001    /*
002     * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
003     * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
004     * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
005     * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
006     * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
007     * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
008     * 
009     *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
010     * 
011     * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
012     * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
013     * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
014     * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
015     * limitations under the License.
016     */
017    package org.apache.commons.lang3.time;
018    
019    import java.text.ParseException;
020    import java.text.ParsePosition;
021    import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
022    import java.util.Calendar;
023    import java.util.Date;
024    import java.util.Iterator;
025    import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
026    import java.util.TimeZone;
027    
028    /**
029     * <p>A suite of utilities surrounding the use of the
030     * {@link java.util.Calendar} and {@link java.util.Date} object.</p>
031     * 
032     * <p>DateUtils contains a lot of common methods considering manipulations
033     * of Dates or Calendars. Some methods require some extra explanation.
034     * The truncate, ceiling and round methods could be considered the Math.floor(),
035     * Math.ceil() or Math.round versions for dates
036     * This way date-fields will be ignored in bottom-up order.
037     * As a complement to these methods we've introduced some fragment-methods.
038     * With these methods the Date-fields will be ignored in top-down order.
039     * Since a date without a year is not a valid date, you have to decide in what
040     * kind of date-field you want your result, for instance milliseconds or days.
041     * </p>
042     *   
043     *   
044     *
045     * @author Apache Software Foundation
046     * @author <a href="mailto:sergek@lokitech.com">Serge Knystautas</a>
047     * @author Janek Bogucki
048     * @author <a href="mailto:ggregory@seagullsw.com">Gary Gregory</a>
049     * @author Phil Steitz
050     * @author Robert Scholte
051     * @author Paul Benedict
052     * @since 2.0
053     * @version $Id: DateUtils.java 963601 2010-07-13 05:17:48Z bayard $
054     */
055    public class DateUtils {
056        
057        /**
058         * The UTC time zone  (often referred to as GMT).
059         */
060        public static final TimeZone UTC_TIME_ZONE = TimeZone.getTimeZone("GMT");
061        /**
062         * Number of milliseconds in a standard second.
063         * @since 2.1
064         */
065        public static final long MILLIS_PER_SECOND = 1000;
066        /**
067         * Number of milliseconds in a standard minute.
068         * @since 2.1
069         */
070        public static final long MILLIS_PER_MINUTE = 60 * MILLIS_PER_SECOND;
071        /**
072         * Number of milliseconds in a standard hour.
073         * @since 2.1
074         */
075        public static final long MILLIS_PER_HOUR = 60 * MILLIS_PER_MINUTE;
076        /**
077         * Number of milliseconds in a standard day.
078         * @since 2.1
079         */
080        public static final long MILLIS_PER_DAY = 24 * MILLIS_PER_HOUR;
081    
082        /**
083         * This is half a month, so this represents whether a date is in the top
084         * or bottom half of the month.
085         */
086        public final static int SEMI_MONTH = 1001;
087    
088        private static final int[][] fields = {
089                {Calendar.MILLISECOND},
090                {Calendar.SECOND},
091                {Calendar.MINUTE},
092                {Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, Calendar.HOUR},
093                {Calendar.DATE, Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, Calendar.AM_PM 
094                    /* Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR, Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK, Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH */
095                },
096                {Calendar.MONTH, DateUtils.SEMI_MONTH},
097                {Calendar.YEAR},
098                {Calendar.ERA}};
099    
100        /**
101         * A week range, starting on Sunday.
102         */
103        public final static int RANGE_WEEK_SUNDAY = 1;
104    
105        /**
106         * A week range, starting on Monday.
107         */
108        public final static int RANGE_WEEK_MONDAY = 2;
109    
110        /**
111         * A week range, starting on the day focused.
112         */
113        public final static int RANGE_WEEK_RELATIVE = 3;
114    
115        /**
116         * A week range, centered around the day focused.
117         */
118        public final static int RANGE_WEEK_CENTER = 4;
119    
120        /**
121         * A month range, the week starting on Sunday.
122         */
123        public final static int RANGE_MONTH_SUNDAY = 5;
124    
125        /**
126         * A month range, the week starting on Monday.
127         */
128        public final static int RANGE_MONTH_MONDAY = 6;
129        
130        /**
131         * Constant marker for truncating 
132         * @since 3.0
133         */
134        public final static int MODIFY_TRUNCATE = 0;
135    
136        /**
137         * Constant marker for rounding
138         * @since 3.0
139         */
140        public final static int MODIFY_ROUND = 1;
141        
142        /**
143         * Constant marker for ceiling
144         * @since 3.0
145         */
146        public final static int MODIFY_CEILING= 2;
147        
148    
149        /**
150         * <p><code>DateUtils</code> instances should NOT be constructed in
151         * standard programming. Instead, the class should be used as
152         * <code>DateUtils.parse(str);</code>.</p>
153         *
154         * <p>This constructor is public to permit tools that require a JavaBean
155         * instance to operate.</p>
156         */
157        public DateUtils() {
158            super();
159        }
160    
161        //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
162        /**
163         * <p>Checks if two date objects are on the same day ignoring time.</p>
164         *
165         * <p>28 Mar 2002 13:45 and 28 Mar 2002 06:01 would return true.
166         * 28 Mar 2002 13:45 and 12 Mar 2002 13:45 would return false.
167         * </p>
168         * 
169         * @param date1  the first date, not altered, not null
170         * @param date2  the second date, not altered, not null
171         * @return true if they represent the same day
172         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if either date is <code>null</code>
173         * @since 2.1
174         */
175        public static boolean isSameDay(Date date1, Date date2) {
176            if (date1 == null || date2 == null) {
177                throw new IllegalArgumentException("The date must not be null");
178            }
179            Calendar cal1 = Calendar.getInstance();
180            cal1.setTime(date1);
181            Calendar cal2 = Calendar.getInstance();
182            cal2.setTime(date2);
183            return isSameDay(cal1, cal2);
184        }
185    
186        /**
187         * <p>Checks if two calendar objects are on the same day ignoring time.</p>
188         *
189         * <p>28 Mar 2002 13:45 and 28 Mar 2002 06:01 would return true.
190         * 28 Mar 2002 13:45 and 12 Mar 2002 13:45 would return false.
191         * </p>
192         * 
193         * @param cal1  the first calendar, not altered, not null
194         * @param cal2  the second calendar, not altered, not null
195         * @return true if they represent the same day
196         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if either calendar is <code>null</code>
197         * @since 2.1
198         */
199        public static boolean isSameDay(Calendar cal1, Calendar cal2) {
200            if (cal1 == null || cal2 == null) {
201                throw new IllegalArgumentException("The date must not be null");
202            }
203            return (cal1.get(Calendar.ERA) == cal2.get(Calendar.ERA) &&
204                    cal1.get(Calendar.YEAR) == cal2.get(Calendar.YEAR) &&
205                    cal1.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR) == cal2.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR));
206        }
207    
208        //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
209        /**
210         * <p>Checks if two date objects represent the same instant in time.</p>
211         *
212         * <p>This method compares the long millisecond time of the two objects.</p>
213         * 
214         * @param date1  the first date, not altered, not null
215         * @param date2  the second date, not altered, not null
216         * @return true if they represent the same millisecond instant
217         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if either date is <code>null</code>
218         * @since 2.1
219         */
220        public static boolean isSameInstant(Date date1, Date date2) {
221            if (date1 == null || date2 == null) {
222                throw new IllegalArgumentException("The date must not be null");
223            }
224            return date1.getTime() == date2.getTime();
225        }
226    
227        /**
228         * <p>Checks if two calendar objects represent the same instant in time.</p>
229         *
230         * <p>This method compares the long millisecond time of the two objects.</p>
231         * 
232         * @param cal1  the first calendar, not altered, not null
233         * @param cal2  the second calendar, not altered, not null
234         * @return true if they represent the same millisecond instant
235         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if either date is <code>null</code>
236         * @since 2.1
237         */
238        public static boolean isSameInstant(Calendar cal1, Calendar cal2) {
239            if (cal1 == null || cal2 == null) {
240                throw new IllegalArgumentException("The date must not be null");
241            }
242            return cal1.getTime().getTime() == cal2.getTime().getTime();
243        }
244    
245        //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
246        /**
247         * <p>Checks if two calendar objects represent the same local time.</p>
248         *
249         * <p>This method compares the values of the fields of the two objects.
250         * In addition, both calendars must be the same of the same type.</p>
251         * 
252         * @param cal1  the first calendar, not altered, not null
253         * @param cal2  the second calendar, not altered, not null
254         * @return true if they represent the same millisecond instant
255         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if either date is <code>null</code>
256         * @since 2.1
257         */
258        public static boolean isSameLocalTime(Calendar cal1, Calendar cal2) {
259            if (cal1 == null || cal2 == null) {
260                throw new IllegalArgumentException("The date must not be null");
261            }
262            return (cal1.get(Calendar.MILLISECOND) == cal2.get(Calendar.MILLISECOND) &&
263                    cal1.get(Calendar.SECOND) == cal2.get(Calendar.SECOND) &&
264                    cal1.get(Calendar.MINUTE) == cal2.get(Calendar.MINUTE) &&
265                    cal1.get(Calendar.HOUR) == cal2.get(Calendar.HOUR) &&
266                    cal1.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR) == cal2.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR) &&
267                    cal1.get(Calendar.YEAR) == cal2.get(Calendar.YEAR) &&
268                    cal1.get(Calendar.ERA) == cal2.get(Calendar.ERA) &&
269                    cal1.getClass() == cal2.getClass());
270        }
271    
272        //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
273        /**
274         * <p>Parses a string representing a date by trying a variety of different parsers.</p>
275         * 
276         * <p>The parse will try each parse pattern in turn.
