001/*
002 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
003 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
004 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
005 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
006 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
007 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
008 *
009 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
010 *
011 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
012 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
013 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
014 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
015 * limitations under the License.
016 */
017package org.apache.commons.collections4.keyvalue;
018
019import java.io.Serializable;
020import java.util.Arrays;
021
022/**
023 * A <code>MultiKey</code> allows multiple map keys to be merged together.
024 * <p>
025 * The purpose of this class is to avoid the need to write code to handle
026 * maps of maps. An example might be the need to look up a file name by
027 * key and locale. The typical solution might be nested maps. This class
028 * can be used instead by creating an instance passing in the key and locale.
029 * <p>
030 * Example usage:
031 * <pre>
032 * // populate map with data mapping key+locale to localizedText
033 * Map map = new HashMap();
034 * MultiKey multiKey = new MultiKey(key, locale);
035 * map.put(multiKey, localizedText);
036 *
037 * // later retrieve the localized text
038 * MultiKey multiKey = new MultiKey(key, locale);
039 * String localizedText = (String) map.get(multiKey);
040 * </pre>
041 *
042 * @since 3.0
043 * @version $Id: MultiKey.html 972421 2015-11-14 20:00:04Z tn $
044 */
045public class MultiKey<K> implements Serializable {
046    // This class could implement List, but that would confuse it's purpose
047
048    /** Serialisation version */
049    private static final long serialVersionUID = 4465448607415788805L;
050
051    /** The individual keys */
052    private final K[] keys;
053    /** The cached hashCode */
054    private transient int hashCode;
055
056    /**
057     * Constructor taking two keys.
058     * <p>
059     * The keys should be immutable
060     * If they are not then they must not be changed after adding to the MultiKey.
061     *
062     * @param key1  the first key
063     * @param key2  the second key
064     */
065    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
066    public MultiKey(final K key1, final K key2) {
067        this((K[]) new Object[] { key1, key2 }, false);
068    }
069
070    /**
071     * Constructor taking three keys.
072     * <p>
073     * The keys should be immutable
074     * If they are not then they must not be changed after adding to the MultiKey.
075     *
076     * @param key1  the first key
077     * @param key2  the second key
078     * @param key3  the third key
079     */
080    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
081    public MultiKey(final K key1, final K key2, final K key3) {
082        this((K[]) new Object[] {key1, key2, key3}, false);
083    }
084
085    /**
086     * Constructor taking four keys.
087     * <p>
088     * The keys should be immutable
089     * If they are not then they must not be changed after adding to the MultiKey.
090     *
091     * @param key1  the first key
092     * @param key2  the second key
093     * @param key3  the third key
094     * @param key4  the fourth key
095     */
096    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
097    public MultiKey(final K key1, final K key2, final K key3, final K key4) {
098        this((K[]) new Object[] {key1, key2, key3, key4}, false);
099    }
100
101    /**
102     * Constructor taking five keys.
103     * <p>
104     * The keys should be immutable
105     * If they are not then they must not be changed after adding to the MultiKey.
106     *
107     * @param key1  the first key
108     * @param key2  the second key
109     * @param key3  the third key
110     * @param key4  the fourth key
111     * @param key5  the fifth key
112     */
113    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
114    public MultiKey(final K key1, final K key2, final K key3, final K key4, final K key5) {
115        this((K[]) new Object[] {key1, key2, key3, key4, key5}, false);
116    }
117
118    /**
119     * Constructor taking an array of keys which is cloned.
120     * <p>
121     * The keys should be immutable
122     * If they are not then they must not be changed after adding to the MultiKey.
123     * <p>
124     * This is equivalent to <code>new MultiKey(keys, true)</code>.
125     *
126     * @param keys  the array of keys, not null
127     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the key array is null
128     */
129    public MultiKey(final K[] keys) {
130        this(keys, true);
131    }
132
133    /**
134     * Constructor taking an array of keys, optionally choosing whether to clone.
