001/* 002 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more 003 * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with 004 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. 005 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 006 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with 007 * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at 008 * 009 * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 010 * 011 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 012 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 013 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 014 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 015 * limitations under the License. 016 */ 017package org.apache.commons.validator.routines; 018 019import java.io.Serializable; 020import java.net.IDN; 021import java.util.Arrays; 022import java.util.List; 023import java.util.Locale; 024 025/** 026 * <p><strong>Domain name</strong> validation routines.</p> 027 * 028 * <p> 029 * This validator provides methods for validating Internet domain names 030 * and top-level domains. 031 * </p> 032 * 033 * <p>Domain names are evaluated according 034 * to the standards <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1034.txt">RFC1034</a>, 035 * section 3, and <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1123.txt">RFC1123</a>, 036 * section 2.1. No accommodation is provided for the specialized needs of 037 * other applications; if the domain name has been URL-encoded, for example, 038 * validation will fail even though the equivalent plaintext version of the 039 * same name would have passed. 040 * </p> 041 * 042 * <p> 043 * Validation is also provided for top-level domains (TLDs) as defined and 044 * maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA): 045 * </p> 046 * 047 * <ul> 048 * <li>{@link #isValidInfrastructureTld} - validates infrastructure TLDs 049 * ({@code .arpa}, etc.)</li> 050 * <li>{@link #isValidGenericTld} - validates generic TLDs 051 * ({@code .com, .org}, etc.)</li> 052 * <li>{@link #isValidCountryCodeTld} - validates country code TLDs 053 * ({@code .us, .uk, .cn}, etc.)</li> 054 * </ul> 055 * 056 * <p> 057 * (<strong>NOTE</strong>: This class does not provide IP address lookup for domain names or 058 * methods to ensure that a given domain name matches a specific IP; see 059 * {@link java.net.InetAddress} for that functionality.) 060 * </p> 061 * 062 * @since 1.4 063 */ 064public class DomainValidator implements Serializable { 065 066 /** 067 * enum used by {@link DomainValidator#updateTLDOverride(ArrayType, String[])} 068 * to determine which override array to update / fetch 069 * @since 1.5.0 070 * @since 1.5.1 made public and added read-only array references 071 */ 072 public enum ArrayType { 073 /** Update (or get a copy of) the GENERIC_TLDS_PLUS table containing additional generic TLDs */ 074 GENERIC_PLUS, 075 /** Update (or get a copy of) the GENERIC_TLDS_MINUS table containing deleted generic TLDs */ 076 GENERIC_MINUS, 077 /** Update (or get a copy of) the COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS_PLUS table containing additional country code TLDs */ 078 COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS, 079 /** Update (or get a copy of) the COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS_MINUS table containing deleted country code TLDs */ 080 COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS, 081 /** Gets a copy of the generic TLDS table */ 082 GENERIC_RO, 083 /** Gets a copy of the country code table */ 084 COUNTRY_CODE_RO, 085 /** Gets a copy of the infrastructure table */ 086 INFRASTRUCTURE_RO, 087 /** Gets a copy of the local table */ 088 LOCAL_RO, 089 /** 090 * Update (or get a copy of) the LOCAL_TLDS_PLUS table containing additional local TLDs 091 * @since 1.7 092 */ 093 LOCAL_PLUS, 094 /** 095 * Update (or get a copy of) the LOCAL_TLDS_MINUS table containing deleted local TLDs 096 * @since 1.7 097 */ 098 LOCAL_MINUS 099 ; 100 } 101 102 private static class IDNBUGHOLDER { 103 private static final boolean IDN_TOASCII_PRESERVES_TRAILING_DOTS = keepsTrailingDot(); 104 private static boolean keepsTrailingDot() { 105 final String input = "a."; // must be a valid name 106 return input.equals(IDN.toASCII(input)); 107 } 108 } 109 110 /** 111 * Used to specify overrides when creating a new class. 112 * @since 1.7 113 */ 114 public static class Item { 115 final ArrayType type; 116 final String[] values; 117 118 /** 119 * Constructs a new instance. 120 * @param type ArrayType, for example, GENERIC_PLUS, LOCAL_PLUS 121 * @param values array of TLDs. Will be lower-cased and sorted 122 */ 123 public Item(final ArrayType type, final String... values) { 124 this.type = type; 125 this.values = values; // no need to copy here 126 } 127 } 128 129 // Regular expression strings for hostnames (derived from RFC2396 and RFC 1123) 130 131 private static class LazyHolder { // IODH 132 133 /** 134 * Singleton instance of this validator, which 135 * doesn't consider local addresses as valid. 136 */ 137 private static final DomainValidator DOMAIN_VALIDATOR = new DomainValidator(false); 138 139 /** 140 * Singleton instance of this validator, which does 141 * consider local addresses valid. 142 */ 143 private static final DomainValidator DOMAIN_VALIDATOR_WITH_LOCAL = new DomainValidator(true); 144 145 } 146 147 /** Maximum allowable length ({@value}) of a domain name */ 148 private static final int MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH = 253; 149 150 private static final String[] EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY = {}; 151 152 private static final long serialVersionUID = -4407125112880174009L; 153 154 // RFC2396: domainlabel = alphanum | alphanum *( alphanum | "-" ) alphanum 155 // Max 63 characters 156 private static final String DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX = "\\p{Alnum}(?>[\\p{Alnum}-]{0,61}\\p{Alnum})?"; 157 158 // RFC2396 toplabel = alpha | alpha *( alphanum | "-" ) alphanum 159 // Max 63 characters 160 private static final String TOP_LABEL_REGEX = "\\p{Alpha}(?>[\\p{Alnum}-]{0,61}\\p{Alnum})?"; 161 162 /** 163 * The above instances must only be returned via the getInstance() methods. 164 * This is to ensure that the override data arrays are properly protected. 165 */ 166 167 // RFC2396 hostname = *( domainlabel "." ) toplabel [ "." ] 168 // Note that the regex currently requires both a domain label and a top level label, whereas 169 // the RFC does not. This is because the regex is used to detect if a TLD is present. 170 // If the match fails, input is checked against DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX (hostnameRegex) 171 // RFC1123 sec 2.1 allows hostnames to start with a digit 172 private static final String DOMAIN_NAME_REGEX = 173 "^(?:" + DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX + "\\.)+" + "(" + TOP_LABEL_REGEX + ")\\.?$"; 174 private static final String UNEXPECTED_ENUM_VALUE = "Unexpected enum value: "; 175 176 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 177 private static final String[] INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS = { 178 "arpa", // internet infrastructure 179 }; 180 181 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 182 private static final String[] GENERIC_TLDS = { 183 // Taken from: 184 // Version 2025061000, Last Updated Tue Jun 10 07:07:01 2025 UTC 185 "aaa", // aaa American Automobile Association, Inc. 186 "aarp", // aarp AARP 187 // "abarth", // abarth Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. 188 "abb", // abb ABB Ltd 189 "abbott", // abbott Abbott Laboratories, Inc. 190 "abbvie", // abbvie AbbVie Inc. 191 "abc", // abc Disney Enterprises, Inc. 192 "able", // able Able Inc. 193 "abogado", // abogado Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 194 "abudhabi", // abudhabi Abu Dhabi Systems and Information Centre 195 "academy", // academy Half Oaks, LLC 196 "accenture", // accenture Accenture plc 197 "accountant", // accountant dot Accountant Limited 198 "accountants", // accountants Knob Town, LLC 199 "aco", // aco ACO Severin Ahlmann GmbH & Co. KG 200// "active", // active The Active Network, Inc 201 "actor", // actor United TLD Holdco Ltd. 202// "adac", // adac Allgemeiner Deutscher Automobil-Club e.V. (ADAC) 203 "ads", // ads Charleston Road Registry Inc. 204 "adult", // adult ICM Registry AD LLC 205 "aeg", // aeg Aktiebolaget Electrolux 206 "aero", // aero Societe Internationale de Telecommunications Aeronautique (SITA INC USA) 207 "aetna", // aetna Aetna Life Insurance Company 208// "afamilycompany", // afamilycompany Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. 209 "afl", // afl Australian Football League 210 "africa", // africa ZA Central Registry NPC trading as Registry.Africa 211 "agakhan", // agakhan Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation) 212 "agency", // agency Steel Falls, LLC 213 "aig", // aig American International Group, Inc. 214// "aigo", // aigo aigo Digital Technology Co,Ltd. [Not assigned as of Jul 25] 215 "airbus", // airbus Airbus S.A.S. 216 "airforce", // airforce United TLD Holdco Ltd. 217 "airtel", // airtel Bharti Airtel Limited 218 "akdn", // akdn Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation) 219 // "alfaromeo", // alfaromeo Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. 220 "alibaba", // alibaba Alibaba Group Holding Limited 221 "alipay", // alipay Alibaba Group Holding Limited 222 "allfinanz", // allfinanz Allfinanz Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft 223 "allstate", // allstate Allstate Fire and Casualty Insurance Company 224 "ally", // ally Ally Financial Inc. 225 "alsace", // alsace REGION D ALSACE 226 "alstom", // alstom ALSTOM 227 "amazon", // amazon Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 228 "americanexpress", // americanexpress American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. 229 "americanfamily", // americanfamily AmFam, Inc. 230 "amex", // amex American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. 231 "amfam", // amfam AmFam, Inc. 232 "amica", // amica Amica Mutual Insurance Company 233 "amsterdam", // amsterdam Gemeente Amsterdam 234 "analytics", // analytics Campus IP LLC 235 "android", // android Charleston Road Registry Inc. 236 "anquan", // anquan QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD. 237 "anz", // anz Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited 238 "aol", // aol AOL Inc. 239 "apartments", // apartments June Maple, LLC 240 "app", // app Charleston Road Registry Inc. 241 "apple", // apple Apple Inc. 242 "aquarelle", // aquarelle Aquarelle.com 243 "arab", // arab League of Arab States 244 "aramco", // aramco Aramco Services Company 245 "archi", // archi STARTING DOT LIMITED 246 "army", // army United TLD Holdco Ltd. 247 "art", // art UK Creative Ideas Limited 248 "arte", // arte Association Relative à la Télévision Européenne G.E.I.E. 249 "asda", // asda Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. 250 "asia", // asia DotAsia Organisation Ltd. 251 "associates", // associates Baxter Hill, LLC 252 "athleta", // athleta The Gap, Inc. 253 "attorney", // attorney United TLD Holdco, Ltd 254 "auction", // auction United TLD HoldCo, Ltd. 255 "audi", // audi AUDI Aktiengesellschaft 256 "audible", // audible Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 257 "audio", // audio Uniregistry, Corp. 258 "auspost", // auspost Australian Postal Corporation 259 "author", // author Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 260 "auto", // auto Uniregistry, Corp. 261 "autos", // autos DERAutos, LLC 262 // "avianca", // avianca Aerovias del Continente Americano S.A. Avianca 263 "aws", // aws Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 264 "axa", // axa AXA SA 265 "azure", // azure Microsoft Corporation 266 "baby", // baby Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc. 267 "baidu", // baidu Baidu, Inc. 268 "banamex", // banamex Citigroup Inc. 269 // "bananarepublic", // bananarepublic The Gap, Inc. 270 "band", // band United TLD Holdco, Ltd 271 "bank", // bank fTLD Registry Services, LLC 272 "bar", // bar Punto 2012 Sociedad Anonima Promotora de Inversion de Capital Variable 273 "barcelona", // barcelona Municipi de Barcelona 274 "barclaycard", // barclaycard Barclays Bank PLC 275 "barclays", // barclays Barclays Bank PLC 276 "barefoot", // barefoot Gallo Vineyards, Inc. 277 "bargains", // bargains Half Hallow, LLC 278 "baseball", // baseball MLB Advanced Media DH, LLC 279 "basketball", // basketball Fédération Internationale de Basketball (FIBA) 280 "bauhaus", // bauhaus Werkhaus GmbH 281 "bayern", // bayern Bayern Connect GmbH 282 "bbc", // bbc British Broadcasting Corporation 283 "bbt", // bbt BB&T Corporation 284 "bbva", // bbva BANCO BILBAO VIZCAYA ARGENTARIA, S.A. 285 "bcg", // bcg The Boston Consulting Group, Inc. 286 "bcn", // bcn Municipi de Barcelona 287 "beats", // beats Beats Electronics, LLC 288 "beauty", // beauty L'Oréal 289 "beer", // beer Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 290 // "bentley", // bentley Bentley Motors Limited 291 "berlin", // berlin dotBERLIN GmbH & Co. KG 292 "best", // best BestTLD Pty Ltd 293 "bestbuy", // bestbuy