277         * A parse is only deemed successful if it parses the whole of the input string.
278         * If no parse patterns match, a ParseException is thrown.</p>
279         * The parser will be lenient toward the parsed date.
280         * 
281         * @param str  the date to parse, not null
282         * @param parsePatterns  the date format patterns to use, see SimpleDateFormat, not null
283         * @return the parsed date
284         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the date string or pattern array is null
285         * @throws ParseException if none of the date patterns were suitable (or there were none)
286         */
287        public static Date parseDate(String str, String... parsePatterns) throws ParseException {
288            return parseDateWithLeniency(str, parsePatterns, true);
289        }
290        
291      //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
292        /**
293         * <p>Parses a string representing a date by trying a variety of different parsers.</p>
294         * 
295         * <p>The parse will try each parse pattern in turn.
296         * A parse is only deemed successful if it parses the whole of the input string.
297         * If no parse patterns match, a ParseException is thrown.</p>
298         * The parser parses strictly - it does not allow for dates such as "February 942, 1996". 
299         * 
300         * @param str  the date to parse, not null
301         * @param parsePatterns  the date format patterns to use, see SimpleDateFormat, not null
302         * @return the parsed date
303         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the date string or pattern array is null
304         * @throws ParseException if none of the date patterns were suitable
305         * @since 2.5
306         */
307        public static Date parseDateStrictly(String str, String... parsePatterns) throws ParseException {
308            return parseDateWithLeniency(str, parsePatterns, false);
309        }
310    
311        /**
312         * <p>Parses a string representing a date by trying a variety of different parsers.</p>
313         * 
314         * <p>The parse will try each parse pattern in turn.
315         * A parse is only deemed successful if it parses the whole of the input string.
316         * If no parse patterns match, a ParseException is thrown.</p>
317         * 
318         * @param str  the date to parse, not null
319         * @param parsePatterns  the date format patterns to use, see SimpleDateFormat, not null
320         * @param lenient Specify whether or not date/time parsing is to be lenient.
321         * @return the parsed date
322         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the date string or pattern array is null
323         * @throws ParseException if none of the date patterns were suitable
324         * @see java.util.Calender#isLenient()
325         */
326        private static Date parseDateWithLeniency(String str, String[] parsePatterns,
327                boolean lenient) throws ParseException {
328            if (str == null || parsePatterns == null) {
329                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Date and Patterns must not be null");
330            }
331            
332            SimpleDateFormat parser = new SimpleDateFormat();
333            parser.setLenient(lenient);
334            ParsePosition pos = new ParsePosition(0);
335            for (int i = 0; i < parsePatterns.length; i++) {
336    
337                String pattern = parsePatterns[i];
338    
339                // LANG-530 - need to make sure 'ZZ' output doesn't get passed to SimpleDateFormat
340                if (parsePatterns[i].endsWith("ZZ")) {
341                    pattern = pattern.substring(0, pattern.length() - 1);
342                }
343                
344                parser.applyPattern(pattern);
345                pos.setIndex(0);
346    
347                String str2 = str;
348                // LANG-530 - need to make sure 'ZZ' output doesn't hit SimpleDateFormat as it will ParseException
349                if (parsePatterns[i].endsWith("ZZ")) {
350                    str2 = str.replaceAll("([-+][0-9][0-9]):([0-9][0-9])$", "$1$2"); 
351                }
352    
353                Date date = parser.parse(str2, pos);
354                if (date != null && pos.getIndex() == str2.length()) {
355                    return date;
356                }
357            }
358            throw new ParseException("Unable to parse the date: " + str, -1);
359        }
360    
361        //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
362        /**
363         * Adds a number of years to a date returning a new object.
364         * The original date object is unchanged.
365         *
366         * @param date  the date, not null
367         * @param amount  the amount to add, may be negative
368         * @return the new date object with the amount added
369         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the date is null
370         */
371        public static Date addYears(Date date, int amount) {
372            return add(date, Calendar.YEAR, amount);
373        }
374    
375        //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
376        /**
377         * Adds a number of months to a date returning a new object.
378         * The original date object is unchanged.
379         *
380         * @param date  the date, not null
381         * @param amount  the amount to add, may be negative
382         * @return the new date object with the amount added
383         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the date is null
384         */
385        public static Date addMonths(Date date, int amount) {
386            return add(date, Calendar.MONTH, amount);
387        }
388    
389        //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
390        /**
391         * Adds a number of weeks to a date returning a new object.
392         * The original date object is unchanged.
393         *
394         * @param date  the date, not null
395         * @param amount  the amount to add, may be negative
396         * @return the new date object with the amount added
397         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the date is null
398         */
399        public static Date addWeeks(Date date, int amount) {
400            return add(date, Calendar.WEEK_OF_YEAR, amount);
401        }
402    
403        //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
404        /**
405         * Adds a number of days to a date returning a new object.
406         * The original date object is unchanged.
407         *
408         * @param date  the date, not null
409         * @param amount  the amount to add, may be negative
410         * @return the new date object with the amount added
411         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the date is null
412         */
413        public static Date addDays(Date date, int amount) {
414            return add(date, Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, amount);
415        }
416    
417        //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
418        /**
419         * Adds a number of hours to a date returning a new object.
420         * The original date object is unchanged.
421         *
422         * @param date  the date, not null
423         * @param amount  the amount to add, may be negative
424         * @return the new date object with the amount added
425         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the date is null
426         */
427        public static Date addHours(Date date, int amount) {
428            return add(date, Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, amount);
429        }
430    
431        //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
432        /**
433         * Adds a number of minutes to a date returning a new object.
434         * The original date object is unchanged.
435         *
436         * @param date  the date, not null
437         * @param amount  the amount to add, may be negative
438         * @return the new date object with the amount added
439         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the date is null
440         */
441        public static Date addMinutes(Date date, int amount) {
442            return add(date, Calendar.MINUTE, amount);
443        }
444    
445        //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
446        /**
447         * Adds a number of seconds to a date returning a new object.
448         * The original date object is unchanged.
449         *
450         * @param date  the date, not null
451         * @param amount  the amount to add, may be negative
452         * @return the new date object with the amount added
453         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the date is null
454         */
455        public static Date addSeconds(Date date, int amount) {
456            return add(date, Calendar.SECOND, amount);
457        }
458    
459        //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
460        /**
461         * Adds a number of milliseconds to a date returning a new object.
462         * The original date object is unchanged.
463         *
464         * @param date  the date, not null
465         * @param amount  the amount to add, may be negative
466         * @return the new date object with the amount added
467         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the date is null
468         */
469        public static Date addMilliseconds(Date date, int amount) {
470            return add(date, Calendar.MILLISECOND, amount);
471        }
472    
473        //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
474        /**
475         * Adds to a date returning a new object.
476         * The original date object is unchanged.
477         *
478         * @param date  the date, not null
479         * @param calendarField  the calendar field to add to
480         * @param amount  the amount to add, may be negative
481         * @return the new date object with the amount added
482         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the date is null
483         */
484        private static Date add(Date date, int calendarField, int amount) {
485            if (date == null) {
486                throw new IllegalArgumentException("The date must not be null");
487            }
488            Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance();
489            c.setTime(date);
490            c.add(calendarField, amount);
491            return c.getTime();
492        }
493        
494        //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
495        /**
496         * Sets the years field to a date returning a new object.
497         * The original date object is unchanged.
498         *
499         * @param date  the date, not null
500         * @param amount the amount to set
501         * @return a new Date object set with the specified value
502         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the date is null
503         * @since 2.4
504         */
505        public static Date setYears(Date date, int amount) {
506            return set(date, Calendar.YEAR, amount);
507        }
508    
509        //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
510        /**
511         * Sets the months field to a date returning a new object.
512         * The original date object is unchanged.
513         *
514         * @param date  the date, not null
515         * @param amount the amount to set
516         * @return a new Date object set with the specified value
517         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the date is null
518         * @since 2.4
519         */
520        public static Date setMonths(Date date, int amount) {
521            return set(date, Calendar.MONTH, amount);
522        }
523    
524        //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
525        /**
526         * Sets the day of month field to a date returning a new object.
527         * The original date object is unchanged.
528         *
529         * @param date  the date, not null
530         * @param amount the amount to set
531         * @return a new Date object set with the specified value
532         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the date is null
533         * @since 2.4
534         */
535        public static Date setDays(Date date, int amount) {
536            return set(date, Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, amount);
537        }
538    
539        //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
540        /**
541         * Sets the hours field to a date returning a new object.  Hours range 
542         * from  0-23.
543         * The original date object is unchanged.
544         *
545         * @param date  the date, not null
546         * @param amount the amount to set
547         * @return a new Date object set with the specified value
548         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the date is null
549         * @since 2.4
550         */
551        public static Date setHours(Date date, int amount) {
552            return set(date, Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, amount);
553        }
554    
555        //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
556        /**
557         * Sets the minute field to a date returning a new object.
558         * The original date object is unchanged.
