1 /*
2 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
3 * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
4 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
5 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
6 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
7 * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
8 *
9 * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
10 *
11 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
12 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
13 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
14 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
15 * limitations under the License.
16 */
17 package org.apache.commons.validator.routines;
18
19 import java.io.Serializable;
20 import java.net.IDN;
21 import java.util.Arrays;
22 import java.util.List;
23 import java.util.Locale;
24
25 /**
26 * <p><strong>Domain name</strong> validation routines.</p>
27 *
28 * <p>
29 * This validator provides methods for validating Internet domain names
30 * and top-level domains.
31 * </p>
32 *
33 * <p>Domain names are evaluated according
34 * to the standards <a href="https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1034.txt">RFC1034</a>,
35 * section 3, and <a href="https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1123.txt">RFC1123</a>,
36 * section 2.1. No accommodation is provided for the specialized needs of
37 * other applications; if the domain name has been URL-encoded, for example,
38 * validation will fail even though the equivalent plaintext version of the
39 * same name would have passed.
40 * </p>
41 *
42 * <p>
43 * Validation is also provided for top-level domains (TLDs) as defined and
44 * maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA):
45 * </p>
46 *
47 * <ul>
48 * <li>{@link #isValidInfrastructureTld} - validates infrastructure TLDs
49 * ({@code .arpa}, etc.)</li>
50 * <li>{@link #isValidGenericTld} - validates generic TLDs
51 * ({@code .com, .org}, etc.)</li>
52 * <li>{@link #isValidCountryCodeTld} - validates country code TLDs
53 * ({@code .us, .uk, .cn}, etc.)</li>
54 * </ul>
55 *
56 * <p>
57 * (<strong>NOTE</strong>: This class does not provide IP address lookup for domain names or
58 * methods to ensure that a given domain name matches a specific IP; see
59 * {@link java.net.InetAddress} for that functionality.)
60 * </p>
61 *
62 * @since 1.4
63 */
64 public class DomainValidator implements Serializable {
65
66 /**
67 * Enum used by {@link DomainValidator#updateTLDOverride(ArrayType, String[])}
68 * to determine which override array to update / fetch
69 *
70 * @since 1.5.0
71 * @since 1.5.1 made public and added read-only array references
72 */
73 public enum ArrayType {
74
75 /** Update (or get a copy of) the GENERIC_TLDS_PLUS table containing additional generic TLDs */
76 GENERIC_PLUS,
77
78 /** Update (or get a copy of) the GENERIC_TLDS_MINUS table containing deleted generic TLDs */
79 GENERIC_MINUS,
80
81 /** Update (or get a copy of) the COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS_PLUS table containing additional country code TLDs */
82 COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS,
83
84 /** Update (or get a copy of) the COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS_MINUS table containing deleted country code TLDs */
85 COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS,
86
87 /** Gets a copy of the generic TLDS table */
88 GENERIC_RO,
89
90 /** Gets a copy of the country code table */
91 COUNTRY_CODE_RO,
92
93 /** Gets a copy of the infrastructure table */
94 INFRASTRUCTURE_RO,
95
96 /** Gets a copy of the local table */
97 LOCAL_RO,
98
99 /**
100 * Update (or get a copy of) the LOCAL_TLDS_PLUS table containing additional local TLDs
101 *
102 * @since 1.7
103 */
104 LOCAL_PLUS,
105
106 /**
107 * Update (or get a copy of) the LOCAL_TLDS_MINUS table containing deleted local TLDs
108 *
109 * @since 1.7
110 */
111 LOCAL_MINUS
112 ;
113 }
114
115 private static class IDNBUGHOLDER {
116 private static final boolean IDN_TOASCII_PRESERVES_TRAILING_DOTS = keepsTrailingDot();
117 private static boolean keepsTrailingDot() {
118 final String input = "a."; // must be a valid name
119 return input.equals(IDN.toASCII(input));
120 }
121 }
122
123 /**
124 * Specifies overrides when creating a new class.
125 *
126 * @since 1.7
127 */
128 public static class Item {
129 final ArrayType type;
130 final String[] values;
131
132 /**
133 * Constructs a new instance.
134 *
135 * @param type ArrayType, for example, GENERIC_PLUS, LOCAL_PLUS
136 * @param values array of TLDs. Will be lower-cased and sorted
137 */
138 public Item(final ArrayType type, final String... values) {
139 this.type = type;
140 this.values = values; // no need to copy here
141 }
142 }
143
144 // Regular expression strings for hostnames (derived from RFC2396 and RFC 1123)
145
146 private static class LazyHolder { // IODH
147
148 /**
149 * Singleton instance of this validator, which
150 * doesn't consider local addresses as valid.
151 */
152 private static final DomainValidator DOMAIN_VALIDATOR = new DomainValidator(false);
153
154 /**
155 * Singleton instance of this validator, which does
156 * consider local addresses valid.