BBY Solutions, Inc. 294 "bet", // bet Afilias plc 295 "bharti", // bharti Bharti Enterprises (Holding) Private Limited 296 "bible", // bible American Bible Society 297 "bid", // bid dot Bid Limited 298 "bike", // bike Grand Hollow, LLC 299 "bing", // bing Microsoft Corporation 300 "bingo", // bingo Sand Cedar, LLC 301 "bio", // bio STARTING DOT LIMITED 302 "biz", // biz Neustar, Inc. 303 "black", // black Afilias Limited 304 "blackfriday", // blackfriday Uniregistry, Corp. 305// "blanco", // blanco BLANCO GmbH + Co KG 306 "blockbuster", // blockbuster Dish DBS Corporation 307 "blog", // blog Knock Knock WHOIS There, LLC 308 "bloomberg", // bloomberg Bloomberg IP Holdings LLC 309 "blue", // blue Afilias Limited 310 "bms", // bms Bristol-Myers Squibb Company 311 "bmw", // bmw Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft 312// "bnl", // bnl Banca Nazionale del Lavoro 313 "bnpparibas", // bnpparibas BNP Paribas 314 "boats", // boats DERBoats, LLC 315 "boehringer", // boehringer Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH 316 "bofa", // bofa NMS Services, Inc. 317 "bom", // bom Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br 318 "bond", // bond Bond University Limited 319 "boo", // boo Charleston Road Registry Inc. 320 "book", // book Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 321 "booking", // booking Booking.com B.V. 322// "boots", // boots THE BOOTS COMPANY PLC 323 "bosch", // bosch Robert Bosch GMBH 324 "bostik", // bostik Bostik SA 325 "boston", // boston Boston TLD Management, LLC 326 "bot", // bot Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 327 "boutique", // boutique Over Galley, LLC 328 "box", // box NS1 Limited 329 "bradesco", // bradesco Banco Bradesco S.A. 330 "bridgestone", // bridgestone Bridgestone Corporation 331 "broadway", // broadway Celebrate Broadway, Inc. 332 "broker", // broker DOTBROKER REGISTRY LTD 333 "brother", // brother Brother Industries, Ltd. 334 "brussels", // brussels DNS.be vzw 335// "budapest", // budapest Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 336// "bugatti", // bugatti Bugatti International SA 337 "build", // build Plan Bee LLC 338 "builders", // builders Atomic Madison, LLC 339 "business", // business Spring Cross, LLC 340 "buy", // buy Amazon Registry Services, INC 341 "buzz", // buzz DOTSTRATEGY CO. 342 "bzh", // bzh Association www.bzh 343 "cab", // cab Half Sunset, LLC 344 "cafe", // cafe Pioneer Canyon, LLC 345 "cal", // cal Charleston Road Registry Inc. 346 "call", // call Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 347 "calvinklein", // calvinklein PVH gTLD Holdings LLC 348 "cam", // cam AC Webconnecting Holding B.V. 349 "camera", // camera Atomic Maple, LLC 350 "camp", // camp Delta Dynamite, LLC 351// "cancerresearch", // cancerresearch Australian Cancer Research Foundation 352 "canon", // canon Canon Inc. 353 "capetown", // capetown ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry 354 "capital", // capital Delta Mill, LLC 355 "capitalone", // capitalone Capital One Financial Corporation 356 "car", // car Cars Registry Limited 357 "caravan", // caravan Caravan International, Inc. 358 "cards", // cards Foggy Hollow, LLC 359 "care", // care Goose Cross, LLC 360 "career", // career dotCareer LLC 361 "careers", // careers Wild Corner, LLC 362 "cars", // cars Uniregistry, Corp. 363// "cartier", // cartier Richemont DNS Inc. 364 "casa", // casa Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 365 "case", // case CNH Industrial N.V. 366// "caseih", // caseih CNH Industrial N.V. 367 "cash", // cash Delta Lake, LLC 368 "casino", // casino Binky Sky, LLC 369 "cat", // cat Fundacio puntCAT 370 "catering", // catering New Falls. LLC 371 "catholic", // catholic Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication) 372 "cba", // cba COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA 373 "cbn", // cbn The Christian Broadcasting Network, Inc. 374 "cbre", // cbre CBRE, Inc. 375 // "cbs", // cbs CBS Domains Inc. 376// "ceb", // ceb The Corporate Executive Board Company 377 "center", // center Tin Mill, LLC 378 "ceo", // ceo CEOTLD Pty Ltd 379 "cern", // cern European Organization for Nuclear Research ("CERN") 380 "cfa", // cfa CFA Institute 381 "cfd", // cfd DOTCFD REGISTRY LTD 382 "chanel", // chanel Chanel International B.V. 383 "channel", // channel Charleston Road Registry Inc. 384 "charity", // charity Corn Lake, LLC 385 "chase", // chase JPMorgan Chase & Co. 386 "chat", // chat Sand Fields, LLC 387 "cheap", // cheap Sand Cover, LLC 388 "chintai", // chintai CHINTAI Corporation 389// "chloe", // chloe Richemont DNS Inc. (Not assigned) 390 "christmas", // christmas Uniregistry, Corp. 391 "chrome", // chrome Charleston Road Registry Inc. 392// "chrysler", // chrysler FCA US LLC. 393 "church", // church Holly Fileds, LLC 394 "cipriani", // cipriani Hotel Cipriani Srl 395 "circle", // circle Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 396 "cisco", // cisco Cisco Technology, Inc. 397 "citadel", // citadel Citadel Domain LLC 398 "citi", // citi Citigroup Inc. 399 "citic", // citic CITIC Group Corporation 400 "city", // city Snow Sky, LLC 401 // "cityeats", // cityeats Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 402 "claims", // claims Black Corner, LLC 403 "cleaning", // cleaning Fox Shadow, LLC 404 "click", // click Uniregistry, Corp. 405 "clinic", // clinic Goose Park, LLC 406 "clinique", // clinique The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. 407 "clothing", // clothing Steel Lake, LLC 408 "cloud", // cloud ARUBA S.p.A. 409 "club", // club .CLUB DOMAINS, LLC 410 "clubmed", // clubmed Club Méditerranée S.A. 411 "coach", // coach Koko Island, LLC 412 "codes", // codes Puff Willow, LLC 413 "coffee", // coffee Trixy Cover, LLC 414 "college", // college XYZ.COM LLC 415 "cologne", // cologne NetCologne Gesellschaft für Telekommunikation mbH 416 "com", // com VeriSign Global Registry Services 417 // "comcast", // comcast Comcast IP Holdings I, LLC 418 "commbank", // commbank COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA 419 "community", // community Fox Orchard, LLC 420 "company", // company Silver Avenue, LLC 421 "compare", // compare iSelect Ltd 422 "computer", // computer Pine Mill, LLC 423 "comsec", // comsec VeriSign, Inc. 424 "condos", // condos Pine House, LLC 425 "construction", // construction Fox Dynamite, LLC 426 "consulting", // consulting United TLD Holdco, LTD. 427 "contact", // contact Top Level Spectrum, Inc. 428 "contractors", // contractors Magic Woods, LLC 429 "cooking", // cooking Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 430 // "cookingchannel", // cookingchannel Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 431 "cool", // cool Koko Lake, LLC 432 "coop", // coop DotCooperation LLC 433 "corsica", // corsica Collectivité Territoriale de Corse 434 "country", // country Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 435 "coupon", // coupon Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 436 "coupons", // coupons Black Island, LLC 437 "courses", // courses OPEN UNIVERSITIES AUSTRALIA PTY LTD 438 "cpa", // cpa American Institute of Certified Public Accountants 439 "credit", // credit Snow Shadow, LLC 440 "creditcard", // creditcard Binky Frostbite, LLC 441 "creditunion", // creditunion CUNA Performance Resources, LLC 442 "cricket", // cricket dot Cricket Limited 443 "crown", // crown Crown Equipment Corporation 444 "crs", // crs Federated Co-operatives Limited 445 "cruise", // cruise Viking River Cruises (Bermuda) Ltd. 446 "cruises", // cruises Spring Way, LLC 447// "csc", // csc Alliance-One Services, Inc. 448 "cuisinella", // cuisinella SALM S.A.S. 449 "cymru", // cymru Nominet UK 450 "cyou", // cyou Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd. 451// "dabur", // dabur Dabur India Limited 452 "dad", // dad Charleston Road Registry Inc. 453 "dance", // dance United TLD Holdco Ltd. 454 "data", // data Dish DBS Corporation 455 "date", // date dot Date Limited 456 "dating", // dating Pine Fest, LLC 457 "datsun", // datsun NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD. 458 "day", // day Charleston Road Registry Inc. 459 "dclk", // dclk Charleston Road Registry Inc. 460 "dds", // dds Minds + Machines Group Limited 461 "deal", // deal Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 462 "dealer", // dealer Dealer Dot Com, Inc. 463 "deals", // deals Sand Sunset, LLC 464 "degree", // degree United TLD Holdco, Ltd 465 "delivery", // delivery Steel Station, LLC 466 "dell", // dell Dell Inc. 467 "deloitte", // deloitte Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu 468 "delta", // delta Delta Air Lines, Inc. 469 "democrat", // democrat United TLD Holdco Ltd. 470 "dental", // dental Tin Birch, LLC 471 "dentist", // dentist United TLD Holdco, Ltd 472 "desi", // desi Desi Networks LLC 473 "design", // design Top Level Design, LLC 474 "dev", // dev Charleston Road Registry Inc. 475 "dhl", // dhl Deutsche Post AG 476 "diamonds", // diamonds John Edge, LLC 477 "diet", // diet Uniregistry, Corp. 478 "digital", // digital Dash Park, LLC 479 "direct", // direct Half Trail, LLC 480 "directory", // directory Extra Madison, LLC 481 "discount", // discount Holly Hill, LLC 482 "discover", // discover Discover Financial Services 483 "dish", // dish Dish DBS Corporation 484 "diy", // diy Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 485 "dnp", // dnp Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. 486 "docs", // docs Charleston Road Registry Inc. 487 "doctor", // doctor Brice Trail, LLC 488// "dodge", // dodge FCA US LLC. 489 "dog", // dog Koko Mill, LLC 490// "doha", // doha Communications Regulatory Authority (CRA) 491 "domains", // domains Sugar Cross, LLC 492// "doosan", // doosan Doosan Corporation (retired) 493 "dot", // dot Dish DBS Corporation 494 "download", // download dot Support Limited 495 "drive", // drive Charleston Road Registry Inc. 496 "dtv", // dtv Dish DBS Corporation 497 "dubai", // dubai Dubai Smart Government Department 498// "duck", // duck Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. 499 "dunlop", // dunlop The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company 500// "duns", // duns The Dun & Bradstreet Corporation 501 "dupont", // dupont E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company 502 "durban", // durban ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry 503 "dvag", // dvag Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG 504 "dvr", // dvr Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation 505 "earth", // earth Interlink Co., Ltd. 506 "eat", // eat Charleston Road Registry Inc. 507 "eco", // eco Big Room Inc. 508 "edeka", // edeka EDEKA Verband kaufmännischer Genossenschaften e.V. 509 "edu", // edu EDUCAUSE 510 "education", // education Brice Way, LLC 511 "email", // email Spring Madison, LLC 512 "emerck", // emerck Merck KGaA 513 "energy", // energy Binky Birch, LLC 514 "engineer", // engineer United TLD Holdco Ltd. 515 "engineering", // engineering Romeo Canyon 516 "enterprises", // enterprises Snow Oaks, LLC 517// "epost", // epost Deutsche Post AG 518 "epson", // epson Seiko Epson Corporation 519 "equipment", // equipment Corn Station, LLC 520 "ericsson", // ericsson Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson 521 "erni", // erni ERNI Group Holding AG 522 "esq", // esq Charleston Road Registry Inc. 523 "estate", // estate Trixy Park, LLC 524 // "esurance", // esurance Esurance Insurance Company (not assigned as at Version 2020062100) 525 // "etisalat", // etisalat Emirates Telecommunic 526 "eurovision", // eurovision European Broadcasting Union (EBU) 527 "eus", // eus Puntueus Fundazioa 528 "events", // events Pioneer Maple, LLC 529// "everbank", // everbank EverBank 530 "exchange", // exchange Spring Falls, LLC 531 "expert", // expert Magic Pass, LLC 532 "exposed", // exposed Victor Beach, LLC 533 "express", // express Sea Sunset, LLC 534 "extraspace", // extraspace Extra Space Storage LLC 535 "fage", // fage Fage International S.A. 536 "fail", // fail Atomic Pipe, LLC 537 "fairwinds", // fairwinds FairWinds Partners, LLC 538 "faith", // faith dot Faith Limited 539 "family", // family United TLD Holdco Ltd. 540 "fan", // fan Asiamix Digital Ltd 541 "fans", // fans Asiamix Digital Limited 542 "farm", // farm Just Maple, LLC 543 "farmers", // farmers Farmers Insurance Exchange 544 "fashion", // fashion Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 545 "fast", // fast Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 546 "fedex", // fedex Federal Express Corporation 547 "feedback", // feedback Top Level Spectrum, Inc. 548 "ferrari", // ferrari Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. 549 "ferrero", // ferrero Ferrero Trading Lux S.A. 550 // "fiat", // fiat Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. 