559         *
560         * @param date  the date, not null
561         * @param amount the amount to set
562         * @return a new Date object set with the specified value
563         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the date is null
564         * @since 2.4
565         */
566        public static Date setMinutes(Date date, int amount) {
567            return set(date, Calendar.MINUTE, amount);
568        }
569        
570        //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
571        /**
572         * Sets the seconds field to a date returning a new object.
573         * The original date object is unchanged.
574         *
575         * @param date  the date, not null
576         * @param amount the amount to set
577         * @return a new Date object set with the specified value
578         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the date is null
579         * @since 2.4
580         */
581        public static Date setSeconds(Date date, int amount) {
582            return set(date, Calendar.SECOND, amount);
583        }
584    
585        //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
586        /**
587         * Sets the miliseconds field to a date returning a new object.
588         * The original date object is unchanged.
589         *
590         * @param date  the date, not null
591         * @param amount the amount to set
592         * @return a new Date object set with the specified value
593         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the date is null
594         * @since 2.4
595         */
596        public static Date setMilliseconds(Date date, int amount) {
597            return set(date, Calendar.MILLISECOND, amount);
598        } 
599        
600        //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
601        /**
602         * Sets the specified field to a date returning a new object.  
603         * This does not use a lenient calendar.
604         * The original date object is unchanged.
605         *
606         * @param date  the date, not null
607         * @param calendarField  the calendar field to set the amount to
608         * @param amount the amount to set
609         * @return a new Date object set with the specified value
610         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the date is null
611         * @since 2.4
612         */
613        private static Date set(Date date, int calendarField, int amount) {
614            if (date == null) {
615                throw new IllegalArgumentException("The date must not be null");
616            }
617            // getInstance() returns a new object, so this method is thread safe.
618            Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance();
619            c.setLenient(false);
620            c.setTime(date);
621            c.set(calendarField, amount);
622            return c.getTime();
623        }   
624    
625        //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
626        /**
627         * Convert a Date into a Calendar object. 
628         * 
629         * @param date the date to convert to a Calendar
630         * @return the created Calendar
631         * @throws NullPointerException if null is passed in
632         */
633        public static Calendar toCalendar(Date date) {
634            Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance();
635            c.setTime(date);
636            return c;
637        }
638        
639        //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
640        /**
641         * <p>Round this date, leaving the field specified as the most
642         * significant field.</p>
643         *
644         * <p>For example, if you had the datetime of 28 Mar 2002
645         * 13:45:01.231, if this was passed with HOUR, it would return
646         * 28 Mar 2002 14:00:00.000. If this was passed with MONTH, it
647         * would return 1 April 2002 0:00:00.000.</p>
648         * 
649         * <p>For a date in a timezone that handles the change to daylight
650         * saving time, rounding to Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY will behave as follows.
651         * Suppose daylight saving time begins at 02:00 on March 30. Rounding a 
652         * date that crosses this time would produce the following values:
653         * <ul>
654         * <li>March 30, 2003 01:10 rounds to March 30, 2003 01:00</li>
655         * <li>March 30, 2003 01:40 rounds to March 30, 2003 03:00</li>
656         * <li>March 30, 2003 02:10 rounds to March 30, 2003 03:00</li>
657         * <li>March 30, 2003 02:40 rounds to March 30, 2003 04:00</li>
658         * </ul>
659         * </p>
660         * 
661         * @param date  the date to work with
662         * @param field  the field from <code>Calendar</code>
663         *  or <code>SEMI_MONTH</code>
664         * @return the rounded date
665         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the date is <code>null</code>
666         * @throws ArithmeticException if the year is over 280 million
667         */
668        public static Date round(Date date, int field) {
669            if (date == null) {
670                throw new IllegalArgumentException("The date must not be null");
671            }
672            Calendar gval = Calendar.getInstance();
673            gval.setTime(date);
674            modify(gval, field, MODIFY_ROUND);
675            return gval.getTime();
676        }
677    
678        /**
679         * <p>Round this date, leaving the field specified as the most
680         * significant field.</p>
681         *
682         * <p>For example, if you had the datetime of 28 Mar 2002
683         * 13:45:01.231, if this was passed with HOUR, it would return
684         * 28 Mar 2002 14:00:00.000. If this was passed with MONTH, it
685         * would return 1 April 2002 0:00:00.000.</p>
686         * 
687         * <p>For a date in a timezone that handles the change to daylight
688         * saving time, rounding to Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY will behave as follows.
689         * Suppose daylight saving time begins at 02:00 on March 30. Rounding a 
690         * date that crosses this time would produce the following values:
691         * <ul>
692         * <li>March 30, 2003 01:10 rounds to March 30, 2003 01:00</li>
693         * <li>March 30, 2003 01:40 rounds to March 30, 2003 03:00</li>
694         * <li>March 30, 2003 02:10 rounds to March 30, 2003 03:00</li>
695         * <li>March 30, 2003 02:40 rounds to March 30, 2003 04:00</li>
696         * </ul>
697         * </p>
698         * 
699         * @param date  the date to work with
700         * @param field  the field from <code>Calendar</code>
701         *  or <code>SEMI_MONTH</code>
702         * @return the rounded date (a different object)
703         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the date is <code>null</code>
704         * @throws ArithmeticException if the year is over 280 million
705         */
706        public static Calendar round(Calendar date, int field) {
707            if (date == null) {
708                throw new IllegalArgumentException("The date must not be null");
709            }
710            Calendar rounded = (Calendar) date.clone();
711            modify(rounded, field, MODIFY_ROUND);
712            return rounded;
713        }
714    
715        /**
716         * <p>Round this date, leaving the field specified as the most
717         * significant field.</p>
718         *
719         * <p>For example, if you had the datetime of 28 Mar 2002
720         * 13:45:01.231, if this was passed with HOUR, it would return
721         * 28 Mar 2002 14:00:00.000. If this was passed with MONTH, it
722         * would return 1 April 2002 0:00:00.000.</p>
723         * 
724         * <p>For a date in a timezone that handles the change to daylight
725         * saving time, rounding to Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY will behave as follows.
726         * Suppose daylight saving time begins at 02:00 on March 30. Rounding a 
727         * date that crosses this time would produce the following values:
728         * <ul>
729         * <li>March 30, 2003 01:10 rounds to March 30, 2003 01:00</li>
730         * <li>March 30, 2003 01:40 rounds to March 30, 2003 03:00</li>
731         * <li>March 30, 2003 02:10 rounds to March 30, 2003 03:00</li>
732         * <li>March 30, 2003 02:40 rounds to March 30, 2003 04:00</li>
733         * </ul>
734         * </p>
735         * 
736         * @param date  the date to work with, either Date or Calendar
737         * @param field  the field from <code>Calendar</code>
738         *  or <code>SEMI_MONTH</code>
739         * @return the rounded date
740         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the date is <code>null</code>
741         * @throws ClassCastException if the object type is not a <code>Date</code>
742         *  or <code>Calendar</code>
743         * @throws ArithmeticException if the year is over 280 million
744         */
745        public static Date round(Object date, int field) {
746            if (date == null) {
747                throw new IllegalArgumentException("The date must not be null");
748            }
749            if (date instanceof Date) {
750                return round((Date) date, field);
751            } else if (date instanceof Calendar) {
752                return round((Calendar) date, field).getTime();
753            } else {
754                throw new ClassCastException("Could not round " + date);
755            }
756        }
757    
758        //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
759        /**
760         * <p>Truncate this date, leaving the field specified as the most
761         * significant field.</p>
762         *
763         * <p>For example, if you had the datetime of 28 Mar 2002
764         * 13:45:01.231, if you passed with HOUR, it would return 28 Mar
765         * 2002 13:00:00.000.  If this was passed with MONTH, it would
766         * return 1 Mar 2002 0:00:00.000.</p>
767         * 
768         * @param date  the date to work with
769         * @param field  the field from <code>Calendar</code>
770         *  or <code>SEMI_MONTH</code>
771         * @return the rounded date
772         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the date is <code>null</code>
773         * @throws ArithmeticException if the year is over 280 million
774         */
775        public static Date truncate(Date date, int field) {
776            if (date == null) {
777                throw new IllegalArgumentException("The date must not be null");
778            }
779            Calendar gval = Calendar.getInstance();
780            gval.setTime(date);
781            modify(gval, field, MODIFY_TRUNCATE);
782            return gval.getTime();
783        }
784    
785        /**
786         * <p>Truncate this date, leaving the field specified as the most
787         * significant field.</p>
788         *
789         * <p>For example, if you had the datetime of 28 Mar 2002
790         * 13:45:01.231, if you passed with HOUR, it would return 28 Mar
791         * 2002 13:00:00.000.  If this was passed with MONTH, it would
792         * return 1 Mar 2002 0:00:00.000.</p>
793         * 
794         * @param date  the date to work with
795         * @param field  the field from <code>Calendar</code>
796         *  or <code>SEMI_MONTH</code>
797         * @return the rounded date (a different object)
798         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the date is <code>null</code>
799         * @throws ArithmeticException if the year is over 280 million
800         */
801        public static Calendar truncate(Calendar date, int field) {
802            if (date == null) {
803                throw new IllegalArgumentException("The date must not be null");
804            }
805            Calendar truncated = (Calendar) date.clone();
806            modify(truncated, field, MODIFY_TRUNCATE);
807            return truncated;
808        }
809    
