001/*
002 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
003 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
004 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
005 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
006 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
007 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
008 *
009 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
010 *
011 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
012 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
013 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
014 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
015 * limitations under the License.
016 */
017package org.apache.commons.math4.legacy.analysis.integration.gauss;
018
019import java.math.BigDecimal;
020import java.math.MathContext;
021
022import org.apache.commons.math4.legacy.core.Pair;
023
024/**
025 * Factory that creates Gauss-type quadrature rule using Legendre polynomials.
026 * In this implementation, the lower and upper bounds of the natural interval
027 * of integration are -1 and 1, respectively.
028 * The Legendre polynomials are evaluated using the recurrence relation
029 * presented in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abramowitz_and_Stegun">
030 * Abramowitz and Stegun, 1964</a>.
031 *
032 * @since 3.1
033 */
034public class LegendreHighPrecisionRuleFactory extends BaseRuleFactory<BigDecimal> {
035    /** Settings for enhanced precision computations. */
036    private final MathContext mContext;
037    /** The number {@code 2}. */
038    private final BigDecimal two;
039    /** The number {@code -1}. */
040    private final BigDecimal minusOne;
041    /** The number {@code 0.5}. */
042    private final BigDecimal oneHalf;
043
044    /**
045     * Default precision is {@link MathContext#DECIMAL128 DECIMAL128}.
046     */
047    public LegendreHighPrecisionRuleFactory() {
048        this(MathContext.DECIMAL128);
049    }
050
051    /**
052     * @param mContext Precision setting for computing the quadrature rules.
053     */
054    public LegendreHighPrecisionRuleFactory(MathContext mContext) {
055        this.mContext = mContext;
056        two = new BigDecimal("2", mContext);
057        minusOne = new BigDecimal("-1", mContext);
058        oneHalf = new BigDecimal("0.5", mContext);
059    }
060
061    /** {@inheritDoc} */
062    @Override
063    protected Pair<BigDecimal[], BigDecimal[]> computeRule(int numberOfPoints) {
064        if (numberOfPoints == 1) {
065            // Break recursion.
066            return new Pair<>(new BigDecimal[] { BigDecimal.ZERO },
067                                                        new BigDecimal[] { two });
068        }
069
070        // Get previous rule.
071        // If it has not been computed yet it will trigger a recursive call
072        // to this method.
073        final BigDecimal[] previousPoints = getRuleInternal(numberOfPoints - 1).getFirst();
074
075        // Compute next rule.
076        final BigDecimal[] points = new BigDecimal[numberOfPoints];
077        final BigDecimal[] weights = new BigDecimal[numberOfPoints];
078
079        // Find i-th root of P[n+1] by bracketing.
080        final int iMax = numberOfPoints / 2;
081        for (int i = 0; i < iMax; i++) {
082            // Lower-bound of the interval.
083            BigDecimal a = (i == 0) ? minusOne : previousPoints[i - 1];
084            // Upper-bound of the interval.
085            BigDecimal b = (iMax == 1) ? BigDecimal.ONE : previousPoints[i];
086            // P[j-1](a)
087            BigDecimal pma = BigDecimal.ONE;
088            // P[j](a)
089            BigDecimal pa = a;
090            // P[j-1](b)
091            BigDecimal pmb = BigDecimal.ONE;
092            // P[j](b)
093            BigDecimal pb = b;
094            for (int j = 1; j < numberOfPoints; j++) {
095                final BigDecimal b_two_j_p_1 = new BigDecimal(2 * j + 1, mContext);
096                final BigDecimal b_j = new BigDecimal(j, mContext);
097                final BigDecimal b_j_p_1 = new BigDecimal(j + 1, mContext);
098
099                // Compute P[j+1](a)
100                // ppa = ((2 * j + 1) * a * pa - j * pma) / (j + 1);
101
102                BigDecimal tmp1 = a.multiply(b_two_j_p_1, mContext);
103                tmp1 = pa.multiply(tmp1, mContext);
104                BigDecimal tmp2 = pma.multiply(b_j, mContext);
105                // P[j+1](a)
106                BigDecimal ppa = tmp1.subtract(tmp2, mContext);
107                ppa = ppa.divide(b_j_p_1, mContext);
108
109                // Compute P[j+1](b)
110                // ppb = ((2 * j + 1) * b * pb - j * pmb) / (j + 1);
111
112                tmp1 = b.multiply(b_two_j_p_1, mContext);
113                tmp1 = pb.multiply(tmp1, mContext);
114                tmp2 = pmb.multiply(b_j, mContext);
115                // P[j+1](b)
116                BigDecimal ppb = tmp1.subtract(tmp2, mContext);
117                ppb = ppb.divide(b_j_p_1, mContext);
118
119                pma = pa;
120                pa = ppa;
121                pmb = pb;
122                pb = ppb;
123            }
124            // Now pa = P[n+1](a), and pma = P[n](a). Same holds for b.