551 "fidelity", // fidelity Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC 552 "fido", // fido Rogers Communications Canada Inc. 553 "film", // film Motion Picture Domain Registry Pty Ltd 554 "final", // final Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br 555 "finance", // finance Cotton Cypress, LLC 556 "financial", // financial Just Cover, LLC 557 "fire", // fire Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 558 "firestone", // firestone Bridgestone Corporation 559 "firmdale", // firmdale Firmdale Holdings Limited 560 "fish", // fish Fox Woods, LLC 561 "fishing", // fishing Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 562 "fit", // fit Minds + Machines Group Limited 563 "fitness", // fitness Brice Orchard, LLC 564 "flickr", // flickr Yahoo! Domain Services Inc. 565 "flights", // flights Fox Station, LLC 566 "flir", // flir FLIR Systems, Inc. 567 "florist", // florist Half Cypress, LLC 568 "flowers", // flowers Uniregistry, Corp. 569// "flsmidth", // flsmidth FLSmidth A/S retired 2016-07-22 570 "fly", // fly Charleston Road Registry Inc. 571 "foo", // foo Charleston Road Registry Inc. 572 "food", // food Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 573 // "foodnetwork", // foodnetwork Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 574 "football", // football Foggy Farms, LLC 575 "ford", // ford Ford Motor Company 576 "forex", // forex DOTFOREX REGISTRY LTD 577 "forsale", // forsale United TLD Holdco, LLC 578 "forum", // forum Fegistry, LLC 579 "foundation", // foundation John Dale, LLC 580 "fox", // fox FOX Registry, LLC 581 "free", // free Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 582 "fresenius", // fresenius Fresenius Immobilien-Verwaltungs-GmbH 583 "frl", // frl FRLregistry B.V. 584 "frogans", // frogans OP3FT 585 // "frontdoor", // frontdoor Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 586 "frontier", // frontier Frontier Communications Corporation 587 "ftr", // ftr Frontier Communications Corporation 588 "fujitsu", // fujitsu Fujitsu Limited 589// "fujixerox", // fujixerox Xerox DNHC LLC 590 "fun", // fun DotSpace, Inc. 591 "fund", // fund John Castle, LLC 592 "furniture", // furniture Lone Fields, LLC 593 "futbol", // futbol United TLD Holdco, Ltd. 594 "fyi", // fyi Silver Tigers, LLC 595 "gal", // gal Asociación puntoGAL 596 "gallery", // gallery Sugar House, LLC 597 "gallo", // gallo Gallo Vineyards, Inc. 598 "gallup", // gallup Gallup, Inc. 599 "game", // game Uniregistry, Corp. 600 "games", // games United TLD Holdco Ltd. 601 "gap", // gap The Gap, Inc. 602 "garden", // garden Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 603 "gay", // gay Top Level Design, LLC 604 "gbiz", // gbiz Charleston Road Registry Inc. 605 "gdn", // gdn Joint Stock Company "Navigation-information systems" 606 "gea", // gea GEA Group Aktiengesellschaft 607 "gent", // gent COMBELL GROUP NV/SA 608 "genting", // genting Resorts World Inc. Pte. Ltd. 609 "george", // george Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. 610 "ggee", // ggee GMO Internet, Inc. 611 "gift", // gift Uniregistry, Corp. 612 "gifts", // gifts Goose Sky, LLC 613 "gives", // gives United TLD Holdco Ltd. 614 "giving", // giving Giving Limited 615// "glade", // glade Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. 616 "glass", // glass Black Cover, LLC 617 "gle", // gle Charleston Road Registry Inc. 618 "global", // global Dot Global Domain Registry Limited 619 "globo", // globo Globo Comunicação e Participações S.A 620 "gmail", // gmail Charleston Road Registry Inc. 621 "gmbh", // gmbh Extra Dynamite, LLC 622 "gmo", // gmo GMO Internet, Inc. 623 "gmx", // gmx 1&1 Mail & Media GmbH 624 "godaddy", // godaddy Go Daddy East, LLC 625 "gold", // gold June Edge, LLC 626 "goldpoint", // goldpoint YODOBASHI CAMERA CO.,LTD. 627 "golf", // golf Lone Falls, LLC 628 "goo", // goo NTT Resonant Inc. 629// "goodhands", // goodhands Allstate Fire and Casualty Insurance Company 630 "goodyear", // goodyear The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company 631 "goog", // goog Charleston Road Registry Inc. 632 "google", // google Charleston Road Registry Inc. 633 "gop", // gop Republican State Leadership Committee, Inc. 634 "got", // got Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 635 "gov", // gov General Services Administration Attn: QTDC, 2E08 (.gov Domain Registration) 636 "grainger", // grainger Grainger Registry Services, LLC 637 "graphics", // graphics Over Madison, LLC 638 "gratis", // gratis Pioneer Tigers, LLC 639 "green", // green Afilias Limited 640 "gripe", // gripe Corn Sunset, LLC 641 "grocery", // grocery Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. 642 "group", // group Romeo Town, LLC 643 // "guardian", // guardian The Guardian Life Insurance Company of America 644 "gucci", // gucci Guccio Gucci S.p.a. 645 "guge", // guge Charleston Road Registry Inc. 646 "guide", // guide Snow Moon, LLC 647 "guitars", // guitars Uniregistry, Corp. 648 "guru", // guru Pioneer Cypress, LLC 649 "hair", // hair L'Oreal 650 "hamburg", // hamburg Hamburg Top-Level-Domain GmbH 651 "hangout", // hangout Charleston Road Registry Inc. 652 "haus", // haus United TLD Holdco, LTD. 653 "hbo", // hbo HBO Registry Services, Inc. 654 "hdfc", // hdfc HOUSING DEVELOPMENT FINANCE CORPORATION LIMITED 655 "hdfcbank", // hdfcbank HDFC Bank Limited 656 "health", // health DotHealth, LLC 657 "healthcare", // healthcare Silver Glen, LLC 658 "help", // help Uniregistry, Corp. 659 "helsinki", // helsinki City of Helsinki 660 "here", // here Charleston Road Registry Inc. 661 "hermes", // hermes Hermes International 662 // "hgtv", // hgtv Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 663 "hiphop", // hiphop Uniregistry, Corp. 664 "hisamitsu", // hisamitsu Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical Co.,Inc. 665 "hitachi", // hitachi Hitachi, Ltd. 666 "hiv", // hiv dotHIV gemeinnuetziger e.V. 667 "hkt", // hkt PCCW-HKT DataCom Services Limited 668 "hockey", // hockey Half Willow, LLC 669 "holdings", // holdings John Madison, LLC 670 "holiday", // holiday Goose Woods, LLC 671 "homedepot", // homedepot Homer TLC, Inc. 672 "homegoods", // homegoods The TJX Companies, Inc. 673 "homes", // homes DERHomes, LLC 674 "homesense", // homesense The TJX Companies, Inc. 675 "honda", // honda Honda Motor Co., Ltd. 676// "honeywell", // honeywell Honeywell GTLD LLC 677 "horse", // horse Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 678 "hospital", // hospital Ruby Pike, LLC 679 "host", // host DotHost Inc. 680 "hosting", // hosting Uniregistry, Corp. 681 "hot", // hot Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 682 // "hoteles", // hoteles Travel Reservations SRL 683 "hotels", // hotels Booking.com B.V. 684 "hotmail", // hotmail Microsoft Corporation 685 "house", // house Sugar Park, LLC 686 "how", // how Charleston Road Registry Inc. 687 "hsbc", // hsbc HSBC Holdings PLC 688// "htc", // htc HTC corporation (Not assigned) 689 "hughes", // hughes Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation 690 "hyatt", // hyatt Hyatt GTLD, L.L.C. 691 "hyundai", // hyundai Hyundai Motor Company 692 "ibm", // ibm International Business Machines Corporation 693 "icbc", // icbc Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited 694 "ice", // ice IntercontinentalExchange, Inc. 695 "icu", // icu One.com A/S 696 "ieee", // ieee IEEE Global LLC 697 "ifm", // ifm ifm electronic gmbh 698// "iinet", // iinet Connect West Pty. Ltd. (Retired) 699 "ikano", // ikano Ikano S.A. 700 "imamat", // imamat Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation) 701 "imdb", // imdb Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 702 "immo", // immo Auburn Bloom, LLC 703 "immobilien", // immobilien United TLD Holdco Ltd. 704 "inc", // inc Intercap Holdings Inc. 705 "industries", // industries Outer House, LLC 706 "infiniti", // infiniti NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD. 707 "info", // info Afilias Limited 708 "ing", // ing Charleston Road Registry Inc. 709 "ink", // ink Top Level Design, LLC 710 "institute", // institute Outer Maple, LLC 711 "insurance", // insurance fTLD Registry Services LLC 712 "insure", // insure Pioneer Willow, LLC 713 "int", // int Internet Assigned Numbers Authority 714// "intel", // intel Intel Corporation 715 "international", // international Wild Way, LLC 716 "intuit", // intuit Intuit Administrative Services, Inc. 717 "investments", // investments Holly Glen, LLC 718 "ipiranga", // ipiranga Ipiranga Produtos de Petroleo S.A. 719 "irish", // irish Dot-Irish LLC 720// "iselect", // iselect iSelect Ltd 721 "ismaili", // ismaili Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation) 722 "ist", // ist Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality 723 "istanbul", // istanbul Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality / Medya A.S. 724 "itau", // itau Itau Unibanco Holding S.A. 725 "itv", // itv ITV Services Limited 726// "iveco", // iveco CNH Industrial N.V. 727// "iwc", // iwc Richemont DNS Inc. 728 "jaguar", // jaguar Jaguar Land Rover Ltd 729 "java", // java Oracle Corporation 730 "jcb", // jcb JCB Co., Ltd. 731// "jcp", // jcp JCP Media, Inc. 732 "jeep", // jeep FCA US LLC. 733 "jetzt", // jetzt New TLD Company AB 734 "jewelry", // jewelry Wild Bloom, LLC 735 "jio", // jio Affinity Names, Inc. 736// "jlc", // jlc Richemont DNS Inc. 737 "jll", // jll Jones Lang LaSalle Incorporated 738 "jmp", // jmp Matrix IP LLC 739 "jnj", // jnj Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc. 740 "jobs", // jobs Employ Media LLC 741 "joburg", // joburg ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry 742 "jot", // jot Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 743 "joy", // joy Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 744 "jpmorgan", // jpmorgan JPMorgan Chase & Co. 745 "jprs", // jprs Japan Registry Services Co., Ltd. 746 "juegos", // juegos Uniregistry, Corp. 747 "juniper", // juniper JUNIPER NETWORKS, INC. 748 "kaufen", // kaufen United TLD Holdco Ltd. 749 "kddi", // kddi KDDI CORPORATION 750 "kerryhotels", // kerryhotels Kerry Trading Co. Limited 751 "kerrylogistics", // kerrylogistics Kerry Trading Co. Limited 752 "kerryproperties", // kerryproperties Kerry Trading Co. Limited 753 "kfh", // kfh Kuwait Finance House 754 "kia", // kia KIA MOTORS CORPORATION 755 "kids", // kids DotKids Foundation Limited 756 "kim", // kim Afilias Limited 757 // "kinder", // kinder Ferrero Trading Lux S.A. 758 "kindle", // kindle Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 759 "kitchen", // kitchen Just Goodbye, LLC 760 "kiwi", // kiwi DOT KIWI LIMITED 761 "koeln", // koeln NetCologne Gesellschaft für Telekommunikation mbH 762 "komatsu", // komatsu Komatsu Ltd. 763 "kosher", // kosher Kosher Marketing Assets LLC 764 "kpmg", // kpmg KPMG International Cooperative (KPMG International Genossenschaft) 765 "kpn", // kpn Koninklijke KPN N.V. 766 "krd", // krd KRG Department of Information Technology 767 "kred", // kred KredTLD Pty Ltd 768 "kuokgroup", // kuokgroup Kerry Trading Co. Limited 769 "kyoto", // kyoto Academic Institution: Kyoto Jyoho Gakuen 770 "lacaixa", // lacaixa CAIXA D'ESTALVIS I PENSIONS DE BARCELONA 771// "ladbrokes", // ladbrokes LADBROKES INTERNATIONAL PLC 772 "lamborghini", // lamborghini Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. 773 "lamer", // lamer The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. 774 "lancaster", // lancaster LANCASTER 775 // "lancia", // lancia Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. 776// "lancome", // lancome L'Oréal 777 "land", // land Pine Moon, LLC 778 "landrover", // landrover Jaguar Land Rover Ltd 779 "lanxess", // lanxess LANXESS Corporation 780 "lasalle", // lasalle Jones Lang LaSalle Incorporated 781 "lat", // lat ECOM-LAC Federación de Latinoamérica y el Caribe para Internet y el Comercio Electrónico 782 "latino", // latino Dish DBS Corporation 783 "latrobe", // latrobe La Trobe University 784 "law", // law Minds + Machines Group Limited 785 "lawyer", // lawyer United TLD Holdco, Ltd 786 "lds", // lds IRI Domain Management, LLC 787 "lease", // lease Victor Trail, LLC 788 "leclerc", // leclerc A.C.D. LEC Association des Centres Distributeurs Edouard Leclerc 789 "lefrak", // lefrak LeFrak Organization, Inc. 790 "legal", // legal Blue Falls, LLC 791 "lego", // lego LEGO Juris A/S 792 "lexus", // lexus TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION 793 "lgbt", // lgbt Afilias Limited 794// "liaison", // liaison Liaison Technologies, Incorporated 795 "lidl", // lidl Schwarz Domains und Services GmbH & Co. KG 796 "life", // life Trixy Oaks, LLC 797 "lifeinsurance", // lifeinsurance American Council of Life Insurers 798 "lifestyle", // lifestyle Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 799 "lighting", // lighting John McCook, LLC 800 "like", // like Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 801 "lilly", // lilly Eli Lilly and Company 802 "limited", // limited Big Fest, LLC 803 "limo", // limo Hidden Frostbite, LLC 804 "lincoln", // lincoln Ford Motor Company 805 // "linde", // linde Linde Aktiengesellschaft 806 "link", // link Uniregistry, Corp. 807 "lipsy", // lipsy Lipsy Ltd 808 "live", // live United TLD Holdco Ltd. 809 "living", // living Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 810// "lixil", // lixil LIXIL Group Corporation 811 "llc", // llc Afilias plc 812 "llp", // llp Dot Registry LLC 813 "loan", // loan dot Loan Limited 814 "loans", // loans June Woods, LLC 815 "locker", // locker Dish DBS Corporation 816 "locus", // locus Locus Analytics LLC 817// "loft", // loft Annco, Inc. 818 "lol", // lol Uniregistry, Corp. 819 "london", // london Dot London Domains Limited 820 "lotte", // lotte Lotte Holdings Co., Ltd. 821 "lotto", // lotto Afilias Limited 822 "love", // love Merchant Law Group LLP 823 "lpl", // lpl LPL Holdings, Inc. 824 "lplfinancial", // lplfinancial LPL Holdings, Inc. 825 "ltd", // ltd Over Corner, LLC 826 "ltda", // ltda InterNetX Corp. 827 "lundbeck", // lundbeck H. Lundbeck A/S 828// "lupin", // lupin LUPIN LIMITED 829 "luxe", // luxe Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 830 "luxury", // luxury Luxury Partners LLC 831 // "macys", // macys Macys, Inc. 832 "madrid", // madrid Comunidad de Madrid 833 "maif", // maif Mutuelle Assurance Instituteur France (MAIF) 834 "maison", // maison Victor Frostbite, LLC 835 "makeup", // makeup L'Oréal 836 "man", // man MAN SE 837 "management", // management John Goodbye, LLC 838 "mango", // mango PUNTO FA S.L. 839 "map", // map Charleston Road Registry Inc. 840 "market", // market Unitied TLD Holdco, Ltd 841 "marketing", // marketing Fern Pass, LLC 842 "markets", // markets DOTMARKETS REGISTRY LTD 843 "marriott", // marriott Marriott Worldwide Corporation 844 "marshalls", // marshalls The TJX Companies, Inc. 845 // "maserati", // maserati Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. 