001/*
002 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
003 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
004 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
005 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
006 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
007 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
008 *
009 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
010 *
011 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
012 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
013 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
014 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
015 * limitations under the License.
016 */
017
018package org.apache.commons.math3.distribution;
019
020import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.NumberIsTooLargeException;
021import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.OutOfRangeException;
022import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.util.LocalizedFormats;
023import org.apache.commons.math3.random.RandomGenerator;
024import org.apache.commons.math3.random.Well19937c;
025
026/**
027 * Implementation of the uniform real distribution.
028 *
029 * @see <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_distribution_(continuous)"
030 * >Uniform distribution (continuous), at Wikipedia</a>
031 *
032 * @since 3.0
033 */
034public class UniformRealDistribution extends AbstractRealDistribution {
035    /** Default inverse cumulative probability accuracy.
036     * @deprecated as of 3.2 not used anymore, will be removed in 4.0
037     */
038    @Deprecated
039    public static final double DEFAULT_INVERSE_ABSOLUTE_ACCURACY = 1e-9;
040    /** Serializable version identifier. */
041    private static final long serialVersionUID = 20120109L;
042    /** Lower bound of this distribution (inclusive). */
043    private final double lower;
044    /** Upper bound of this distribution (exclusive). */
045    private final double upper;
046
047    /**
048     * Create a standard uniform real distribution with lower bound (inclusive)
049     * equal to zero and upper bound (exclusive) equal to one.
050     * <p>
051     * <b>Note:</b> this constructor will implicitly create an instance of
052     * {@link Well19937c} as random generator to be used for sampling only (see
053     * {@link #sample()} and {@link #sample(int)}). In case no sampling is
054     * needed for the created distribution, it is advised to pass {@code null}
055     * as random generator via the appropriate constructors to avoid the
056     * additional initialisation overhead.
057     */
058    public UniformRealDistribution() {
059        this(0, 1);
060    }
061
062    /**
063     * Create a uniform real distribution using the given lower and upper
064     * bounds.
065     * <p>
066     * <b>Note:</b> this constructor will implicitly create an instance of
067     * {@link Well19937c} as random generator to be used for sampling only (see
068     * {@link #sample()} and {@link #sample(int)}). In case no sampling is
069     * needed for the created distribution, it is advised to pass {@code null}
070     * as random generator via the appropriate constructors to avoid the
071     * additional initialisation overhead.
072     *
073     * @param lower Lower bound of this distribution (inclusive).
074     * @param upper Upper bound of this distribution (exclusive).
075     * @throws NumberIsTooLargeException if {@code lower >= upper}.
076     */
077    public UniformRealDistribution(double lower, double upper)
078        throws NumberIsTooLargeException {
079        this(new Well19937c(), lower, upper);
080    }
081
082    /**
083     * Create a uniform distribution.
084     *
085     * @param lower Lower bound of this distribution (inclusive).
086     * @param upper Upper bound of this distribution (exclusive).
087     * @param inverseCumAccuracy Inverse cumulative probability accuracy.
088     * @throws NumberIsTooLargeException if {@code lower >= upper}.
089     * @deprecated as of 3.2, inverse CDF is now calculated analytically, use
090     *             {@link #UniformRealDistribution(double, double)} instead.
091     */
092    @Deprecated
093    public UniformRealDistribution(double lower, double upper, double inverseCumAccuracy)
094        throws NumberIsTooLargeException {
095        this(new Well19937c(), lower, upper);
096    }
097
098    /**
099     * Creates a uniform distribution.
100     *
101     * @param rng Random number generator.
102     * @param lower Lower bound of this distribution (inclusive).
103     * @param upper Upper bound of this distribution (exclusive).
104     * @param inverseCumAccuracy Inverse cumulative probability accuracy.
105     * @throws NumberIsTooLargeException if {@code lower >= upper}.
106     * @since 3.1
107     * @deprecated as of 3.2, inverse CDF is now calculated analytically, use
108     *             {@link #UniformRealDistribution(RandomGenerator, double, double)}
109     *             instead.
110     */
111    @Deprecated
112    public UniformRealDistribution(RandomGenerator rng,
113                                   double lower,
114                                   double upper,
115                                   double inverseCumAccuracy){
116        this(rng, lower, upper);
117    }
118
119    /**
120     * Creates a uniform distribution.
121     *
122     * @param rng Random number generator.
123     * @param lower Lower bound of this distribution (inclusive).
124     * @param upper Upper bound of this distribution (exclusive).
125     * @throws NumberIsTooLargeException if {@code lower >= upper}.
126     * @since 3.1
127     */
128    public UniformRealDistribution(RandomGenerator rng,
129                                   double lower,
130                                   double upper)
131        throws NumberIsTooLargeException {
132        super(rng);
133        if (lower >= upper) {
134            throw new NumberIsTooLargeException(
135                            LocalizedFormats.LOWER_BOUND_NOT_BELOW_UPPER_BOUND,
136                            lower, upper, false);
137        }
138
139        this.lower = lower;
140        this.upper = upper;
141    }
142
143    /** {@inheritDoc} */
144    public double density(double x) {
145        if (x < lower || x > upper) {
146            return 0.0;
147        }
148        return 1 / (upper - lower);
149    }
150
151    /** {@inheritDoc} */
152    public double cumulativeProbability(double x)  {
153        if (x <= lower) {
154            return 0;
155        }
156        if (x >= upper) {
157            return 1;
158        }
159        return (x - lower) / (upper - lower);
160    }
161
162    /** {@inheritDoc} */
163    @Override
164    public double inverseCumulativeProbability(final double p)
165            throws OutOfRangeException {
166        if (p < 0.0 || p > 1.0) {
167            throw new OutOfRangeException(p, 0, 1);
168        }
169        return p * (upper - lower) + lower;
170    }
171
172    /**
173     * {@inheritDoc}
174     *
175     * For lower bound {@code lower} and upper bound {@code upper}, the mean is
176     * {@code 0.5 * (lower + upper)}.
177     */
178    public double getNumericalMean() {
179        return 0.5 * (lower + upper);
180    }
181
182    /**
183     * {@inheritDoc}
184     *
185     * For lower bound {@code lower} and upper bound {@code upper}, the
186     * variance is {@code (upper - lower)^2 / 12}.
187     */
188    public double getNumericalVariance() {
189        double ul = upper - lower;
190        return ul * ul / 12;
191    }
192
193    /**
194     * {@inheritDoc}
195     *
196     * The lower bound of the support is equal to the lower bound parameter
197     * of the distribution.
198     *
199     * @return lower bound of the support
200     */
201    public double getSupportLowerBound() {
202        return lower;
203    }
204
205    /**
206     * {@inheritDoc}
207     *
208     * The upper bound of the support is equal to the upper bound parameter
209     * of the distribution.
210     *
211     * @return upper bound of the support
212     */
213    public double getSupportUpperBound() {
214        return upper;
215    }
216
217    /** {@inheritDoc} */
218    public boolean isSupportLowerBoundInclusive() {
219        return true;
220    }
221
222    /** {@inheritDoc} */
223    public boolean isSupportUpperBoundInclusive() {
224        return true;
225    }
226
227    /**
228     * {@inheritDoc}
229     *
230     * The support of this distribution is connected.
231     *
232     * @return {@code true}
233     */
234    public boolean isSupportConnected() {
235        return true;
236    }
237
238    /** {@inheritDoc} */
239    @Override
240    public double sample()  {
241        final double u = random.nextDouble();
242        return u * upper + (1 - u) * lower;
243    }
244}