157 */
158 private static final DomainValidator DOMAIN_VALIDATOR_WITH_LOCAL = new DomainValidator(true);
159
160 }
161
162 /** Maximum allowable length ({@value}) of a domain name */
163 private static final int MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH = 253;
164
165 private static final String[] EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY = {};
166
167 private static final long serialVersionUID = -4407125112880174009L;
168
169 // RFC2396: domainlabel = alphanum | alphanum *( alphanum | "-" ) alphanum
170 // Max 63 characters
171 private static final String DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX = "\\p{Alnum}(?>[\\p{Alnum}-]{0,61}\\p{Alnum})?";
172
173 // RFC2396 toplabel = alpha | alpha *( alphanum | "-" ) alphanum
174 // Max 63 characters
175 private static final String TOP_LABEL_REGEX = "\\p{Alpha}(?>[\\p{Alnum}-]{0,61}\\p{Alnum})?";
176
177 /**
178 * The above instances must only be returned via the getInstance() methods.
179 * This is to ensure that the override data arrays are properly protected.
180 */
181
182 // RFC2396 hostname = *( domainlabel "." ) toplabel [ "." ]
183 // Note that the regex currently requires both a domain label and a top level label, whereas
184 // the RFC does not. This is because the regex is used to detect if a TLD is present.
185 // If the match fails, input is checked against DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX (hostnameRegex)
186 // RFC1123 sec 2.1 allows hostnames to start with a digit
187 private static final String DOMAIN_NAME_REGEX =
188 "^(?:" + DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX + "\\.)+(" + TOP_LABEL_REGEX + ")\\.?$";
189 private static final String UNEXPECTED_ENUM_VALUE = "Unexpected enum value: ";
190
191 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
192 private static final String[] INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS = {
193 "arpa", // internet infrastructure
194 };
195
196 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
197 private static final String[] GENERIC_TLDS = {
198 // Taken from:
199 // Version 2025061000, Last Updated Tue Jun 10 07:07:01 2025 UTC
200 "aaa", // aaa American Automobile Association, Inc.
201 "aarp", // aarp AARP
202 // "abarth", // abarth Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
203 "abb", // abb ABB Ltd
204 "abbott", // abbott Abbott Laboratories, Inc.
205 "abbvie", // abbvie AbbVie Inc.
206 "abc", // abc Disney Enterprises, Inc.
207 "able", // able Able Inc.
208 "abogado", // abogado Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
209 "abudhabi", // abudhabi Abu Dhabi Systems and Information Centre
210 "academy", // academy Half Oaks, LLC
211 "accenture", // accenture Accenture plc
212 "accountant", // accountant dot Accountant Limited
213 "accountants", // accountants Knob Town, LLC
214 "aco", // aco ACO Severin Ahlmann GmbH & Co. KG
215 // "active", // active The Active Network, Inc
216 "actor", // actor United TLD Holdco Ltd.
217 // "adac", // adac Allgemeiner Deutscher Automobil-Club e.V. (ADAC)
218 "ads", // ads Charleston Road Registry Inc.
219 "adult", // adult ICM Registry AD LLC
220 "aeg", // aeg Aktiebolaget Electrolux
221 "aero", // aero Societe Internationale de Telecommunications Aeronautique (SITA INC USA)
222 "aetna", // aetna Aetna Life Insurance Company
223 // "afamilycompany", // afamilycompany Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
224 "afl", // afl Australian Football League
225 "africa", // africa ZA Central Registry NPC trading as Registry.Africa
226 "agakhan", // agakhan Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation)
227 "agency", // agency Steel Falls, LLC
228 "aig", // aig American International Group, Inc.
229 // "aigo", // aigo aigo Digital Technology Co,Ltd. [Not assigned as of Jul 25]
230 "airbus", // airbus Airbus S.A.S.
231 "airforce", // airforce United TLD Holdco Ltd.
232 "airtel", // airtel Bharti Airtel Limited
233 "akdn", // akdn Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation)
234 // "alfaromeo", // alfaromeo Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
235 "alibaba", // alibaba Alibaba Group Holding Limited
236 "alipay", // alipay Alibaba Group Holding Limited
237 "allfinanz", // allfinanz Allfinanz Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft
238 "allstate", // allstate Allstate Fire and Casualty Insurance Company
239 "ally", // ally Ally Financial Inc.
240 "alsace", // alsace REGION D ALSACE
241 "alstom", // alstom ALSTOM
242 "amazon", // amazon Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
243 "americanexpress", // americanexpress American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.
244 "americanfamily", // americanfamily AmFam, Inc.
245 "amex", // amex American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.
246 "amfam", // amfam AmFam, Inc.
247 "amica", // amica Amica Mutual Insurance Company
248 "amsterdam", // amsterdam Gemeente Amsterdam
249 "analytics", // analytics Campus IP LLC
250 "android", // android Charleston Road Registry Inc.