846 "mattel", // mattel Mattel Sites, Inc. 847 "mba", // mba Lone Hollow, LLC 848// "mcd", // mcd McDonald’s Corporation (Not assigned) 849// "mcdonalds", // mcdonalds McDonald’s Corporation (Not assigned) 850 "mckinsey", // mckinsey McKinsey Holdings, Inc. 851 "med", // med Medistry LLC 852 "media", // media Grand Glen, LLC 853 "meet", // meet Afilias Limited 854 "melbourne", // melbourne The Crown in right of the State of Victoria, represented by its Department of State Development, Business and Innovation 855 "meme", // meme Charleston Road Registry Inc. 856 "memorial", // memorial Dog Beach, LLC 857 "men", // men Exclusive Registry Limited 858 "menu", // menu Wedding TLD2, LLC 859// "meo", // meo PT Comunicacoes S.A. 860 "merckmsd", // merckmsd MSD Registry Holdings, Inc. 861// "metlife", // metlife MetLife Services and Solutions, LLC 862 "miami", // miami Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 863 "microsoft", // microsoft Microsoft Corporation 864 "mil", // mil DoD Network Information Center 865 "mini", // mini Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft 866 "mint", // mint Intuit Administrative Services, Inc. 867 "mit", // mit Massachusetts Institute of Technology 868 "mitsubishi", // mitsubishi Mitsubishi Corporation 869 "mlb", // mlb MLB Advanced Media DH, LLC 870 "mls", // mls The Canadian Real Estate Association 871 "mma", // mma MMA IARD 872 "mobi", // mobi Afilias Technologies Limited dba dotMobi 873 "mobile", // mobile Dish DBS Corporation 874// "mobily", // mobily GreenTech Consultancy Company W.L.L. 875 "moda", // moda United TLD Holdco Ltd. 876 "moe", // moe Interlink Co., Ltd. 877 "moi", // moi Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 878 "mom", // mom Uniregistry, Corp. 879 "monash", // monash Monash University 880 "money", // money Outer McCook, LLC 881 "monster", // monster Monster Worldwide, Inc. 882// "montblanc", // montblanc Richemont DNS Inc. (Not assigned) 883// "mopar", // mopar FCA US LLC. 884 "mormon", // mormon IRI Domain Management, LLC ("Applicant") 885 "mortgage", // mortgage United TLD Holdco, Ltd 886 "moscow", // moscow Foundation for Assistance for Internet Technologies and Infrastructure Development (FAITID) 887 "moto", // moto Motorola Trademark Holdings, LLC 888 "motorcycles", // motorcycles DERMotorcycles, LLC 889 "mov", // mov Charleston Road Registry Inc. 890 "movie", // movie New Frostbite, LLC 891// "movistar", // movistar Telefónica S.A. 892 "msd", // msd MSD Registry Holdings, Inc. 893 "mtn", // mtn MTN Dubai Limited 894// "mtpc", // mtpc Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation (Retired) 895 "mtr", // mtr MTR Corporation Limited 896 "museum", // museum Museum Domain Management Association 897 "music", // music DotMusic Limited 898 // "mutual", // mutual Northwestern Mutual MU TLD Registry, LLC 899// "mutuelle", // mutuelle Fédération Nationale de la Mutualité Française (Retired) 900 "nab", // nab National Australia Bank Limited 901// "nadex", // nadex Nadex Domains, Inc 902 "nagoya", // nagoya GMO Registry, Inc. 903 "name", // name VeriSign Information Services, Inc. 904// "nationwide", // nationwide Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company 905// "natura", // natura NATURA COSMÉTICOS S.A. 906 "navy", // navy United TLD Holdco Ltd. 907 "nba", // nba NBA REGISTRY, LLC 908 "nec", // nec NEC Corporation 909 "net", // net VeriSign Global Registry Services 910 "netbank", // netbank COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA 911 "netflix", // netflix Netflix, Inc. 912 "network", // network Trixy Manor, LLC 913 "neustar", // neustar NeuStar, Inc. 914 "new", // new Charleston Road Registry Inc. 915// "newholland", // newholland CNH Industrial N.V. 916 "news", // news United TLD Holdco Ltd. 917 "next", // next Next plc 918 "nextdirect", // nextdirect Next plc 919 "nexus", // nexus Charleston Road Registry Inc. 920 "nfl", // nfl NFL Reg Ops LLC 921 "ngo", // ngo Public Interest Registry 922 "nhk", // nhk Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK) 923 "nico", // nico DWANGO Co., Ltd. 924 "nike", // nike NIKE, Inc. 925 "nikon", // nikon NIKON CORPORATION 926 "ninja", // ninja United TLD Holdco Ltd. 927 "nissan", // nissan NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD. 928 "nissay", // nissay Nippon Life Insurance Company 929 "nokia", // nokia Nokia Corporation 930 // "northwesternmutual", // northwesternmutual Northwestern Mutual Registry, LLC 931 "norton", // norton Symantec Corporation 932 "now", // now Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 933 "nowruz", // nowruz Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. 934 "nowtv", // nowtv Starbucks (HK) Limited 935 "nra", // nra NRA Holdings Company, INC. 936 "nrw", // nrw Minds + Machines GmbH 937 "ntt", // ntt NIPPON TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE CORPORATION 938 "nyc", // nyc The City of New York by and through the New York City Department of Information Technology & Telecommunications 939 "obi", // obi OBI Group Holding SE & Co. KGaA 940 "observer", // observer Top Level Spectrum, Inc. 941// "off", // off Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. 942 "office", // office Microsoft Corporation 943 "okinawa", // okinawa BusinessRalliart inc. 944 "olayan", // olayan Crescent Holding GmbH 945 "olayangroup", // olayangroup Crescent Holding GmbH 946 // "oldnavy", // oldnavy The Gap, Inc. 947 "ollo", // ollo Dish DBS Corporation 948 "omega", // omega The Swatch Group Ltd 949 "one", // one One.com A/S 950 "ong", // ong Public Interest Registry 951 "onl", // onl I-REGISTRY Ltd., Niederlassung Deutschland 952 "online", // online DotOnline Inc. 953// "onyourside", // onyourside Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company 954 "ooo", // ooo INFIBEAM INCORPORATION LIMITED 955 "open", // open American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. 956 "oracle", // oracle Oracle Corporation 957 "orange", // orange Orange Brand Services Limited 958 "org", // org Public Interest Registry (PIR) 959 "organic", // organic Afilias Limited 960// "orientexpress", // orientexpress Orient Express (retired 2017-04-11) 961 "origins", // origins The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. 962 "osaka", // osaka Interlink Co., Ltd. 963 "otsuka", // otsuka Otsuka Holdings Co., Ltd. 964 "ott", // ott Dish DBS Corporation 965 "ovh", // ovh OVH SAS 966 "page", // page Charleston Road Registry Inc. 967// "pamperedchef", // pamperedchef The Pampered Chef, Ltd. (Not assigned) 968 "panasonic", // panasonic Panasonic Corporation 969// "panerai", // panerai Richemont DNS Inc. 970 "paris", // paris City of Paris 971 "pars", // pars Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. 972 "partners", // partners Magic Glen, LLC 973 "parts", // parts Sea Goodbye, LLC 974 "party", // party Blue Sky Registry Limited 975 // "passagens", // passagens Travel Reservations SRL 976 "pay", // pay Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 977 "pccw", // pccw PCCW Enterprises Limited 978 "pet", // pet Afilias plc 979 "pfizer", // pfizer Pfizer Inc. 980 "pharmacy", // pharmacy National Association of Boards of Pharmacy 981 "phd", // phd Charleston Road Registry Inc. 982 "philips", // philips Koninklijke Philips N.V. 983 "phone", // phone Dish DBS Corporation 984 "photo", // photo Uniregistry, Corp. 985 "photography", // photography Sugar Glen, LLC 986 "photos", // photos Sea Corner, LLC 987 "physio", // physio PhysBiz Pty Ltd 988// "piaget", // piaget Richemont DNS Inc. 989 "pics", // pics Uniregistry, Corp. 990 "pictet", // pictet Pictet Europe S.A. 991 "pictures", // pictures Foggy Sky, LLC 992 "pid", // pid Top Level Spectrum, Inc. 993 "pin", // pin Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 994 "ping", // ping Ping Registry Provider, Inc. 995 "pink", // pink Afilias Limited 996 "pioneer", // pioneer Pioneer Corporation 997 "pizza", // pizza Foggy Moon, LLC 998 "place", // place Snow Galley, LLC 999 "play", // play Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1000 "playstation", // playstation Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. 1001 "plumbing", // plumbing Spring Tigers, LLC 1002 "plus", // plus Sugar Mill, LLC 1003 "pnc", // pnc PNC Domain Co., LLC 1004 "pohl", // pohl Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG 1005 "poker", // poker Afilias Domains No. 5 Limited 1006 "politie", // politie Politie Nederland 1007 "porn", // porn ICM Registry PN LLC 1008 "post", // post Universal Postal Union 1009 "pramerica", // pramerica Prudential Financial, Inc. 1010 "praxi", // praxi Praxi S.p.A. 1011 "press", // press DotPress Inc. 1012 "prime", // prime Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1013 "pro", // pro Registry Services Corporation dba RegistryPro 1014 "prod", // prod Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1015 "productions", // productions Magic Birch, LLC 1016 "prof", // prof Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1017 "progressive", // progressive Progressive Casualty Insurance Company 1018 "promo", // promo Afilias plc 1019 "properties", // properties Big Pass, LLC 1020 "property", // property Uniregistry, Corp. 1021 "protection", // protection XYZ.COM LLC 1022 "pru", // pru Prudential Financial, Inc. 1023 "prudential", // prudential Prudential Financial, Inc. 1024 "pub", // pub United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1025 "pwc", // pwc PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP 1026 "qpon", // qpon dotCOOL, Inc. 1027 "quebec", // quebec PointQuébec Inc 1028 "quest", // quest Quest ION Limited 1029// "qvc", // qvc QVC, Inc. 1030 "racing", // racing Premier Registry Limited 1031 "radio", // radio European Broadcasting Union (EBU) 1032// "raid", // raid Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. 1033 "read", // read Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1034 "realestate", // realestate dotRealEstate LLC 1035 "realtor", // realtor Real Estate Domains LLC 1036 "realty", // realty Fegistry, LLC 1037 "recipes", // recipes Grand Island, LLC 1038 "red", // red Afilias Limited 1039 "redstone", // redstone Redstone Haute Couture Co., Ltd. 1040 "redumbrella", // redumbrella Travelers TLD, LLC 1041 "rehab", // rehab United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1042 "reise", // reise Foggy Way, LLC 1043 "reisen", // reisen New Cypress, LLC 1044 "reit", // reit National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, Inc. 1045 "reliance", // reliance Reliance Industries Limited 1046 "ren", // ren Beijing Qianxiang Wangjing Technology Development Co., Ltd. 1047 "rent", // rent XYZ.COM LLC 1048 "rentals", // rentals Big Hollow,LLC 1049 "repair", // repair Lone Sunset, LLC 1050 "report", // report Binky Glen, LLC 1051 "republican", // republican United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1052 "rest", // rest Punto 2012 Sociedad Anonima Promotora de Inversion de Capital Variable 1053 "restaurant", // restaurant Snow Avenue, LLC 1054 "review", // review dot Review Limited 1055 "reviews", // reviews United TLD Holdco, Ltd. 1056 "rexroth", // rexroth Robert Bosch GMBH 1057 "rich", // rich I-REGISTRY Ltd., Niederlassung Deutschland 1058 "richardli", // richardli Pacific Century Asset Management (HK) Limited 1059 "ricoh", // ricoh Ricoh Company, Ltd. 1060 // "rightathome", // rightathome Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. (retired 2020-07-31) 1061 "ril", // ril Reliance Industries Limited 1062 "rio", // rio Empresa Municipal de Informática SA - IPLANRIO 1063 "rip", // rip United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1064// "rmit", // rmit Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology 1065 // "rocher", // rocher Ferrero Trading Lux S.A. 1066 "rocks", // rocks United TLD Holdco, LTD. 1067 "rodeo", // rodeo Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 1068 "rogers", // rogers Rogers Communications Canada Inc. 1069 "room", // room Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1070 "rsvp", // rsvp Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1071 "rugby", // rugby World Rugby Strategic Developments Limited 1072 "ruhr", // ruhr regiodot GmbH & Co. KG 1073 "run", // run Snow Park, LLC 1074 "rwe", // rwe RWE AG 1075 "ryukyu", // ryukyu BusinessRalliart inc. 1076 "saarland", // saarland dotSaarland GmbH 1077 "safe", // safe Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1078 "safety", // safety Safety Registry Services, LLC. 1079 "sakura", // sakura SAKURA Internet Inc. 1080 "sale", // sale United TLD Holdco, Ltd 1081 "salon", // salon Outer Orchard, LLC 1082 "samsclub", // samsclub Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. 