001/* 002 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more 003 * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with 004 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. 005 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 006 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with 007 * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at 008 * 009 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 010 * 011 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 012 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 013 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 014 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 015 * limitations under the License. 016 */ 017package org.apache.commons.validator.routines; 018 019import java.io.Serializable; 020import java.net.IDN; 021import java.util.Arrays; 022import java.util.Locale; 023 024/** 025 * <p><b>Domain name</b> validation routines.</p> 026 * 027 * <p> 028 * This validator provides methods for validating Internet domain names 029 * and top-level domains. 030 * </p> 031 * 032 * <p>Domain names are evaluated according 033 * to the standards <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1034.txt">RFC1034</a>, 034 * section 3, and <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1123.txt">RFC1123</a>, 035 * section 2.1. No accommodation is provided for the specialized needs of 036 * other applications; if the domain name has been URL-encoded, for example, 037 * validation will fail even though the equivalent plaintext version of the 038 * same name would have passed. 039 * </p> 040 * 041 * <p> 042 * Validation is also provided for top-level domains (TLDs) as defined and 043 * maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA): 044 * </p> 045 * 046 * <ul> 047 * <li>{@link #isValidInfrastructureTld} - validates infrastructure TLDs 048 * (<code>.arpa</code>, etc.)</li> 049 * <li>{@link #isValidGenericTld} - validates generic TLDs 050 * (<code>.com, .org</code>, etc.)</li> 051 * <li>{@link #isValidCountryCodeTld} - validates country code TLDs 052 * (<code>.us, .uk, .cn</code>, etc.)</li> 053 * </ul> 054 * 055 * <p> 056 * (<b>NOTE</b>: This class does not provide IP address lookup for domain names or 057 * methods to ensure that a given domain name matches a specific IP; see 058 * {@link java.net.InetAddress} for that functionality.) 059 * </p> 060 * 061 * @version $Revision: 1781829 $ 062 * @since Validator 1.4 063 */ 064public class DomainValidator implements Serializable { 065 066 private static final int MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH = 253; 067 068 private static final String[] EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY = new String[0]; 069 070 private static final long serialVersionUID = -4407125112880174009L; 071 072 // Regular expression strings for hostnames (derived from RFC2396 and RFC 1123) 073 074 // RFC2396: domainlabel = alphanum | alphanum *( alphanum | "-" ) alphanum 075 // Max 63 characters 076 private static final String DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX = "\\p{Alnum}(?>[\\p{Alnum}-]{0,61}\\p{Alnum})?"; 077 078 // RFC2396 toplabel = alpha | alpha *( alphanum | "-" ) alphanum 079 // Max 63 characters 080 private static final String TOP_LABEL_REGEX = "\\p{Alpha}(?>[\\p{Alnum}-]{0,61}\\p{Alnum})?"; 081 082 // RFC2396 hostname = *( domainlabel "." ) toplabel [ "." ] 083 // Note that the regex currently requires both a domain label and a top level label, whereas 084 // the RFC does not. This is because the regex is used to detect if a TLD is present. 085 // If the match fails, input is checked against DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX (hostnameRegex) 086 // RFC1123 sec 2.1 allows hostnames to start with a digit 087 private static final String DOMAIN_NAME_REGEX = 088 "^(?:" + DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX + "\\.)+" + "(" + TOP_LABEL_REGEX + ")\\.?$"; 089 090 private final boolean allowLocal; 091 092 /** 093 * Singleton instance of this validator, which 094 * doesn't consider local addresses as valid. 095 */ 096 private static final DomainValidator DOMAIN_VALIDATOR = new DomainValidator(false); 097 098 /** 099 * Singleton instance of this validator, which does 100 * consider local addresses valid. 101 */ 102 private static final DomainValidator DOMAIN_VALIDATOR_WITH_LOCAL = new DomainValidator(true); 103 104 /** 105 * RegexValidator for matching domains. 106 */ 107 private final RegexValidator domainRegex = 108 new RegexValidator(DOMAIN_NAME_REGEX); 109 /** 110 * RegexValidator for matching a local hostname 111 */ 112 // RFC1123 sec 2.1 allows hostnames to start with a digit 113 private final RegexValidator hostnameRegex = 114 new RegexValidator(DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX); 115 116 /** 117 * Returns the singleton instance of this validator. It 118 * will not consider local addresses as valid. 119 * @return the singleton instance of this validator 120 */ 121 public static synchronized DomainValidator getInstance() { 122 inUse = true; 123 return DOMAIN_VALIDATOR; 124 } 125 126 /** 127 * Returns the singleton instance of this validator, 128 * with local validation as required. 129 * @param allowLocal Should local addresses be considered valid? 130 * @return the singleton instance of this validator 131 */ 132 public static synchronized DomainValidator getInstance(boolean allowLocal) { 133 inUse = true; 134 if(allowLocal) { 135 return DOMAIN_VALIDATOR_WITH_LOCAL; 136 } 137 return DOMAIN_VALIDATOR; 138 } 139 140 /** Private constructor. */ 141 private DomainValidator(boolean allowLocal) { 142 this.allowLocal = allowLocal; 143 } 144 145 /** 146 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> parses 147 * as a valid domain name with a recognized top-level domain. 148 * The parsing is case-insensitive. 149 * @param domain the parameter to check for domain name syntax 150 * @return true if the parameter is a valid domain name 151 */ 152 public boolean isValid(String domain) { 153 if (domain == null) { 154 return false; 155 } 156 domain = unicodeToASCII(domain); 157 // hosts must be equally reachable via punycode and Unicode; 158 // Unicode is never shorter than punycode, so check punycode 159 // if domain did not convert, then it will be caught by ASCII 160 // checks in the regexes below 161 if (domain.length() > MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH) { 162 return false; 163 } 164 String[] groups = domainRegex.match(domain); 165 if (groups != null && groups.length > 0) { 166 return isValidTld(groups[0]); 167 } 168 return allowLocal && hostnameRegex.isValid(domain); 169 } 170 171 // package protected for unit test access 172 // must agree with isValid() above 173 final boolean isValidDomainSyntax(String domain) { 174 if (domain == null) { 175 return false; 176 } 177 domain = unicodeToASCII(domain); 178 // hosts must be equally reachable via punycode and Unicode; 179 // Unicode is never shorter than punycode, so check punycode 180 // if domain did not convert, then it will be caught by ASCII 181 // checks in the regexes below 182 if (domain.length() > MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH) { 183 return false; 184 } 185 String[] groups = domainRegex.match(domain); 186 return (groups != null && groups.length > 0) 187 || hostnameRegex.isValid(domain); 188 } 189 190 /** 191 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any 192 * IANA-defined top-level domain. Leading dots are ignored if present. 193 * The search is case-insensitive. 194 * @param tld the parameter to check for TLD status, not null 195 * @return true if the parameter is a TLD 196 */ 197 public boolean isValidTld(String tld) { 198 tld = unicodeToASCII(tld); 199 if(allowLocal && isValidLocalTld(tld)) { 200 return true; 201 } 202 return isValidInfrastructureTld(tld) 203 || isValidGenericTld(tld) 204 || isValidCountryCodeTld(tld); 205 } 206 207 /** 208 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any 209 * IANA-defined infrastructure top-level domain. Leading dots are 210 * ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive. 211 * @param iTld the parameter to check for infrastructure TLD status, not null 212 * @return true if the parameter is an infrastructure TLD 213 */ 214 public boolean isValidInfrastructureTld(String iTld) { 215 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(iTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH)); 216 return arrayContains(INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS, key); 217 } 218 219 /** 220 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any 221 * IANA-defined generic top-level domain. Leading dots are ignored 222 * if present. The search is case-insensitive. 223 * @param gTld the parameter to check for generic TLD status, not null 224 * @return true if the parameter is a generic TLD 225 */ 226 public boolean isValidGenericTld(String gTld) { 227 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(gTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH)); 228 return (arrayContains(GENERIC_TLDS, key) || arrayContains(genericTLDsPlus, key)) 229 && !arrayContains(genericTLDsMinus, key); 230 } 231 232 /** 233 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any 234 * IANA-defined country code top-level domain. Leading dots are 235 * ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive. 236 * @param ccTld the parameter to check for country code TLD status, not null 237 * @return true if the parameter is a country code TLD 238 */ 239 public boolean isValidCountryCodeTld(String ccTld) { 240 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(ccTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH)); 241 return (arrayContains(COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS, key) || arrayContains(countryCodeTLDsPlus, key)) 242 && !arrayContains(countryCodeTLDsMinus, key); 243 } 244 245 /** 246 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any 247 * widely used "local" domains (localhost or localdomain). Leading dots are 248 * ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive. 249 * @param lTld the parameter to check for local TLD status, not null 250 * @return true if the parameter is an local TLD 251 */ 252 public boolean isValidLocalTld(String lTld) { 253 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(lTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH)); 254 return arrayContains(LOCAL_TLDS, key); 255 } 256 257 private String chompLeadingDot(String str) { 258 if (str.startsWith(".")) { 259 return str.substring(1); 260 } 261 return str; 262 } 263 264 // --------------------------------------------- 265 // ----- TLDs defined by IANA 266 // ----- Authoritative and comprehensive list at: 267 // ----- http://data.iana.org/TLD/tlds-alpha-by-domain.txt 268 269 // Note that the above list is in UPPER case. 270 // The code currently converts strings to lower case (as per the tables below) 271 272 // IANA also provide an HTML list at http://www.iana.org/domains/root/db 273 // Note that this contains several country code entries which are NOT in 274 // the text file. These all have the "Not assigned" in the "Sponsoring Organisation" column 275 // For example (as of 2015-01-02): 276 // .bl country-code Not assigned 277 // .um country-code Not assigned 278 279 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 280 private static final String[] INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS = new String[] { 281 "arpa", // internet infrastructure 282 }; 283 284 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 285 private static final String[] GENERIC_TLDS = new String[] { 286 // Taken from Version 2017020400, Last Updated Sat Feb 4 07:07:01 2017 UTC 287 "aaa", // aaa American Automobile Association, Inc. 288 "aarp", // aarp AARP 289 "abarth", // abarth Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. 