251 "anquan", // anquan QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.
252 "anz", // anz Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited
253 "aol", // aol AOL Inc.
254 "apartments", // apartments June Maple, LLC
255 "app", // app Charleston Road Registry Inc.
256 "apple", // apple Apple Inc.
257 "aquarelle", // aquarelle Aquarelle.com
258 "arab", // arab League of Arab States
259 "aramco", // aramco Aramco Services Company
260 "archi", // archi STARTING DOT LIMITED
261 "army", // army United TLD Holdco Ltd.
262 "art", // art UK Creative Ideas Limited
263 "arte", // arte Association Relative à la Télévision Européenne G.E.I.E.
264 "asda", // asda Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
265 "asia", // asia DotAsia Organisation Ltd.
266 "associates", // associates Baxter Hill, LLC
267 "athleta", // athleta The Gap, Inc.
268 "attorney", // attorney United TLD Holdco, Ltd
269 "auction", // auction United TLD HoldCo, Ltd.
270 "audi", // audi AUDI Aktiengesellschaft
271 "audible", // audible Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
272 "audio", // audio Uniregistry, Corp.
273 "auspost", // auspost Australian Postal Corporation
274 "author", // author Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
275 "auto", // auto Uniregistry, Corp.
276 "autos", // autos DERAutos, LLC
277 // "avianca", // avianca Aerovias del Continente Americano S.A. Avianca
278 "aws", // aws Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
279 "axa", // axa AXA SA
280 "azure", // azure Microsoft Corporation
281 "baby", // baby Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc.
282 "baidu", // baidu Baidu, Inc.
283 "banamex", // banamex Citigroup Inc.
284 // "bananarepublic", // bananarepublic The Gap, Inc.
285 "band", // band United TLD Holdco, Ltd
286 "bank", // bank fTLD Registry Services, LLC
287 "bar", // bar Punto 2012 Sociedad Anonima Promotora de Inversion de Capital Variable
288 "barcelona", // barcelona Municipi de Barcelona
289 "barclaycard", // barclaycard Barclays Bank PLC
290 "barclays", // barclays Barclays Bank PLC
291 "barefoot", // barefoot Gallo Vineyards, Inc.
292 "bargains", // bargains Half Hallow, LLC
293 "baseball", // baseball MLB Advanced Media DH, LLC
294 "basketball", // basketball Fédération Internationale de Basketball (FIBA)
295 "bauhaus", // bauhaus Werkhaus GmbH
296 "bayern", // bayern Bayern Connect GmbH
297 "bbc", // bbc British Broadcasting Corporation
298 "bbt", // bbt BB&T Corporation
299 "bbva", // bbva BANCO BILBAO VIZCAYA ARGENTARIA, S.A.
300 "bcg", // bcg The Boston Consulting Group, Inc.
301 "bcn", // bcn Municipi de Barcelona
302 "beats", // beats Beats Electronics, LLC
303 "beauty", // beauty L'Oréal
304 "beer", // beer Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
305 // "bentley", // bentley Bentley Motors Limited
306 "berlin", // berlin dotBERLIN GmbH & Co. KG
307 "best", // best BestTLD Pty Ltd
308 "bestbuy", // bestbuy BBY Solutions, Inc.
309 "bet", // bet Afilias plc
310 "bharti", // bharti Bharti Enterprises (Holding) Private Limited
311 "bible", // bible American Bible Society
312 "bid", // bid dot Bid Limited
313 "bike", // bike Grand Hollow, LLC
314 "bing", // bing Microsoft Corporation
315 "bingo", // bingo Sand Cedar, LLC
316 "bio", // bio STARTING DOT LIMITED
317 "biz", // biz Neustar, Inc.
318 "black", // black Afilias Limited
319 "blackfriday", // blackfriday Uniregistry, Corp.
320 // "blanco", // blanco BLANCO GmbH + Co KG
321 "blockbuster", // blockbuster Dish DBS Corporation
322 "blog", // blog Knock Knock WHOIS There, LLC
323 "bloomberg", // bloomberg Bloomberg IP Holdings LLC
324 "blue", // blue Afilias Limited
325 "bms", // bms Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
326 "bmw", // bmw Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft
327 // "bnl", // bnl Banca Nazionale del Lavoro
328 "bnpparibas", // bnpparibas BNP Paribas
329 "boats", // boats DERBoats, LLC
330 "boehringer", // boehringer Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH
331 "bofa", // bofa NMS Services, Inc.
332 "bom", // bom Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br
333 "bond", // bond Bond University Limited
334 "boo", // boo Charleston Road Registry Inc.
335 "book", // book Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
336 "booking", // booking Booking.com B.V.
337 // "boots", // boots THE BOOTS COMPANY PLC
338 "bosch", // bosch Robert Bosch GMBH
339 "bostik", // bostik Bostik SA
340 "boston", // boston Boston TLD Management, LLC
341 "bot", // bot Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
342 "boutique", // boutique Over Galley, LLC
343 "box", // box NS1 Limited
344 "bradesco", // bradesco Banco Bradesco S.A.