1083 "samsung", // samsung SAMSUNG SDS CO., LTD 1084 "sandvik", // sandvik Sandvik AB 1085 "sandvikcoromant", // sandvikcoromant Sandvik AB 1086 "sanofi", // sanofi Sanofi 1087 "sap", // sap SAP AG 1088// "sapo", // sapo PT Comunicacoes S.A. 1089 "sarl", // sarl Delta Orchard, LLC 1090 "sas", // sas Research IP LLC 1091 "save", // save Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1092 "saxo", // saxo Saxo Bank A/S 1093 "sbi", // sbi STATE BANK OF INDIA 1094 "sbs", // sbs SPECIAL BROADCASTING SERVICE CORPORATION 1095 // "sca", // sca SVENSKA CELLULOSA AKTIEBOLAGET SCA (publ) 1096 "scb", // scb The Siam Commercial Bank Public Company Limited ("SCB") 1097 "schaeffler", // schaeffler Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG 1098 "schmidt", // schmidt SALM S.A.S. 1099 "scholarships", // scholarships Scholarships.com, LLC 1100 "school", // school Little Galley, LLC 1101 "schule", // schule Outer Moon, LLC 1102 "schwarz", // schwarz Schwarz Domains und Services GmbH & Co. KG 1103 "science", // science dot Science Limited 1104// "scjohnson", // scjohnson Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. 1105 // "scor", // scor SCOR SE (not assigned as at Version 2020062100) 1106 "scot", // scot Dot Scot Registry Limited 1107 "search", // search Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1108 "seat", // seat SEAT, S.A. (Sociedad Unipersonal) 1109 "secure", // secure Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1110 "security", // security XYZ.COM LLC 1111 "seek", // seek Seek Limited 1112 "select", // select iSelect Ltd 1113 "sener", // sener Sener IngenierÃa y Sistemas, S.A. 1114 "services", // services Fox Castle, LLC 1115// "ses", // ses SES 1116 "seven", // seven Seven West Media Ltd 1117 "sew", // sew SEW-EURODRIVE GmbH & Co KG 1118 "sex", // sex ICM Registry SX LLC 1119 "sexy", // sexy Uniregistry, Corp. 1120 "sfr", // sfr Societe Francaise du Radiotelephone - SFR 1121 "shangrila", // shangrila Shangriâ€La International Hotel Management Limited 1122 "sharp", // sharp Sharp Corporation 1123// "shaw", // shaw Shaw Cablesystems G.P. 1124 "shell", // shell Shell Information Technology International Inc 1125 "shia", // shia Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. 1126 "shiksha", // shiksha Afilias Limited 1127 "shoes", // shoes Binky Galley, LLC 1128 "shop", // shop GMO Registry, Inc. 1129 "shopping", // shopping Over Keep, LLC 1130 "shouji", // shouji QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD. 1131 "show", // show Snow Beach, LLC 1132 // "showtime", // showtime CBS Domains Inc. 1133// "shriram", // shriram Shriram Capital Ltd. 1134 "silk", // silk Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1135 "sina", // sina Sina Corporation 1136 "singles", // singles Fern Madison, LLC 1137 "site", // site DotSite Inc. 1138 "ski", // ski STARTING DOT LIMITED 1139 "skin", // skin L'Oréal 1140 "sky", // sky Sky International AG 1141 "skype", // skype Microsoft Corporation 1142 "sling", // sling Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation 1143 "smart", // smart Smart Communications, Inc. (SMART) 1144 "smile", // smile Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1145 "sncf", // sncf SNCF (Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Francais) 1146 "soccer", // soccer Foggy Shadow, LLC 1147 "social", // social United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1148 "softbank", // softbank SoftBank Group Corp. 1149 "software", // software United TLD Holdco, Ltd 1150 "sohu", // sohu Sohu.com Limited 1151 "solar", // solar Ruby Town, LLC 1152 "solutions", // solutions Silver Cover, LLC 1153 "song", // song Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1154 "sony", // sony Sony Corporation 1155 "soy", // soy Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1156 "spa", // spa Asia Spa and Wellness Promotion Council Limited 1157 "space", // space DotSpace Inc. 1158// "spiegel", // spiegel SPIEGEL-Verlag Rudolf Augstein GmbH & Co. KG 1159 "sport", // sport Global Association of International Sports Federations (GAISF) 1160 "spot", // spot Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1161// "spreadbetting", // spreadbetting DOTSPREADBETTING REGISTRY LTD 1162 "srl", // srl InterNetX Corp. 1163// "srt", // srt FCA US LLC. 1164 "stada", // stada STADA Arzneimittel AG 1165 "staples", // staples Staples, Inc. 1166 "star", // star Star India Private Limited 1167// "starhub", // starhub StarHub Limited 1168 "statebank", // statebank STATE BANK OF INDIA 1169 "statefarm", // statefarm State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company 1170// "statoil", // statoil Statoil ASA 1171 "stc", // stc Saudi Telecom Company 1172 "stcgroup", // stcgroup Saudi Telecom Company 1173 "stockholm", // stockholm Stockholms kommun 1174 "storage", // storage Self Storage Company LLC 1175 "store", // store DotStore Inc. 1176 "stream", // stream dot Stream Limited 1177 "studio", // studio United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1178 "study", // study OPEN UNIVERSITIES AUSTRALIA PTY LTD 1179 "style", // style Binky Moon, LLC 1180 "sucks", // sucks Vox Populi Registry Ltd. 1181 "supplies", // supplies Atomic Fields, LLC 1182 "supply", // supply Half Falls, LLC 1183 "support", // support Grand Orchard, LLC 1184 "surf", // surf Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 1185 "surgery", // surgery Tin Avenue, LLC 1186 "suzuki", // suzuki SUZUKI MOTOR CORPORATION 1187 "swatch", // swatch The Swatch Group Ltd 1188// "swiftcover", // swiftcover Swiftcover Insurance Services Limited 1189 "swiss", // swiss Swiss Confederation 1190 "sydney", // sydney State of New South Wales, Department of Premier and Cabinet 1191// "symantec", // symantec Symantec Corporation [Not assigned as of Jul 25] 1192 "systems", // systems Dash Cypress, LLC 1193 "tab", // tab Tabcorp Holdings Limited 1194 "taipei", // taipei Taipei City Government 1195 "talk", // talk Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1196 "taobao", // taobao Alibaba Group Holding Limited 1197 "target", // target Target Domain Holdings, LLC 1198 "tatamotors", // tatamotors Tata Motors Ltd 1199 "tatar", // tatar LLC "Coordination Center of Regional Domain of Tatarstan Republic" 1200 "tattoo", // tattoo Uniregistry, Corp. 1201 "tax", // tax Storm Orchard, LLC 1202 "taxi", // taxi Pine Falls, LLC 1203 "tci", // tci Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. 1204 "tdk", // tdk TDK Corporation 1205 "team", // team Atomic Lake, LLC 1206 "tech", // tech Dot Tech LLC 1207 "technology", // technology Auburn Falls, LLC 1208 "tel", // tel Telnic Ltd. 1209// "telecity", // telecity TelecityGroup International Limited 1210// "telefonica", // telefonica Telefónica S.A. 1211 "temasek", // temasek Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited 1212 "tennis", // tennis Cotton Bloom, LLC 1213 "teva", // teva Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited 1214 "thd", // thd Homer TLC, Inc. 1215 "theater", // theater Blue Tigers, LLC 1216 "theatre", // theatre XYZ.COM LLC 1217 "tiaa", // tiaa Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America 1218 "tickets", // tickets Accent Media Limited 1219 "tienda", // tienda Victor Manor, LLC 1220 // "tiffany", // tiffany Tiffany and Company 1221 "tips", // tips Corn Willow, LLC 1222 "tires", // tires Dog Edge, LLC 1223 "tirol", // tirol punkt Tirol GmbH 1224 "tjmaxx", // tjmaxx The TJX Companies, Inc. 1225 "tjx", // tjx The TJX Companies, Inc. 1226 "tkmaxx", // tkmaxx The TJX Companies, Inc. 1227 "tmall", // tmall Alibaba Group Holding Limited 1228 "today", // today Pearl Woods, LLC 1229 "tokyo", // tokyo GMO Registry, Inc. 1230 "tools", // tools Pioneer North, LLC 1231 "top", // top Jiangsu Bangning Science & Technology Co.,Ltd. 1232 "toray", // toray Toray Industries, Inc. 1233 "toshiba", // toshiba TOSHIBA Corporation 1234 "total", // total Total SA 1235 "tours", // tours Sugar Station, LLC 1236 "town", // town Koko Moon, LLC 1237 "toyota", // toyota TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION 1238 "toys", // toys Pioneer Orchard, LLC 1239 "trade", // trade Elite Registry Limited 1240 "trading", // trading DOTTRADING REGISTRY LTD 1241 "training", // training Wild Willow, LLC 1242 "travel", // travel Tralliance Registry Management Company, LLC. 1243 // "travelchannel", // travelchannel Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 1244 "travelers", // travelers Travelers TLD, LLC 1245 "travelersinsurance", // travelersinsurance Travelers TLD, LLC 1246 "trust", // trust Artemis Internet Inc 1247 "trv", // trv Travelers TLD, LLC 1248 "tube", // tube Latin American Telecom LLC 1249 "tui", // tui TUI AG 1250 "tunes", // tunes Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1251 "tushu", // tushu Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1252 "tvs", // tvs T V SUNDRAM IYENGAR & SONS PRIVATE LIMITED 1253 "ubank", // ubank National Australia Bank Limited 1254 "ubs", // ubs UBS AG 1255// "uconnect", // uconnect FCA US LLC. 1256 "unicom", // unicom China United Network Communications Corporation Limited 1257 "university", // university Little Station, LLC 1258 "uno", // uno Dot Latin LLC 1259 "uol", // uol UBN INTERNET LTDA. 1260 "ups", // ups UPS Market Driver, Inc. 1261 "vacations", // vacations Atomic Tigers, LLC 1262 "vana", // vana Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 1263 "vanguard", // vanguard The Vanguard Group, Inc. 1264 "vegas", // vegas Dot Vegas, Inc. 1265 "ventures", // ventures Binky Lake, LLC 1266 "verisign", // verisign VeriSign, Inc. 1267 "versicherung", // versicherung dotversicherung-registry GmbH 1268 "vet", // vet United TLD Holdco, Ltd 1269 "viajes", // viajes Black Madison, LLC 1270 "video", // video United TLD Holdco, Ltd 1271 "vig", // vig VIENNA INSURANCE GROUP AG Wiener Versicherung Gruppe 1272 "viking", // viking Viking River Cruises (Bermuda) Ltd. 1273 "villas", // villas New Sky, LLC 1274 "vin", // vin Holly Shadow, LLC 1275 "vip", // vip Minds + Machines Group Limited 1276 "virgin", // virgin Virgin Enterprises Limited 1277 "visa", // visa Visa Worldwide Pte. Limited 1278 "vision", // vision Koko Station, LLC 1279// "vista", // vista Vistaprint Limited 1280// "vistaprint", // vistaprint Vistaprint Limited 1281 "viva", // viva Saudi Telecom Company 1282 "vivo", // vivo Telefonica Brasil S.A. 1283 "vlaanderen", // vlaanderen DNS.be vzw 1284 "vodka", // vodka Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 1285 // "volkswagen", // volkswagen Volkswagen Group of America Inc. 1286 "volvo", // volvo Volvo Holding Sverige Aktiebolag 1287 "vote", // vote Monolith Registry LLC 1288 "voting", // voting Valuetainment Corp. 1289 "voto", // voto Monolith Registry LLC 1290 "voyage", // voyage Ruby House, LLC 1291 // "vuelos", // vuelos Travel Reservations SRL 1292 "wales", // wales Nominet UK 1293 "walmart", // walmart Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. 