810        /**
811         * <p>Truncate this date, leaving the field specified as the most
812         * significant field.</p>
813         *
814         * <p>For example, if you had the datetime of 28 Mar 2002
815         * 13:45:01.231, if you passed with HOUR, it would return 28 Mar
816         * 2002 13:00:00.000.  If this was passed with MONTH, it would
817         * return 1 Mar 2002 0:00:00.000.</p>
818         * 
819         * @param date  the date to work with, either <code>Date</code>
820         *  or <code>Calendar</code>
821         * @param field  the field from <code>Calendar</code>
822         *  or <code>SEMI_MONTH</code>
823         * @return the rounded date
824         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the date
825         *  is <code>null</code>
826         * @throws ClassCastException if the object type is not a
827         *  <code>Date</code> or <code>Calendar</code>
828         * @throws ArithmeticException if the year is over 280 million
829         */
830        public static Date truncate(Object date, int field) {
831            if (date == null) {
832                throw new IllegalArgumentException("The date must not be null");
833            }
834            if (date instanceof Date) {
835                return truncate((Date) date, field);
836            } else if (date instanceof Calendar) {
837                return truncate((Calendar) date, field).getTime();
838            } else {
839                throw new ClassCastException("Could not truncate " + date);
840            }
841        }
842        
843      //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
844        /**
845         * <p>Ceil this date, leaving the field specified as the most
846         * significant field.</p>
847         *
848         * <p>For example, if you had the datetime of 28 Mar 2002
849         * 13:45:01.231, if you passed with HOUR, it would return 28 Mar
850         * 2002 13:00:00.000.  If this was passed with MONTH, it would
851         * return 1 Mar 2002 0:00:00.000.</p>
852         * 
853         * @param date  the date to work with
854         * @param field  the field from <code>Calendar</code>
855         *  or <code>SEMI_MONTH</code>
856         * @return the rounded date
857         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the date is <code>null</code>
858         * @throws ArithmeticException if the year is over 280 million
859         * @since 2.5
860         */
861        public static Date ceiling(Date date, int field) {
862            if (date == null) {
863                throw new IllegalArgumentException("The date must not be null");
864            }
865            Calendar gval = Calendar.getInstance();
866            gval.setTime(date);
867            modify(gval, field, MODIFY_CEILING);
868            return gval.getTime();
869        }
870    
871        /**
872         * <p>Ceil this date, leaving the field specified as the most
873         * significant field.</p>
874         *
875         * <p>For example, if you had the datetime of 28 Mar 2002
876         * 13:45:01.231, if you passed with HOUR, it would return 28 Mar
877         * 2002 13:00:00.000.  If this was passed with MONTH, it would
878         * return 1 Mar 2002 0:00:00.000.</p>
879         * 
880         * @param date  the date to work with
881         * @param field  the field from <code>Calendar</code>
882         *  or <code>SEMI_MONTH</code>
883         * @return the rounded date (a different object)
884         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the date is <code>null</code>
885         * @throws ArithmeticException if the year is over 280 million
886         * @since 2.5
887         */
888        public static Calendar ceiling(Calendar date, int field) {
889            if (date == null) {
890                throw new IllegalArgumentException("The date must not be null");
891            }
892            Calendar ceiled = (Calendar) date.clone();
893            modify(ceiled, field, MODIFY_CEILING);
894            return ceiled;
895        }
896    
897        /**
898         * <p>Ceil this date, leaving the field specified as the most
899         * significant field.</p>
900         *
901         * <p>For example, if you had the datetime of 28 Mar 2002
902         * 13:45:01.231, if you passed with HOUR, it would return 28 Mar
903         * 2002 13:00:00.000.  If this was passed with MONTH, it would
904         * return 1 Mar 2002 0:00:00.000.</p>
905         * 
906         * @param date  the date to work with, either <code>Date</code>
907         *  or <code>Calendar</code>
908         * @param field  the field from <code>Calendar</code>
909         *  or <code>SEMI_MONTH</code>
910         * @return the rounded date
911         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the date
912         *  is <code>null</code>
913         * @throws ClassCastException if the object type is not a
914         *  <code>Date</code> or <code>Calendar</code>
915         * @throws ArithmeticException if the year is over 280 million
916         * @since 2.5
917         */
918        public static Date ceiling(Object date, int field) {
919            if (date == null) {
920                throw new IllegalArgumentException("The date must not be null");
921            }
922            if (date instanceof Date) {
923                return ceiling((Date) date, field);
924            } else if (date instanceof Calendar) {
925                return ceiling((Calendar) date, field).getTime();
926            } else {
927                throw new ClassCastException("Could not find ceiling of for type: " + date.getClass());
928            }
929        }
930    
931        //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
932        /**
933         * <p>Internal calculation method.</p>
934         * 
935         * @param val  the calendar
936         * @param field  the field constant
937         * @param modType  type to truncate, round or ceiling
938         * @throws ArithmeticException if the year is over 280 million
939         */
940        private static void modify(Calendar val, int field, int modType) {
941            if (val.get(Calendar.YEAR) > 280000000) {
942                throw new ArithmeticException("Calendar value too large for accurate calculations");
943            }
944            
945            if (field == Calendar.MILLISECOND) {
946                return;
947            }
948    
949            // ----------------- Fix for LANG-59 ---------------------- START ---------------
950            // see http://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/LANG-59
951            //
952            // Manually truncate milliseconds, seconds and minutes, rather than using
953            // Calendar methods.
954    
955            Date date = val.getTime();
956            long time = date.getTime();
957            boolean done = false;
958    
959            // truncate milliseconds
960            int millisecs = val.get(Calendar.MILLISECOND);
961            if (MODIFY_TRUNCATE == modType || millisecs < 500) {
962                time = time - millisecs;
963            }
964            if (field == Calendar.SECOND) {
965                done = true;
966            }
967    
968            // truncate seconds
969            int seconds = val.get(Calendar.SECOND);
970            if (!done && (MODIFY_TRUNCATE == modType || seconds < 30)) {
971                time = time - (seconds * 1000L);
972            }
973            if (field == Calendar.MINUTE) {
974                done = true;
975            }
976    
977            // truncate minutes
978            int minutes = val.get(Calendar.MINUTE);
979            if (!done && (MODIFY_TRUNCATE == modType || minutes < 30)) {
980                time = time - (minutes * 60000L);
981            }
982    
983            // reset time
984            if (date.getTime() != time) {
985                date.setTime(time);
986                val.setTime(date);
987            }
988            // ----------------- Fix for LANG-59 ----------------------- END ----------------
989    
990            boolean roundUp = false;
991            for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {
992                for (int j = 0; j < fields[i].length; j++) {
993                    if (fields[i][j] == field) {
994                        //This is our field... we stop looping
995                        if (modType == MODIFY_CEILING || (modType == MODIFY_ROUND && roundUp)) {
996                            if (field == DateUtils.SEMI_MONTH) {
997                                //This is a special case that's hard to generalize
998                                //If the date is 1, we round up to 16, otherwise
999                                //  we subtract 15 days and add 1 month
1000                                if (val.get(Calendar.DATE) == 1) {
1001                                    val.add(Calendar.DATE, 15);
1002                                } else {
1003                                    val.add(Calendar.DATE, -15);
1004                                    val.add(Calendar.MONTH, 1);
1005                                }
1006    // ----------------- Fix for LANG-440 ---------------------- START ---------------
1007                            } else if (field == Calendar.AM_PM) {
1008                                // This is a special case
1009                                // If the time is 0, we round up to 12, otherwise
1010                                //  we subtract 12 hours and add 1 day
1011                                if (val.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY) == 0) {
1012                                    val.add(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, 12);
1013                                } else {
1014                                    val.add(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, -12);
1015                                    val.add(Calendar.DATE, 1);
1016                                }
1017    // ----------------- Fix for LANG-440 ---------------------- END ---------------
1018                            } else {
1019                                //We need at add one to this field since the
1020                                //  last number causes us to round up
1021                                val.add(fields[i][0], 1);
1022                            }
1023                        }
1024                        return;
1025                    }
1026                }
1027                //We have various fields that are not easy roundings
1028                int offset = 0;
1029                boolean offsetSet = false;
1030                //These are special types of fields that require different rounding rules
1031                switch (field) {
1032                    case DateUtils.SEMI_MONTH:
1033                        if (fields[i][0] == Calendar.DATE) {
1034                            //If we're going to drop the DATE field's value,
1035                            //  we want to do this our own way.
1036                            //We need to subtrace 1 since the date has a minimum of 1
1037                            offset = val.get(Calendar.DATE) - 1;
1038                            //If we're above 15 days adjustment, that means we're in the
1039                            //  bottom half of the month and should stay accordingly.
1040                            if (offset >= 15) {
1041                                offset -= 15;
1042                            }
1043                            //Record whether we're in the top or bottom half of that range
1044                            roundUp = offset > 7;
1045                            offsetSet = true;
1046                        }
1047                        break;
1048                    case Calendar.AM_PM:
1049                        if (fields[i][0] == Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY) {
1050                            //If we're going to drop the HOUR field's value,
1051                            //  we want to do this our own way.