135     * <p>
136     * <b>If the array is not cloned, then it must not be modified.</b>
137     * <p>
138     * This method is public for performance reasons only, to avoid a clone.
139     * The hashcode is calculated once here in this method.
140     * Therefore, changing the array passed in would not change the hashcode but
141     * would change the equals method, which is a bug.
142     * <p>
143     * This is the only fully safe usage of this constructor, as the object array
144     * is never made available in a variable:
145     * <pre>
146     * new MultiKey(new Object[] {...}, false);
147     * </pre>
148     * <p>
149     * The keys should be immutable
150     * If they are not then they must not be changed after adding to the MultiKey.
151     *
152     * @param keys  the array of keys, not null
153     * @param makeClone  true to clone the array, false to assign it
154     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the key array is null
155     * @since 3.1
156     */
157    public MultiKey(final K[] keys, final boolean makeClone) {
158        super();
159        if (keys == null) {
160            throw new IllegalArgumentException("The array of keys must not be null");
161        }
162        if (makeClone) {
163            this.keys = keys.clone();
164        } else {
165            this.keys = keys;
166        }
167
168        calculateHashCode(keys);
169    }
170
171    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
172    /**
173     * Gets a clone of the array of keys.
174     * <p>
175     * The keys should be immutable
176     * If they are not then they must not be changed.
177     *
178     * @return the individual keys
179     */
180    public K[] getKeys() {
181        return keys.clone();
182    }
183
184    /**
185     * Gets the key at the specified index.
186     * <p>
187     * The key should be immutable.
188     * If it is not then it must not be changed.
189     *
190     * @param index  the index to retrieve
191     * @return the key at the index
192     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the index is invalid
193     * @since 3.1
194     */
195    public K getKey(final int index) {
196        return keys[index];
197    }
198
199    /**
200     * Gets the size of the list of keys.
201     *
202     * @return the size of the list of keys
203     * @since 3.1
204     */
205    public int size() {
206        return keys.length;
207    }
208
209    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
210    /**
211     * Compares this object to another.
212     * <p>
213     * To be equal, the other object must be a <code>MultiKey</code> with the
214     * same number of keys which are also equal.
215     *
216     * @param other  the other object to compare to
217     * @return true if equal
218     */
219    @Override
220    public boolean equals(final Object other) {
221        if (other == this) {
222            return true;
223        }
224        if (other instanceof MultiKey) {
225            final MultiKey<?> otherMulti = (MultiKey<?>) other;
226            return Arrays.equals(keys, otherMulti.keys);
227        }
228        return false;
229    }
230
231    /**
232     * Gets the combined hash code that is computed from all the keys.
233     * <p>
234     * This value is computed once and then cached, so elements should not
235     * change their hash codes once created (note that this is the same
236     * constraint that would be used if the individual keys elements were
237     * themselves {@link java.util.Map Map} keys.
238     *
239     * @return the hash code
240     */
241    @Override
242    public int hashCode() {
243        return hashCode;
244    }
245
246    /**
247     * Gets a debugging string version of the key.
248     *
249     * @return a debugging string
250     */
251    @Override
252    public String toString() {
253        return "MultiKey" + Arrays.toString(keys);
254    }
255
256    /**
257     * Calculate the hash code of the instance using the provided keys.
258     * @param keys the keys to calculate the hash code for
259     */
260    private void calculateHashCode(final Object[] keys)
261    {
262        int total = 0;
263        for (final Object key : keys) {
264            if (key != null) {
265                total ^= key.hashCode();
266            }
267        }
268        hashCode = total;
269    }
270
271    /**
272     * Recalculate the hash code after deserialization. The hash code of some
273     * keys might have change (hash codes based on the system hash code are
274     * only stable for the same process).
275     * @return the instance with recalculated hash code
276     */
277    private Object readResolve() {
278        calculateHashCode(keys);
279        return this;
280    }
281}