/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
 * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 * specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 */
package org.apache.commons.compress.compressors.lz77support;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Arrays;

import org.apache.commons.compress.compressors.CompressorInputStream;
import org.apache.commons.compress.utils.ByteUtils;
import org.apache.commons.compress.utils.IOUtils;
import org.apache.commons.compress.utils.InputStreamStatistics;
import org.apache.commons.io.input.BoundedInputStream;

/**
 * Encapsulates code common to LZ77 decompressors.
 *
 * <p>
 * Assumes the stream consists of blocks of literal data and back-references (called copies) in any order. Of course the first block must be a literal block for
 * the scheme to work - unless the {@link #prefill prefill} method has been used to provide initial data that is never returned by {@link #read read} but only
 * used for back-references.
 * </p>
 *
 * <p>
 * Subclasses must override the three-arg {@link #read read} method as the no-arg version delegates to it and the default implementation delegates to the no-arg
 * version, leading to infinite mutual recursion and a {@code StackOverflowError} otherwise.
 * </p>
 *
 * <p>
 * The contract for subclasses' {@code read} implementation is:
 * </p>
 * <ul>
 *
 * <li>keep track of the current state of the stream. Is it inside a literal block or a back-reference or in-between blocks?</li>
 *
 * <li>Use {@link #readOneByte} to access the underlying stream directly.</li>
 *
 * <li>If a new literal block starts, use {@link #startLiteral} to tell this class about it and read the literal data using {@link #readLiteral} until it
 * returns {@code 0}. {@link #hasMoreDataInBlock} will return {@code false} before the next call to {@link #readLiteral} would return {@code 0}.</li>
 *
 * <li>If a new back-reference starts, use {@link #startBackReference} to tell this class about it and read the literal data using {@link #readBackReference}
 * until it returns {@code 0}. {@link #hasMoreDataInBlock} will return {@code false} before the next call to {@link #readBackReference} would return
 * {@code 0}.</li>
 *
 * <li>If the end of the stream has been reached, return {@code -1} as this class' methods will never do so themselves.</li>
 *
 * </ul>
 *
 * <p>
 * {@link #readOneByte} and {@link #readLiteral} update the counter for bytes read.
 * </p>
 *
 * @since 1.14
 */
public abstract class AbstractLZ77CompressorInputStream extends CompressorInputStream implements InputStreamStatistics {

    /** Size of the window - must be bigger than the biggest offset expected. */
    private final int windowSize;

    /**
     * Buffer to write decompressed bytes to for back-references, will be three times windowSize big.
     *
     * <p>
     * Three times so we can slide the whole buffer a windowSize to the left once we've read twice windowSize and still have enough data inside of it to satisfy
     * back-references.
     * </p>
     */
    private final byte[] buf;

    /** One behind the index of the last byte in the buffer that was written, i.e. the next position to write to */
    private int writeIndex;

    /** Index of the next byte to be read. */
    private int readIndex;

    /** The underlying stream to read compressed data from */
    private final BoundedInputStream in;

    /** Number of bytes still to be read from the current literal or back-reference. */
    private long bytesRemaining;

    /** Offset of the current back-reference. */
    private int backReferenceOffset;

    /** Uncompressed size */
    private int size;

    // used in no-arg read method
    private final byte[] oneByte = new byte[1];

    /**
     * Supplier that delegates to {@link #readOneByte}.
     */
    protected final ByteUtils.ByteSupplier supplier = this::readOneByte;

    /**
     * Creates a new LZ77 input stream.
     *
     * @param is         An InputStream to read compressed data from
     * @param windowSize Size of the window kept for back-references, must be bigger than the biggest offset expected.
     *
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if windowSize is not bigger than 0
     */
    public AbstractLZ77CompressorInputStream(final InputStream is, final int windowSize) {
        this.in = BoundedInputStream.builder().setInputStream(is).asSupplier().get();
        if (windowSize <= 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("windowSize must be bigger than 0");
        }
        this.windowSize = windowSize;
        buf = new byte[3 * windowSize];
        writeIndex = readIndex = 0;
        bytesRemaining = 0;
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    @Override
    public int available() {
        return writeIndex - readIndex;
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    @Override
    public void close() throws IOException {
        in.close();
    }

    /**
     * @since 1.17
     */
    @Override
    public long getCompressedCount() {
        return in.getCount();
    }

    /**
     * Gets the uncompressed size of the stream
     *
     * @return the uncompressed size
     */
    public int getSize() {
        return size;
    }

    /**
     * Is there still data remaining inside the current block?
     *
     * @return true if there is still data remaining inside the current block.
     */
    protected final boolean hasMoreDataInBlock() {
        return bytesRemaining > 0;
    }

    /**
     * Adds some initial data to fill the window with.
     *
     * <p>
     * This is used if the stream has been cut into blocks and back-references of one block may refer to data of the previous block(s). One such example is the
     * LZ4 frame format using block dependency.
     * </p>
     *
     * @param data the data to fill the window with.
     * @throws IllegalStateException if the stream has already started to read data
     */
    public void prefill(final byte[] data) {
        if (writeIndex != 0) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("The stream has already been read from, can't prefill anymore");
        }
        // we don't need more data than the big offset could refer to, so cap it
        final int len = Math.min(windowSize, data.length);
        // we need the last data as we are dealing with *back*-references
        System.arraycopy(data, data.length - len, buf, 0, len);
        writeIndex += len;
        readIndex += len;
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    @Override
    public int read() throws IOException {
        return read(oneByte, 0, 1) == -1 ? -1 : oneByte[0] & 0xFF;
    }