290 "abb", // abb ABB Ltd 291 "abbott", // abbott Abbott Laboratories, Inc. 292 "abbvie", // abbvie AbbVie Inc. 293 "abc", // abc Disney Enterprises, Inc. 294 "able", // able Able Inc. 295 "abogado", // abogado Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 296 "abudhabi", // abudhabi Abu Dhabi Systems and Information Centre 297 "academy", // academy Half Oaks, LLC 298 "accenture", // accenture Accenture plc 299 "accountant", // accountant dot Accountant Limited 300 "accountants", // accountants Knob Town, LLC 301 "aco", // aco ACO Severin Ahlmann GmbH & Co. KG 302 "active", // active The Active Network, Inc 303 "actor", // actor United TLD Holdco Ltd. 304 "adac", // adac Allgemeiner Deutscher Automobil-Club e.V. (ADAC) 305 "ads", // ads Charleston Road Registry Inc. 306 "adult", // adult ICM Registry AD LLC 307 "aeg", // aeg Aktiebolaget Electrolux 308 "aero", // aero Societe Internationale de Telecommunications Aeronautique (SITA INC USA) 309 "aetna", // aetna Aetna Life Insurance Company 310 "afamilycompany", // afamilycompany Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. 311 "afl", // afl Australian Football League 312 "agakhan", // agakhan Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation) 313 "agency", // agency Steel Falls, LLC 314 "aig", // aig American International Group, Inc. 315 "aigo", // aigo aigo Digital Technology Co,Ltd. 316 "airbus", // airbus Airbus S.A.S. 317 "airforce", // airforce United TLD Holdco Ltd. 318 "airtel", // airtel Bharti Airtel Limited 319 "akdn", // akdn Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation) 320 "alfaromeo", // alfaromeo Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. 321 "alibaba", // alibaba Alibaba Group Holding Limited 322 "alipay", // alipay Alibaba Group Holding Limited 323 "allfinanz", // allfinanz Allfinanz Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft 324 "allstate", // allstate Allstate Fire and Casualty Insurance Company 325 "ally", // ally Ally Financial Inc. 326 "alsace", // alsace REGION D ALSACE 327 "alstom", // alstom ALSTOM 328 "americanexpress", // americanexpress American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. 329 "americanfamily", // americanfamily AmFam, Inc. 330 "amex", // amex American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. 331 "amfam", // amfam AmFam, Inc. 332 "amica", // amica Amica Mutual Insurance Company 333 "amsterdam", // amsterdam Gemeente Amsterdam 334 "analytics", // analytics Campus IP LLC 335 "android", // android Charleston Road Registry Inc. 336 "anquan", // anquan QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD. 337 "anz", // anz Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited 338 "aol", // aol AOL Inc. 339 "apartments", // apartments June Maple, LLC 340 "app", // app Charleston Road Registry Inc. 341 "apple", // apple Apple Inc. 342 "aquarelle", // aquarelle Aquarelle.com 343 "aramco", // aramco Aramco Services Company 344 "archi", // archi STARTING DOT LIMITED 345 "army", // army United TLD Holdco Ltd. 346 "art", // art UK Creative Ideas Limited 347 "arte", // arte Association Relative à la Télévision Européenne G.E.I.E. 348 "asda", // asda Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. 349 "asia", // asia DotAsia Organisation Ltd. 350 "associates", // associates Baxter Hill, LLC 351 "athleta", // athleta The Gap, Inc. 352 "attorney", // attorney United TLD Holdco, Ltd 353 "auction", // auction United TLD HoldCo, Ltd. 354 "audi", // audi AUDI Aktiengesellschaft 355 "audible", // audible Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 356 "audio", // audio Uniregistry, Corp. 357 "auspost", // auspost Australian Postal Corporation 358 "author", // author Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 359 "auto", // auto Uniregistry, Corp. 360 "autos", // autos DERAutos, LLC 361 "avianca", // avianca Aerovias del Continente Americano S.A. Avianca 362 "aws", // aws Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 363 "axa", // axa AXA SA 364 "azure", // azure Microsoft Corporation 365 "baby", // baby Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc. 366 "baidu", // baidu Baidu, Inc. 367 "banamex", // banamex Citigroup Inc. 368 "bananarepublic", // bananarepublic The Gap, Inc. 369 "band", // band United TLD Holdco, Ltd 370 "bank", // bank fTLD Registry Services, LLC 371 "bar", // bar Punto 2012 Sociedad Anonima Promotora de Inversion de Capital Variable 372 "barcelona", // barcelona Municipi de Barcelona 373 "barclaycard", // barclaycard Barclays Bank PLC 374 "barclays", // barclays Barclays Bank PLC 375 "barefoot", // barefoot Gallo Vineyards, Inc. 376 "bargains", // bargains Half Hallow, LLC 377 "baseball", // baseball MLB Advanced Media DH, LLC 378 "basketball", // basketball Fédération Internationale de Basketball (FIBA) 379 "bauhaus", // bauhaus Werkhaus GmbH 380 "bayern", // bayern Bayern Connect GmbH 381 "bbc", // bbc British Broadcasting Corporation 382 "bbt", // bbt BB&T Corporation 383 "bbva", // bbva BANCO BILBAO VIZCAYA ARGENTARIA, S.A. 384 "bcg", // bcg The Boston Consulting Group, Inc. 385 "bcn", // bcn Municipi de Barcelona 386 "beats", // beats Beats Electronics, LLC 387 "beauty", // beauty L'Oréal 388 "beer", // beer Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 389 "bentley", // bentley Bentley Motors Limited 390 "berlin", // berlin dotBERLIN GmbH & Co. KG 391 "best", // best BestTLD Pty Ltd 392 "bestbuy", // bestbuy BBY Solutions, Inc. 393 "bet", // bet Afilias plc 394 "bharti", // bharti Bharti Enterprises (Holding) Private Limited 395 "bible", // bible American Bible Society 396 "bid", // bid dot Bid Limited 397 "bike", // bike Grand Hollow, LLC 398 "bing", // bing Microsoft Corporation 399 "bingo", // bingo Sand Cedar, LLC 400 "bio", // bio STARTING DOT LIMITED 401 "biz", // biz Neustar, Inc. 402 "black", // black Afilias Limited 403 "blackfriday", // blackfriday Uniregistry, Corp. 404 "blanco", // blanco BLANCO GmbH + Co KG 405 "blockbuster", // blockbuster Dish DBS Corporation 406 "blog", // blog Knock Knock WHOIS There, LLC 407 "bloomberg", // bloomberg Bloomberg IP Holdings LLC 408 "blue", // blue Afilias Limited 409 "bms", // bms Bristol-Myers Squibb Company 410 "bmw", // bmw Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft 411 "bnl", // bnl Banca Nazionale del Lavoro 412 "bnpparibas", // bnpparibas BNP Paribas 413 "boats", // boats DERBoats, LLC 414 "boehringer", // boehringer Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH 415 "bofa", // bofa NMS Services, Inc. 416 "bom", // bom Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br 417 "bond", // bond Bond University Limited 418 "boo", // boo Charleston Road Registry Inc. 419 "book", // book Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 420 "booking", // booking Booking.com B.V. 421 "boots", // boots THE BOOTS COMPANY PLC 422 "bosch", // bosch Robert Bosch GMBH 423 "bostik", // bostik Bostik SA 424 "boston", // boston Boston TLD Management, LLC 425 "bot", // bot Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 426 "boutique", // boutique Over Galley, LLC 427 "box", // box NS1 Limited 428 "bradesco", // bradesco Banco Bradesco S.A. 429 "bridgestone", // bridgestone Bridgestone Corporation 430 "broadway", // broadway Celebrate Broadway, Inc. 431 "broker", // broker DOTBROKER REGISTRY LTD 432 "brother", // brother Brother Industries, Ltd. 433 "brussels", // brussels DNS.be vzw 434 "budapest", // budapest Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 435 "bugatti", // bugatti Bugatti International SA 436 "build", // build Plan Bee LLC 437 "builders", // builders Atomic Madison, LLC 438 "business", // business Spring Cross, LLC 439 "buy", // buy Amazon Registry Services, INC 440 "buzz", // buzz DOTSTRATEGY CO. 441 "bzh", // bzh Association www.bzh 442 "cab", // cab Half Sunset, LLC 443 "cafe", // cafe Pioneer Canyon, LLC 444 "cal", // cal Charleston Road Registry Inc. 445 "call", // call Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 446 "calvinklein", // calvinklein PVH gTLD Holdings LLC 447 "cam", // cam AC Webconnecting Holding B.V. 448 "camera", // camera Atomic Maple, LLC 449 "camp", // camp Delta Dynamite, LLC 450 "cancerresearch", // cancerresearch Australian Cancer Research Foundation 451 "canon", // canon Canon Inc. 452 "capetown", // capetown ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry 453 "capital", // capital Delta Mill, LLC 454 "capitalone", // capitalone Capital One Financial Corporation 455 "car", // car Cars Registry Limited 456 "caravan", // caravan Caravan International, Inc. 457 "cards", // cards Foggy Hollow, LLC 458 "care", // care Goose Cross, LLC 459 "career", // career dotCareer LLC 460 "careers", // careers Wild Corner, LLC 461 "cars", // cars Uniregistry, Corp. 462 "cartier", // cartier Richemont DNS Inc. 463 "casa", // casa Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 464 "case", // case CNH Industrial N.V. 465 "caseih", // caseih CNH Industrial N.V. 466 "cash", // cash Delta Lake, LLC 467 "casino", // casino Binky Sky, LLC 468 "cat", // cat Fundacio puntCAT 469 "catering", // catering New Falls. LLC 470 "catholic", // catholic Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication) 471 "cba", // cba COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA 472 "cbn", // cbn The Christian Broadcasting Network, Inc. 473 "cbre", // cbre CBRE, Inc. 474 "cbs", // cbs CBS Domains Inc. 475 "ceb", // ceb The Corporate Executive Board Company 476 "center", // center Tin Mill, LLC 477 "ceo", // ceo CEOTLD Pty Ltd 478 "cern", // cern European Organization for Nuclear Research ("CERN") 479 "cfa", // cfa CFA Institute 480 "cfd", // cfd DOTCFD REGISTRY LTD 481 "chanel", // chanel Chanel International B.V. 482 "channel", // channel Charleston Road Registry Inc. 483 "chase", // chase JPMorgan Chase & Co. 484 "chat", // chat Sand Fields, LLC 485 "cheap", // cheap Sand Cover, LLC 486 "chintai", // chintai CHINTAI Corporation 487 "chloe", // chloe Richemont DNS Inc. 488 "christmas", // christmas Uniregistry, Corp. 489 "chrome", // chrome Charleston Road Registry Inc. 490 "chrysler", // chrysler FCA US LLC. 491 "church", // church Holly Fileds, LLC 492 "cipriani", // cipriani Hotel Cipriani Srl 493 "circle", // circle Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 494 "cisco", // cisco Cisco Technology, Inc. 495 "citadel", // citadel Citadel Domain LLC 496 "citi", // citi Citigroup Inc. 497 "citic", // citic CITIC Group Corporation 498 "city", // city Snow Sky, LLC 499 "cityeats", // cityeats Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 500 "claims", // claims Black Corner, LLC 501 "cleaning", // cleaning Fox Shadow, LLC 502 "click", // click Uniregistry, Corp. 503 "clinic", // clinic Goose Park, LLC 504 "clinique", // clinique The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. 