1052                            offset = val.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY);
1053                            if (offset >= 12) {
1054                                offset -= 12;
1055                            }
1056                            roundUp = offset >= 6;
1057                            offsetSet = true;
1058                        }
1059                        break;
1060                }
1061                if (!offsetSet) {
1062                    int min = val.getActualMinimum(fields[i][0]);
1063                    int max = val.getActualMaximum(fields[i][0]);
1064                    //Calculate the offset from the minimum allowed value
1065                    offset = val.get(fields[i][0]) - min;
1066                    //Set roundUp if this is more than half way between the minimum and maximum
1067                    roundUp = offset > ((max - min) / 2);
1068                }
1069                //We need to remove this field
1070                if (offset != 0) {
1071                    val.set(fields[i][0], val.get(fields[i][0]) - offset);
1072                }
1073            }
1074            throw new IllegalArgumentException("The field " + field + " is not supported");
1075    
1076        }
1077    
1078        //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1079        /**
1080         * <p>This constructs an <code>Iterator</code> over each day in a date
1081         * range defined by a focus date and range style.</p>
1082         *
1083         * <p>For instance, passing Thursday, July 4, 2002 and a
1084         * <code>RANGE_MONTH_SUNDAY</code> will return an <code>Iterator</code>
1085         * that starts with Sunday, June 30, 2002 and ends with Saturday, August 3,
1086         * 2002, returning a Calendar instance for each intermediate day.</p>
1087         *
1088         * <p>This method provides an iterator that returns Calendar objects.
1089         * The days are progressed using {@link Calendar#add(int, int)}.</p>
1090         *
1091         * @param focus  the date to work with, not null
1092         * @param rangeStyle  the style constant to use. Must be one of
1093         * {@link DateUtils#RANGE_MONTH_SUNDAY}, 
1094         * {@link DateUtils#RANGE_MONTH_MONDAY},
1095         * {@link DateUtils#RANGE_WEEK_SUNDAY},
1096         * {@link DateUtils#RANGE_WEEK_MONDAY},
1097         * {@link DateUtils#RANGE_WEEK_RELATIVE},
1098         * {@link DateUtils#RANGE_WEEK_CENTER}
1099         * @return the date iterator, which always returns Calendar instances
1100         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the date is <code>null</code>
1101         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the rangeStyle is invalid
1102         */
1103        public static Iterator<Calendar> iterator(Date focus, int rangeStyle) {
1104            if (focus == null) {
1105                throw new IllegalArgumentException("The date must not be null");
1106            }
1107            Calendar gval = Calendar.getInstance();
1108            gval.setTime(focus);
1109            return iterator(gval, rangeStyle);
1110        }
1111    
1112        /**
1113         * <p>This constructs an <code>Iterator</code> over each day in a date
1114         * range defined by a focus date and range style.</p>
1115         *
1116         * <p>For instance, passing Thursday, July 4, 2002 and a
1117         * <code>RANGE_MONTH_SUNDAY</code> will return an <code>Iterator</code>
1118         * that starts with Sunday, June 30, 2002 and ends with Saturday, August 3,
1119         * 2002, returning a Calendar instance for each intermediate day.</p>
1120         *
1121         * <p>This method provides an iterator that returns Calendar objects.
1122         * The days are progressed using {@link Calendar#add(int, int)}.</p>
1123         *
1124         * @param focus  the date to work with
1125         * @param rangeStyle  the style constant to use. Must be one of
1126         * {@link DateUtils#RANGE_MONTH_SUNDAY}, 
1127         * {@link DateUtils#RANGE_MONTH_MONDAY},
1128         * {@link DateUtils#RANGE_WEEK_SUNDAY},
1129         * {@link DateUtils#RANGE_WEEK_MONDAY},
1130         * {@link DateUtils#RANGE_WEEK_RELATIVE},
1131         * {@link DateUtils#RANGE_WEEK_CENTER}
1132         * @return the date iterator
1133         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the date is <code>null</code>
1134         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the rangeStyle is invalid
1135         */
1136        public static Iterator<Calendar> iterator(Calendar focus, int rangeStyle) {
1137            if (focus == null) {
1138                throw new IllegalArgumentException("The date must not be null");
1139            }
1140            Calendar start = null;
1141            Calendar end = null;
1142            int startCutoff = Calendar.SUNDAY;
1143            int endCutoff = Calendar.SATURDAY;
1144            switch (rangeStyle) {
1145                case RANGE_MONTH_SUNDAY:
1146                case RANGE_MONTH_MONDAY:
1147                    //Set start to the first of the month
1148                    start = truncate(focus, Calendar.MONTH);
1149                    //Set end to the last of the month
1150                    end = (Calendar) start.clone();
1151                    end.add(Calendar.MONTH, 1);
1152                    end.add(Calendar.DATE, -1);
1153                    //Loop start back to the previous sunday or monday
1154                    if (rangeStyle == RANGE_MONTH_MONDAY) {
1155                        startCutoff = Calendar.MONDAY;
1156                        endCutoff = Calendar.SUNDAY;
1157                    }
1158                    break;
1159                case RANGE_WEEK_SUNDAY:
1160                case RANGE_WEEK_MONDAY:
1161                case RANGE_WEEK_RELATIVE:
1162                case RANGE_WEEK_CENTER:
1163                    //Set start and end to the current date
1164                    start = truncate(focus, Calendar.DATE);
1165                    end = truncate(focus, Calendar.DATE);
1166                    switch (rangeStyle) {
1167                        case RANGE_WEEK_SUNDAY:
1168                            //already set by default
1169                            break;
1170                        case RANGE_WEEK_MONDAY:
1171                            startCutoff = Calendar.MONDAY;
1172                            endCutoff = Calendar.SUNDAY;
1173                            break;
1174                        case RANGE_WEEK_RELATIVE:
1175                            startCutoff = focus.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK);
1176                            endCutoff = startCutoff - 1;
1177                            break;
1178                        case RANGE_WEEK_CENTER:
1179                            startCutoff = focus.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK) - 3;
1180                            endCutoff = focus.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK) + 3;
1181                            break;
1182                    }
1183                    break;
1184                default:
1185                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("The range style " + rangeStyle + " is not valid.");
1186            }
1187            if (startCutoff < Calendar.SUNDAY) {
1188                startCutoff += 7;
1189            }
1190            if (startCutoff > Calendar.SATURDAY) {
1191                startCutoff -= 7;
1192            }
1193            if (endCutoff < Calendar.SUNDAY) {
1194                endCutoff += 7;
1195            }
1196            if (endCutoff > Calendar.SATURDAY) {
1197                endCutoff -= 7;
1198            }
1199            while (start.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK) != startCutoff) {
1200                start.add(Calendar.DATE, -1);
1201            }
1202            while (end.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK) != endCutoff) {
1203                end.add(Calendar.DATE, 1);
1204            }
1205            return new DateIterator(start, end);
1206        }
1207    
1208        /**
1209         * <p>This constructs an <code>Iterator</code> over each day in a date
1210         * range defined by a focus date and range style.</p>
1211         *
1212         * <p>For instance, passing Thursday, July 4, 2002 and a
1213         * <code>RANGE_MONTH_SUNDAY</code> will return an <code>Iterator</code>
1214         * that starts with Sunday, June 30, 2002 and ends with Saturday, August 3,
1215         * 2002, returning a Calendar instance for each intermediate day.</p>
1216         *
1217         * @param focus  the date to work with, either
1218         *  <code>Date</code> or <code>Calendar</code>
1219         * @param rangeStyle  the style constant to use. Must be one of the range
1220         * styles listed for the {@link #iterator(Calendar, int)} method.
1221         * @return the date iterator
1222         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the date
1223         *  is <code>null</code>
1224         * @throws ClassCastException if the object type is
1225         *  not a <code>Date</code> or <code>Calendar</code>
1226         */
1227        public static Iterator<?> iterator(Object focus, int rangeStyle) {
1228            if (focus == null) {
1229                throw new IllegalArgumentException("The date must not be null");
1230            }
1231            if (focus instanceof Date) {
1232                return iterator((Date) focus, rangeStyle);
1233            } else if (focus instanceof Calendar) {
1234                return iterator((Calendar) focus, rangeStyle);
1235            } else {
1236                throw new ClassCastException("Could not iterate based on " + focus);
1237            }
1238        }
1239        
1240        /**
1241         * <p>Returns the number of milliseconds within the 
1242         * fragment. All datefields greater than the fragment will be ignored.</p>
1243         * 
1244         * <p>Asking the milliseconds of any date will only return the number of milliseconds
1245         * of the current second (resulting in a number between 0 and 999). This 
1246         * method will retrieve the number of milliseconds for any fragment. 
1247         * For example, if you want to calculate the number of milliseconds past today, 
1248         * your fragment is Calendar.DATE or Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR. The result will
1249         * be all milliseconds of the past hour(s), minutes(s) and second(s).</p>
1250         * 
1251         * <p>Valid fragments are: Calendar.YEAR, Calendar.MONTH, both 
1252         * Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR and Calendar.DATE, Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, 
1253         * Calendar.MINUTE, Calendar.SECOND and Calendar.MILLISECOND
1254         * A fragment less than or equal to a SECOND field will return 0.</p> 
1255         * 
1256         * <p>
1257         * <ul>
1258         *  <li>January 1, 2008 7:15:10.538 with Calendar.SECOND as fragment will return 538</li>
1259         *  <li>January 6, 2008 7:15:10.538 with Calendar.SECOND as fragment will return 538</li>
1260         *  <li>January 6, 2008 7:15:10.538 with Calendar.MINUTE as fragment will return 10538 (10*1000 + 538)</li>
1261         *  <li>January 16, 2008 7:15:10.538 with Calendar.MILLISECOND as fragment will return 0
1262         *   (a millisecond cannot be split in milliseconds)</li>
1263         * </ul>
1264         * </p>
1265         * 
1266         * @param date the date to work with, not null
1267         * @param fragment the Calendar field part of date to calculate 
1268         * @return number of milliseconds within the fragment of date
1269         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the date is <code>null</code> or
1270         * fragment is not supported
1271         * @since 2.4
1272         */
1273        public static long getFragmentInMilliseconds(Date date, int fragment) {
1274            return getFragment(date, fragment, Calendar.MILLISECOND);    
1275        }
1276        
1277        /**
1278         * <p>Returns the number of seconds within the 
1279         * fragment. All datefields greater than the fragment will be ignored.</p> 
1280         * 
1281         * <p>Asking the seconds of any date will only return the number of seconds
1282         * of the current minute (resulting in a number between 0 and 59). This 
1283         * method will retrieve the number of seconds for any fragment. 
