/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.commons.configuration2.reloading;

import java.io.File;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;

import org.apache.commons.configuration2.io.FileHandler;
import org.apache.commons.configuration2.io.FileLocatorUtils;

/**
 * <p>
 * A specialized implementation of {@code ReloadingDetector} which monitors a file specified by a {@link FileHandler}.
 * </p>
 * <p>
 * An instance of this class is passed a {@code FileHandler} at construction time. Each time the
 * {@code isReloadingRequired()} method is called, it checks whether the {@code FileHandler} points to a valid location.
 * If this is the case, the file's last modification time is obtained and compared with the last stored time. If it has
 * changed, a reload operation should be performed.
 * </p>
 * <p>
 * Because file I/O may be expensive it is possible to configure a refresh delay as a time in milliseconds. This is the
 * minimum interval between two checks. If the {@code isReloadingRequired()} method is called in shorter intervals, it
 * does not perform a check, but directly returns <b>false</b>.
 * </p>
 * <p>
 * To initialize an instance either {@code isReloadingRequired()} or {@code reloadingPerformed()} can be called. The
 * first call of {@code isReloadingRequired} does not perform a check, but obtains the initial modification date of the
 * monitored file. {@code reloadingPerformed()} always obtains the file's modification date and stores it internally.
 * </p>
 *
 * @since 2.0
 */
public class FileHandlerReloadingDetector implements ReloadingDetector {
    /** Constant for the jar URL protocol. */
    private static final String JAR_PROTOCOL = "jar";

    /** Constant for the default refresh delay. */
    private static final int DEFAULT_REFRESH_DELAY_MILLIS = 5000;

    /** The associated file handler. */
    private final FileHandler fileHandler;

    /** The refresh delay. */
    private final long refreshDelayMillis;

    /** The last time the configuration file was modified. */
    private long lastModifiedMillis;

    /** The last time the file was checked for changes. */
    private long lastCheckedMillis;

    /**
     * Creates a new instance of {@code FileHandlerReloadingDetector} and initializes it with the {@code FileHandler} to
     * monitor and the refresh delay. The handler is directly used, no copy is created. So it is possible to change the
     * location monitored by manipulating the {@code FileHandler} object.
     *
     * @param handler the {@code FileHandler} associated with this detector (can be <b>null</b>)
     * @param refreshDelayMillis the refresh delay; a value of 0 means that a check is performed in all cases
     */
    public FileHandlerReloadingDetector(final FileHandler handler, final long refreshDelayMillis) {
        fileHandler = handler != null ? handler : new FileHandler();
        this.refreshDelayMillis = refreshDelayMillis;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new instance of {@code FileHandlerReloadingDetector} and initializes it with the {@code FileHandler} to
     * monitor and a default refresh delay.
     *
     * @param handler the {@code FileHandler} associated with this detector (can be <b>null</b>)
     */
    public FileHandlerReloadingDetector(final FileHandler handler) {
        this(handler, DEFAULT_REFRESH_DELAY_MILLIS);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new instance of {@code FileHandlerReloadingDetector} with an uninitialized {@code FileHandler} object. The
     * file to be monitored has to be set later by manipulating the handler object returned by {@code getFileHandler()}.
     */
    public FileHandlerReloadingDetector() {
        this(null);
    }

    /**
     * Gets the {@code FileHandler} associated with this object. The underlying handler is directly returned, so changing
     * its location also changes the file monitored by this detector.
     *
     * @return the associated {@code FileHandler}
     */
    public FileHandler getFileHandler() {
        return fileHandler;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the refresh delay. This is a time in milliseconds. The {@code isReloadingRequired()} method first checks
     * whether the time since the previous check is more than this value in the past. Otherwise, no check is performed. This
     * is a means to limit file I/O caused by this class.
     *
     * @return the refresh delay used by this object
     */
    public long getRefreshDelay() {
        return refreshDelayMillis;
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc} This implementation checks whether the associated {@link FileHandler} points to a valid file and
     * whether the last modification time of this time has changed since the last check. The refresh delay is taken into
     * account, too; a check is only performed if at least this time has passed since the last check.
     */
    @Override
    public boolean isReloadingRequired() {
        final long nowMillis = System.currentTimeMillis();
        if (nowMillis >= lastCheckedMillis + getRefreshDelay()) {
            lastCheckedMillis = nowMillis;

            final long modifiedMillis = getLastModificationDate();
            if (modifiedMillis > 0) {
                if (lastModifiedMillis != 0) {
                    return modifiedMillis != lastModifiedMillis;
                }
                // initialization
                updateLastModified(modifiedMillis);
            }
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc} This implementation updates the internally stored last modification date with the current modification
     * date of the monitored file. So the next change is detected when this file is changed again.
     */
    @Override
    public void reloadingPerformed() {
        updateLastModified(getLastModificationDate());
    }

    /**
     * Tells this implementation that the internally stored state should be refreshed. This method is intended to be called
     * after the creation of an instance.
     */
    public void refresh() {
        updateLastModified(getLastModificationDate());
    }

    /**
     * Gets the date of the last modification of the monitored file. A return value of 0 indicates, that the monitored
     * file does not exist.
     *
     * @return the last modification date in milliseconds.
     */
    protected long getLastModificationDate() {
        final File file = getExistingFile();
        return file != null ? file.lastModified() : 0;
    }

    /**
     * Updates the last modification date of the monitored file. The need for a reload is detected only if the file's
     * modification date is different from this value.
     *
     * @param timeMillis the new last modification date
     */
    protected void updateLastModified(final long timeMillis) {
        lastModifiedMillis = timeMillis;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the {@code File} object which is monitored by this object. This method is called every time the file's last
     * modification time is needed. If it returns <b>null</b>, no check is performed. This base implementation obtains the
     * {@code File} from the associated {@code FileHandler}. It can also deal with URLs to jar files.
     *
     * @return the {@code File} to be monitored (can be <b>null</b>)
     */
    protected File getFile() {
        final URL url = getFileHandler().getURL();
        return url != null ? fileFromURL(url) : getFileHandler().getFile();
    }

    /**
     * Gets the monitored {@code File} or <b>null</b> if it does not exist.
     *
     * @return the monitored {@code File} or <b>null</b>
     */
    private File getExistingFile() {
        File file = getFile();
        if (file != null && !file.exists()) {
            file = null;
        }

        return file;
    }

    /**
     * Helper method for transforming a URL into a file object. This method handles file: and jar: URLs.
     *
     * @param url the URL to be converted
     * @return the resulting file or <b>null </b>
     */
    private static File fileFromURL(final URL url) {
        if (JAR_PROTOCOL.equals(url.getProtocol())) {
            final String path = url.getPath();
            try {
                return FileLocatorUtils.fileFromURL(new URL(path.substring(0, path.indexOf('!'))));
            } catch (final MalformedURLException mex) {
                return null;
            }
        }
        return FileLocatorUtils.fileFromURL(url);
    }
}