Triple.java

/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.commons.lang3.tuple;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Objects;

import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.CompareToBuilder;

/**
 * A triple consisting of three elements.
 *
 * <p>This class is an abstract implementation defining the basic API.
 * It refers to the elements as 'left', 'middle' and 'right'.</p>
 *
 * <p>Subclass implementations may be mutable or immutable.
 * However, there is no restriction on the type of the stored objects that may be stored.
 * If mutable objects are stored in the triple, then the triple itself effectively becomes mutable.</p>
 *
 * @param <L> the left element type
 * @param <M> the middle element type
 * @param <R> the right element type
 *
 * @since 3.2
 */
public abstract class Triple<L, M, R> implements Comparable<Triple<L, M, R>>, Serializable {

    /** Serialization version */
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    /**
     * An empty array.
     * <p>
     * Consider using {@link #emptyArray()} to avoid generics warnings.
     * </p>
     *
     * @since 3.10.
     */
    public static final Triple<?, ?, ?>[] EMPTY_ARRAY = {};

    /**
     * Returns the empty array singleton that can be assigned without compiler warning.
     *
     * @param <L> the left element type
     * @param <M> the middle element type
     * @param <R> the right element type
     * @return the empty array singleton that can be assigned without compiler warning.
     *
     * @since 3.10.
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public static <L, M, R> Triple<L, M, R>[] emptyArray() {
        return (Triple<L, M, R>[]) EMPTY_ARRAY;
    }

    /**
     * Obtains an immutable triple of three objects inferring the generic types.
     *
     * <p>This factory allows the triple to be created using inference to
     * obtain the generic types.</p>
     *
     * @param <L> the left element type
     * @param <M> the middle element type
     * @param <R> the right element type
     * @param left  the left element, may be null
     * @param middle the middle element, may be null
     * @param right  the right element, may be null
     * @return a triple formed from the three parameters, not null
     */
    public static <L, M, R> Triple<L, M, R> of(final L left, final M middle, final R right) {
        return ImmutableTriple.of(left, middle, right);
    }

    /**
     * Obtains an immutable triple of three non-null objects inferring the generic types.
     *
     * <p>This factory allows the triple to be created using inference to
     * obtain the generic types.</p>
     *
     * @param <L> the left element type
     * @param <M> the middle element type
     * @param <R> the right element type
     * @param left  the left element, may not be null
     * @param middle  the middle element, may not be null
     * @param right  the right element, may not be null
     * @return a triple formed from the three parameters, not null
     * @throws NullPointerException if any input is null
     * @since 3.13.0
     */
    public static <L, M, R> Triple<L, M, R> ofNonNull(final L left, final M middle, final R right) {
        return ImmutableTriple.ofNonNull(left, middle, right);
    }

    /**
     * Constructs a new instance.
     */
    public Triple() {
        // empty
    }

    /**
     * Compares the triple based on the left element, followed by the middle element,
     * finally the right element.
     * The types must be {@link Comparable}.
     *
     * @param other  the other triple, not null
     * @return negative if this is less, zero if equal, positive if greater
     */
    @Override
    public int compareTo(final Triple<L, M, R> other) {
      return new CompareToBuilder().append(getLeft(), other.getLeft())
          .append(getMiddle(), other.getMiddle())
          .append(getRight(), other.getRight()).toComparison();
    }

    /**
     * Compares this triple to another based on the three elements.
     *
     * @param obj  the object to compare to, null returns false
     * @return true if the elements of the triple are equal
     */
    @Override
    public boolean equals(final Object obj) {
        if (obj == this) {
            return true;
        }
        if (obj instanceof Triple<?, ?, ?>) {
            final Triple<?, ?, ?> other = (Triple<?, ?, ?>) obj;
            return Objects.equals(getLeft(), other.getLeft())
                && Objects.equals(getMiddle(), other.getMiddle())
                && Objects.equals(getRight(), other.getRight());
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the left element from this triple.
     *
     * @return the left element, may be null
     */
    public abstract L getLeft();

    /**
     * Gets the middle element from this triple.
     *
     * @return the middle element, may be null
     */
    public abstract M getMiddle();

    /**
     * Gets the right element from this triple.
     *
     * @return the right element, may be null
     */
    public abstract R getRight();

    /**
     * Returns a suitable hash code.
     *
     * @return the hash code
     */
    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return Objects.hashCode(getLeft()) ^ Objects.hashCode(getMiddle()) ^ Objects.hashCode(getRight());
    }

    /**
     * Returns a String representation of this triple using the format {@code ($left,$middle,$right)}.
     *
     * @return a string describing this object, not null
     */
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "(" + getLeft() + "," + getMiddle() + "," + getRight() + ")";
    }

    /**
     * Formats the receiver using the given format.
     *
     * <p>This uses {@link java.util.Formattable} to perform the formatting. Three variables may
     * be used to embed the left and right elements. Use {@code %1$s} for the left
     * element, {@code %2$s} for the middle and {@code %3$s} for the right element.
     * The default format used by {@code toString()} is {@code (%1$s,%2$s,%3$s)}.</p>
     *
     * @param format  the format string, optionally containing {@code %1$s}, {@code %2$s} and {@code %3$s}, not null
     * @return the formatted string, not null
     */
    public String toString(final String format) {
        return String.format(format, getLeft(), getMiddle(), getRight());
    }

}