1284         * For example, if you want to calculate the number of seconds past today, 
1285         * your fragment is Calendar.DATE or Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR. The result will
1286         * be all seconds of the past hour(s) and minutes(s).</p> 
1287         * 
1288         * <p>Valid fragments are: Calendar.YEAR, Calendar.MONTH, both 
1289         * Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR and Calendar.DATE, Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, 
1290         * Calendar.MINUTE, Calendar.SECOND and Calendar.MILLISECOND
1291         * A fragment less than or equal to a SECOND field will return 0.</p> 
1292         * 
1293         * <p>
1294         * <ul>
1295         *  <li>January 1, 2008 7:15:10.538 with Calendar.MINUTE as fragment will return 10
1296         *   (equivalent to deprecated date.getSeconds())</li>
1297         *  <li>January 6, 2008 7:15:10.538 with Calendar.MINUTE as fragment will return 10
1298         *   (equivalent to deprecated date.getSeconds())</li>
1299         *  <li>January 6, 2008 7:15:10.538 with Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR as fragment will return 26110
1300         *   (7*3600 + 15*60 + 10)</li>
1301         *  <li>January 16, 2008 7:15:10.538 with Calendar.MILLISECOND as fragment will return 0
1302         *   (a millisecond cannot be split in seconds)</li>
1303         * </ul>
1304         * </p>
1305         * 
1306         * @param date the date to work with, not null
1307         * @param fragment the Calendar field part of date to calculate 
1308         * @return number of seconds within the fragment of date
1309         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the date is <code>null</code> or
1310         * fragment is not supported
1311         * @since 2.4
1312         */
1313        public static long getFragmentInSeconds(Date date, int fragment) {
1314            return getFragment(date, fragment, Calendar.SECOND);
1315        }
1316        
1317        /**
1318         * <p>Returns the number of minutes within the 
1319         * fragment. All datefields greater than the fragment will be ignored.</p> 
1320         * 
1321         * <p>Asking the minutes of any date will only return the number of minutes
1322         * of the current hour (resulting in a number between 0 and 59). This 
1323         * method will retrieve the number of minutes for any fragment. 
1324         * For example, if you want to calculate the number of minutes past this month, 
1325         * your fragment is Calendar.MONTH. The result will be all minutes of the 
1326         * past day(s) and hour(s).</p> 
1327         * 
1328         * <p>Valid fragments are: Calendar.YEAR, Calendar.MONTH, both 
1329         * Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR and Calendar.DATE, Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, 
1330         * Calendar.MINUTE, Calendar.SECOND and Calendar.MILLISECOND
1331         * A fragment less than or equal to a MINUTE field will return 0.</p> 
1332         * 
1333         * <p>
1334         * <ul>
1335         *  <li>January 1, 2008 7:15:10.538 with Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY as fragment will return 15
1336         *   (equivalent to deprecated date.getMinutes())</li>
1337         *  <li>January 6, 2008 7:15:10.538 with Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY as fragment will return 15
1338         *   (equivalent to deprecated date.getMinutes())</li>
1339         *  <li>January 1, 2008 7:15:10.538 with Calendar.MONTH as fragment will return 15</li>
1340         *  <li>January 6, 2008 7:15:10.538 with Calendar.MONTH as fragment will return 435 (7*60 + 15)</li>
1341         *  <li>January 16, 2008 7:15:10.538 with Calendar.MILLISECOND as fragment will return 0
1342         *   (a millisecond cannot be split in minutes)</li>
1343         * </ul>
1344         * </p>
1345         * 
1346         * @param date the date to work with, not null
1347         * @param fragment the Calendar field part of date to calculate 
1348         * @return number of minutes within the fragment of date
1349         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the date is <code>null</code> or 
1350         * fragment is not supported
1351         * @since 2.4
1352         */
1353        public static long getFragmentInMinutes(Date date, int fragment) {
1354            return getFragment(date, fragment, Calendar.MINUTE);
1355        }
1356        
1357        /**
1358         * <p>Returns the number of hours within the 
1359         * fragment. All datefields greater than the fragment will be ignored.</p> 
1360         * 
1361         * <p>Asking the hours of any date will only return the number of hours
1362         * of the current day (resulting in a number between 0 and 23). This 
1363         * method will retrieve the number of hours for any fragment. 
1364         * For example, if you want to calculate the number of hours past this month, 
1365         * your fragment is Calendar.MONTH. The result will be all hours of the 
1366         * past day(s).</p> 
1367         * 
1368         * <p>Valid fragments are: Calendar.YEAR, Calendar.MONTH, both 
1369         * Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR and Calendar.DATE, Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, 
1370         * Calendar.MINUTE, Calendar.SECOND and Calendar.MILLISECOND
1371         * A fragment less than or equal to a HOUR field will return 0.</p> 
1372         * 
1373         * <p>
1374         * <ul>
1375         *  <li>January 1, 2008 7:15:10.538 with Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR as fragment will return 7
1376         *   (equivalent to deprecated date.getHours())</li>
1377         *  <li>January 6, 2008 7:15:10.538 with Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR as fragment will return 7
1378         *   (equivalent to deprecated date.getHours())</li>
1379         *  <li>January 1, 2008 7:15:10.538 with Calendar.MONTH as fragment will return 7</li>
1380         *  <li>January 6, 2008 7:15:10.538 with Calendar.MONTH as fragment will return 127 (5*24 + 7)</li>
1381         *  <li>January 16, 2008 7:15:10.538 with Calendar.MILLISECOND as fragment will return 0
1382         *   (a millisecond cannot be split in hours)</li>
1383         * </ul>
1384         * </p>
1385         * 
1386         * @param date the date to work with, not null
1387         * @param fragment the Calendar field part of date to calculate 
1388         * @return number of hours within the fragment of date
1389         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the date is <code>null</code> or 
1390         * fragment is not supported
1391         * @since 2.4
1392         */
1393        public static long getFragmentInHours(Date date, int fragment) {
1394            return getFragment(date, fragment, Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY);
1395        }
1396        
1397        /**
1398         * <p>Returns the number of days within the 
1399         * fragment. All datefields greater than the fragment will be ignored.</p> 
1400         * 
1401         * <p>Asking the days of any date will only return the number of days
1402         * of the current month (resulting in a number between 1 and 31). This 
1403         * method will retrieve the number of days for any fragment. 
1404         * For example, if you want to calculate the number of days past this year, 
1405         * your fragment is Calendar.YEAR. The result will be all days of the 
1406         * past month(s).</p> 
1407         * 
1408         * <p>Valid fragments are: Calendar.YEAR, Calendar.MONTH, both 
1409         * Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR and Calendar.DATE, Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, 
1410         * Calendar.MINUTE, Calendar.SECOND and Calendar.MILLISECOND
1411         * A fragment less than or equal to a DAY field will return 0.</p> 
1412         *  
1413         * <p>
1414         * <ul>
1415         *  <li>January 28, 2008 with Calendar.MONTH as fragment will return 28
1416         *   (equivalent to deprecated date.getDay())</li>
1417         *  <li>February 28, 2008 with Calendar.MONTH as fragment will return 28
1418         *   (equivalent to deprecated date.getDay())</li>
1419         *  <li>January 28, 2008 with Calendar.YEAR as fragment will return 28</li>
1420         *  <li>February 28, 2008 with Calendar.YEAR as fragment will return 59</li>
1421         *  <li>January 28, 2008 with Calendar.MILLISECOND as fragment will return 0
1422         *   (a millisecond cannot be split in days)</li>
1423         * </ul>
1424         * </p>
1425         * 
1426         * @param date the date to work with, not null
1427         * @param fragment the Calendar field part of date to calculate 
1428         * @return number of days  within the fragment of date
1429         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the date is <code>null</code> or 
1430         * fragment is not supported
1431         * @since 2.4
1432         */
1433        public static long getFragmentInDays(Date date, int fragment) {
1434            return getFragment(date, fragment, Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR);
1435        }
1436    
1437        /**
1438         * <p>Returns the number of milliseconds within the 
1439         * fragment. All datefields greater than the fragment will be ignored.</p> 
1440         * 
1441         * <p>Asking the milliseconds of any date will only return the number of milliseconds
1442         * of the current second (resulting in a number between 0 and 999). This 
1443         * method will retrieve the number of milliseconds for any fragment. 