505 "clothing", // clothing Steel Lake, LLC 506 "cloud", // cloud ARUBA S.p.A. 507 "club", // club .CLUB DOMAINS, LLC 508 "clubmed", // clubmed Club Méditerranée S.A. 509 "coach", // coach Koko Island, LLC 510 "codes", // codes Puff Willow, LLC 511 "coffee", // coffee Trixy Cover, LLC 512 "college", // college XYZ.COM LLC 513 "cologne", // cologne NetCologne Gesellschaft für Telekommunikation mbH 514 "com", // com VeriSign Global Registry Services 515 "comcast", // comcast Comcast IP Holdings I, LLC 516 "commbank", // commbank COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA 517 "community", // community Fox Orchard, LLC 518 "company", // company Silver Avenue, LLC 519 "compare", // compare iSelect Ltd 520 "computer", // computer Pine Mill, LLC 521 "comsec", // comsec VeriSign, Inc. 522 "condos", // condos Pine House, LLC 523 "construction", // construction Fox Dynamite, LLC 524 "consulting", // consulting United TLD Holdco, LTD. 525 "contact", // contact Top Level Spectrum, Inc. 526 "contractors", // contractors Magic Woods, LLC 527 "cooking", // cooking Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 528 "cookingchannel", // cookingchannel Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 529 "cool", // cool Koko Lake, LLC 530 "coop", // coop DotCooperation LLC 531 "corsica", // corsica Collectivité Territoriale de Corse 532 "country", // country Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 533 "coupon", // coupon Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 534 "coupons", // coupons Black Island, LLC 535 "courses", // courses OPEN UNIVERSITIES AUSTRALIA PTY LTD 536 "credit", // credit Snow Shadow, LLC 537 "creditcard", // creditcard Binky Frostbite, LLC 538 "creditunion", // creditunion CUNA Performance Resources, LLC 539 "cricket", // cricket dot Cricket Limited 540 "crown", // crown Crown Equipment Corporation 541 "crs", // crs Federated Co-operatives Limited 542 "cruise", // cruise Viking River Cruises (Bermuda) Ltd. 543 "cruises", // cruises Spring Way, LLC 544 "csc", // csc Alliance-One Services, Inc. 545 "cuisinella", // cuisinella SALM S.A.S. 546 "cymru", // cymru Nominet UK 547 "cyou", // cyou Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd. 548 "dabur", // dabur Dabur India Limited 549 "dad", // dad Charleston Road Registry Inc. 550 "dance", // dance United TLD Holdco Ltd. 551 "data", // data Dish DBS Corporation 552 "date", // date dot Date Limited 553 "dating", // dating Pine Fest, LLC 554 "datsun", // datsun NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD. 555 "day", // day Charleston Road Registry Inc. 556 "dclk", // dclk Charleston Road Registry Inc. 557 "dds", // dds Minds + Machines Group Limited 558 "deal", // deal Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 559 "dealer", // dealer Dealer Dot Com, Inc. 560 "deals", // deals Sand Sunset, LLC 561 "degree", // degree United TLD Holdco, Ltd 562 "delivery", // delivery Steel Station, LLC 563 "dell", // dell Dell Inc. 564 "deloitte", // deloitte Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu 565 "delta", // delta Delta Air Lines, Inc. 566 "democrat", // democrat United TLD Holdco Ltd. 567 "dental", // dental Tin Birch, LLC 568 "dentist", // dentist United TLD Holdco, Ltd 569 "desi", // desi Desi Networks LLC 570 "design", // design Top Level Design, LLC 571 "dev", // dev Charleston Road Registry Inc. 572 "dhl", // dhl Deutsche Post AG 573 "diamonds", // diamonds John Edge, LLC 574 "diet", // diet Uniregistry, Corp. 575 "digital", // digital Dash Park, LLC 576 "direct", // direct Half Trail, LLC 577 "directory", // directory Extra Madison, LLC 578 "discount", // discount Holly Hill, LLC 579 "discover", // discover Discover Financial Services 580 "dish", // dish Dish DBS Corporation 581 "diy", // diy Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 582 "dnp", // dnp Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. 583 "docs", // docs Charleston Road Registry Inc. 584 "doctor", // doctor Brice Trail, LLC 585 "dodge", // dodge FCA US LLC. 586 "dog", // dog Koko Mill, LLC 587 "doha", // doha Communications Regulatory Authority (CRA) 588 "domains", // domains Sugar Cross, LLC 589// "doosan", // doosan Doosan Corporation (retired) 590 "dot", // dot Dish DBS Corporation 591 "download", // download dot Support Limited 592 "drive", // drive Charleston Road Registry Inc. 593 "dtv", // dtv Dish DBS Corporation 594 "dubai", // dubai Dubai Smart Government Department 595 "duck", // duck Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. 596 "dunlop", // dunlop The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company 597 "duns", // duns The Dun & Bradstreet Corporation 598 "dupont", // dupont E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company 599 "durban", // durban ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry 600 "dvag", // dvag Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG 601 "dvr", // dvr Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation 602 "earth", // earth Interlink Co., Ltd. 603 "eat", // eat Charleston Road Registry Inc. 604 "eco", // eco Big Room Inc. 605 "edeka", // edeka EDEKA Verband kaufmännischer Genossenschaften e.V. 606 "edu", // edu EDUCAUSE 607 "education", // education Brice Way, LLC 608 "email", // email Spring Madison, LLC 609 "emerck", // emerck Merck KGaA 610 "energy", // energy Binky Birch, LLC 611 "engineer", // engineer United TLD Holdco Ltd. 612 "engineering", // engineering Romeo Canyon 613 "enterprises", // enterprises Snow Oaks, LLC 614 "epost", // epost Deutsche Post AG 615 "epson", // epson Seiko Epson Corporation 616 "equipment", // equipment Corn Station, LLC 617 "ericsson", // ericsson Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson 618 "erni", // erni ERNI Group Holding AG 619 "esq", // esq Charleston Road Registry Inc. 620 "estate", // estate Trixy Park, LLC 621 "esurance", // esurance Esurance Insurance Company 622 "eurovision", // eurovision European Broadcasting Union (EBU) 623 "eus", // eus Puntueus Fundazioa 624 "events", // events Pioneer Maple, LLC 625 "everbank", // everbank EverBank 626 "exchange", // exchange Spring Falls, LLC 627 "expert", // expert Magic Pass, LLC 628 "exposed", // exposed Victor Beach, LLC 629 "express", // express Sea Sunset, LLC 630 "extraspace", // extraspace Extra Space Storage LLC 631 "fage", // fage Fage International S.A. 632 "fail", // fail Atomic Pipe, LLC 633 "fairwinds", // fairwinds FairWinds Partners, LLC 634 "faith", // faith dot Faith Limited 635 "family", // family United TLD Holdco Ltd. 636 "fan", // fan Asiamix Digital Ltd 637 "fans", // fans Asiamix Digital Limited 638 "farm", // farm Just Maple, LLC 639 "farmers", // farmers Farmers Insurance Exchange 640 "fashion", // fashion Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 641 "fast", // fast Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 642 "fedex", // fedex Federal Express Corporation 643 "feedback", // feedback Top Level Spectrum, Inc. 644 "ferrari", // ferrari Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. 645 "ferrero", // ferrero Ferrero Trading Lux S.A. 646 "fiat", // fiat Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. 647 "fidelity", // fidelity Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC 648 "fido", // fido Rogers Communications Canada Inc. 649 "film", // film Motion Picture Domain Registry Pty Ltd 650 "final", // final Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br 651 "finance", // finance Cotton Cypress, LLC 652 "financial", // financial Just Cover, LLC 653 "fire", // fire Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 654 "firestone", // firestone Bridgestone Corporation 655 "firmdale", // firmdale Firmdale Holdings Limited 656 "fish", // fish Fox Woods, LLC 657 "fishing", // fishing Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 658 "fit", // fit Minds + Machines Group Limited 659 "fitness", // fitness Brice Orchard, LLC 660 "flickr", // flickr Yahoo! Domain Services Inc. 661 "flights", // flights Fox Station, LLC 662 "flir", // flir FLIR Systems, Inc. 663 "florist", // florist Half Cypress, LLC 664 "flowers", // flowers Uniregistry, Corp. 665// "flsmidth", // flsmidth FLSmidth A/S retired 2016-07-22 666 "fly", // fly Charleston Road Registry Inc. 667 "foo", // foo Charleston Road Registry Inc. 668 "food", // food Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 669 "foodnetwork", // foodnetwork Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 670 "football", // football Foggy Farms, LLC 671 "ford", // ford Ford Motor Company 672 "forex", // forex DOTFOREX REGISTRY LTD 673 "forsale", // forsale United TLD Holdco, LLC 674 "forum", // forum Fegistry, LLC 675 "foundation", // foundation John Dale, LLC 676 "fox", // fox FOX Registry, LLC 677 "free", // free Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 678 "fresenius", // fresenius Fresenius Immobilien-Verwaltungs-GmbH 679 "frl", // frl FRLregistry B.V. 680 "frogans", // frogans OP3FT 681 "frontdoor", // frontdoor Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 682 "frontier", // frontier Frontier Communications Corporation 683 "ftr", // ftr Frontier Communications Corporation 684 "fujitsu", // fujitsu Fujitsu Limited 685 "fujixerox", // fujixerox Xerox DNHC LLC 686 "fun", // fun DotSpace, Inc. 687 "fund", // fund John Castle, LLC 688 "furniture", // furniture Lone Fields, LLC 689 "futbol", // futbol United TLD Holdco, Ltd. 690 "fyi", // fyi Silver Tigers, LLC 691 "gal", // gal Asociación puntoGAL 692 "gallery", // gallery Sugar House, LLC 693 "gallo", // gallo Gallo Vineyards, Inc. 694 "gallup", // gallup Gallup, Inc. 695 "game", // game Uniregistry, Corp. 696 "games", // games United TLD Holdco Ltd. 697 "gap", // gap The Gap, Inc. 698 "garden", // garden Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 699 "gbiz", // gbiz Charleston Road Registry Inc. 700 "gdn", // gdn Joint Stock Company "Navigation-information systems" 701 "gea", // gea GEA Group Aktiengesellschaft 702 "gent", // gent COMBELL GROUP NV/SA 703 "genting", // genting Resorts World Inc. Pte. Ltd. 704 "george", // george Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. 705 "ggee", // ggee GMO Internet, Inc. 706 "gift", // gift Uniregistry, Corp. 707 "gifts", // gifts Goose Sky, LLC 708 "gives", // gives United TLD Holdco Ltd. 709 "giving", // giving Giving Limited 710 "glade", // glade Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. 711 "glass", // glass Black Cover, LLC 712 "gle", // gle Charleston Road Registry Inc. 713 "global", // global Dot Global Domain Registry Limited 714 "globo", // globo Globo Comunicação e Participações S.A 715 "gmail", // gmail Charleston Road Registry Inc. 716 "gmbh", // gmbh Extra Dynamite, LLC 717 "gmo", // gmo GMO Internet, Inc. 718 "gmx", // gmx 1&1 Mail & Media GmbH 719 "godaddy", // godaddy Go Daddy East, LLC 720 "gold", // gold June Edge, LLC 721 "goldpoint", // goldpoint YODOBASHI CAMERA CO.,LTD. 722 "golf", // golf Lone Falls, LLC 723 "goo", // goo NTT Resonant Inc. 724 "goodhands", // goodhands Allstate Fire and Casualty Insurance Company 725 "goodyear", // goodyear The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company 726 "goog", // goog Charleston Road Registry Inc. 727 "google", // google Charleston Road Registry Inc. 728 "gop", // gop Republican State Leadership Committee, Inc. 729 "got", // got Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 730 "gov", // gov General Services Administration Attn: QTDC, 2E08 (.gov Domain Registration) 731 "grainger", // grainger Grainger Registry Services, LLC 732 "graphics", // graphics Over Madison, LLC 733 "gratis", // gratis Pioneer Tigers, LLC 734 "green", // green Afilias Limited 735 "gripe", // gripe Corn Sunset, LLC 736 "group", // group Romeo Town, LLC 737 "guardian", // guardian The Guardian Life Insurance Company of America 738 "gucci", // gucci Guccio Gucci S.p.a. 739 "guge", // guge Charleston Road Registry Inc. 740 "guide", // guide Snow Moon, LLC 741 "guitars", // guitars Uniregistry, Corp. 742 "guru", // guru Pioneer Cypress, LLC 743 "hair", // hair L'Oreal 744 "hamburg", // hamburg Hamburg Top-Level-Domain GmbH 745 "hangout", // hangout Charleston Road Registry Inc. 746 "haus", // haus United TLD Holdco, LTD. 747 "hbo", // hbo HBO Registry Services, Inc. 748 "hdfc", // hdfc HOUSING DEVELOPMENT FINANCE CORPORATION LIMITED 749 "hdfcbank", // hdfcbank HDFC Bank Limited 750 "health", // health DotHealth, LLC 751 "healthcare", // healthcare Silver Glen, LLC 752 "help", // help Uniregistry, Corp. 753 "helsinki", // helsinki City of Helsinki 754 "here", // here Charleston Road Registry Inc. 755 "hermes", // hermes Hermes International 756 "hgtv", // hgtv Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 757 "hiphop", // hiphop Uniregistry, Corp. 758 "hisamitsu", // hisamitsu Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical Co.,Inc. 759 "hitachi", // hitachi Hitachi, Ltd. 760 "hiv", // hiv dotHIV gemeinnuetziger e.V. 761 "hkt", // hkt PCCW-HKT DataCom Services Limited 762 "hockey", // hockey Half Willow, LLC 763 "holdings", // holdings John Madison, LLC 764 "holiday", // holiday Goose Woods, LLC 765 "homedepot", // homedepot Homer TLC, Inc. 766 "homegoods", // homegoods The TJX Companies, Inc. 767 "homes", // homes DERHomes, LLC 768 "homesense", // homesense The TJX Companies, Inc. 769 "honda", // honda Honda Motor Co., Ltd. 770 "honeywell", // honeywell Honeywell GTLD LLC 771 "horse", // horse Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 772 "hospital", // hospital Ruby Pike, LLC 773 "host", // host DotHost Inc. 774 "hosting", // hosting Uniregistry, Corp. 775 "hot", // hot Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 776 "hoteles", // hoteles Travel Reservations SRL 777 "hotmail", // hotmail Microsoft Corporation 778 "house", // house Sugar Park, LLC 779 "how", // how Charleston Road Registry Inc. 780 "hsbc", // hsbc HSBC Holdings PLC 781 "htc", // htc HTC corporation 782 "hughes", // hughes Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation 783 "hyatt", // hyatt Hyatt GTLD, L.L.C. 784 "hyundai", // hyundai Hyundai Motor Company 785 "ibm", // ibm International Business Machines Corporation 786 "icbc", // icbc Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited 787 "ice", // ice IntercontinentalExchange, Inc. 788 "icu", // icu One.com A/S 789 "ieee", // ieee IEEE Global LLC 790 "ifm", // ifm ifm electronic gmbh 791// "iinet", // iinet Connect West Pty. Ltd. (Retired) 792 "ikano", // ikano Ikano S.A. 793 "imamat", // imamat Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation) 794 "imdb", // imdb Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 795 "immo", // immo Auburn Bloom, LLC 796 "immobilien", // immobilien United TLD Holdco Ltd. 797 "industries", // industries Outer House, LLC 798 "infiniti", // infiniti NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD. 799 "info", // info Afilias Limited 800 "ing", // ing Charleston Road Registry Inc. 801 "ink", // ink Top Level Design, LLC 802 "institute", // institute Outer Maple, LLC 803 "insurance", // insurance fTLD Registry Services LLC 804 "insure", // insure Pioneer Willow, LLC 805 "int", // int Internet Assigned Numbers Authority 806 "intel", // intel Intel Corporation 807 "international", // international Wild Way, LLC 808 "intuit", // intuit Intuit Administrative Services, Inc. 809 "investments", // investments Holly Glen, LLC 810 "ipiranga", // ipiranga Ipiranga Produtos de Petroleo S.A. 811 "irish", // irish Dot-Irish LLC 812 "iselect", // iselect iSelect Ltd 813 "ismaili", // ismaili Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation) 814 "ist", // ist Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality 815 "istanbul", // istanbul Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality / Medya A.S. 816 "itau", // itau Itau Unibanco Holding S.A. 817 "itv", // itv ITV Services Limited 818 "iveco", // iveco CNH Industrial N.V. 819 "iwc", // iwc Richemont DNS Inc. 820 "jaguar", // jaguar Jaguar Land Rover Ltd 821 "java", // java Oracle Corporation 822 "jcb", // jcb JCB Co., Ltd. 823 "jcp", // jcp JCP Media, Inc. 824 "jeep", // jeep FCA US LLC. 825 "jetzt", // jetzt New TLD Company AB 826 "jewelry", // jewelry Wild Bloom, LLC 827 "jio", // jio Affinity Names, Inc. 828 "jlc", // jlc Richemont DNS Inc. 829 "jll", // jll Jones Lang LaSalle Incorporated 830 "jmp", // jmp Matrix IP LLC 831 "jnj", // jnj Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc. 832 "jobs", // jobs Employ Media LLC 833 "joburg", // joburg ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry 834 "jot", // jot Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 835 "joy", // joy Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 836 "jpmorgan", // jpmorgan JPMorgan Chase & Co. 837 "jprs", // jprs Japan Registry Services Co., Ltd. 838 "juegos", // juegos Uniregistry, Corp. 839 "juniper", // juniper JUNIPER NETWORKS, INC. 840 "kaufen", // kaufen United TLD Holdco Ltd. 841 "kddi", // kddi KDDI CORPORATION 842 "kerryhotels", // kerryhotels Kerry Trading Co. Limited 843 "kerrylogistics", // kerrylogistics Kerry Trading Co. Limited 844 "kerryproperties", // kerryproperties Kerry Trading Co. Limited 845 "kfh", // kfh Kuwait Finance House 846 "kia", // kia KIA MOTORS CORPORATION 847 "kim", // kim Afilias Limited 848 "kinder", // kinder Ferrero Trading Lux S.A. 849 "kindle", // kindle Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 850 "kitchen", // kitchen Just Goodbye, LLC 851 "kiwi", // kiwi DOT KIWI LIMITED 852 "koeln", // koeln NetCologne Gesellschaft für Telekommunikation mbH 853 "komatsu", // komatsu Komatsu Ltd. 854 "kosher", // kosher Kosher Marketing Assets LLC 855 "kpmg", // kpmg KPMG International Cooperative (KPMG International Genossenschaft) 856 "kpn", // kpn Koninklijke KPN N.V. 857 "krd", // krd KRG Department of Information Technology 858 "kred", // kred KredTLD Pty Ltd 859 "kuokgroup", // kuokgroup Kerry Trading Co. Limited 860 "kyoto", // kyoto Academic Institution: Kyoto Jyoho Gakuen 861 "lacaixa", // lacaixa CAIXA D'ESTALVIS I PENSIONS DE BARCELONA 862 "ladbrokes", // ladbrokes LADBROKES INTERNATIONAL PLC 863 "lamborghini", // lamborghini Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. 864 "lamer", // lamer The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. 865 "lancaster", // lancaster LANCASTER 866 "lancia", // lancia Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. 867 "lancome", // lancome L'Oréal 868 "land", // land Pine Moon, LLC 869 "landrover", // landrover Jaguar Land Rover Ltd 870 "lanxess", // lanxess LANXESS Corporation 871 "lasalle", // lasalle Jones Lang LaSalle Incorporated 872 "lat", // lat ECOM-LAC Federación de Latinoamérica y el Caribe para Internet y el Comercio Electrónico 873 "latino", // latino Dish DBS Corporation 874 "latrobe", // latrobe La Trobe University 875 "law", // law Minds + Machines Group Limited 876 "lawyer", // lawyer United TLD Holdco, Ltd 877 "lds", // lds IRI Domain Management, LLC 878 "lease", // lease Victor Trail, LLC 879 "leclerc", // leclerc A.C.D. LEC Association des Centres Distributeurs Edouard Leclerc 880 "lefrak", // lefrak LeFrak Organization, Inc. 881 "legal", // legal Blue Falls, LLC 882 "lego", // lego LEGO Juris A/S 883 "lexus", // lexus TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION 884 "lgbt", // lgbt Afilias Limited 885 "liaison", // liaison Liaison Technologies, Incorporated 886 "lidl", // lidl Schwarz Domains und Services GmbH & Co. KG 887 "life", // life Trixy Oaks, LLC 888 "lifeinsurance", // lifeinsurance American Council of Life Insurers 889 "lifestyle", // lifestyle Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 890 "lighting", // lighting John McCook, LLC 891 "like", // like Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 892 "lilly", // lilly Eli Lilly and Company 893 "limited", // limited Big Fest, LLC 894 "limo", // limo Hidden Frostbite, LLC 895 "lincoln", // lincoln Ford Motor Company 896 "linde", // linde Linde Aktiengesellschaft 897 "link", // link Uniregistry, Corp. 898 "lipsy", // lipsy Lipsy Ltd 899 "live", // live United TLD Holdco Ltd. 900 "living", // living Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 901 "lixil", // lixil LIXIL Group Corporation 902 "loan", // loan dot Loan Limited 903 "loans", // loans June Woods, LLC 904 "locker", // locker Dish DBS Corporation 905 "locus", // locus Locus Analytics LLC 906 "loft", // loft Annco, Inc. 907 "lol", // lol Uniregistry, Corp. 908 "london", // london Dot London Domains Limited 909 "lotte", // lotte Lotte Holdings Co., Ltd. 910 "lotto", // lotto Afilias Limited 911 "love", // love Merchant Law Group LLP 912 "lpl", // lpl LPL Holdings, Inc. 913 "lplfinancial", // lplfinancial LPL Holdings, Inc. 914 "ltd", // ltd Over Corner, LLC 915 "ltda", // ltda InterNetX Corp. 916 "lundbeck", // lundbeck H. Lundbeck A/S 917 "lupin", // lupin LUPIN LIMITED 918 "luxe", // luxe Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 919 "luxury", // luxury Luxury Partners LLC 920 "macys", // macys Macys, Inc. 921 "madrid", // madrid Comunidad de Madrid 922 "maif", // maif Mutuelle Assurance Instituteur France (MAIF) 923 "maison", // maison Victor Frostbite, LLC 924 "makeup", // makeup L'Oréal 925 "man", // man MAN SE 926 "management", // management John Goodbye, LLC 927 "mango", // mango PUNTO FA S.L. 928 "market", // market Unitied TLD Holdco, Ltd 929 "marketing", // marketing Fern Pass, LLC 930 "markets", // markets DOTMARKETS REGISTRY LTD 931 "marriott", // marriott Marriott Worldwide Corporation 932 "marshalls", // marshalls The TJX Companies, Inc. 933 "maserati", // maserati Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. 934 "mattel", // mattel Mattel Sites, Inc. 935 "mba", // mba Lone Hollow, LLC 936 "mcd", // mcd McDonald’s Corporation 937 "mcdonalds", // mcdonalds McDonald’s Corporation 938 "mckinsey", // mckinsey McKinsey Holdings, Inc. 939 "med", // med Medistry LLC 940 "media", // media Grand Glen, LLC 941 "meet", // meet Afilias Limited 942 "melbourne", // melbourne The Crown in right of the State of Victoria, represented by its Department of State Development, Business and Innovation 943 "meme", // meme Charleston Road Registry Inc. 944 "memorial", // memorial Dog Beach, LLC 945 "men", // men Exclusive Registry Limited 946 "menu", // menu Wedding TLD2, LLC 947 "meo", // meo PT Comunicacoes S.A. 948 "metlife", // metlife MetLife Services and Solutions, LLC 949 "miami", // miami Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 950 "microsoft", // microsoft Microsoft Corporation 951 "mil", // mil DoD Network Information Center 952 "mini", // mini Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft 953 "mint", // mint Intuit Administrative Services, Inc. 954 "mit", // mit Massachusetts Institute of Technology 955 "mitsubishi", // mitsubishi Mitsubishi Corporation 956 "mlb", // mlb MLB Advanced Media DH, LLC 957 "mls", // mls The Canadian Real Estate Association 958 "mma", // mma MMA IARD 959 "mobi", // mobi Afilias Technologies Limited dba dotMobi 960 "mobile", // mobile Dish DBS Corporation 961 "mobily", // mobily GreenTech Consultancy Company W.L.L. 962 "moda", // moda United TLD Holdco Ltd. 963 "moe", // moe Interlink Co., Ltd. 964 "moi", // moi Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 965 "mom", // mom Uniregistry, Corp. 966 "monash", // monash Monash University 967 "money", // money Outer McCook, LLC 968 "monster", // monster Monster Worldwide, Inc. 969 "montblanc", // montblanc Richemont DNS Inc. 970 "mopar", // mopar FCA US LLC. 971 "mormon", // mormon IRI Domain Management, LLC ("Applicant") 972 "mortgage", // mortgage United TLD Holdco, Ltd 973 "moscow", // moscow Foundation for Assistance for Internet Technologies and Infrastructure Development (FAITID) 974 "moto", // moto Motorola Trademark Holdings, LLC 975 "motorcycles", // motorcycles DERMotorcycles, LLC 976 "mov", // mov Charleston Road Registry Inc. 977 "movie", // movie New Frostbite, LLC 978 "movistar", // movistar Telefónica S.A. 979 "msd", // msd MSD Registry Holdings, Inc. 980 "mtn", // mtn MTN Dubai Limited 981 "mtpc", // mtpc Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation 982 "mtr", // mtr MTR Corporation Limited 983 "museum", // museum Museum Domain Management Association 984 "mutual", // mutual Northwestern Mutual MU TLD Registry, LLC 985// "mutuelle", // mutuelle Fédération Nationale de la Mutualité Française (Retired) 986 "nab", // nab National Australia Bank Limited 987 "nadex", // nadex Nadex Domains, Inc 988 "nagoya", // nagoya GMO Registry, Inc. 989 "name", // name VeriSign Information Services, Inc. 990 "nationwide", // nationwide Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company 991 "natura", // natura NATURA COSMÉTICOS S.A. 992 "navy", // navy United TLD Holdco Ltd. 993 "nba", // nba NBA REGISTRY, LLC 994 "nec", // nec NEC Corporation 995 "net", // net VeriSign Global Registry Services 996 "netbank", // netbank COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA 997 "netflix", // netflix Netflix, Inc. 998 "network", // network Trixy Manor, LLC 999 "neustar", // neustar NeuStar, Inc. 1000 "new", // new Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1001 "newholland", // newholland CNH Industrial N.V. 1002 "news", // news United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1003 "next", // next Next plc 1004 "nextdirect", // nextdirect Next plc 1005 "nexus", // nexus Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1006 "nfl", // nfl NFL Reg Ops LLC 1007 "ngo", // ngo Public Interest Registry 1008 "nhk", // nhk Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK) 1009 "nico", // nico DWANGO Co., Ltd. 1010 "nike", // nike NIKE, Inc. 1011 "nikon", // nikon NIKON CORPORATION 1012 "ninja", // ninja United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1013 "nissan", // nissan NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD. 1014 "nissay", // nissay Nippon Life Insurance Company 1015 "nokia", // nokia Nokia Corporation 1016 "northwesternmutual", // northwesternmutual Northwestern Mutual Registry, LLC 1017 "norton", // norton Symantec Corporation 1018 "now", // now Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1019 "nowruz", // nowruz Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. 