345 "bridgestone", // bridgestone Bridgestone Corporation
346 "broadway", // broadway Celebrate Broadway, Inc.
347 "broker", // broker DOTBROKER REGISTRY LTD
348 "brother", // brother Brother Industries, Ltd.
349 "brussels", // brussels DNS.be vzw
350 // "budapest", // budapest Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
351 // "bugatti", // bugatti Bugatti International SA
352 "build", // build Plan Bee LLC
353 "builders", // builders Atomic Madison, LLC
354 "business", // business Spring Cross, LLC
355 "buy", // buy Amazon Registry Services, INC
356 "buzz", // buzz DOTSTRATEGY CO.
357 "bzh", // bzh Association www.bzh
358 "cab", // cab Half Sunset, LLC
359 "cafe", // cafe Pioneer Canyon, LLC
360 "cal", // cal Charleston Road Registry Inc.
361 "call", // call Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
362 "calvinklein", // calvinklein PVH gTLD Holdings LLC
363 "cam", // cam AC Webconnecting Holding B.V.
364 "camera", // camera Atomic Maple, LLC
365 "camp", // camp Delta Dynamite, LLC
366 // "cancerresearch", // cancerresearch Australian Cancer Research Foundation
367 "canon", // canon Canon Inc.
368 "capetown", // capetown ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry
369 "capital", // capital Delta Mill, LLC
370 "capitalone", // capitalone Capital One Financial Corporation
371 "car", // car Cars Registry Limited
372 "caravan", // caravan Caravan International, Inc.
373 "cards", // cards Foggy Hollow, LLC
374 "care", // care Goose Cross, LLC
375 "career", // career dotCareer LLC
376 "careers", // careers Wild Corner, LLC
377 "cars", // cars Uniregistry, Corp.
378 // "cartier", // cartier Richemont DNS Inc.
379 "casa", // casa Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
380 "case", // case CNH Industrial N.V.
381 // "caseih", // caseih CNH Industrial N.V.
382 "cash", // cash Delta Lake, LLC
383 "casino", // casino Binky Sky, LLC
384 "cat", // cat Fundacio puntCAT
385 "catering", // catering New Falls. LLC
386 "catholic", // catholic Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication)
387 "cba", // cba COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA
388 "cbn", // cbn The Christian Broadcasting Network, Inc.
389 "cbre", // cbre CBRE, Inc.
390 // "cbs", // cbs CBS Domains Inc.
391 // "ceb", // ceb The Corporate Executive Board Company
392 "center", // center Tin Mill, LLC
393 "ceo", // ceo CEOTLD Pty Ltd
394 "cern", // cern European Organization for Nuclear Research ("CERN")
395 "cfa", // cfa CFA Institute
396 "cfd", // cfd DOTCFD REGISTRY LTD
397 "chanel", // chanel Chanel International B.V.
398 "channel", // channel Charleston Road Registry Inc.
399 "charity", // charity Corn Lake, LLC
400 "chase", // chase JPMorgan Chase & Co.
401 "chat", // chat Sand Fields, LLC
402 "cheap", // cheap Sand Cover, LLC
403 "chintai", // chintai CHINTAI Corporation
404 // "chloe", // chloe Richemont DNS Inc. (Not assigned)
405 "christmas", // christmas Uniregistry, Corp.
406 "chrome", // chrome Charleston Road Registry Inc.
407 // "chrysler", // chrysler FCA US LLC.
408 "church", // church Holly Fileds, LLC
409 "cipriani", // cipriani Hotel Cipriani Srl
410 "circle", // circle Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
411 "cisco", // cisco Cisco Technology, Inc.
412 "citadel", // citadel Citadel Domain LLC
413 "citi", // citi Citigroup Inc.
414 "citic", // citic CITIC Group Corporation
415 "city", // city Snow Sky, LLC
416 // "cityeats", // cityeats Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
417 "claims", // claims Black Corner, LLC
418 "cleaning", // cleaning Fox Shadow, LLC
419 "click", // click Uniregistry, Corp.
420 "clinic", // clinic Goose Park, LLC
421 "clinique", // clinique The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.
422 "clothing", // clothing Steel Lake, LLC
423 "cloud", // cloud ARUBA S.p.A.
424 "club", // club .CLUB DOMAINS, LLC
425 "clubmed", // clubmed Club Méditerranée S.A.
426 "coach", // coach Koko Island, LLC
427 "codes", // codes Puff Willow, LLC
428 "coffee", // coffee Trixy Cover, LLC
429 "college", // college XYZ.COM LLC
430 "cologne", // cologne NetCologne Gesellschaft für Telekommunikation mbH
431 "com", // com VeriSign Global Registry Services
432 // "comcast", // comcast Comcast IP Holdings I, LLC
433 "commbank", // commbank COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA
434 "community", // community Fox Orchard, LLC
435 "company", // company Silver Avenue, LLC
436 "compare", // compare iSelect Ltd
437 "computer", // computer Pine Mill, LLC
438 "comsec", // comsec VeriSign, Inc.