1444         * For example, if you want to calculate the number of seconds past today, 
1445         * your fragment is Calendar.DATE or Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR. The result will
1446         * be all seconds of the past hour(s), minutes(s) and second(s).</p> 
1447         * 
1448         * <p>Valid fragments are: Calendar.YEAR, Calendar.MONTH, both 
1449         * Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR and Calendar.DATE, Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, 
1450         * Calendar.MINUTE, Calendar.SECOND and Calendar.MILLISECOND
1451         * A fragment less than or equal to a MILLISECOND field will return 0.</p> 
1452         * 
1453         * <p>
1454         * <ul>
1455         *  <li>January 1, 2008 7:15:10.538 with Calendar.SECOND as fragment will return 538
1456         *   (equivalent to calendar.get(Calendar.MILLISECOND))</li>
1457         *  <li>January 6, 2008 7:15:10.538 with Calendar.SECOND as fragment will return 538
1458         *   (equivalent to calendar.get(Calendar.MILLISECOND))</li>
1459         *  <li>January 6, 2008 7:15:10.538 with Calendar.MINUTE as fragment will return 10538
1460         *   (10*1000 + 538)</li>
1461         *  <li>January 16, 2008 7:15:10.538 with Calendar.MILLISECOND as fragment will return 0
1462         *   (a millisecond cannot be split in milliseconds)</li>
1463         * </ul>
1464         * </p>
1465         * 
1466         * @param calendar the calendar to work with, not null
1467         * @param fragment the Calendar field part of calendar to calculate 
1468         * @return number of milliseconds within the fragment of date
1469         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the date is <code>null</code> or 
1470         * fragment is not supported
1471         * @since 2.4
1472         */
1473      public static long getFragmentInMilliseconds(Calendar calendar, int fragment) {
1474        return getFragment(calendar, fragment, Calendar.MILLISECOND);
1475      }
1476        /**
1477         * <p>Returns the number of seconds within the 
1478         * fragment. All datefields greater than the fragment will be ignored.</p> 
1479         * 
1480         * <p>Asking the seconds of any date will only return the number of seconds
1481         * of the current minute (resulting in a number between 0 and 59). This 
1482         * method will retrieve the number of seconds for any fragment. 
1483         * For example, if you want to calculate the number of seconds past today, 
1484         * your fragment is Calendar.DATE or Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR. The result will
1485         * be all seconds of the past hour(s) and minutes(s).</p> 
1486         * 
1487         * <p>Valid fragments are: Calendar.YEAR, Calendar.MONTH, both 
1488         * Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR and Calendar.DATE, Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, 
1489         * Calendar.MINUTE, Calendar.SECOND and Calendar.MILLISECOND
1490         * A fragment less than or equal to a SECOND field will return 0.</p> 
1491         * 
1492         * <p>
1493         * <ul>
1494         *  <li>January 1, 2008 7:15:10.538 with Calendar.MINUTE as fragment will return 10
1495         *   (equivalent to calendar.get(Calendar.SECOND))</li>
1496         *  <li>January 6, 2008 7:15:10.538 with Calendar.MINUTE as fragment will return 10
1497         *   (equivalent to calendar.get(Calendar.SECOND))</li>
1498         *  <li>January 6, 2008 7:15:10.538 with Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR as fragment will return 26110
1499         *   (7*3600 + 15*60 + 10)</li>
1500         *  <li>January 16, 2008 7:15:10.538 with Calendar.MILLISECOND as fragment will return 0
1501         *   (a millisecond cannot be split in seconds)</li>
1502         * </ul>
1503         * </p>
1504         * 
1505         * @param calendar the calendar to work with, not null
1506         * @param fragment the Calendar field part of calendar to calculate 
1507         * @return number of seconds within the fragment of date
1508         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the date is <code>null</code> or 
1509         * fragment is not supported
1510         * @since 2.4
1511         */
1512        public static long getFragmentInSeconds(Calendar calendar, int fragment) {
1513            return getFragment(calendar, fragment, Calendar.SECOND);
1514        }
1515        
1516        /**
1517         * <p>Returns the number of minutes within the 
1518         * fragment. All datefields greater than the fragment will be ignored.</p> 
1519         * 
1520         * <p>Asking the minutes of any date will only return the number of minutes
1521         * of the current hour (resulting in a number between 0 and 59). This 
1522         * method will retrieve the number of minutes for any fragment. 
1523         * For example, if you want to calculate the number of minutes past this month, 
1524         * your fragment is Calendar.MONTH. The result will be all minutes of the 
1525         * past day(s) and hour(s).</p> 
1526         * 
1527         * <p>Valid fragments are: Calendar.YEAR, Calendar.MONTH, both 
1528         * Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR and Calendar.DATE, Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, 
1529         * Calendar.MINUTE, Calendar.SECOND and Calendar.MILLISECOND
1530         * A fragment less than or equal to a MINUTE field will return 0.</p> 
1531         * 
1532         * <p>
1533         * <ul>
1534         *  <li>January 1, 2008 7:15:10.538 with Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY as fragment will return 15
1535         *   (equivalent to calendar.get(Calendar.MINUTES))</li>
1536         *  <li>January 6, 2008 7:15:10.538 with Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY as fragment will return 15
1537         *   (equivalent to calendar.get(Calendar.MINUTES))</li>
1538         *  <li>January 1, 2008 7:15:10.538 with Calendar.MONTH as fragment will return 15</li>
1539         *  <li>January 6, 2008 7:15:10.538 with Calendar.MONTH as fragment will return 435 (7*60 + 15)</li>
1540         *  <li>January 16, 2008 7:15:10.538 with Calendar.MILLISECOND as fragment will return 0
1541         *   (a millisecond cannot be split in minutes)</li>
1542         * </ul>
1543         * </p>
1544         * 
1545         * @param calendar the calendar to work with, not null
1546         * @param fragment the Calendar field part of calendar to calculate 
1547         * @return number of minutes within the fragment of date
1548         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the date is <code>null</code> or 
1549         * fragment is not supported
1550         * @since 2.4
1551         */
1552        public static long getFragmentInMinutes(Calendar calendar, int fragment) {
1553            return getFragment(calendar, fragment, Calendar.MINUTE);
1554        }
1555        
1556        /**
1557         * <p>Returns the number of hours within the 
1558         * fragment. All datefields greater than the fragment will be ignored.</p> 
1559         * 
1560         * <p>Asking the hours of any date will only return the number of hours
1561         * of the current day (resulting in a number between 0 and 23). This 
1562         * method will retrieve the number of hours for any fragment. 
1563         * For example, if you want to calculate the number of hours past this month, 
1564         * your fragment is Calendar.MONTH. The result will be all hours of the 
1565         * past day(s).</p> 
1566         * 
1567         * <p>Valid fragments are: Calendar.YEAR, Calendar.MONTH, both 
1568         * Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR and Calendar.DATE, Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, 
1569         * Calendar.MINUTE, Calendar.SECOND and Calendar.MILLISECOND
1570         * A fragment less than or equal to a HOUR field will return 0.</p> 
1571         *  
1572         * <p>
1573         * <ul>
1574         *  <li>January 1, 2008 7:15:10.538 with Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR as fragment will return 7
1575         *   (equivalent to calendar.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY))</li>
1576         *  <li>January 6, 2008 7:15:10.538 with Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR as fragment will return 7
1577         *   (equivalent to calendar.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY))</li>
1578         *  <li>January 1, 2008 7:15:10.538 with Calendar.MONTH as fragment will return 7</li>
1579         *  <li>January 6, 2008 7:15:10.538 with Calendar.MONTH as fragment will return 127 (5*24 + 7)</li>
1580         *  <li>January 16, 2008 7:15:10.538 with Calendar.MILLISECOND as fragment will return 0
1581         *   (a millisecond cannot be split in hours)</li>
1582         * </ul>
1583         * </p>
1584         *  
1585         * @param calendar the calendar to work with, not null
1586         * @param fragment the Calendar field part of calendar to calculate 
1587         * @return number of hours within the fragment of date
1588         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the date is <code>null</code> or 
1589         * fragment is not supported
1590         * @since 2.4
1591         */
1592        public static long getFragmentInHours(Calendar calendar, int fragment) {
1593            return getFragment(calendar, fragment, Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY);
1594        }
1595        
1596        /**
1597         * <p>Returns the number of days within the 
1598         * fragment. All datefields greater than the fragment will be ignored.</p> 
1599         * 
1600         * <p>Asking the days of any date will only return the number of days
1601         * of the current month (resulting in a number between 1 and 31). This 
1602         * method will retrieve the number of days for any fragment. 