    /**
     * Reads data from the current back-reference.
     *
     * @param b   buffer to write data to
     * @param off offset to start writing to
     * @param len maximum amount of data to read
     * @return number of bytes read, may be 0. Will never return -1 as EOF-detection is the responsibility of the subclass
     * @throws NullPointerException      if {@code b} is null
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if {@code off} is negative, {@code len} is negative, or {@code len} is greater than {@code b.length - off}
     */
    protected final int readBackReference(final byte[] b, final int off, final int len) {
        final int avail = available();
        if (len > avail) {
            tryToCopy(len - avail);
        }
        return readFromBuffer(b, off, len);
    }

    private int readFromBuffer(final byte[] b, final int off, final int len) {
        final int readable = Math.min(len, available());
        if (readable > 0) {
            System.arraycopy(buf, readIndex, b, off, readable);
            readIndex += readable;
            if (readIndex > 2 * windowSize) {
                slideBuffer();
            }
        }
        size += readable;
        return readable;
    }

    /**
     * Reads data from the current literal block.
     *
     * @param b   buffer to write data to
     * @param off offset to start writing to
     * @param len maximum amount of data to read
     * @return number of bytes read, may be 0. Will never return -1 as EOF-detection is the responsibility of the subclass
     * @throws IOException               if the underlying stream throws or signals an EOF before the amount of data promised for the block have been read
     * @throws NullPointerException      if {@code b} is null
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if {@code off} is negative, {@code len} is negative, or {@code len} is greater than {@code b.length - off}
     */
    protected final int readLiteral(final byte[] b, final int off, final int len) throws IOException {
        final int avail = available();
        if (len > avail) {
            tryToReadLiteral(len - avail);
        }
        return readFromBuffer(b, off, len);
    }

    /**
     * Reads a single byte from the real input stream and ensures the data is accounted for.
     *
     * @return the byte read as value between 0 and 255 or -1 if EOF has been reached.
     * @throws IOException if the underlying stream throws
     */
    protected final int readOneByte() throws IOException {
        final int b = in.read();
        if (b != -1) {
            count(1);
            return b & 0xFF;
        }
        return -1;
    }

    private void slideBuffer() {
        System.arraycopy(buf, windowSize, buf, 0, windowSize * 2);
        writeIndex -= windowSize;
        readIndex -= windowSize;
    }

    /**
     * Used by subclasses to signal the next block contains a back-reference with the given coordinates.
     *
     * @param offset the offset of the back-reference
     * @param length the length of the back-reference
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if offset not bigger than 0 or bigger than the number of bytes available for back-references or if length is negative
     */
    protected final void startBackReference(final int offset, final long length) {
        if (offset <= 0 || offset > writeIndex) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("offset must be bigger than 0 but not bigger than the number" + " of bytes available for back-references");
        }
        if (length < 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("length must not be negative");
        }
        backReferenceOffset = offset;
        bytesRemaining = length;
    }

    /**
     * Used by subclasses to signal the next block contains the given amount of literal data.
     *
     * @param length the length of the block
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if length is negative
     */
    protected final void startLiteral(final long length) {
        if (length < 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("length must not be negative");
        }
        bytesRemaining = length;
    }

    private void tryToCopy(final int bytesToCopy) {
        // this will fit into the buffer without sliding and not
        // require more than is available inside the back-reference
        final int copy = Math.min((int) Math.min(bytesToCopy, bytesRemaining), buf.length - writeIndex);
        if (copy == 0) {
            // NOP
        } else if (backReferenceOffset == 1) { // pretty common special case
            final byte last = buf[writeIndex - 1];
            Arrays.fill(buf, writeIndex, writeIndex + copy, last);
            writeIndex += copy;
        } else if (copy < backReferenceOffset) {
            System.arraycopy(buf, writeIndex - backReferenceOffset, buf, writeIndex, copy);
            writeIndex += copy;
        } else {
            // back-reference overlaps with the bytes created from it
            // like go back two bytes and then copy six (by copying
            // the last two bytes three time).
            final int fullRots = copy / backReferenceOffset;
            for (int i = 0; i < fullRots; i++) {
                System.arraycopy(buf, writeIndex - backReferenceOffset, buf, writeIndex, backReferenceOffset);
                writeIndex += backReferenceOffset;
            }

            final int pad = copy - backReferenceOffset * fullRots;
            if (pad > 0) {
                System.arraycopy(buf, writeIndex - backReferenceOffset, buf, writeIndex, pad);
                writeIndex += pad;
            }
        }
        bytesRemaining -= copy;
    }

    private void tryToReadLiteral(final int bytesToRead) throws IOException {
        // min of "what is still inside the literal", "what does the user want" and "how much can fit into the buffer"
        final int reallyTryToRead = Math.min((int) Math.min(bytesToRead, bytesRemaining), buf.length - writeIndex);
        final int bytesRead = reallyTryToRead > 0 ? IOUtils.readFully(in, buf, writeIndex, reallyTryToRead) : 0 /* happens for bytesRemaining == 0 */;
        count(bytesRead);
        if (reallyTryToRead != bytesRead) {
            throw new IOException("Premature end of stream reading literal");
        }
        writeIndex += reallyTryToRead;
        bytesRemaining -= reallyTryToRead;
    }
}