1294 "walter", // walter Sandvik AB 1295 "wang", // wang Zodiac Registry Limited 1296 "wanggou", // wanggou Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1297// "warman", // warman Weir Group IP Limited 1298 "watch", // watch Sand Shadow, LLC 1299 "watches", // watches Richemont DNS Inc. 1300 "weather", // weather The Weather Channel, LLC 1301 "weatherchannel", // weatherchannel The Weather Channel, LLC 1302 "webcam", // webcam dot Webcam Limited 1303 "weber", // weber Saint-Gobain Weber SA 1304 "website", // website DotWebsite Inc. 1305 "wed", // wed Atgron, Inc. 1306 "wedding", // wedding Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 1307 "weibo", // weibo Sina Corporation 1308 "weir", // weir Weir Group IP Limited 1309 "whoswho", // whoswho Who's Who Registry 1310 "wien", // wien punkt.wien GmbH 1311 "wiki", // wiki Top Level Design, LLC 1312 "williamhill", // williamhill William Hill Organization Limited 1313 "win", // win First Registry Limited 1314 "windows", // windows Microsoft Corporation 1315 "wine", // wine June Station, LLC 1316 "winners", // winners The TJX Companies, Inc. 1317 "wme", // wme William Morris Endeavor Entertainment, LLC 1318 "wolterskluwer", // wolterskluwer Wolters Kluwer N.V. 1319 "woodside", // woodside Woodside Petroleum Limited 1320 "work", // work Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 1321 "works", // works Little Dynamite, LLC 1322 "world", // world Bitter Fields, LLC 1323 "wow", // wow Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1324 "wtc", // wtc World Trade Centers Association, Inc. 1325 "wtf", // wtf Hidden Way, LLC 1326 "xbox", // xbox Microsoft Corporation 1327 "xerox", // xerox Xerox DNHC LLC 1328 // "xfinity", // xfinity Comcast IP Holdings I, LLC 1329 "xihuan", // xihuan QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD. 1330 "xin", // xin Elegant Leader Limited 1331 "xn--11b4c3d", // कॉम VeriSign Sarl 1332 "xn--1ck2e1b", // セール Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1333 "xn--1qqw23a", // 佛山 Guangzhou YU Wei Information Technology Co., Ltd. 1334 "xn--30rr7y", // 慈善 Excellent First Limited 1335 "xn--3bst00m", // 集团 Eagle Horizon Limited 1336 "xn--3ds443g", // 在线 TLD REGISTRY LIMITED 1337// "xn--3oq18vl8pn36a", // 大众汽车 Volkswagen (China) Investment Co., Ltd. 1338 "xn--3pxu8k", // 点看 VeriSign Sarl 1339 "xn--42c2d9a", // คà¸à¸¡ VeriSign Sarl 1340 "xn--45q11c", // å…«å¦ Zodiac Scorpio Limited 1341 "xn--4gbrim", // موقع Suhub Electronic Establishment 1342 "xn--55qw42g", // 公益 China Organizational Name Administration Center 1343 "xn--55qx5d", // å…¬å¸ Computer Network Information Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences (China Internet Network Information Center) 1344 "xn--5su34j936bgsg", // é¦™æ ¼é‡Œæ‹‰ Shangriâ€La International Hotel Management Limited 1345 "xn--5tzm5g", // 网站 Global Website TLD Asia Limited 1346 "xn--6frz82g", // 移动 Afilias Limited 1347 "xn--6qq986b3xl", // æˆ‘çˆ±ä½ Tycoon Treasure Limited 1348 "xn--80adxhks", // моÑква Foundation for Assistance for Internet Technologies and Infrastructure Development (FAITID) 1349 "xn--80aqecdr1a", // католик Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication) 1350 "xn--80asehdb", // онлайн CORE Association 1351 "xn--80aswg", // Ñайт CORE Association 1352 "xn--8y0a063a", // è”通 China United Network Communications Corporation Limited 1353 "xn--90ae", // бг Imena.BG Plc (NAMES.BG Plc) 1354 "xn--9dbq2a", // ×§×•× VeriSign Sarl 1355 "xn--9et52u", // æ—¶å°š RISE VICTORY LIMITED 1356 "xn--9krt00a", // å¾®åš Sina Corporation 1357 "xn--b4w605ferd", // 淡马锡 Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited 1358 "xn--bck1b9a5dre4c", // ファッション Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1359 "xn--c1avg", // орг Public Interest Registry 1360 "xn--c2br7g", // नेट VeriSign Sarl 1361 "xn--cck2b3b", // ストア Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1362 "xn--cckwcxetd", // アマゾン Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1363 "xn--cg4bki", // 삼성 SAMSUNG SDS CO., LTD 1364 "xn--czr694b", // å•†æ ‡ HU YI GLOBAL INFORMATION RESOURCES(HOLDING) COMPANY.HONGKONG LIMITED 1365 "xn--czrs0t", // 商店 Wild Island, LLC 1366 "xn--czru2d", // 商城 Zodiac Aquarius Limited 1367 "xn--d1acj3b", // дети The Foundation for Network Initiatives “The Smart Internet†1368 "xn--eckvdtc9d", // ãƒã‚¤ãƒ³ãƒˆ Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1369 "xn--efvy88h", // æ–°é—» Xinhua News Agency Guangdong Branch æ–°åŽé€šè®¯ç¤¾å¹¿ä¸œåˆ†ç¤¾ 1370// "xn--estv75g", // 工行 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited 1371 "xn--fct429k", // å®¶é›» Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1372 "xn--fhbei", // كوم VeriSign Sarl 1373 "xn--fiq228c5hs", // 䏿–‡ç½‘ TLD REGISTRY LIMITED 1374 "xn--fiq64b", // ä¸ä¿¡ CITIC Group Corporation 1375 "xn--fjq720a", // å¨±ä¹ Will Bloom, LLC 1376 "xn--flw351e", // è°·æŒ Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1377 "xn--fzys8d69uvgm", // 電訊盈科 PCCW Enterprises Limited 1378 "xn--g2xx48c", // è´ç‰© Minds + Machines Group Limited 1379 "xn--gckr3f0f", // クラウド Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1380 "xn--gk3at1e", // 通販 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1381 "xn--hxt814e", // 网店 Zodiac Libra Limited 1382 "xn--i1b6b1a6a2e", // संगठन Public Interest Registry 1383 "xn--imr513n", // é¤åŽ… HU YI GLOBAL INFORMATION RESOURCES (HOLDING) COMPANY. HONGKONG LIMITED 1384 "xn--io0a7i", // 网络 Computer Network Information Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences (China Internet Network Information Center) 1385 "xn--j1aef", // ком VeriSign Sarl 1386 "xn--jlq480n2rg", // 亚马逊 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1387// "xn--jlq61u9w7b", // 诺基亚 Nokia Corporation 1388 "xn--jvr189m", // é£Ÿå“ Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1389 "xn--kcrx77d1x4a", // 飞利浦 Koninklijke Philips N.V. 1390// "xn--kpu716f", // 手表 Richemont DNS Inc. [Not assigned as of Jul 25] 1391 "xn--kput3i", // 手机 Beijing RITT-Net Technology Development Co., Ltd 1392 "xn--mgba3a3ejt", // ارامكو Aramco Services Company 1393 "xn--mgba7c0bbn0a", // العليان Crescent Holding GmbH 1394 // "xn--mgbaakc7dvf", // اتصالات Emirates Telecommunications Corporation (trading as Etisalat) 1395 "xn--mgbab2bd", // بازار CORE Association 1396// "xn--mgbb9fbpob", // موبايلي GreenTech Consultancy Company W.L.L. 1397 "xn--mgbca7dzdo", // ابوظبي Abu Dhabi Systems and Information Centre 1398 "xn--mgbi4ecexp", // كاثوليك Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication) 1399 "xn--mgbt3dhd", // همراه Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. 1400 "xn--mk1bu44c", // ë‹·ì»´ VeriSign Sarl 1401 "xn--mxtq1m", // 政府 Net-Chinese Co., Ltd. 1402 "xn--ngbc5azd", // شبكة International Domain Registry Pty. Ltd. 1403 "xn--ngbe9e0a", // بيتك Kuwait Finance House 1404 "xn--ngbrx", // عرب League of Arab States 1405 "xn--nqv7f", // 机构 Public Interest Registry 1406 "xn--nqv7fs00ema", // 组织机构 Public Interest Registry 1407 "xn--nyqy26a", // å¥åº· Stable Tone Limited 1408 "xn--otu796d", // æ‹›è˜ Dot Trademark TLD Holding Company Limited 1409 "xn--p1acf", // Ñ€ÑƒÑ Rusnames Limited 1410// "xn--pbt977c", // ç å® Richemont DNS Inc. [Not assigned as of Jul 25] 1411 "xn--pssy2u", // 大拿 VeriSign Sarl 1412 "xn--q9jyb4c", // ã¿ã‚“㪠Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1413 "xn--qcka1pmc", // グーグル Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1414 "xn--rhqv96g", // 世界 Stable Tone Limited 1415 "xn--rovu88b", // æ›¸ç± Amazon EU S.à r.l. 1416 "xn--ses554g", // ç½‘å€ KNET Co., Ltd 1417 "xn--t60b56a", // ë‹·ë„· VeriSign Sarl 1418 "xn--tckwe", // コムVeriSign Sarl 1419 "xn--tiq49xqyj", // 天主教 Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication) 1420 "xn--unup4y", // æ¸¸æˆ Spring Fields, LLC 1421 "xn--vermgensberater-ctb", // VERMöGENSBERATER Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG 1422 "xn--vermgensberatung-pwb", // VERMöGENSBERATUNG Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG 1423 "xn--vhquv", // ä¼ä¸š Dash McCook, LLC 1424 "xn--vuq861b", // ä¿¡æ¯ Beijing Tele-info Network Technology Co., Ltd. 1425 "xn--w4r85el8fhu5dnra", // 嘉里大酒店 Kerry Trading Co. Limited 1426 "xn--w4rs40l", // 嘉里 Kerry Trading Co. Limited 1427 "xn--xhq521b", // 广东 Guangzhou YU Wei Information Technology Co., Ltd. 1428 "xn--zfr164b", // 政务 China Organizational Name Administration Center 1429// "xperia", // xperia Sony Mobile Communications AB 1430 "xxx", // xxx ICM Registry LLC 1431 "xyz", // xyz XYZ.COM LLC 1432 "yachts", // yachts DERYachts, LLC 1433 "yahoo", // yahoo Yahoo! Domain Services Inc. 1434 "yamaxun", // yamaxun Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1435 "yandex", // yandex YANDEX, LLC 1436 "yodobashi", // yodobashi YODOBASHI CAMERA CO.,LTD. 1437 "yoga", // yoga Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 1438 "yokohama", // yokohama GMO Registry, Inc. 1439 "you", // you Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1440 "youtube", // youtube Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1441 "yun", // yun QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD. 1442 "zappos", // zappos Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1443 "zara", // zara Industria de Diseño Textil, S.A. (INDITEX, S.A.) 1444 "zero", // zero Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1445 "zip", // zip Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1446// "zippo", // zippo Zadco Company 1447 "zone", // zone Outer Falls, LLC 1448 "zuerich", // zuerich Kanton Zürich (Canton of Zurich) 1449}; 1450 1451 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 1452 private static final String[] COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS = { 1453 // Taken from Version 2024040200, Last Updated Tue Apr 2 07:07:02 2024 UTC 1454 "ac", // Ascension Island 1455 "ad", // Andorra 1456 "ae", // United Arab Emirates 1457 "af", // Afghanistan 1458 "ag", // Antigua and Barbuda 1459 "ai", // Anguilla 1460 "al", // Albania 1461 "am", // Armenia 1462// "an", // Netherlands Antilles (retired) 1463 "ao", // Angola 1464 "aq", // Antarctica 1465 "ar", // Argentina 1466 "as", // American Samoa 1467 "at", // Austria 1468 "au", // Australia (includes Ashmore and Cartier Islands and Coral Sea Islands) 1469 "aw", // Aruba 1470 "ax", // Ã…land 1471 "az", // Azerbaijan 1472 "ba", // Bosnia and Herzegovina 1473 "bb", // Barbados 1474 "bd", // Bangladesh 1475 "be", // Belgium 1476 "bf", // Burkina Faso 1477 "bg", // Bulgaria 1478 "bh", // Bahrain 1479 "bi", // Burundi 1480 "bj", // Benin 1481 "bm", // Bermuda 1482 "bn", // Brunei Darussalam 1483 "bo", // Bolivia 1484 "br", // Brazil 1485 "bs", // Bahamas 1486 "bt", // Bhutan 1487 "bv", // Bouvet Island 1488 "bw", // Botswana 1489 "by", // Belarus 1490 "bz", // Belize 1491 "ca", // Canada 1492 "cc", // Cocos (Keeling) Islands 1493 "cd", // Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire) 1494 "cf", // Central African Republic 1495 "cg", // Republic of the Congo 1496 "ch", // Switzerland 1497 "ci", // Côte d'Ivoire 1498 "ck", // Cook Islands 1499 "cl", // Chile 1500 "cm", // Cameroon 1501 "cn", // China, mainland 1502 "co", // Colombia 1503 "cr", // Costa Rica 1504 "cu", // Cuba 1505 "cv", // Cape Verde 1506 "cw", // Curaçao 1507 "cx", // Christmas Island 1508 "cy", // Cyprus 1509 "cz", // Czech Republic 1510 "de", // Germany 1511 "dj", // Djibouti 1512 "dk", // Denmark 1513 "dm", // Dominica 1514 "do", // Dominican Republic 1515 "dz", // Algeria 1516 "ec", // Ecuador 1517 "ee", // Estonia 1518 "eg", // Egypt 1519 "er", // Eritrea 1520 "es", // Spain 1521 "et", // Ethiopia 1522 "eu", // European Union 1523 "fi", // Finland 1524 "fj", // Fiji 1525 "fk", // Falkland Islands 1526 "fm", // Federated States of Micronesia 1527 "fo", // Faroe Islands 1528 "fr", // France 1529 "ga", // Gabon 1530 "gb", // Great Britain (United Kingdom) 1531 "gd", // Grenada 1532 "ge", // Georgia 1533 "gf", // French Guiana 1534 "gg", // Guernsey 1535 "gh", // Ghana 1536 "gi", // Gibraltar 1537 "gl", // Greenland 1538 "gm", // The Gambia 1539 "gn", // Guinea 1540 "gp", // Guadeloupe 1541 "gq", // Equatorial Guinea 1542 "gr", // Greece 1543 "gs", // South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 1544 "gt", // Guatemala 1545 "gu", // Guam 1546 "gw", // Guinea-Bissau 1547 "gy", // Guyana 1548 "hk", // Hong Kong 1549 "hm", // Heard Island and McDonald Islands 1550 "hn", // Honduras 1551 "hr", // Croatia (Hrvatska) 1552 "ht", // Haiti 1553 "hu", // Hungary 1554 "id", // Indonesia 1555 "ie", // Ireland (Éire) 1556 "il", // Israel 1557 "im", // Isle of Man 1558 "in", // India 1559 "io", // British Indian Ocean Territory 1560 "iq", // Iraq 1561 "ir", // Iran 1562 "is", // Iceland 1563 "it", // Italy 1564 "je", // Jersey 1565 "jm", // Jamaica 1566 "jo", // Jordan 1567 "jp", // Japan 1568 "ke", // Kenya 1569 "kg", // Kyrgyzstan 1570 "kh", // Cambodia (Khmer) 1571 "ki", // Kiribati 1572 "km", // Comoros 1573 "kn", // Saint Kitts and Nevis 1574 "kp", // North Korea 1575 "kr", // South Korea 1576 "kw", // Kuwait 1577 "ky", // Cayman Islands 1578 "kz", // Kazakhstan 1579 "la", // Laos (currently being marketed as the official domain for Los Angeles) 1580 "lb", // Lebanon 1581 "lc", // Saint Lucia 1582 "li", // Liechtenstein 1583 "lk", // Sri Lanka 1584 "lr", // Liberia 1585 "ls", // Lesotho 1586 "lt", // Lithuania 1587 "lu", // Luxembourg 1588 "lv", // Latvia 1589 "ly", // Libya 1590 "ma", // Morocco 1591 "mc", // Monaco 1592 "md", // Moldova 1593 "me", // Montenegro 1594 "mg", // Madagascar 1595 "mh", // Marshall Islands 1596 "mk", // Republic of Macedonia 1597 "ml", // Mali 1598 "mm", // Myanmar 1599 "mn", // Mongolia 1600 "mo", // Macau 1601 "mp", // Northern Mariana Islands 1602 "mq", // Martinique 1603 "mr", // Mauritania 1604 "ms", // Montserrat 1605 "mt", // Malta 1606 "mu", // Mauritius 1607 "mv", // Maldives 1608 "mw", // Malawi 1609 "mx", // Mexico 1610 "my", // Malaysia 1611 "mz", // Mozambique 1612 "na", // Namibia 1613 "nc", // New Caledonia 1614 "ne", // Niger 1615 "nf", // Norfolk Island 1616 "ng", // Nigeria 1617 "ni", // Nicaragua 1618 "nl", // Netherlands 1619 "no", // Norway 1620 "np", // Nepal 1621 "nr", // Nauru 1622 "nu", // Niue 1623 "nz", // New Zealand 1624 "om", // Oman 1625 "pa", // Panama 1626 "pe", // Peru 1627 "pf", // French Polynesia With Clipperton Island 1628 "pg", // Papua New Guinea 1629 "ph", // Philippines 1630 "pk", // Pakistan 1631 "pl", // Poland 1632 "pm", // Saint-Pierre and Miquelon 1633 "pn", // Pitcairn Islands 1634 "pr", // Puerto Rico 1635 "ps", // Palestinian territories (PA-controlled West Bank and Gaza Strip) 1636 "pt", // Portugal 1637 "pw", // Palau 1638 "py", // Paraguay 1639 "qa", // Qatar 1640 "re", // Réunion 1641 "ro", // Romania 1642 "rs", // Serbia 1643 "ru", // Russia 1644 "rw", // Rwanda 1645 "sa", // Saudi Arabia 1646 "sb", // Solomon Islands 1647 "sc", // Seychelles 1648 "sd", // Sudan 1649 "se", // Sweden 1650 "sg", // Singapore 1651 "sh", // Saint Helena 1652 "si", // Slovenia 1653 "sj", // Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands Not in use (Norwegian dependencies; see .no) 1654 "sk", // Slovakia 1655 "sl", // Sierra Leone 1656 "sm", // San Marino 1657 "sn", // Senegal 1658 "so", // Somalia 1659 "sr", // Suriname 1660 "ss", // ss National Communication Authority (NCA) 1661 "st", // São Tomé and PrÃncipe 1662 "su", // Soviet Union (deprecated) 1663 "sv", // El Salvador 1664 "sx", // Sint Maarten 1665 "sy", // Syria 1666 "sz", // Swaziland 1667 "tc", // Turks and Caicos Islands 1668 "td", // Chad 1669 "tf", // French Southern and Antarctic Lands 1670 "tg", // Togo 1671 "th", // Thailand 1672 "tj", // Tajikistan 1673 "tk", // Tokelau 1674 "tl", // East Timor (deprecated old code) 1675 "tm", // Turkmenistan 1676 "tn", // Tunisia 1677 "to", // Tonga 1678// "tp", // East Timor (Retired) 1679 "tr", // Turkey 1680 "tt", // Trinidad and Tobago 1681 "tv", // Tuvalu 1682 "tw", // Taiwan, Republic of China 1683 "tz", // Tanzania 1684 "ua", // Ukraine 1685 "ug", // Uganda 1686 "uk", // United Kingdom 1687 "us", // United States of America 1688 "uy", // Uruguay 1689 "uz", // Uzbekistan 1690 "va", // Vatican City State 1691 "vc", // Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1692 "ve", // Venezuela 1693 "vg", // British Virgin Islands 1694 "vi", // U.S. Virgin Islands 1695 "vn", // Vietnam 1696 "vu", // Vanuatu 1697 "wf", // Wallis and Futuna 1698 "ws", // Samoa (formerly Western Samoa) 1699 "xn--2scrj9c", // à²à²¾à²°à²¤ National Internet eXchange of India 1700 "xn--3e0b707e", // í•œêµ KISA (Korea Internet & Security Agency) 1701 "xn--3hcrj9c", // à¬à¬¾à¬°à¬¤ National Internet eXchange of India 1702 "xn--45br5cyl", // à¦à¦¾à§°à¦¤ National Internet eXchange of India 1703 "xn--45brj9c", // à¦à¦¾à¦°à¦¤ National Internet Exchange of India 1704 "xn--4dbrk0ce", // ישר×ל The Israel Internet Association (RA) 1705 "xn--54b7fta0cc", // বাংলা Posts and Telecommunications Division 1706 "xn--80ao21a", // қаз Association of IT Companies of Kazakhstan 1707 "xn--90a3ac", // Ñрб Serbian National Internet Domain Registry (RNIDS) 1708 "xn--90ais", // ??? Reliable Software Inc. 1709 "xn--clchc0ea0b2g2a9gcd", // சிஙà¯à®•பà¯à®ªà¯‚ர௠Singapore Network Information Centre (SGNIC) Pte Ltd 1710 "xn--d1alf", // мкд Macedonian Academic Research Network Skopje 1711 "xn--e1a4c", // ею EURid vzw/asbl 1712 "xn--fiqs8s", // ä¸å›½ China Internet Network Information Center 1713 "xn--fiqz9s", // ä¸åœ‹ China Internet Network Information Center 1714 "xn--fpcrj9c3d", // à°à°¾à°°à°¤à± National Internet Exchange of India 1715 "xn--fzc2c9e2c", // ලංක෠LK Domain Registry 1716 "xn--gecrj9c", // àªàª¾àª°àª¤ National Internet Exchange of India 1717 "xn--h2breg3eve", // à¤à¤¾à¤°à¤¤à¤®à¥ National Internet eXchange of India 1718 "xn--h2brj9c", // à¤à¤¾à¤°à¤¤ National Internet Exchange of India 1719 "xn--h2brj9c8c", // à¤à¤¾à¤°à¥‹à¤¤ National Internet eXchange of India 1720 "xn--j1amh", // укр Ukrainian Network Information Centre (UANIC), Inc. 1721 "xn--j6w193g", // 香港 Hong Kong Internet Registration Corporation Ltd. 1722 "xn--kprw13d", // å°æ¹¾ Taiwan Network Information Center (TWNIC) 1723 "xn--kpry57d", // å°ç£ Taiwan Network Information Center (TWNIC) 1724 "xn--l1acc", // мон Datacom Co.,Ltd 1725 "xn--lgbbat1ad8j", // الجزائر CERIST 1726 "xn--mgb9awbf", // عمان Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA) 1727 "xn--mgba3a4f16a", // ایران Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM) 1728 "xn--mgbaam7a8h", // امارات Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA) 1729 "xn--mgbah1a3hjkrd", // موريتانيا Université de Nouakchott Al Aasriya 1730 "xn--mgbai9azgqp6j", // پاکستان National Telecommunication Corporation 1731 "xn--mgbayh7gpa", // الاردن National Information Technology Center (NITC) 1732 "xn--mgbbh1a", // بارت National Internet eXchange of India 1733 "xn--mgbbh1a71e", // بھارت National Internet Exchange of India 1734 "xn--mgbc0a9azcg", // المغرب Agence Nationale de Réglementation des Télécommunications (ANRT) 1735 "xn--mgbcpq6gpa1a", // Ø§Ù„Ø¨ØØ±ÙŠÙ† Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA) 1736 "xn--mgberp4a5d4ar", // السعودية Communications and Information Technology Commission 1737 "xn--mgbgu82a", // ڀارت National Internet eXchange of India 1738 "xn--mgbpl2fh", // ????? Sudan Internet Society 1739 "xn--mgbtx2b", // عراق Communications and Media Commission (CMC) 1740 "xn--mgbx4cd0ab", // مليسيا MYNIC Berhad 1741 "xn--mix891f", // 澳門 Bureau of Telecommunications Regulation (DSRT) 1742 "xn--node", // გე Information Technologies Development Center (ITDC) 1743 "xn--o3cw4h", // ไทย Thai Network Information Center Foundation 1744 "xn--ogbpf8fl", // سورية National Agency for Network Services (NANS) 1745 "xn--p1ai", // рф Coordination Center for TLD RU 1746 "xn--pgbs0dh", // تونس Agence Tunisienne d'Internet 1747 "xn--q7ce6a", // ລາວ Lao National Internet Center (LANIC) 1748 "xn--qxa6a", // ευ EURid vzw/asbl 1749 "xn--qxam", // ελ ICS-FORTH GR 1750 "xn--rvc1e0am3e", // à´à´¾à´°à´¤à´‚ National Internet eXchange of India 1751 "xn--s9brj9c", // à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤ National Internet Exchange of India 1752 "xn--wgbh1c", // مصر National Telecommunication Regulatory Authority - NTRA 1753 "xn--wgbl6a", // قطر Communications Regulatory Authority 1754 "xn--xkc2al3hye2a", // இலஙà¯à®•ை LK Domain Registry 1755 "xn--xkc2dl3a5ee0h", // இநà¯à®¤à®¿à®¯à®¾ National Internet Exchange of India 1756 "xn--y9a3aq", // ??? Internet Society 1757 "xn--yfro4i67o", // æ–°åŠ å¡ Singapore Network Information Centre (SGNIC) Pte Ltd 1758 "xn--ygbi2ammx", // Ùلسطين Ministry of Telecom & Information Technology (MTIT) 1759 "ye", // Yemen 1760 "yt", // Mayotte 1761 "za", // South Africa 1762 "zm", // Zambia 1763 "zw", // Zimbabwe 1764 }; 1765 1766 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 1767 private static final String[] LOCAL_TLDS = { 1768 "localdomain", // Also widely used as localhost.localdomain 1769 "localhost", // RFC2606 defined 1770 }; 1771 /* 1772 * This field is used to detect whether the getInstance has been called. 1773 * After this, the method updateTLDOverride is not allowed to be called. 1774 * This field does not need to be volatile since it is only accessed from 1775 * synchronized methods. 1776 */ 1777 private static boolean inUse; 1778 /* 1779 * These arrays are mutable. 1780 * They can only be updated by the updateTLDOverride method, and readers must first get an instance 1781 * using the getInstance methods which are all (now) synchronized. 1782 * The only other access is via getTLDEntries which is now synchronized. 1783 */ 1784 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 1785 private static String[] countryCodeTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1786 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 1787 private static String[] genericTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1788 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 1789 private static String[] countryCodeTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1790 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 1791 private static String[] genericTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1792 1793 // The constructors are deliberately private to avoid possible problems with unsafe publication. 1794 // It is vital that the static override arrays are not mutable once they have been used in an instance 1795 // The arrays could be copied into the instance variables, however if the static array were changed it could 1796 // result in different settings for the shared default instances 1797 1798 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 1799 private static String[] localTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1800 1801 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 1802 private static String[] localTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1803 1804 /** 1805 * Check if a sorted array contains the specified key 1806 * 1807 * @param sortedArray the array to search 1808 * @param key the key to find 1809 * @return {@code true} if the array contains the key 1810 */ 1811 private static boolean arrayContains(final String[] sortedArray, final String key) { 1812 return Arrays.binarySearch(sortedArray, key) >= 0; 1813 } 1814 1815 /** 1816 * Returns the singleton instance of this validator. It 1817 * will not consider local addresses as valid. 1818 * @return the singleton instance of this validator 1819 */ 1820 public static synchronized DomainValidator getInstance() { 1821 inUse = true; 1822 return LazyHolder.DOMAIN_VALIDATOR; 1823 } 1824 1825 /** 1826 * Returns the singleton instance of this validator, 1827 * with local validation as required. 1828 * @param allowLocal Should local addresses be considered valid? 1829 * @return the singleton instance of this validator 1830 */ 1831 public static synchronized DomainValidator getInstance(final boolean allowLocal) { 1832 inUse = true; 1833 if (allowLocal) { 1834 return LazyHolder.DOMAIN_VALIDATOR_WITH_LOCAL; 1835 } 1836 return LazyHolder.DOMAIN_VALIDATOR; 1837 } 1838 1839 /** 1840 * Returns a new instance of this validator. 1841 * The user can provide a list of {@link Item} entries which can 1842 * be used to override the generic and country code lists. 1843 * Note that any such entries override values provided by the 1844 * {@link #updateTLDOverride(ArrayType, String[])} method 1845 * If an entry for a particular type is not provided, then 1846 * the class override (if any) is retained. 1847 * 1848 * @param allowLocal Should local addresses be considered valid? 1849 * @param items array of {@link Item} entries 1850 * @return an instance of this validator 1851 * @since 1.7 1852 */ 1853 public static synchronized DomainValidator getInstance(final boolean allowLocal, final List<Item> items) { 1854 inUse = true; 1855 return new DomainValidator(allowLocal, items); 1856 } 1857 1858 /** 1859 * Gets a copy of a class level internal array. 1860 * @param table the array type (any of the enum values) 1861 * @return a copy of the array 1862 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the table type is unexpected (should not happen) 1863 * @since 1.5.1 1864 */ 1865 public static synchronized String[] getTLDEntries(final ArrayType table) { 1866 final String[] array; 1867 switch (table) { 1868 case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS: 1869 array = countryCodeTLDsMinus; 1870 break; 1871 case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS: 1872 array = countryCodeTLDsPlus; 1873 break; 1874 case GENERIC_MINUS: 1875 array = genericTLDsMinus; 1876 break; 1877 case GENERIC_PLUS: 1878 array = genericTLDsPlus; 1879 break; 1880 case LOCAL_MINUS: 1881 array = localTLDsMinus; 1882 break; 1883 case LOCAL_PLUS: 1884 array = localTLDsPlus; 1885 break; 1886 case GENERIC_RO: 1887 array = GENERIC_TLDS; 1888 break; 1889 case COUNTRY_CODE_RO: 1890 array = COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS; 1891 break; 1892 case INFRASTRUCTURE_RO: 1893 array = INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS; 1894 break; 1895 case LOCAL_RO: 1896 array = LOCAL_TLDS; 1897 break; 1898 default: 1899 throw new IllegalArgumentException(UNEXPECTED_ENUM_VALUE + table); 1900 } 1901 return Arrays.copyOf(array, array.length); // clone the array 1902 } 1903 1904 /* 1905 * Check if input contains only ASCII 1906 * Treats null as all ASCII 1907 */ 1908 private static boolean isOnlyASCII(final String input) { 1909 if (input == null) { 1910 return true; 1911 } 1912 for (int i = 0; i < input.length(); i++) { 1913 if (input.charAt(i) > 0x7F) { // CHECKSTYLE IGNORE MagicNumber 1914 return false; 1915 } 1916 } 1917 return true; 1918 } 1919 1920 /** 1921 * Converts potentially Unicode input to punycode. 1922 * If conversion fails, returns the original input. 1923 * 1924 * @param input the string to convert, not null 1925 * @return converted input, or original input if conversion fails 1926 */ 1927 // Needed by UrlValidator 1928 static String unicodeToASCII(final String input) { 1929 if (isOnlyASCII(input)) { // skip possibly expensive processing 1930 return input; 1931 } 1932 try { 1933 final String ascii = IDN.toASCII(input); 1934 if (IDNBUGHOLDER.IDN_TOASCII_PRESERVES_TRAILING_DOTS) { 1935 return ascii; 1936 } 1937 final int length = input.length(); 1938 if (length == 0) { // check there is a last character 1939 return input; 1940 } 1941 // RFC3490 3.1. 1) 1942 // Whenever dots are used as label separators, the following 1943 // characters MUST be recognized as dots: U+002E (full stop), U+3002 1944 // (ideographic full stop), U+FF0E (fullwidth full stop), U+FF61 1945 // (halfwidth ideographic full stop). 