439 "condos", // condos Pine House, LLC
440 "construction", // construction Fox Dynamite, LLC
441 "consulting", // consulting United TLD Holdco, LTD.
442 "contact", // contact Top Level Spectrum, Inc.
443 "contractors", // contractors Magic Woods, LLC
444 "cooking", // cooking Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
445 // "cookingchannel", // cookingchannel Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
446 "cool", // cool Koko Lake, LLC
447 "coop", // coop DotCooperation LLC
448 "corsica", // corsica Collectivité Territoriale de Corse
449 "country", // country Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
450 "coupon", // coupon Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
451 "coupons", // coupons Black Island, LLC
452 "courses", // courses OPEN UNIVERSITIES AUSTRALIA PTY LTD
453 "cpa", // cpa American Institute of Certified Public Accountants
454 "credit", // credit Snow Shadow, LLC
455 "creditcard", // creditcard Binky Frostbite, LLC
456 "creditunion", // creditunion CUNA Performance Resources, LLC
457 "cricket", // cricket dot Cricket Limited
458 "crown", // crown Crown Equipment Corporation
459 "crs", // crs Federated Co-operatives Limited
460 "cruise", // cruise Viking River Cruises (Bermuda) Ltd.
461 "cruises", // cruises Spring Way, LLC
462 // "csc", // csc Alliance-One Services, Inc.
463 "cuisinella", // cuisinella SALM S.A.S.
464 "cymru", // cymru Nominet UK
465 "cyou", // cyou Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd.
466 // "dabur", // dabur Dabur India Limited
467 "dad", // dad Charleston Road Registry Inc.
468 "dance", // dance United TLD Holdco Ltd.
469 "data", // data Dish DBS Corporation
470 "date", // date dot Date Limited
471 "dating", // dating Pine Fest, LLC
472 "datsun", // datsun NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD.
473 "day", // day Charleston Road Registry Inc.
474 "dclk", // dclk Charleston Road Registry Inc.
475 "dds", // dds Minds + Machines Group Limited
476 "deal", // deal Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
477 "dealer", // dealer Dealer Dot Com, Inc.
478 "deals", // deals Sand Sunset, LLC
479 "degree", // degree United TLD Holdco, Ltd
480 "delivery", // delivery Steel Station, LLC
481 "dell", // dell Dell Inc.
482 "deloitte", // deloitte Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu
483 "delta", // delta Delta Air Lines, Inc.
484 "democrat", // democrat United TLD Holdco Ltd.
485 "dental", // dental Tin Birch, LLC
486 "dentist", // dentist United TLD Holdco, Ltd
487 "desi", // desi Desi Networks LLC
488 "design", // design Top Level Design, LLC
489 "dev", // dev Charleston Road Registry Inc.
490 "dhl", // dhl Deutsche Post AG
491 "diamonds", // diamonds John Edge, LLC
492 "diet", // diet Uniregistry, Corp.
493 "digital", // digital Dash Park, LLC
494 "direct", // direct Half Trail, LLC
495 "directory", // directory Extra Madison, LLC
496 "discount", // discount Holly Hill, LLC
497 "discover", // discover Discover Financial Services
498 "dish", // dish Dish DBS Corporation
499 "diy", // diy Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
500 "dnp", // dnp Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd.
501 "docs", // docs Charleston Road Registry Inc.
502 "doctor", // doctor Brice Trail, LLC
503 // "dodge", // dodge FCA US LLC.
504 "dog", // dog Koko Mill, LLC
505 // "doha", // doha Communications Regulatory Authority (CRA)
506 "domains", // domains Sugar Cross, LLC
507 // "doosan", // doosan Doosan Corporation (retired)
508 "dot", // dot Dish DBS Corporation
509 "download", // download dot Support Limited
510 "drive", // drive Charleston Road Registry Inc.
511 "dtv", // dtv Dish DBS Corporation
512 "dubai", // dubai Dubai Smart Government Department
513 // "duck", // duck Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
514 // [VALIDATOR-503] Revocation Report for .dunlop: https://www.iana.org/reports/tld-transfer/20251021-dunlop
515 // "dunlop", // dunlop The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company
516 // "duns", // duns The Dun & Bradstreet Corporation
517 "dupont", // dupont E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company
518 "durban", // durban ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry
519 "dvag", // dvag Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG
520 "dvr", // dvr Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation
521 "earth", // earth Interlink Co., Ltd.
522 "eat", // eat Charleston Road Registry Inc.
523 "eco", // eco Big Room Inc.
524 "edeka", // edeka EDEKA Verband kaufmännischer Genossenschaften e.V.