125            // Middle of the interval.
126            BigDecimal c = a.add(b, mContext).multiply(oneHalf, mContext);
127            // P[j-1](c)
128            BigDecimal pmc = BigDecimal.ONE;
129            // P[j](c)
130            BigDecimal pc = c;
131            boolean done = false;
132            while (!done) {
133                BigDecimal tmp1 = b.subtract(a, mContext);
134                BigDecimal tmp2 = c.ulp().multiply(BigDecimal.TEN, mContext);
135                done = tmp1.compareTo(tmp2) <= 0;
136                pmc = BigDecimal.ONE;
137                pc = c;
138                for (int j = 1; j < numberOfPoints; j++) {
139                    final BigDecimal b_two_j_p_1 = new BigDecimal(2 * j + 1, mContext);
140                    final BigDecimal b_j = new BigDecimal(j, mContext);
141                    final BigDecimal b_j_p_1 = new BigDecimal(j + 1, mContext);
142
143                    // Compute P[j+1](c)
144                    tmp1 = c.multiply(b_two_j_p_1, mContext);
145                    tmp1 = pc.multiply(tmp1, mContext);
146                    tmp2 = pmc.multiply(b_j, mContext);
147                    // P[j+1](c)
148                    BigDecimal ppc = tmp1.subtract(tmp2, mContext);
149                    ppc = ppc.divide(b_j_p_1, mContext);
150
151                    pmc = pc;
152                    pc = ppc;
153                }
154                // Now pc = P[n+1](c) and pmc = P[n](c).
155                if (!done) {
156                    if (pa.signum() * pc.signum() <= 0) {
157                        b = c;
158                        pmb = pmc;
159                        pb = pc;
160                    } else {
161                        a = c;
162                        pma = pmc;
163                        pa = pc;
164                    }
165                    c = a.add(b, mContext).multiply(oneHalf, mContext);
166                }
167            }
168            final BigDecimal nP = new BigDecimal(numberOfPoints, mContext);
169            BigDecimal tmp1 = pmc.subtract(c.multiply(pc, mContext), mContext);
170            tmp1 = tmp1.multiply(nP);
171            tmp1 = tmp1.pow(2, mContext);
172            BigDecimal tmp2 = c.pow(2, mContext);
173            tmp2 = BigDecimal.ONE.subtract(tmp2, mContext);
174            tmp2 = tmp2.multiply(two, mContext);
175            tmp2 = tmp2.divide(tmp1, mContext);
176
177            points[i] = c;
178            weights[i] = tmp2;
179
180            final int idx = numberOfPoints - i - 1;
181            points[idx] = c.negate(mContext);
182            weights[idx] = tmp2;
183        }
184        // If "numberOfPoints" is odd, 0 is a root.
185        // Note: as written, the test for oddness will work for negative
186        // integers too (although it is not necessary here), preventing
187        // a FindBugs warning.
188        if ((numberOfPoints & 1) != 0) {
189            BigDecimal pmc = BigDecimal.ONE;
190            for (int j = 1; j < numberOfPoints; j += 2) {
191                final BigDecimal b_j = new BigDecimal(j, mContext);
192                final BigDecimal b_j_p_1 = new BigDecimal(j + 1, mContext);
193
194                // pmc = -j * pmc / (j + 1);
195                pmc = pmc.multiply(b_j, mContext);
196                pmc = pmc.divide(b_j_p_1, mContext);
197                pmc = pmc.negate(mContext);
198            }
199
200            // 2 / pow(numberOfPoints * pmc, 2);
201            final BigDecimal nP = new BigDecimal(numberOfPoints, mContext);
202            BigDecimal tmp1 = pmc.multiply(nP, mContext);
203            tmp1 = tmp1.pow(2, mContext);
204            BigDecimal tmp2 = two.divide(tmp1, mContext);
205
206            points[iMax] = BigDecimal.ZERO;
207            weights[iMax] = tmp2;
208        }
209
210        return new Pair<>(points, weights);
211    }
212}