACCURACY).
Throws:
NotStrictlyPositiveException - if shape <= 0 or scale <= 0.
Since:
2.1

public GammaDistribution(RandomGenerator rng,
double shape,
double scale)
throws NotStrictlyPositiveException
Creates a Gamma distribution.
Parameters:
rng - Random number generator.
shape - the shape parameter
scale - the scale parameter
Throws:
NotStrictlyPositiveException - if shape <= 0 or scale <= 0.
Since:
3.3

public GammaDistribution(RandomGenerator rng,
double shape,
double scale,
double inverseCumAccuracy)
throws NotStrictlyPositiveException
Creates a Gamma distribution.
Parameters:
rng - Random number generator.
shape - the shape parameter
scale - the scale parameter
inverseCumAccuracy - the maximum absolute error in inverse cumulative probability estimates (defaults to DEFAULT_INVERSE_ABSOLUTE_ACCURACY).
Throws:
NotStrictlyPositiveException - if shape <= 0 or scale <= 0.
Since:
3.1
• ### Method Detail

• #### getAlpha

@Deprecated
public double getAlpha()
Deprecated. as of version 3.1, getShape() should be preferred. This method will be removed in version 4.0.
Returns the shape parameter of this distribution.
Returns:
the shape parameter
• #### getShape

public double getShape()
Returns the shape parameter of this distribution.
Returns:
the shape parameter
Since:
3.1
• #### getBeta

@Deprecated
public double getBeta()
Deprecated. as of version 3.1, getScale() should be preferred. This method will be removed in version 4.0.
Returns the scale parameter of this distribution.
Returns:
the scale parameter
• #### getScale

public double getScale()
Returns the scale parameter of this distribution.
Returns:
the scale parameter
Since:
3.1
• #### density

public double density(double x)
Returns the probability density function (PDF) of this distribution evaluated at the specified point x. In general, the PDF is the derivative of the CDF. If the derivative does not exist at x, then an appropriate replacement should be returned, e.g. Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY, Double.NaN, or the limit inferior or limit superior of the difference quotient.
Parameters:
x - the point at which the PDF is evaluated
Returns:
the value of the probability density function at point x
• #### logDensity

public double logDensity(double x)
Returns the natural logarithm of the probability density function (PDF) of this distribution evaluated at the specified point x. In general, the PDF is the derivative of the CDF. If the derivative does not exist at x, then an appropriate replacement should be returned, e.g. Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY, Double.NaN, or the limit inferior or limit superior of the difference quotient. Note that due to the floating point precision and under/overflow issues, this method will for some distributions be more precise and faster than computing the logarithm of RealDistribution.density(double). The default implementation simply computes the logarithm of density(x).
Overrides:
logDensity in class AbstractRealDistribution
Parameters:
x - the point at which the PDF is evaluated
Returns:
the logarithm of the value of the probability density function at point x
• #### cumulativeProbability

public double cumulativeProbability(double x)
For a random variable X whose values are distributed according to this distribution, this method returns P(X <= x). In other words, this method represents the (cumulative) distribution function (CDF) for this distribution. The implementation of this method is based on:
• Chi-Squared Distribution, equation (9).
• Casella, G., & Berger, R. (1990). Statistical Inference. Belmont, CA: Duxbury Press.
Parameters:
x - the point at which the CDF is evaluated
Returns:
the probability that a random variable with this distribution takes a value less than or equal to x
• #### getSolverAbsoluteAccuracy

protected double getSolverAbsoluteAccuracy()
Returns the solver absolute accuracy for inverse cumulative computation. You can override this method in order to use a Brent solver with an absolute accuracy different from the default.
Overrides:
getSolverAbsoluteAccuracy in class AbstractRealDistribution
Returns:
the maximum absolute error in inverse cumulative probability estimates
• #### getNumericalMean

public double getNumericalMean()
Use this method to get the numerical value of the mean of this distribution. For shape parameter alpha and scale parameter beta, the mean is alpha * beta.
Returns:
the mean or Double.NaN if it is not defined
• #### getNumericalVariance

public double getNumericalVariance()
Use this method to get the numerical value of the variance of this distribution. For shape parameter alpha and scale parameter beta, the variance is alpha * beta^2.
Returns:
the variance (possibly Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY as for certain cases in TDistribution) or Double.NaN if it is not defined
• #### getSupportLowerBound

public double getSupportLowerBound()
Access the lower bound of the support. This method must return the same value as inverseCumulativeProbability(0). In other words, this method must return

inf {x in R | P(X <= x) > 0}.

The lower bound of the support is always 0 no matter the parameters.
Returns:
lower bound of the support (always 0)
• #### getSupportUpperBound

public double getSupportUpperBound()
Access the upper bound of the support. This method must return the same value as inverseCumulativeProbability(1). In other words, this method must return

inf {x in R | P(X <= x) = 1}.

The upper bound of the support is always positive infinity no matter the parameters.
Returns:
upper bound of the support (always Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY)
• #### isSupportLowerBoundInclusive

public boolean isSupportLowerBoundInclusive()
Whether or not the lower bound of support is in the domain of the density function. Returns true iff getSupporLowerBound() is finite and density(getSupportLowerBound()) returns a non-NaN, non-infinite value.
Returns:
true if the lower bound of support is finite and the density function returns a non-NaN, non-infinite value there
• #### isSupportUpperBoundInclusive

public boolean isSupportUpperBoundInclusive()
Whether or not the upper bound of support is in the domain of the density function. Returns true iff getSupportUpperBound() is finite and density(getSupportUpperBound()) returns a non-NaN, non-infinite value.
Returns:
true if the upper bound of support is finite and the density function returns a non-NaN, non-infinite value there
• #### isSupportConnected

public boolean isSupportConnected()
Use this method to get information about whether the support is connected, i.e. whether all values between the lower and upper bound of the support are included in the support. The support of this distribution is connected.
Returns:
true
• #### sample

public double sample()

This implementation uses the following algorithms:

For 0 < shape < 1:
Ahrens, J. H. and Dieter, U., Computer methods for sampling from gamma, beta, Poisson and binomial distributions. Computing, 12, 223-246, 1974.

For shape >= 1:
Marsaglia and Tsang, A Simple Method for Generating Gamma Variables. ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software, Volume 26 Issue 3, September, 2000.

Specified by:
sample in interface RealDistribution
Overrides:
sample in class AbstractRealDistribution
Returns:
random value sampled from the Gamma(shape, scale) distribution