525 "edu", // edu EDUCAUSE
526 "education", // education Brice Way, LLC
527 "email", // email Spring Madison, LLC
528 "emerck", // emerck Merck KGaA
529 "energy", // energy Binky Birch, LLC
530 "engineer", // engineer United TLD Holdco Ltd.
531 "engineering", // engineering Romeo Canyon
532 "enterprises", // enterprises Snow Oaks, LLC
533 // "epost", // epost Deutsche Post AG
534 "epson", // epson Seiko Epson Corporation
535 "equipment", // equipment Corn Station, LLC
536 "ericsson", // ericsson Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson
537 "erni", // erni ERNI Group Holding AG
538 "esq", // esq Charleston Road Registry Inc.
539 "estate", // estate Trixy Park, LLC
540 // "esurance", // esurance Esurance Insurance Company (not assigned as at Version 2020062100)
541 // "etisalat", // etisalat Emirates Telecommunic
542 "eurovision", // eurovision European Broadcasting Union (EBU)
543 "eus", // eus Puntueus Fundazioa
544 "events", // events Pioneer Maple, LLC
545 // "everbank", // everbank EverBank
546 "exchange", // exchange Spring Falls, LLC
547 "expert", // expert Magic Pass, LLC
548 "exposed", // exposed Victor Beach, LLC
549 "express", // express Sea Sunset, LLC
550 "extraspace", // extraspace Extra Space Storage LLC
551 "fage", // fage Fage International S.A.
552 "fail", // fail Atomic Pipe, LLC
553 "fairwinds", // fairwinds FairWinds Partners, LLC
554 "faith", // faith dot Faith Limited
555 "family", // family United TLD Holdco Ltd.
556 "fan", // fan Asiamix Digital Ltd
557 "fans", // fans Asiamix Digital Limited
558 "farm", // farm Just Maple, LLC
559 "farmers", // farmers Farmers Insurance Exchange
560 "fashion", // fashion Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
561 "fast", // fast Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
562 "fedex", // fedex Federal Express Corporation
563 "feedback", // feedback Top Level Spectrum, Inc.
564 "ferrari", // ferrari Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
565 "ferrero", // ferrero Ferrero Trading Lux S.A.
566 // "fiat", // fiat Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
567 "fidelity", // fidelity Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC
568 "fido", // fido Rogers Communications Canada Inc.
569 "film", // film Motion Picture Domain Registry Pty Ltd
570 "final", // final Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br
571 "finance", // finance Cotton Cypress, LLC
572 "financial", // financial Just Cover, LLC
573 "fire", // fire Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
574 "firestone", // firestone Bridgestone Corporation
575 "firmdale", // firmdale Firmdale Holdings Limited
576 "fish", // fish Fox Woods, LLC
577 "fishing", // fishing Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
578 "fit", // fit Minds + Machines Group Limited
579 "fitness", // fitness Brice Orchard, LLC
580 "flickr", // flickr Yahoo! Domain Services Inc.
581 "flights", // flights Fox Station, LLC
582 "flir", // flir FLIR Systems, Inc.
583 "florist", // florist Half Cypress, LLC
584 "flowers", // flowers Uniregistry, Corp.
585 // "flsmidth", // flsmidth FLSmidth A/S retired 2016-07-22
586 "fly", // fly Charleston Road Registry Inc.
587 "foo", // foo Charleston Road Registry Inc.
588 "food", // food Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
589 // "foodnetwork", // foodnetwork Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
590 "football", // football Foggy Farms, LLC
591 "ford", // ford Ford Motor Company
592 "forex", // forex DOTFOREX REGISTRY LTD
593 "forsale", // forsale United TLD Holdco, LLC
594 "forum", // forum Fegistry, LLC
595 "foundation", // foundation John Dale, LLC
596 "fox", // fox FOX Registry, LLC
597 "free", // free Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
598 "fresenius", // fresenius Fresenius Immobilien-Verwaltungs-GmbH
599 "frl", // frl FRLregistry B.V.
600 "frogans", // frogans OP3FT
601 // "frontdoor", // frontdoor Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
602 "frontier", // frontier Frontier Communications Corporation
603 "ftr", // ftr Frontier Communications Corporation
604 "fujitsu", // fujitsu Fujitsu Limited
605 // "fujixerox", // fujixerox Xerox DNHC LLC
606 "fun", // fun DotSpace, Inc.
607 "fund", // fund John Castle, LLC
608 "furniture", // furniture Lone Fields, LLC
609 "futbol", // futbol United TLD Holdco, Ltd.
610 "fyi", // fyi Silver Tigers, LLC
611 "gal", // gal Asociación puntoGAL
612 "gallery", // gallery Sugar House, LLC
613 "gallo", // gallo Gallo Vineyards, Inc.
614 "gallup", // gallup Gallup, Inc.
615 "game", // game Uniregistry, Corp.
616 "games", // games United TLD Holdco Ltd.