1946 final char lastChar = input.charAt(length - 1); // fetch original last char 1947 switch (lastChar) { 1948 case '\u002E': // "." full stop 1949 case '\u3002': // ideographic full stop 1950 case '\uFF0E': // fullwidth full stop 1951 case '\uFF61': // halfwidth ideographic full stop 1952 return ascii + "."; // restore the missing stop 1953 default: 1954 return ascii; 1955 } 1956 } catch (final IllegalArgumentException e) { // input is not valid 1957 return input; 1958 } 1959 } 1960 1961 /** 1962 * Update one of the TLD override arrays. 1963 * This must only be done at program startup, before any instances are accessed using getInstance. 1964 * <p> 1965 * For example: 1966 * <p> 1967 * {@code DomainValidator.updateTLDOverride(ArrayType.GENERIC_PLUS, "apache")} 1968 * <p> 1969 * To clear an override array, provide an empty array. 1970 * 1971 * @param table the table to update, see {@link DomainValidator.ArrayType} 1972 * Must be one of the following 1973 * <ul> 1974 * <li>COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS</li> 1975 * <li>COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS</li> 1976 * <li>GENERIC_MINUS</li> 1977 * <li>GENERIC_PLUS</li> 1978 * <li>LOCAL_MINUS</li> 1979 * <li>LOCAL_PLUS</li> 1980 * </ul> 1981 * @param tlds the array of TLDs, must not be null 1982 * @throws IllegalStateException if the method is called after getInstance 1983 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if one of the read-only tables is requested 1984 * @since 1.5.0 1985 */ 1986 public static synchronized void updateTLDOverride(final ArrayType table, final String... tlds) { 1987 if (inUse) { 1988 throw new IllegalStateException("Can only invoke this method before calling getInstance"); 1989 } 1990 final String[] copy = new String[tlds.length]; 1991 // Comparisons are always done with lower-case entries 1992 for (int i = 0; i < tlds.length; i++) { 1993 copy[i] = tlds[i].toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH); 1994 } 1995 Arrays.sort(copy); 1996 switch (table) { 1997 case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS: 1998 countryCodeTLDsMinus = copy; 1999 break; 2000 case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS: 2001 countryCodeTLDsPlus = copy; 2002 break; 2003 case GENERIC_MINUS: 2004 genericTLDsMinus = copy; 2005 break; 2006 case GENERIC_PLUS: 2007 genericTLDsPlus = copy; 2008 break; 2009 case LOCAL_MINUS: 2010 localTLDsMinus = copy; 2011 break; 2012 case LOCAL_PLUS: 2013 localTLDsPlus = copy; 2014 break; 2015 case COUNTRY_CODE_RO: 2016 case GENERIC_RO: 2017 case INFRASTRUCTURE_RO: 2018 case LOCAL_RO: 2019 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot update the table: " + table); 2020 default: 2021 throw new IllegalArgumentException(UNEXPECTED_ENUM_VALUE + table); 2022 } 2023 } 2024 2025 /** Whether to allow local overrides. */ 2026 private final boolean allowLocal; 2027 2028 // TLDs defined by IANA 2029 // Authoritative and comprehensive list at: 2030 // https://data.iana.org/TLD/tlds-alpha-by-domain.txt 2031 2032 // Note that the above list is in UPPER case. 2033 // The code currently converts strings to lower case (as per the tables below) 2034 2035 // IANA also provide an HTML list at http://www.iana.org/domains/root/db 2036 // Note that this contains several country code entries which are NOT in 2037 // the text file. These all have the "Not assigned" in the "Sponsoring Organisation" column 2038 // For example (as of 2015-01-02): 2039 // .bl country-code Not assigned 2040 // .um country-code Not assigned 2041 2042 /** 2043 * RegexValidator for matching domains. 2044 */ 2045 private final RegexValidator domainRegex = 2046 new RegexValidator(DOMAIN_NAME_REGEX); 2047 2048 /** 2049 * RegexValidator for matching a local hostname 2050 */ 2051 // RFC1123 sec 2.1 allows hostnames to start with a digit 2052 private final RegexValidator hostnameRegex = 2053 new RegexValidator(DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX); 2054 2055 /** Local override. */ 2056 final String[] myCountryCodeTLDsMinus; 2057 2058 /** Local override. */ 2059 final String[] myCountryCodeTLDsPlus; 2060 2061 // Additional arrays to supplement or override the built in ones. 2062 // The PLUS arrays are valid keys, the MINUS arrays are invalid keys 2063 2064 /** Local override. */ 2065 final String[] myGenericTLDsPlus; 2066 2067 /** Local override. */ 2068 final String[] myGenericTLDsMinus; 2069 2070 /** Local override. */ 2071 final String[] myLocalTLDsPlus; 2072 2073 /** Local override. */ 2074 final String[] myLocalTLDsMinus; 2075 2076 /* 2077 * It is vital that instances are immutable. This is because the default instances are shared. 2078 */ 2079 2080 /** 2081 * Private constructor. 2082 */ 2083 private DomainValidator(final boolean allowLocal) { 2084 this.allowLocal = allowLocal; 2085 // link to class overrides 2086 myCountryCodeTLDsMinus = countryCodeTLDsMinus; 2087 myCountryCodeTLDsPlus = countryCodeTLDsPlus; 2088 myGenericTLDsPlus = genericTLDsPlus; 2089 myGenericTLDsMinus = genericTLDsMinus; 2090 myLocalTLDsPlus = localTLDsPlus; 2091 myLocalTLDsMinus = localTLDsMinus; 2092 } 2093 2094 /** 2095 * Private constructor, allowing local overrides 2096 * @since 1.7 2097 */ 2098 private DomainValidator(final boolean allowLocal, final List<Item> items) { 2099 this.allowLocal = allowLocal; 2100 2101 // default to class overrides 2102 String[] ccMinus = countryCodeTLDsMinus; 2103 String[] ccPlus = countryCodeTLDsPlus; 2104 String[] genMinus = genericTLDsMinus; 2105 String[] genPlus = genericTLDsPlus; 2106 String[] localMinus = localTLDsMinus; 2107 String[] localPlus = localTLDsPlus; 2108 2109 // apply the instance overrides 2110 for (final Item item : items) { 2111 final String[] copy = new String[item.values.length]; 2112 // Comparisons are always done with lower-case entries 2113 for (int i = 0; i < item.values.length; i++) { 2114 copy[i] = item.values[i].toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH); 2115 } 2116 Arrays.sort(copy); 2117 switch (item.type) { 2118 case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS: { 2119 ccMinus = copy; 2120 break; 2121 } 2122 case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS: { 2123 ccPlus = copy; 2124 break; 2125 } 2126 case GENERIC_MINUS: { 2127 genMinus = copy; 2128 break; 2129 } 2130 case GENERIC_PLUS: { 2131 genPlus = copy; 2132 break; 2133 } 2134 case LOCAL_MINUS: { 2135 localMinus = copy; 2136 break; 2137 } 2138 case LOCAL_PLUS: { 2139 localPlus = copy; 2140 break; 2141 } 2142 default: 2143 break; 2144 } 2145 } 2146 2147 // init the instance overrides 2148 myCountryCodeTLDsMinus = ccMinus; 2149 myCountryCodeTLDsPlus = ccPlus; 2150 myGenericTLDsMinus = genMinus; 2151 myGenericTLDsPlus = genPlus; 2152 myLocalTLDsMinus = localMinus; 2153 myLocalTLDsPlus = localPlus; 2154 } 2155 2156 private String chompLeadingDot(final String str) { 2157 if (str.startsWith(".")) { 2158 return str.substring(1); 2159 } 2160 return str; 2161 } 2162 2163 /** 2164 * Gets a copy of an instance level internal array. 2165 * @param table the array type (any of the enum values) 2166 * @return a copy of the array 2167 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the table type is unexpected, for example, GENERIC_RO 2168 * @since 1.7 2169 */ 2170 public String[] getOverrides(final ArrayType table) { 2171 final String[] array; 2172 switch (table) { 2173 case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS: 2174 array = myCountryCodeTLDsMinus; 2175 break; 2176 case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS: 2177 array = myCountryCodeTLDsPlus; 2178 break; 2179 case GENERIC_MINUS: 2180 array = myGenericTLDsMinus; 2181 break; 2182 case GENERIC_PLUS: 2183 array = myGenericTLDsPlus; 2184 break; 2185 case LOCAL_MINUS: 2186 array = myLocalTLDsMinus; 2187 break; 2188 case LOCAL_PLUS: 2189 array = myLocalTLDsPlus; 2190 break; 2191 default: 2192 throw new IllegalArgumentException(UNEXPECTED_ENUM_VALUE + table); 2193 } 2194 return Arrays.copyOf(array, array.length); // clone the array 2195 } 2196 2197 /** 2198 * Does this instance allow local addresses? 2199 * 2200 * @return true if local addresses are allowed. 2201 * @since 1.7 2202 */ 2203 public boolean isAllowLocal() { 2204 return allowLocal; 2205 } 2206 2207 /** 2208 * Returns true if the specified {@link String} parses 2209 * as a valid domain name with a recognized top-level domain. 2210 * The parsing is case-insensitive. 2211 * @param domain the parameter to check for domain name syntax 2212 * @return true if the parameter is a valid domain name 2213 */ 2214 public boolean isValid(String domain) { 2215 if (domain == null) { 2216 return false; 2217 } 2218 domain = unicodeToASCII(domain); 2219 // hosts must be equally reachable via punycode and Unicode 2220 // Unicode is never shorter than punycode, so check punycode 2221 // if domain did not convert, then it will be caught by ASCII 2222 // checks in the regexes below 2223 if (domain.length() > MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH) { 2224 return false; 2225 } 2226 final String[] groups = domainRegex.match(domain); 2227 if (groups != null && groups.length > 0) { 2228 return isValidTld(groups[0]); 2229 } 2230 return allowLocal && hostnameRegex.isValid(domain); 2231 } 2232 2233 /** 2234 * Returns true if the specified {@link String} matches any 2235 * IANA-defined country code top-level domain. Leading dots are 2236 * ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive. 2237 * @param ccTld the parameter to check for country code TLD status, not null 2238 * @return true if the parameter is a country code TLD 2239 */ 2240 public boolean isValidCountryCodeTld(final String ccTld) { 2241 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(ccTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH)); 2242 return (arrayContains(COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS, key) || arrayContains(myCountryCodeTLDsPlus, key)) && !arrayContains(myCountryCodeTLDsMinus, key); 2243 } 2244 2245 // package protected for unit test access 2246 // must agree with isValid() above 2247 final boolean isValidDomainSyntax(String domain) { 2248 if (domain == null) { 2249 return false; 2250 } 2251 domain = unicodeToASCII(domain); 2252 // hosts must be equally reachable via punycode and Unicode 2253 // Unicode is never shorter than punycode, so check punycode 2254 // if domain did not convert, then it will be caught by ASCII 2255 // checks in the regexes below 2256 if (domain.length() > MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH) { 2257 return false; 2258 } 2259 final String[] groups = domainRegex.match(domain); 2260 return groups != null && groups.length > 0 || hostnameRegex.isValid(domain); 2261 } 2262 /** 2263 * Returns true if the specified {@link String} matches any 2264 * IANA-defined generic top-level domain. Leading dots are ignored 2265 * if present. The search is case-insensitive. 2266 * @param gTld the parameter to check for generic TLD status, not null 2267 * @return true if the parameter is a generic TLD 2268 */ 2269 public boolean isValidGenericTld(final String gTld) { 2270 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(gTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH)); 2271 return (arrayContains(GENERIC_TLDS, key) || arrayContains(myGenericTLDsPlus, key)) && !arrayContains(myGenericTLDsMinus, key); 2272 } 2273 2274 /** 2275 * Returns true if the specified {@link String} matches any 2276 * IANA-defined infrastructure top-level domain. Leading dots are 2277 * ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive. 2278 * @param iTld the parameter to check for infrastructure TLD status, not null 2279 * @return true if the parameter is an infrastructure TLD 2280 */ 2281 public boolean isValidInfrastructureTld(final String iTld) { 2282 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(iTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH)); 2283 return arrayContains(INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS, key); 2284 } 2285 2286 /** 2287 * Returns true if the specified {@link String} matches any 2288 * widely used "local" domains (localhost or localdomain). Leading dots are 2289 * ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive. 2290 * @param lTld the parameter to check for local TLD status, not null 2291 * @return true if the parameter is a local TLD 2292 */ 2293 public boolean isValidLocalTld(final String lTld) { 2294 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(lTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH)); 2295 return (arrayContains(LOCAL_TLDS, key) || arrayContains(myLocalTLDsPlus, key)) 2296 && !arrayContains(myLocalTLDsMinus, key); 2297 } 2298 2299 /** 2300 * Returns true if the specified {@link String} matches any 2301 * IANA-defined top-level domain. Leading dots are ignored if present. 2302 * The search is case-insensitive. 2303 * <p> 2304 * If allowLocal is true, the TLD is checked using {@link #isValidLocalTld(String)}. 2305 * The TLD is then checked against {@link #isValidInfrastructureTld(String)}, 2306 * {@link #isValidGenericTld(String)} and {@link #isValidCountryCodeTld(String)} 2307 * @param tld the parameter to check for TLD status, not null 2308 * @return true if the parameter is a TLD 2309 */ 2310 public boolean isValidTld(final String tld) { 2311 if (allowLocal && isValidLocalTld(tld)) { 2312 return true; 2313 } 2314 return isValidInfrastructureTld(tld) 2315 || isValidGenericTld(tld) 2316 || isValidCountryCodeTld(tld); 2317 } 2318}