1603         * For example, if you want to calculate the number of days past this year, 
1604         * your fragment is Calendar.YEAR. The result will be all days of the 
1605         * past month(s).</p> 
1606         * 
1607         * <p>Valid fragments are: Calendar.YEAR, Calendar.MONTH, both 
1608         * Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR and Calendar.DATE, Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, 
1609         * Calendar.MINUTE, Calendar.SECOND and Calendar.MILLISECOND
1610         * A fragment less than or equal to a DAY field will return 0.</p> 
1611         * 
1612         * <p>
1613         * <ul>
1614         *  <li>January 28, 2008 with Calendar.MONTH as fragment will return 28
1615         *   (equivalent to calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH))</li>
1616         *  <li>February 28, 2008 with Calendar.MONTH as fragment will return 28
1617         *   (equivalent to calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH))</li>
1618         *  <li>January 28, 2008 with Calendar.YEAR as fragment will return 28
1619         *   (equivalent to calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR))</li>
1620         *  <li>February 28, 2008 with Calendar.YEAR as fragment will return 59
1621         *   (equivalent to calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR))</li>
1622         *  <li>January 28, 2008 with Calendar.MILLISECOND as fragment will return 0
1623         *   (a millisecond cannot be split in days)</li>
1624         * </ul>
1625         * </p>
1626         * 
1627         * @param calendar the calendar to work with, not null
1628         * @param fragment the Calendar field part of calendar to calculate 
1629         * @return number of days within the fragment of date
1630         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the date is <code>null</code> or 
1631         * fragment is not supported
1632         * @since 2.4
1633         */
1634        public static long getFragmentInDays(Calendar calendar, int fragment) {
1635            return getFragment(calendar, fragment, Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR);
1636        }
1637        
1638        /**
1639         * Date-version for fragment-calculation in any unit
1640         * 
1641         * @param date the date to work with, not null
1642         * @param fragment the Calendar field part of date to calculate 
1643         * @param unit Calendar field defining the unit
1644         * @return number of units within the fragment of the date
1645         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the date is <code>null</code> or 
1646         * fragment is not supported
1647         * @since 2.4
1648         */
1649        private static long getFragment(Date date, int fragment, int unit) {
1650            if(date == null) {
1651                throw  new IllegalArgumentException("The date must not be null");
1652            }
1653            Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
1654            calendar.setTime(date);
1655            return getFragment(calendar, fragment, unit);
1656        }
1657    
1658        /**
1659         * Calendar-version for fragment-calculation in any unit
1660         * 
1661         * @param calendar the calendar to work with, not null
1662         * @param fragment the Calendar field part of calendar to calculate 
1663         * @param unit Calendar field defining the unit
1664         * @return number of units within the fragment of the calendar
1665         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the date is <code>null</code> or 
1666         * fragment is not supported
1667         * @since 2.4
1668         */
1669        private static long getFragment(Calendar calendar, int fragment, int unit) {
1670            if(calendar == null) {
1671                throw  new IllegalArgumentException("The date must not be null"); 
1672            }
1673            long millisPerUnit = getMillisPerUnit(unit);
1674            long result = 0;
1675            
1676            // Fragments bigger than a day require a breakdown to days
1677            switch (fragment) {
1678                case Calendar.YEAR:
1679                    result += (calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR) * MILLIS_PER_DAY) / millisPerUnit;
1680                    break;
1681                case Calendar.MONTH:
1682                    result += (calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH) * MILLIS_PER_DAY) / millisPerUnit;
1683                    break;
1684            }
1685    
1686            switch (fragment) {
1687                // Number of days already calculated for these cases
1688                case Calendar.YEAR:
1689                case Calendar.MONTH:
1690                
1691                // The rest of the valid cases
1692                case Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR:
1693                case Calendar.DATE:
1694                    result += (calendar.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY) * MILLIS_PER_HOUR) / millisPerUnit;
1695                    //$FALL-THROUGH$
1696                case Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY:
1697                    result += (calendar.get(Calendar.MINUTE) * MILLIS_PER_MINUTE) / millisPerUnit;
1698                    //$FALL-THROUGH$
1699                case Calendar.MINUTE:
1700                    result += (calendar.get(Calendar.SECOND) * MILLIS_PER_SECOND) / millisPerUnit;
1701                    //$FALL-THROUGH$
1702                case Calendar.SECOND:
1703                    result += (calendar.get(Calendar.MILLISECOND) * 1) / millisPerUnit;
1704                    break;
1705                case Calendar.MILLISECOND: break;//never useful
1706                    default: throw new IllegalArgumentException("The fragment " + fragment + " is not supported");
1707            }
1708            return result;
1709        }
1710        
1711        /**
1712         * Determines if two calendars are equal up to no more than the specified 
1713         * most significant field.
1714         * 
1715         * @param cal1 the first calendar, not <code>null</code>
1716         * @param cal2 the second calendar, not <code>null</code>
1717         * @param field the field from <code>Calendar</code>
1718         * @return <code>true</code> if equal; otherwise <code>false</code>
1719         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if any argument is <code>null</code>
1720         * @see #truncate(Calendar, int)
1721         * @see #truncatedEquals(Date, Date, int)
1722         * @since 3.0
1723         */
1724        public static boolean truncatedEquals(Calendar cal1, Calendar cal2, int field) {
1725            return truncatedCompareTo(cal1, cal2, field) == 0;
1726        }
1727    
1728        /**
1729         * Determines if two dates are equal up to no more than the specified 
1730         * most significant field.
1731         * 
1732         * @param date1 the first date, not <code>null</code>
1733         * @param date2 the second date, not <code>null</code>
1734         * @param field the field from <code>Calendar</code>
1735         * @return <code>true</code> if equal; otherwise <code>false</code>
1736         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if any argument is <code>null</code>
1737         * @see #truncate(Date, int)
1738         * @see #truncatedEquals(Calendar, Calendar, int)
1739         * @since 3.0
1740         */
1741        public static boolean truncatedEquals(Date date1, Date date2, int field) {
1742            return truncatedCompareTo(date1, date2, field) == 0;
1743        }
1744    
1745        /**
1746         * Determines how two calendars compare up to no more than the specified 
1747         * most significant field.
1748         * 
1749         * @param cal1 the first calendar, not <code>null</code>
1750         * @param cal2 the second calendar, not <code>null</code>
1751         * @param field the field from <code>Calendar</code>
1752         * @return a negative integer, zero, or a positive integer as the first 
1753         * calendar is less than, equal to, or greater than the second.
1754         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if any argument is <code>null</code>
1755         * @see #truncate(Calendar, int)
1756         * @see #truncatedCompareTo(Date, Date, int)
1757         * @since 3.0
1758         */
1759        public static int truncatedCompareTo(Calendar cal1, Calendar cal2, int field) {
1760            Calendar truncatedCal1 = truncate(cal1, field);
1761            Calendar truncatedCal2 = truncate(cal2, field);
1762            return truncatedCal1.compareTo(truncatedCal2);
1763        }
1764    
1765        /**
1766         * Determines how two dates compare up to no more than the specified 
1767         * most significant field.
1768         * 
1769         * @param date1 the first date, not <code>null</code>
1770         * @param date2 the second date, not <code>null</code>
1771         * @param field the field from <code>Calendar</code>
1772         * @return a negative integer, zero, or a positive integer as the first 
1773         * date is less than, equal to, or greater than the second.
1774         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if any argument is <code>null</code>
1775         * @see #truncate(Calendar, int)
1776         * @see #truncatedCompareTo(Date, Date, int)
1777         * @since 3.0
1778         */
1779        public static int truncatedCompareTo(Date date1, Date date2, int field) {
1780            Date truncatedDate1 = truncate(date1, field);
1781            Date truncatedDate2 = truncate(date2, field);
1782            return truncatedDate1.compareTo(truncatedDate2);
1783        }
1784        
1785        /**
1786         * Returns the number of millis of a datefield, if this is a constant value
1787         * 
1788         * @param unit A Calendar field which is a valid unit for a fragment
1789         * @return number of millis
1790         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if date can't be represented in millisenconds
1791         * @since 2.4 
1792         */
1793        private static long getMillisPerUnit(int unit) {
1794            long result = Long.MAX_VALUE;
1795            switch (unit) {
1796                case Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR:
1797                case Calendar.DATE:
1798                    result = MILLIS_PER_DAY;
1799                    break;
1800                case Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY:
1801                    result = MILLIS_PER_HOUR;
1802                    break;
1803                case Calendar.MINUTE:
1804                    result = MILLIS_PER_MINUTE;
1805                    break;
1806                case Calendar.SECOND:
1807                    result = MILLIS_PER_SECOND;
1808                    break;
1809                case Calendar.MILLISECOND:
1810                    result = 1;
1811                    break;
1812                default: throw new IllegalArgumentException("The unit " + unit + " cannot be represented is milleseconds");
1813            }
1814            return result;
1815        }
1816    
1817        /**
1818         * <p>Date iterator.</p>
1819         */
1820        static class DateIterator implements Iterator<Calendar> {
1821            private final Calendar endFinal;
1822            private final Calendar spot;
1823            
1824            /**
1825             * Constructs a DateIterator that ranges from one date to another. 
1826             *
1827             * @param startFinal start date (inclusive)
1828             * @param endFinal end date (not inclusive)
1829             */
1830            DateIterator(Calendar startFinal, Calendar endFinal) {
1831                super();
1832                this.endFinal = endFinal;
1833                spot = startFinal;
1834                spot.add(Calendar.DATE, -1);
1835            }
1836    
1837            /**
1838             * Has the iterator not reached the end date yet?
1839             *
1840             * @return <code>true</code> if the iterator has yet to reach the end date
1841             */
1842            public boolean hasNext() {
1843                return spot.before(endFinal);
1844            }
1845    
1846            /**
1847             * Return the next calendar in the iteration
1848             *
1849             * @return Object calendar for the next date
1850             */
1851            public Calendar next() {
1852                if (spot.equals(endFinal)) {
1853                    throw new NoSuchElementException();
1854                }
1855                spot.add(Calendar.DATE, 1);
1856                return (Calendar) spot.clone();
1857            }
1858    
1859            /**
1860             * Always throws UnsupportedOperationException.
1861             * 
1862             * @throws UnsupportedOperationException
1863             * @see java.util.Iterator#remove()
1864             */
1865            public void remove() {
1866                throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
1867            }
1868        }
1869        
1870    }