617 "gap", // gap The Gap, Inc.
618 "garden", // garden Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
619 "gay", // gay Top Level Design, LLC
620 "gbiz", // gbiz Charleston Road Registry Inc.
621 "gdn", // gdn Joint Stock Company "Navigation-information systems"
622 "gea", // gea GEA Group Aktiengesellschaft
623 "gent", // gent COMBELL GROUP NV/SA
624 "genting", // genting Resorts World Inc. Pte. Ltd.
625 "george", // george Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
626 "ggee", // ggee GMO Internet, Inc.
627 "gift", // gift Uniregistry, Corp.
628 "gifts", // gifts Goose Sky, LLC
629 "gives", // gives United TLD Holdco Ltd.
630 "giving", // giving Giving Limited
631 // "glade", // glade Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
632 "glass", // glass Black Cover, LLC
633 "gle", // gle Charleston Road Registry Inc.
634 "global", // global Dot Global Domain Registry Limited
635 "globo", // globo Globo Comunicação e Participações S.A
636 "gmail", // gmail Charleston Road Registry Inc.
637 "gmbh", // gmbh Extra Dynamite, LLC
638 "gmo", // gmo GMO Internet, Inc.
639 "gmx", // gmx 1&1 Mail & Media GmbH
640 "godaddy", // godaddy Go Daddy East, LLC
641 "gold", // gold June Edge, LLC
642 "goldpoint", // goldpoint YODOBASHI CAMERA CO.,LTD.
643 "golf", // golf Lone Falls, LLC
644 "goo", // goo NTT Resonant Inc.
645 // "goodhands", // goodhands Allstate Fire and Casualty Insurance Company
646 "goodyear", // goodyear The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company
647 "goog", // goog Charleston Road Registry Inc.
648 "google", // google Charleston Road Registry Inc.
649 "gop", // gop Republican State Leadership Committee, Inc.
650 "got", // got Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
651 "gov", // gov General Services Administration Attn: QTDC, 2E08 (.gov Domain Registration)
652 "grainger", // grainger Grainger Registry Services, LLC
653 "graphics", // graphics Over Madison, LLC
654 "gratis", // gratis Pioneer Tigers, LLC
655 "green", // green Afilias Limited
656 "gripe", // gripe Corn Sunset, LLC
657 "grocery", // grocery Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
658 "group", // group Romeo Town, LLC
659 // "guardian", // guardian The Guardian Life Insurance Company of America
660 "gucci", // gucci Guccio Gucci S.p.a.
661 "guge", // guge Charleston Road Registry Inc.
662 "guide", // guide Snow Moon, LLC
663 "guitars", // guitars Uniregistry, Corp.
664 "guru", // guru Pioneer Cypress, LLC
665 "hair", // hair L'Oreal
666 "hamburg", // hamburg Hamburg Top-Level-Domain GmbH
667 "hangout", // hangout Charleston Road Registry Inc.
668 "haus", // haus United TLD Holdco, LTD.
669 "hbo", // hbo HBO Registry Services, Inc.
670 "hdfc", // hdfc HOUSING DEVELOPMENT FINANCE CORPORATION LIMITED
671 "hdfcbank", // hdfcbank HDFC Bank Limited
672 "health", // health DotHealth, LLC
673 "healthcare", // healthcare Silver Glen, LLC
674 "help", // help Uniregistry, Corp.
675 "helsinki", // helsinki City of Helsinki
676 "here", // here Charleston Road Registry Inc.
677 "hermes", // hermes Hermes International
678 // "hgtv", // hgtv Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
679 "hiphop", // hiphop Uniregistry, Corp.
680 "hisamitsu", // hisamitsu Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical Co.,Inc.
681 "hitachi", // hitachi Hitachi, Ltd.
682 "hiv", // hiv dotHIV gemeinnuetziger e.V.
683 "hkt", // hkt PCCW-HKT DataCom Services Limited
684 "hockey", // hockey Half Willow, LLC
685 "holdings", // holdings John Madison, LLC
686 "holiday", // holiday Goose Woods, LLC
687 "homedepot", // homedepot Homer TLC, Inc.
688 "homegoods", // homegoods The TJX Companies, Inc.
689 "homes", // homes DERHomes, LLC
690 "homesense", // homesense The TJX Companies, Inc.
691 "honda", // honda Honda Motor Co., Ltd.
692 // "honeywell", // honeywell Honeywell GTLD LLC
693 "horse", // horse Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
694 "hospital", // hospital Ruby Pike, LLC
695 "host", // host DotHost Inc.
696 "hosting", // hosting Uniregistry, Corp.
697 "hot", // hot Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
698 // "hoteles", // hoteles Travel Reservations SRL
699 "hotels", // hotels Booking.com B.V.
700 "hotmail", // hotmail Microsoft Corporation
701 "house", // house Sugar Park, LLC
702 "how", // how Charleston Road Registry Inc.