1020 "nowtv", // nowtv Starbucks (HK) Limited 1021 "nra", // nra NRA Holdings Company, INC. 1022 "nrw", // nrw Minds + Machines GmbH 1023 "ntt", // ntt NIPPON TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE CORPORATION 1024 "nyc", // nyc The City of New York by and through the New York City Department of Information Technology & Telecommunications 1025 "obi", // obi OBI Group Holding SE & Co. KGaA 1026 "observer", // observer Top Level Spectrum, Inc. 1027 "off", // off Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. 1028 "office", // office Microsoft Corporation 1029 "okinawa", // okinawa BusinessRalliart inc. 1030 "olayan", // olayan Crescent Holding GmbH 1031 "olayangroup", // olayangroup Crescent Holding GmbH 1032 "oldnavy", // oldnavy The Gap, Inc. 1033 "ollo", // ollo Dish DBS Corporation 1034 "omega", // omega The Swatch Group Ltd 1035 "one", // one One.com A/S 1036 "ong", // ong Public Interest Registry 1037 "onl", // onl I-REGISTRY Ltd., Niederlassung Deutschland 1038 "online", // online DotOnline Inc. 1039 "onyourside", // onyourside Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company 1040 "ooo", // ooo INFIBEAM INCORPORATION LIMITED 1041 "open", // open American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. 1042 "oracle", // oracle Oracle Corporation 1043 "orange", // orange Orange Brand Services Limited 1044 "org", // org Public Interest Registry (PIR) 1045 "organic", // organic Afilias Limited 1046 "orientexpress", // orientexpress Orient Express 1047 "origins", // origins The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. 1048 "osaka", // osaka Interlink Co., Ltd. 1049 "otsuka", // otsuka Otsuka Holdings Co., Ltd. 1050 "ott", // ott Dish DBS Corporation 1051 "ovh", // ovh OVH SAS 1052 "page", // page Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1053 "pamperedchef", // pamperedchef The Pampered Chef, Ltd. 1054 "panasonic", // panasonic Panasonic Corporation 1055 "panerai", // panerai Richemont DNS Inc. 1056 "paris", // paris City of Paris 1057 "pars", // pars Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. 1058 "partners", // partners Magic Glen, LLC 1059 "parts", // parts Sea Goodbye, LLC 1060 "party", // party Blue Sky Registry Limited 1061 "passagens", // passagens Travel Reservations SRL 1062 "pay", // pay Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1063 "pccw", // pccw PCCW Enterprises Limited 1064 "pet", // pet Afilias plc 1065 "pfizer", // pfizer Pfizer Inc. 1066 "pharmacy", // pharmacy National Association of Boards of Pharmacy 1067 "philips", // philips Koninklijke Philips N.V. 1068 "phone", // phone Dish DBS Corporation 1069 "photo", // photo Uniregistry, Corp. 1070 "photography", // photography Sugar Glen, LLC 1071 "photos", // photos Sea Corner, LLC 1072 "physio", // physio PhysBiz Pty Ltd 1073 "piaget", // piaget Richemont DNS Inc. 1074 "pics", // pics Uniregistry, Corp. 1075 "pictet", // pictet Pictet Europe S.A. 1076 "pictures", // pictures Foggy Sky, LLC 1077 "pid", // pid Top Level Spectrum, Inc. 1078 "pin", // pin Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1079 "ping", // ping Ping Registry Provider, Inc. 1080 "pink", // pink Afilias Limited 1081 "pioneer", // pioneer Pioneer Corporation 1082 "pizza", // pizza Foggy Moon, LLC 1083 "place", // place Snow Galley, LLC 1084 "play", // play Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1085 "playstation", // playstation Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. 1086 "plumbing", // plumbing Spring Tigers, LLC 1087 "plus", // plus Sugar Mill, LLC 1088 "pnc", // pnc PNC Domain Co., LLC 1089 "pohl", // pohl Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG 1090 "poker", // poker Afilias Domains No. 5 Limited 1091 "politie", // politie Politie Nederland 1092 "porn", // porn ICM Registry PN LLC 1093 "post", // post Universal Postal Union 1094 "pramerica", // pramerica Prudential Financial, Inc. 1095 "praxi", // praxi Praxi S.p.A. 1096 "press", // press DotPress Inc. 1097 "prime", // prime Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1098 "pro", // pro Registry Services Corporation dba RegistryPro 1099 "prod", // prod Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1100 "productions", // productions Magic Birch, LLC 1101 "prof", // prof Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1102 "progressive", // progressive Progressive Casualty Insurance Company 1103 "promo", // promo Afilias plc 1104 "properties", // properties Big Pass, LLC 1105 "property", // property Uniregistry, Corp. 1106 "protection", // protection XYZ.COM LLC 1107 "pru", // pru Prudential Financial, Inc. 1108 "prudential", // prudential Prudential Financial, Inc. 1109 "pub", // pub United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1110 "pwc", // pwc PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP 1111 "qpon", // qpon dotCOOL, Inc. 1112 "quebec", // quebec PointQuébec Inc 1113 "quest", // quest Quest ION Limited 1114 "qvc", // qvc QVC, Inc. 1115 "racing", // racing Premier Registry Limited 1116 "radio", // radio European Broadcasting Union (EBU) 1117 "raid", // raid Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. 1118 "read", // read Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1119 "realestate", // realestate dotRealEstate LLC 1120 "realtor", // realtor Real Estate Domains LLC 1121 "realty", // realty Fegistry, LLC 1122 "recipes", // recipes Grand Island, LLC 1123 "red", // red Afilias Limited 1124 "redstone", // redstone Redstone Haute Couture Co., Ltd. 1125 "redumbrella", // redumbrella Travelers TLD, LLC 1126 "rehab", // rehab United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1127 "reise", // reise Foggy Way, LLC 1128 "reisen", // reisen New Cypress, LLC 1129 "reit", // reit National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, Inc. 1130 "reliance", // reliance Reliance Industries Limited 1131 "ren", // ren Beijing Qianxiang Wangjing Technology Development Co., Ltd. 1132 "rent", // rent XYZ.COM LLC 1133 "rentals", // rentals Big Hollow,LLC 1134 "repair", // repair Lone Sunset, LLC 1135 "report", // report Binky Glen, LLC 1136 "republican", // republican United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1137 "rest", // rest Punto 2012 Sociedad Anonima Promotora de Inversion de Capital Variable 1138 "restaurant", // restaurant Snow Avenue, LLC 1139 "review", // review dot Review Limited 1140 "reviews", // reviews United TLD Holdco, Ltd. 1141 "rexroth", // rexroth Robert Bosch GMBH 1142 "rich", // rich I-REGISTRY Ltd., Niederlassung Deutschland 1143 "richardli", // richardli Pacific Century Asset Management (HK) Limited 1144 "ricoh", // ricoh Ricoh Company, Ltd. 1145 "rightathome", // rightathome Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. 1146 "ril", // ril Reliance Industries Limited 1147 "rio", // rio Empresa Municipal de Informática SA - IPLANRIO 1148 "rip", // rip United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1149 "rmit", // rmit Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology 1150 "rocher", // rocher Ferrero Trading Lux S.A. 1151 "rocks", // rocks United TLD Holdco, LTD. 1152 "rodeo", // rodeo Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 1153 "rogers", // rogers Rogers Communications Canada Inc. 1154 "room", // room Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1155 "rsvp", // rsvp Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1156 "ruhr", // ruhr regiodot GmbH & Co. KG 1157 "run", // run Snow Park, LLC 1158 "rwe", // rwe RWE AG 1159 "ryukyu", // ryukyu BusinessRalliart inc. 1160 "saarland", // saarland dotSaarland GmbH 1161 "safe", // safe Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1162 "safety", // safety Safety Registry Services, LLC. 1163 "sakura", // sakura SAKURA Internet Inc. 1164 "sale", // sale United TLD Holdco, Ltd 1165 "salon", // salon Outer Orchard, LLC 1166 "samsclub", // samsclub Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. 1167 "samsung", // samsung SAMSUNG SDS CO., LTD 1168 "sandvik", // sandvik Sandvik AB 1169 "sandvikcoromant", // sandvikcoromant Sandvik AB 1170 "sanofi", // sanofi Sanofi 1171 "sap", // sap SAP AG 1172 "sapo", // sapo PT Comunicacoes S.A. 1173 "sarl", // sarl Delta Orchard, LLC 1174 "sas", // sas Research IP LLC 1175 "save", // save Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1176 "saxo", // saxo Saxo Bank A/S 1177 "sbi", // sbi STATE BANK OF INDIA 1178 "sbs", // sbs SPECIAL BROADCASTING SERVICE CORPORATION 1179 "sca", // sca SVENSKA CELLULOSA AKTIEBOLAGET SCA (publ) 1180 "scb", // scb The Siam Commercial Bank Public Company Limited ("SCB") 1181 "schaeffler", // schaeffler Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG 1182 "schmidt", // schmidt SALM S.A.S. 1183 "scholarships", // scholarships Scholarships.com, LLC 1184 "school", // school Little Galley, LLC 1185 "schule", // schule Outer Moon, LLC 1186 "schwarz", // schwarz Schwarz Domains und Services GmbH & Co. KG 1187 "science", // science dot Science Limited 1188 "scjohnson", // scjohnson Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. 1189 "scor", // scor SCOR SE 1190 "scot", // scot Dot Scot Registry Limited 1191 "seat", // seat SEAT, S.A. (Sociedad Unipersonal) 1192 "secure", // secure Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1193 "security", // security XYZ.COM LLC 1194 "seek", // seek Seek Limited 1195 "select", // select iSelect Ltd 1196 "sener", // sener Sener Ingeniería y Sistemas, S.A. 1197 "services", // services Fox Castle, LLC 1198 "ses", // ses SES 1199 "seven", // seven Seven West Media Ltd 1200 "sew", // sew SEW-EURODRIVE GmbH & Co KG 1201 "sex", // sex ICM Registry SX LLC 1202 "sexy", // sexy Uniregistry, Corp. 1203 "sfr", // sfr Societe Francaise du Radiotelephone - SFR 1204 "shangrila", // shangrila Shangri‐La International Hotel Management Limited 1205 "sharp", // sharp Sharp Corporation 1206 "shaw", // shaw Shaw Cablesystems G.P. 1207 "shell", // shell Shell Information Technology International Inc 1208 "shia", // shia Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. 1209 "shiksha", // shiksha Afilias Limited 1210 "shoes", // shoes Binky Galley, LLC 1211 "shop", // shop GMO Registry, Inc. 1212 "shopping", // shopping Over Keep, LLC 1213 "shouji", // shouji QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD. 1214 "show", // show Snow Beach, LLC 1215 "showtime", // showtime CBS Domains Inc. 1216 "shriram", // shriram Shriram Capital Ltd. 1217 "silk", // silk Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1218 "sina", // sina Sina Corporation 1219 "singles", // singles Fern Madison, LLC 1220 "site", // site DotSite Inc. 1221 "ski", // ski STARTING DOT LIMITED 1222 "skin", // skin L'Oréal 1223 "sky", // sky Sky International AG 1224 "skype", // skype Microsoft Corporation 1225 "sling", // sling Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation 1226 "smart", // smart Smart Communications, Inc. (SMART) 1227 "smile", // smile Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1228 "sncf", // sncf SNCF (Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Francais) 1229 "soccer", // soccer Foggy Shadow, LLC 1230 "social", // social United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1231 "softbank", // softbank SoftBank Group Corp. 1232 "software", // software United TLD Holdco, Ltd 1233 "sohu", // sohu Sohu.com Limited 1234 "solar", // solar Ruby Town, LLC 1235 "solutions", // solutions Silver Cover, LLC 1236 "song", // song Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1237 "sony", // sony Sony Corporation 1238 "soy", // soy Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1239 "space", // space DotSpace Inc. 1240 "spiegel", // spiegel SPIEGEL-Verlag Rudolf Augstein GmbH & Co. KG 1241 "spot", // spot Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1242 "spreadbetting", // spreadbetting DOTSPREADBETTING REGISTRY LTD 1243 "srl", // srl InterNetX Corp. 1244 "srt", // srt FCA US LLC. 1245 "stada", // stada STADA Arzneimittel AG 1246 "staples", // staples Staples, Inc. 1247 "star", // star Star India Private Limited 1248 "starhub", // starhub StarHub Limited 1249 "statebank", // statebank STATE BANK OF INDIA 1250 "statefarm", // statefarm State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company 1251 "statoil", // statoil Statoil ASA 1252 "stc", // stc Saudi Telecom Company 1253 "stcgroup", // stcgroup Saudi Telecom Company 1254 "stockholm", // stockholm Stockholms kommun 1255 "storage", // storage Self Storage Company LLC 1256 "store", // store DotStore Inc. 1257 "stream", // stream dot Stream Limited 1258 "studio", // studio United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1259 "study", // study OPEN UNIVERSITIES AUSTRALIA PTY LTD 1260 "style", // style Binky Moon, LLC 1261 "sucks", // sucks Vox Populi Registry Ltd. 1262 "supplies", // supplies Atomic Fields, LLC 1263 "supply", // supply Half Falls, LLC 1264 "support", // support Grand Orchard, LLC 1265 "surf", // surf Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 1266 "surgery", // surgery Tin Avenue, LLC 1267 "suzuki", // suzuki SUZUKI MOTOR CORPORATION 1268 "swatch", // swatch The Swatch Group Ltd 1269 "swiftcover", // swiftcover Swiftcover Insurance Services Limited 1270 "swiss", // swiss Swiss Confederation 1271 "sydney", // sydney State of New South Wales, Department of Premier and Cabinet 1272 "symantec", // symantec Symantec Corporation 1273 "systems", // systems Dash Cypress, LLC 1274 "tab", // tab Tabcorp Holdings Limited 1275 "taipei", // taipei Taipei City Government 1276 "talk", // talk Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1277 "taobao", // taobao Alibaba Group Holding Limited 1278 "target", // target Target Domain Holdings, LLC 1279 "tatamotors", // tatamotors Tata Motors Ltd 1280 "tatar", // tatar Limited Liability Company "Coordination Center of Regional Domain of Tatarstan Republic" 1281 "tattoo", // tattoo Uniregistry, Corp. 1282 "tax", // tax Storm Orchard, LLC 1283 "taxi", // taxi Pine Falls, LLC 1284 "tci", // tci Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. 1285 "tdk", // tdk TDK Corporation 1286 "team", // team Atomic Lake, LLC 1287 "tech", // tech Dot Tech LLC 1288 "technology", // technology Auburn Falls, LLC 1289 "tel", // tel Telnic Ltd. 1290 "telecity", // telecity TelecityGroup International Limited 1291 "telefonica", // telefonica Telefónica S.A. 1292 "temasek", // temasek Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited 1293 "tennis", // tennis Cotton Bloom, LLC 1294 "teva", // teva Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited 1295 "thd", // thd Homer TLC, Inc. 1296 "theater", // theater Blue Tigers, LLC 1297 "theatre", // theatre XYZ.COM LLC 1298 "tiaa", // tiaa Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America 1299 "tickets", // tickets Accent Media Limited 1300 "tienda", // tienda Victor Manor, LLC 1301 "tiffany", // tiffany Tiffany and Company 1302 "tips", // tips Corn Willow, LLC 1303 "tires", // tires Dog Edge, LLC 1304 "tirol", // tirol punkt Tirol GmbH 1305 "tjmaxx", // tjmaxx The TJX Companies, Inc. 1306 "tjx", // tjx The TJX Companies, Inc. 1307 "tkmaxx", // tkmaxx The TJX Companies, Inc. 1308 "tmall", // tmall Alibaba Group Holding Limited 1309 "today", // today Pearl Woods, LLC 1310 "tokyo", // tokyo GMO Registry, Inc. 1311 "tools", // tools Pioneer North, LLC 1312 "top", // top Jiangsu Bangning Science & Technology Co.,Ltd. 1313 "toray", // toray Toray Industries, Inc. 1314 "toshiba", // toshiba TOSHIBA Corporation 1315 "total", // total Total SA 1316 "tours", // tours Sugar Station, LLC 1317 "town", // town Koko Moon, LLC 1318 "toyota", // toyota TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION 1319 "toys", // toys Pioneer Orchard, LLC 1320 "trade", // trade Elite Registry Limited 1321 "trading", // trading DOTTRADING REGISTRY LTD 1322 "training", // training Wild Willow, LLC 1323 "travel", // travel Tralliance Registry Management Company, LLC. 1324 "travelchannel", // travelchannel Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 1325 "travelers", // travelers Travelers TLD, LLC 1326 "travelersinsurance", // travelersinsurance Travelers TLD, LLC 1327 "trust", // trust Artemis Internet Inc 1328 "trv", // trv Travelers TLD, LLC 1329 "tube", // tube Latin American Telecom LLC 1330 "tui", // tui TUI AG 1331 "tunes", // tunes Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1332 "tushu", // tushu Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1333 "tvs", // tvs T V SUNDRAM IYENGAR & SONS PRIVATE LIMITED 1334 "ubank", // ubank National Australia Bank Limited 1335 "ubs", // ubs UBS AG 1336 "uconnect", // uconnect FCA US LLC. 1337 "unicom", // unicom China United Network Communications Corporation Limited 1338 "university", // university Little Station, LLC 1339 "uno", // uno Dot Latin LLC 1340 "uol", // uol UBN INTERNET LTDA. 1341 "ups", // ups UPS Market Driver, Inc. 1342 "vacations", // vacations Atomic Tigers, LLC 1343 "vana", // vana Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 1344 "vanguard", // vanguard The Vanguard Group, Inc. 1345 "vegas", // vegas Dot Vegas, Inc. 1346 "ventures", // ventures Binky Lake, LLC 1347 "verisign", // verisign VeriSign, Inc. 1348 "versicherung", // versicherung dotversicherung-registry GmbH 1349 "vet", // vet United TLD Holdco, Ltd 1350 "viajes", // viajes Black Madison, LLC 1351 "video", // video United TLD Holdco, Ltd 1352 "vig", // vig VIENNA INSURANCE GROUP AG Wiener Versicherung Gruppe 1353 "viking", // viking Viking River Cruises (Bermuda) Ltd. 1354 "villas", // villas New Sky, LLC 1355 "vin", // vin Holly Shadow, LLC 1356 "vip", // vip Minds + Machines Group Limited 1357 "virgin", // virgin Virgin Enterprises Limited 1358 "visa", // visa Visa Worldwide Pte. Limited 1359 "vision", // vision Koko Station, LLC 1360 "vista", // vista Vistaprint Limited 1361 "vistaprint", // vistaprint Vistaprint Limited 1362 "viva", // viva Saudi Telecom Company 1363 "vivo", // vivo Telefonica Brasil S.A. 1364 "vlaanderen", // vlaanderen DNS.be vzw 1365 "vodka", // vodka Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 1366 "volkswagen", // volkswagen Volkswagen Group of America Inc. 1367 "volvo", // volvo Volvo Holding Sverige Aktiebolag 1368 "vote", // vote Monolith Registry LLC 1369 "voting", // voting Valuetainment Corp. 1370 "voto", // voto Monolith Registry LLC 1371 "voyage", // voyage Ruby House, LLC 1372 "vuelos", // vuelos Travel Reservations SRL 1373 "wales", // wales Nominet UK 1374 "walmart", // walmart Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. 1375 "walter", // walter Sandvik AB 1376 "wang", // wang Zodiac Registry Limited 1377 "wanggou", // wanggou Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1378 "warman", // warman Weir Group IP Limited 1379 "watch", // watch Sand Shadow, LLC 1380 "watches", // watches Richemont DNS Inc. 1381 "weather", // weather The Weather Channel, LLC 1382 "weatherchannel", // weatherchannel The Weather Channel, LLC 1383 "webcam", // webcam dot Webcam Limited 1384 "weber", // weber Saint-Gobain Weber SA 1385 "website", // website DotWebsite Inc. 1386 "wed", // wed Atgron, Inc. 1387 "wedding", // wedding Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 1388 "weibo", // weibo Sina Corporation 1389 "weir", // weir Weir Group IP Limited 1390 "whoswho", // whoswho Who's Who Registry 1391 "wien", // wien punkt.wien GmbH 1392 "wiki", // wiki Top Level Design, LLC 1393 "williamhill", // williamhill William Hill Organization Limited 1394 "win", // win First Registry Limited 1395 "windows", // windows Microsoft Corporation 1396 "wine", // wine June Station, LLC 1397 "winners", // winners The TJX Companies, Inc. 1398 "wme", // wme William Morris Endeavor Entertainment, LLC 1399 "wolterskluwer", // wolterskluwer Wolters Kluwer N.V. 1400 "woodside", // woodside Woodside Petroleum Limited 1401 "work", // work Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 1402 "works", // works Little Dynamite, LLC 1403 "world", // world Bitter Fields, LLC 1404 "wow", // wow Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1405 "wtc", // wtc World Trade Centers Association, Inc. 1406 "wtf", // wtf Hidden Way, LLC 1407 "xbox", // xbox Microsoft Corporation 1408 "xerox", // xerox Xerox DNHC LLC 1409 "xfinity", // xfinity Comcast IP Holdings I, LLC 1410 "xihuan", // xihuan QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD. 1411 "xin", // xin Elegant Leader Limited 1412 "xn--11b4c3d", // कॉम VeriSign Sarl 1413 "xn--1ck2e1b", // セール Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1414 "xn--1qqw23a", // 佛山 Guangzhou YU Wei Information Technology Co., Ltd. 1415 "xn--30rr7y", // 慈善 Excellent First Limited 1416 "xn--3bst00m", // 集团 Eagle Horizon Limited 1417 "xn--3ds443g", // 在线 TLD REGISTRY LIMITED 1418 "xn--3oq18vl8pn36a", // 大众汽车 Volkswagen (China) Investment Co., Ltd. 1419 "xn--3pxu8k", // 点看 VeriSign Sarl 1420 "xn--42c2d9a", // คอม VeriSign Sarl 1421 "xn--45q11c", // 八卦 Zodiac Scorpio Limited 1422 "xn--4gbrim", // موقع Suhub Electronic Establishment 1423 "xn--55qw42g", // 公益 China Organizational Name Administration Center 1424 "xn--55qx5d", // 公司 Computer Network Information Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences （China Internet Network Information Center） 1425 "xn--5su34j936bgsg", // 香格里拉 Shangri‐La International Hotel Management Limited 1426 "xn--5tzm5g", // 网站 Global Website TLD Asia Limited 1427 "xn--6frz82g", // 移动 Afilias Limited 1428 "xn--6qq986b3xl", // 我爱你 Tycoon Treasure Limited 1429 "xn--80adxhks", // москва Foundation for Assistance for Internet Technologies and Infrastructure Development (FAITID) 1430 "xn--80aqecdr1a", // католик Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication) 1431 "xn--80asehdb", // онлайн CORE Association 1432 "xn--80aswg", // сайт CORE Association 1433 "xn--8y0a063a", // 联通 China United Network Communications Corporation Limited 1434 "xn--90ae", // бг Imena.BG Plc (NAMES.BG Plc) 1435 "xn--9dbq2a", // קום VeriSign Sarl 1436 "xn--9et52u", // 时尚 RISE VICTORY LIMITED 1437 "xn--9krt00a", // 微博 Sina Corporation 1438 "xn--b4w605ferd", // 淡马锡 Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited 1439 "xn--bck1b9a5dre4c", // ファッション Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1440 "xn--c1avg", // орг Public Interest Registry 1441 "xn--c2br7g", // नेट VeriSign Sarl 1442 "xn--cck2b3b", // ストア Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1443 "xn--cg4bki", // 삼성 SAMSUNG SDS CO., LTD 1444 "xn--czr694b", // 商标 HU YI GLOBAL INFORMATION RESOURCES(HOLDING) COMPANY.HONGKONG LIMITED 1445 "xn--czrs0t", // 商店 Wild Island, LLC 1446 "xn--czru2d", // 商城 Zodiac Aquarius Limited 1447 "xn--d1acj3b", // дети The Foundation for Network Initiatives “The Smart Internet” 1448 "xn--eckvdtc9d", // ポイント Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1449 "xn--efvy88h", // 新闻 Xinhua News Agency Guangdong Branch 新华通讯社广东分社 1450 "xn--estv75g", // 工行 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited 1451 "xn--fct429k", // 家電 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1452 "xn--fhbei", // كوم VeriSign Sarl 1453 "xn--fiq228c5hs", // 中文网 TLD REGISTRY LIMITED 1454 "xn--fiq64b", // 中信 CITIC Group Corporation 1455 "xn--fjq720a", // 娱乐 Will Bloom, LLC 1456 "xn--flw351e", // 谷歌 Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1457 "xn--fzys8d69uvgm", // 電訊盈科 PCCW Enterprises Limited 1458 "xn--g2xx48c", // 购物 Minds + Machines Group Limited 1459 "xn--gckr3f0f", // クラウド Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1460 "xn--gk3at1e", // 通販 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1461 "xn--hxt814e", // 网店 Zodiac Libra Limited 1462 "xn--i1b6b1a6a2e", // संगठन Public Interest Registry 1463 "xn--imr513n", // 餐厅 HU YI GLOBAL INFORMATION RESOURCES (HOLDING) COMPANY. HONGKONG LIMITED 1464 "xn--io0a7i", // 网络 Computer Network Information Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences （China Internet Network Information Center） 1465 "xn--j1aef", // ком VeriSign Sarl 1466 "xn--jlq61u9w7b", // 诺基亚 Nokia Corporation 1467 "xn--jvr189m", // 食品 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1468 "xn--kcrx77d1x4a", // 飞利浦 Koninklijke Philips N.V. 1469 "xn--kpu716f", // 手表 Richemont DNS Inc. 1470 "xn--kput3i", // 手机 Beijing RITT-Net Technology Development Co., Ltd 1471 "xn--mgba3a3ejt", // ارامكو Aramco Services Company 1472 "xn--mgba7c0bbn0a", // العليان Crescent Holding GmbH 1473 "xn--mgbab2bd", // بازار CORE Association 1474 "xn--mgbb9fbpob", // موبايلي GreenTech Consultancy Company W.L.L. 1475 "xn--mgbca7dzdo", // ابوظبي Abu Dhabi Systems and Information Centre 1476 "xn--mgbi4ecexp", // كاثوليك Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication) 1477 "xn--mgbt3dhd", // همراه Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. 1478 "xn--mk1bu44c", // 닷컴 VeriSign Sarl 1479 "xn--mxtq1m", // 政府 Net-Chinese Co., Ltd. 1480 "xn--ngbc5azd", // شبكة International Domain Registry Pty. Ltd. 1481 "xn--ngbe9e0a", // بيتك Kuwait Finance House 1482 "xn--nqv7f", // 机构 Public Interest Registry 1483 "xn--nqv7fs00ema", // 组织机构 Public Interest Registry 1484 "xn--nyqy26a", // 健康 Stable Tone Limited 1485 "xn--p1acf", // рус Rusnames Limited 1486 "xn--pbt977c", // 珠宝 Richemont DNS Inc. 1487 "xn--pssy2u", // 大拿 VeriSign Sarl 1488 "xn--q9jyb4c", // みんな Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1489 "xn--qcka1pmc", // グーグル Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1490 "xn--rhqv96g", // 世界 Stable Tone Limited 1491 "xn--rovu88b", // 書籍 Amazon EU S.à r.l. 1492 "xn--ses554g", // 网址 KNET Co., Ltd 1493 "xn--t60b56a", // 닷넷 VeriSign Sarl 1494 "xn--tckwe", // コム VeriSign Sarl 1495 "xn--tiq49xqyj", // 天主教 Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication) 1496 "xn--unup4y", // 游戏 Spring Fields, LLC 1497 "xn--vermgensberater-ctb", // VERMöGENSBERATER Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG 1498 "xn--vermgensberatung-pwb", // VERMöGENSBERATUNG Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG 1499 "xn--vhquv", // 企业 Dash McCook, LLC 1500 "xn--vuq861b", // 信息 Beijing Tele-info Network Technology Co., Ltd. 1501 "xn--w4r85el8fhu5dnra", // 嘉里大酒店 Kerry Trading Co. Limited 1502 "xn--w4rs40l", // 嘉里 Kerry Trading Co. Limited 1503 "xn--xhq521b", // 广东 Guangzhou YU Wei Information Technology Co., Ltd. 1504 "xn--zfr164b", // 政务 China Organizational Name Administration Center 1505 "xperia", // xperia Sony Mobile Communications AB 1506 "xxx", // xxx ICM Registry LLC 1507 "xyz", // xyz XYZ.COM LLC 1508 "yachts", // yachts DERYachts, LLC 1509 "yahoo", // yahoo Yahoo! Domain Services Inc. 1510 "yamaxun", // yamaxun Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1511 "yandex", // yandex YANDEX, LLC 1512 "yodobashi", // yodobashi YODOBASHI CAMERA CO.,LTD. 1513 "yoga", // yoga Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 1514 "yokohama", // yokohama GMO Registry, Inc. 1515 "you", // you Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1516 "youtube", // youtube Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1517 "yun", // yun QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD. 1518 "zappos", // zappos Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1519 "zara", // zara Industria de Diseño Textil, S.A. (INDITEX, S.A.) 1520 "zero", // zero Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1521 "zip", // zip Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1522 "zippo", // zippo Zadco Company 1523 "zone", // zone Outer Falls, LLC 1524 "zuerich", // zuerich Kanton Zürich (Canton of Zurich) 1525}; 1526 1527 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 1528 private static final String[] COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS = new String[] { 1529 "ac", // Ascension Island 1530 "ad", // Andorra 1531 "ae", // United Arab Emirates 1532 "af", // Afghanistan 1533 "ag", // Antigua and Barbuda 1534 "ai", // Anguilla 1535 "al", // Albania 1536 "am", // Armenia 1537// "an", // Netherlands Antilles (retired) 1538 "ao", // Angola 1539 "aq", // Antarctica 1540 "ar", // Argentina 1541 "as", // American Samoa 1542 "at", // Austria 1543 "au", // Australia (includes Ashmore and Cartier Islands and Coral Sea Islands) 1544 "aw", // Aruba 1545 "ax", // Åland 1546 "az", // Azerbaijan 1547 "ba", // Bosnia and Herzegovina 1548 "bb", // Barbados 1549 "bd", // Bangladesh 1550 "be", // Belgium 1551 "bf", // Burkina Faso 1552 "bg", // Bulgaria 1553 "bh", // Bahrain 1554 "bi", // Burundi 1555 "bj", // Benin 1556 "bm", // Bermuda 1557 "bn", // Brunei Darussalam 1558 "bo", // Bolivia 1559 "br", // Brazil 1560 "bs", // Bahamas 1561 "bt", // Bhutan 1562 "bv", // Bouvet Island 1563 "bw", // Botswana 1564 "by", // Belarus 1565 "bz", // Belize 1566 "ca", // Canada 1567 "cc", // Cocos (Keeling) Islands 1568 "cd", // Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire) 1569 "cf", // Central African Republic 1570 "cg", // Republic of the Congo 1571 "ch", // Switzerland 1572 "ci", // Côte d'Ivoire 1573 "ck", // Cook Islands 1574 "cl", // Chile 1575 "cm", // Cameroon 1576 "cn", // China, mainland 1577 "co", // Colombia 1578 "cr", // Costa Rica 1579 "cu", // Cuba 1580 "cv", // Cape Verde 1581 "cw", // Curaçao 1582 "cx", // Christmas Island 1583 "cy", // Cyprus 1584 "cz", // Czech Republic 1585 "de", // Germany 1586 "dj", // Djibouti 1587 "dk", // Denmark 1588 "dm", // Dominica 1589 "do", // Dominican Republic 1590 "dz", // Algeria 1591 "ec", // Ecuador 1592 "ee", // Estonia 1593 "eg", // Egypt 1594 "er", // Eritrea 1595 "es", // Spain 1596 "et", // Ethiopia 1597 "eu", // European Union 1598 "fi", // Finland 1599 "fj", // Fiji 1600 "fk", // Falkland Islands 1601 "fm", // Federated States of Micronesia 1602 "fo", // Faroe Islands 1603 "fr", // France 1604 "ga", // Gabon 1605 "gb", // Great Britain (United Kingdom) 1606 "gd", // Grenada 1607 "ge", // Georgia 1608 "gf", // French Guiana 1609 "gg", // Guernsey 1610 "gh", // Ghana 1611 "gi", // Gibraltar 1612 "gl", // Greenland 1613 "gm", // The Gambia 1614 "gn", // Guinea 1615 "gp", // Guadeloupe 1616 "gq", // Equatorial Guinea 1617 "gr", // Greece 1618 "gs", // South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 1619 "gt", // Guatemala 1620 "gu", // Guam 1621 "gw", // Guinea-Bissau 1622 "gy", // Guyana 1623 "hk", // Hong Kong 1624 "hm", // Heard Island and McDonald Islands 1625 "hn", // Honduras 1626 "hr", // Croatia (Hrvatska) 1627 "ht", // Haiti 1628 "hu", // Hungary 1629 "id", // Indonesia 1630 "ie", // Ireland (Éire) 1631 "il", // Israel 1632 "im", // Isle of Man 1633 "in", // India 1634 "io", // British Indian Ocean Territory 1635 "iq", // Iraq 1636 "ir", // Iran 1637 "is", // Iceland 1638 "it", // Italy 1639 "je", // Jersey 1640 "jm", // Jamaica 1641 "jo", // Jordan 1642 "jp", // Japan 1643 "ke", // Kenya 1644 "kg", // Kyrgyzstan 1645 "kh", // Cambodia (Khmer) 1646 "ki", // Kiribati 1647 "km", // Comoros 1648 "kn", // Saint Kitts and Nevis 1649 "kp", // North Korea 1650 "kr", // South Korea 1651 "kw", // Kuwait 1652 "ky", // Cayman Islands 1653 "kz", // Kazakhstan 1654 "la", // Laos (currently being marketed as the official domain for Los Angeles) 1655 "lb", // Lebanon 1656 "lc", // Saint Lucia 1657 "li", // Liechtenstein 1658 "lk", // Sri Lanka 1659 "lr", // Liberia 1660 "ls", // Lesotho 1661 "lt", // Lithuania 1662 "lu", // Luxembourg 1663 "lv", // Latvia 1664 "ly", // Libya 1665 "ma", // Morocco 1666 "mc", // Monaco 1667 "md", // Moldova 1668 "me", // Montenegro 1669 "mg", // Madagascar 1670 "mh", // Marshall Islands 1671 "mk", // Republic of Macedonia 1672 "ml", // Mali 1673 "mm", // Myanmar 1674 "mn", // Mongolia 1675 "mo", // Macau 1676 "mp", // Northern Mariana Islands 1677 "mq", // Martinique 1678 "mr", // Mauritania 1679 "ms", // Montserrat 1680 "mt", // Malta 1681 "mu", // Mauritius 1682 "mv", // Maldives 1683 "mw", // Malawi 1684 "mx", // Mexico 1685 "my", // Malaysia 1686 "mz", // Mozambique 1687 "na", // Namibia 1688 "nc", // New Caledonia 1689 "ne", // Niger 1690 "nf", // Norfolk Island 1691 "ng", // Nigeria 1692 "ni", // Nicaragua 1693 "nl", // Netherlands 1694 "no", // Norway 1695 "np", // Nepal 1696 "nr", // Nauru 1697 "nu", // Niue 1698 "nz", // New Zealand 1699 "om", // Oman 1700 "pa", // Panama 1701 "pe", // Peru 1702 "pf", // French Polynesia With Clipperton Island 1703 "pg", // Papua New Guinea 1704 "ph", // Philippines 1705 "pk", // Pakistan 1706 "pl", // Poland 1707 "pm", // Saint-Pierre and Miquelon 1708 "pn", // Pitcairn Islands 1709 "pr", // Puerto Rico 1710 "ps", // Palestinian territories (PA-controlled West Bank and Gaza Strip) 1711 "pt", // Portugal 1712 "pw", // Palau 1713 "py", // Paraguay 1714 "qa", // Qatar 1715 "re", // Réunion 1716 "ro", // Romania 1717 "rs", // Serbia 1718 "ru", // Russia 1719 "rw", // Rwanda 1720 "sa", // Saudi Arabia 1721 "sb", // Solomon Islands 1722 "sc", // Seychelles 1723 "sd", // Sudan 1724 "se", // Sweden 1725 "sg", // Singapore 1726 "sh", // Saint Helena 1727 "si", // Slovenia 1728 "sj", // Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands Not in use (Norwegian dependencies; see .no) 1729 "sk", // Slovakia 1730 "sl", // Sierra Leone 1731 "sm", // San Marino 1732 "sn", // Senegal 1733 "so", // Somalia 1734 "sr", // Suriname 1735 "st", // São Tomé and Príncipe 1736 "su", // Soviet Union (deprecated) 1737 "sv", // El Salvador 1738 "sx", // Sint Maarten 1739 "sy", // Syria 1740 "sz", // Swaziland 1741 "tc", // Turks and Caicos Islands 1742 "td", // Chad 1743 "tf", // French Southern and Antarctic Lands 1744 "tg", // Togo 1745 "th", // Thailand 1746 "tj", // Tajikistan 1747 "tk", // Tokelau 1748 "tl", // East Timor (deprecated old code) 1749 "tm", // Turkmenistan 1750 "tn", // Tunisia 1751 "to", // Tonga 1752// "tp", // East Timor (Retired) 1753 "tr", // Turkey 1754 "tt", // Trinidad and Tobago 1755 "tv", // Tuvalu 1756 "tw", // Taiwan, Republic of China 1757 "tz", // Tanzania 1758 "ua", // Ukraine 1759 "ug", // Uganda 1760 "uk", // United Kingdom 1761 "us", // United States of America 1762 "uy", // Uruguay 1763 "uz", // Uzbekistan 1764 "va", // Vatican City State 1765 "vc", // Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1766 "ve", // Venezuela 1767 "vg", // British Virgin Islands 1768 "vi", // U.S. Virgin Islands 1769 "vn", // Vietnam 1770 "vu", // Vanuatu 1771 "wf", // Wallis and Futuna 1772 "ws", // Samoa (formerly Western Samoa) 1773 "xn--3e0b707e", // 한국 KISA (Korea Internet & Security Agency) 1774 "xn--45brj9c", // ভারত National Internet Exchange of India 1775 "xn--54b7fta0cc", // বাংলা Posts and Telecommunications Division 1776 "xn--80ao21a", // қаз Association of IT Companies of Kazakhstan 1777 "xn--90a3ac", // срб Serbian National Internet Domain Registry (RNIDS) 1778 "xn--90ais", // ??? Reliable Software Inc. 1779 "xn--clchc0ea0b2g2a9gcd", // சிங்கப்பூர் Singapore Network Information Centre (SGNIC) Pte Ltd 1780 "xn--d1alf", // мкд Macedonian Academic Research Network Skopje 1781 "xn--e1a4c", // ею EURid vzw/asbl 1782 "xn--fiqs8s", // 中国 China Internet Network Information Center 1783 "xn--fiqz9s", // 中國 China Internet Network Information Center 1784 "xn--fpcrj9c3d", // భారత్ National Internet Exchange of India 1785 "xn--fzc2c9e2c", // ලංකා LK Domain Registry 1786 "xn--gecrj9c", // ભારત National Internet Exchange of India 1787 "xn--h2brj9c", // भारत National Internet Exchange of India 1788 "xn--j1amh", // укр Ukrainian Network Information Centre (UANIC), Inc. 1789 "xn--j6w193g", // 香港 Hong Kong Internet Registration Corporation Ltd. 1790 "xn--kprw13d", // 台湾 Taiwan Network Information Center (TWNIC) 1791 "xn--kpry57d", // 台灣 Taiwan Network Information Center (TWNIC) 1792 "xn--l1acc", // мон Datacom Co.,Ltd 1793 "xn--lgbbat1ad8j", // الجزائر CERIST 1794 "xn--mgb9awbf", // عمان Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA) 1795 "xn--mgba3a4f16a", // ایران Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM) 1796 "xn--mgbaam7a8h", // امارات Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA) 1797 "xn--mgbayh7gpa", // الاردن National Information Technology Center (NITC) 1798 "xn--mgbbh1a71e", // بھارت National Internet Exchange of India 1799 "xn--mgbc0a9azcg", // المغرب Agence Nationale de Réglementation des Télécommunications (ANRT) 1800 "xn--mgberp4a5d4ar", // السعودية Communications and Information Technology Commission 1801 "xn--mgbpl2fh", // ????? Sudan Internet Society 1802 "xn--mgbtx2b", // عراق Communications and Media Commission (CMC) 1803 "xn--mgbx4cd0ab", // مليسيا MYNIC Berhad 1804 "xn--mix891f", // 澳門 Bureau of Telecommunications Regulation (DSRT) 1805 "xn--node", // გე Information Technologies Development Center (ITDC) 1806 "xn--o3cw4h", // ไทย Thai Network Information Center Foundation 1807 "xn--ogbpf8fl", // سورية National Agency for Network Services (NANS) 1808 "xn--p1ai", // рф Coordination Center for TLD RU 1809 "xn--pgbs0dh", // تونس Agence Tunisienne d'Internet 1810 "xn--qxam", // ελ ICS-FORTH GR 1811 "xn--s9brj9c", // ਭਾਰਤ National Internet Exchange of India 1812 "xn--wgbh1c", // مصر National Telecommunication Regulatory Authority - NTRA 1813 "xn--wgbl6a", // قطر Communications Regulatory Authority 1814 "xn--xkc2al3hye2a", // இலங்கை LK Domain Registry 1815 "xn--xkc2dl3a5ee0h", // இந்தியா National Internet Exchange of India 1816 "xn--y9a3aq", // ??? Internet Society 1817 "xn--yfro4i67o", // 新加坡 Singapore Network Information Centre (SGNIC) Pte Ltd 1818 "xn--ygbi2ammx", // فلسطين Ministry of Telecom & Information Technology (MTIT) 1819 "ye", // Yemen 1820 "yt", // Mayotte 1821 "za", // South Africa 1822 "zm", // Zambia 1823 "zw", // Zimbabwe 1824 }; 1825 1826 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 1827 private static final String[] LOCAL_TLDS = new String[] { 1828 "localdomain", // Also widely used as localhost.localdomain 1829 "localhost", // RFC2606 defined 1830 }; 1831 1832 // Additional arrays to supplement or override the built in ones. 1833 // The PLUS arrays are valid keys, the MINUS arrays are invalid keys 1834 1835 /* 1836 * This field is used to detect whether the getInstance has been called. 1837 * After this, the method updateTLDOverride is not allowed to be called. 1838 * This field does not need to be volatile since it is only accessed from 1839 * synchronized methods. 1840 */ 1841 private static boolean inUse = false; 1842 1843 /* 1844 * These arrays are mutable, but they don't need to be volatile. 1845 * They can only be updated by the updateTLDOverride method, and any readers must get an instance 1846 * using the getInstance methods which are all (now) synchronised. 1847 */ 1848 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 1849 private static volatile String[] countryCodeTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1850 1851 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 1852 private static volatile String[] genericTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1853 1854 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 1855 private static volatile String[] countryCodeTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1856 1857 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 1858 private static volatile String[] genericTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1859 1860 /** 1861 * enum used by {@link DomainValidator#updateTLDOverride(ArrayType, String[])} 1862 * to determine which override array to update / fetch 1863 * @since 1.5.0 1864 * @since 1.5.1 made public and added read-only array references 1865 */ 1866 public enum ArrayType { 1867 /** Update (or get a copy of) the GENERIC_TLDS_PLUS table containing additonal generic TLDs */ 1868 GENERIC_PLUS, 1869 /** Update (or get a copy of) the GENERIC_TLDS_MINUS table containing deleted generic TLDs */ 1870 GENERIC_MINUS, 1871 /** Update (or get a copy of) the COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS_PLUS table containing additonal country code TLDs */ 1872 COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS, 1873 /** Update (or get a copy of) the COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS_MINUS table containing deleted country code TLDs */ 1874 COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS, 1875 /** Get a copy of the generic TLDS table */ 1876 GENERIC_RO, 1877 /** Get a copy of the country code table */ 1878 COUNTRY_CODE_RO, 1879 /** Get a copy of the infrastructure table */ 1880 INFRASTRUCTURE_RO, 1881 /** Get a copy of the local table */ 1882 LOCAL_RO 1883 ; 1884 }; 1885 1886 // For use by unit test code only 1887 static synchronized void clearTLDOverrides() { 1888 inUse = false; 1889 countryCodeTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1890 countryCodeTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1891 genericTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1892 genericTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1893 } 1894 /** 1895 * Update one of the TLD override arrays. 1896 * This must only be done at program startup, before any instances are accessed using getInstance. 1897 * <p> 1898 * For example: 1899 * <p> 1900 * {@code DomainValidator.updateTLDOverride(ArrayType.GENERIC_PLUS, new String[]{"apache"})} 1901 * <p> 1902 * To clear an override array, provide an empty array. 1903 * 1904 * @param table the table to update, see {@link DomainValidator.ArrayType} 1905 * Must be one of the following 1906 * <ul> 1907 * <li>COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS</li> 1908 * <li>COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS</li> 1909 * <li>GENERIC_MINUS</li> 1910 * <li>GENERIC_PLUS</li> 1911 * </ul> 1912 * @param tlds the array of TLDs, must not be null 1913 * @throws IllegalStateException if the method is called after getInstance 1914 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if one of the read-only tables is requested 1915 * @since 1.5.0 1916 */ 1917 public static synchronized void updateTLDOverride(ArrayType table, String [] tlds) { 1918 if (inUse) { 1919 throw new IllegalStateException("Can only invoke this method before calling getInstance"); 1920 } 1921 String [] copy = new String[tlds.length]; 1922 // Comparisons are always done with lower-case entries 1923 for (int i = 0; i < tlds.length; i++) { 1924 copy[i] = tlds[i].toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH); 1925 } 1926 Arrays.sort(copy); 1927 switch(table) { 1928 case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS: 1929 countryCodeTLDsMinus = copy; 1930 break; 1931 case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS: 1932 countryCodeTLDsPlus = copy; 1933 break; 1934 case GENERIC_MINUS: 1935 genericTLDsMinus = copy; 1936 break; 1937 case GENERIC_PLUS: 1938 genericTLDsPlus = copy; 1939 break; 1940 case COUNTRY_CODE_RO: 1941 case GENERIC_RO: 1942 case INFRASTRUCTURE_RO: 1943 case LOCAL_RO: 1944 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot update the table: " + table); 1945 default: 1946 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected enum value: " + table); 1947 } 1948 } 1949 1950 /** 1951 * Get a copy of the internal array. 1952 * @param table the array type (any of the enum values) 1953 * @return a copy of the array 1954 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the table type is unexpected (should not happen) 1955 * @since 1.5.1 1956 */ 1957 public static String [] getTLDEntries(ArrayType table) { 1958 final String array[]; 1959 switch(table) { 1960 case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS: 1961 array = countryCodeTLDsMinus; 1962 break; 1963 case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS: 1964 array = countryCodeTLDsPlus; 1965 break; 1966 case GENERIC_MINUS: 1967 array = genericTLDsMinus; 1968 break; 1969 case GENERIC_PLUS: 1970 array = genericTLDsPlus; 1971 break; 1972 case GENERIC_RO: 1973 array = GENERIC_TLDS; 1974 break; 1975 case COUNTRY_CODE_RO: 1976 array = COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS; 1977 break; 1978 case INFRASTRUCTURE_RO: 1979 array = INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS; 1980 break; 1981 case LOCAL_RO: 1982 array = LOCAL_TLDS; 1983 break; 1984 default: 1985 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected enum value: " + table); 1986 } 1987 return Arrays.copyOf(array, array.length); // clone the array 1988 } 1989 1990 /** 1991 * Converts potentially Unicode input to punycode. 1992 * If conversion fails, returns the original input. 1993 * 1994 * @param input the string to convert, not null 1995 * @return converted input, or original input if conversion fails 1996 */ 1997 // Needed by UrlValidator 1998 static String unicodeToASCII(String input) { 1999 if (isOnlyASCII(input)) { // skip possibly expensive processing 2000 return input; 2001 } 2002 try { 2003 final String ascii = IDN.toASCII(input); 2004 if (IDNBUGHOLDER.IDN_TOASCII_PRESERVES_TRAILING_DOTS) { 2005 return ascii; 2006 } 2007 final int length = input.length(); 2008 if (length == 0) {// check there is a last character 2009 return input; 2010 } 2011 // RFC3490 3.1. 1) 2012 // Whenever dots are used as label separators, the following 2013 // characters MUST be recognized as dots: U+002E (full stop), U+3002 2014 // (ideographic full stop), U+FF0E (fullwidth full stop), U+FF61 2015 // (halfwidth ideographic full stop). 2016 char lastChar = input.charAt(length-1);// fetch original last char 2017 switch(lastChar) { 2018 case '\u002E': // "." full stop 2019 case '\u3002': // ideographic full stop 2020 case '\uFF0E': // fullwidth full stop 2021 case '\uFF61': // halfwidth ideographic full stop 2022 return ascii + "."; // restore the missing stop 2023 default: 2024 return ascii; 2025 } 2026 } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { // input is not valid 2027 return input; 2028 } 2029 } 2030 2031 private static class IDNBUGHOLDER { 2032 private static boolean keepsTrailingDot() { 2033 final String input = "a."; // must be a valid name 2034 return input.equals(IDN.toASCII(input)); 2035 } 2036 private static final boolean IDN_TOASCII_PRESERVES_TRAILING_DOTS = keepsTrailingDot(); 2037 } 2038 2039 /* 2040 * Check if input contains only ASCII 2041 * Treats null as all ASCII 2042 */ 2043 private static boolean isOnlyASCII(String input) { 2044 if (input == null) { 2045 return true; 2046 } 2047 for(int i=0; i < input.length(); i++) { 2048 if (input.charAt(i) > 0x7F) { // CHECKSTYLE IGNORE MagicNumber 2049 return false; 2050 } 2051 } 2052 return true; 2053 } 2054 2055 /** 2056 * Check if a sorted array contains the specified key 2057 * 2058 * @param sortedArray the array to search 2059 * @param key the key to find 2060 * @return {@code true} if the array contains the key 2061 */ 2062 private static boolean arrayContains(String[] sortedArray, String key) { 2063 return Arrays.binarySearch(sortedArray, key) >= 0; 2064 } 2065}