703 "hsbc", // hsbc HSBC Holdings PLC
704 // "htc", // htc HTC corporation (Not assigned)
705 "hughes", // hughes Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation
706 "hyatt", // hyatt Hyatt GTLD, L.L.C.
707 "hyundai", // hyundai Hyundai Motor Company
708 "ibm", // ibm International Business Machines Corporation
709 "icbc", // icbc Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited
710 "ice", // ice IntercontinentalExchange, Inc.
711 "icu", // icu One.com A/S
712 "ieee", // ieee IEEE Global LLC
713 "ifm", // ifm ifm electronic gmbh
714 // "iinet", // iinet Connect West Pty. Ltd. (Retired)
715 "ikano", // ikano Ikano S.A.
716 "imamat", // imamat Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation)
717 "imdb", // imdb Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
718 "immo", // immo Auburn Bloom, LLC
719 "immobilien", // immobilien United TLD Holdco Ltd.
720 "inc", // inc Intercap Holdings Inc.
721 "industries", // industries Outer House, LLC
722 "infiniti", // infiniti NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD.
723 "info", // info Afilias Limited
724 "ing", // ing Charleston Road Registry Inc.
725 "ink", // ink Top Level Design, LLC
726 "institute", // institute Outer Maple, LLC
727 "insurance", // insurance fTLD Registry Services LLC
728 "insure", // insure Pioneer Willow, LLC
729 "int", // int Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
730 // "intel", // intel Intel Corporation
731 "international", // international Wild Way, LLC
732 "intuit", // intuit Intuit Administrative Services, Inc.
733 "investments", // investments Holly Glen, LLC
734 "ipiranga", // ipiranga Ipiranga Produtos de Petroleo S.A.
735 "irish", // irish Dot-Irish LLC
736 // "iselect", // iselect iSelect Ltd
737 "ismaili", // ismaili Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation)
738 "ist", // ist Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality
739 "istanbul", // istanbul Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality / Medya A.S.
740 "itau", // itau Itau Unibanco Holding S.A.
741 "itv", // itv ITV Services Limited
742 // "iveco", // iveco CNH Industrial N.V.
743 // "iwc", // iwc Richemont DNS Inc.
744 "jaguar", // jaguar Jaguar Land Rover Ltd
745 "java", // java Oracle Corporation
746 "jcb", // jcb JCB Co., Ltd.
747 // "jcp", // jcp JCP Media, Inc.
748 "jeep", // jeep FCA US LLC.
749 "jetzt", // jetzt New TLD Company AB
750 "jewelry", // jewelry Wild Bloom, LLC
751 "jio", // jio Affinity Names, Inc.
752 // "jlc", // jlc Richemont DNS Inc.
753 "jll", // jll Jones Lang LaSalle Incorporated
754 "jmp", // jmp Matrix IP LLC
755 "jnj", // jnj Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc.
756 "jobs", // jobs Employ Media LLC
757 "joburg", // joburg ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry
758 "jot", // jot Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
759 "joy", // joy Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
760 "jpmorgan", // jpmorgan JPMorgan Chase & Co.
761 "jprs", // jprs Japan Registry Services Co., Ltd.
762 "juegos", // juegos Uniregistry, Corp.
763 "juniper", // juniper JUNIPER NETWORKS, INC.
764 "kaufen", // kaufen United TLD Holdco Ltd.
765 "kddi", // kddi KDDI CORPORATION
766 "kerryhotels", // kerryhotels Kerry Trading Co. Limited
767 // [VALIDATOR-504] DomainValidator ICAAN .kerrylogistics Registry Agreement - Terminated: https://www.icann.org/en/registry-agreements/terminated/kerrylogistics
768 // "kerrylogistics", // kerrylogistics Kerry Trading Co. Limited
769 "kerryproperties", // kerryproperties Kerry Trading Co. Limited
770 "kfh", // kfh Kuwait Finance House
771 "kia", // kia KIA MOTORS CORPORATION
772 "kids", // kids DotKids Foundation Limited
773 "kim", // kim Afilias Limited
774 // "kinder", // kinder Ferrero Trading Lux S.A.
775 "kindle", // kindle Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
776 "kitchen", // kitchen Just Goodbye, LLC
777 "kiwi", // kiwi DOT KIWI LIMITED
778 "koeln", // koeln NetCologne Gesellschaft für Telekommunikation mbH
779 "komatsu", // komatsu Komatsu Ltd.
780 "kosher", // kosher Kosher Marketing Assets LLC
781 "kpmg", // kpmg KPMG International Cooperative (KPMG International Genossenschaft)
782 "kpn", // kpn Koninklijke KPN N.V.
783 "krd", // krd KRG Department of Information Technology
784 "kred", // kred KredTLD Pty Ltd
785 "kuokgroup", // kuokgroup Kerry Trading Co. Limited
786 "kyoto", // kyoto Academic Institution: Kyoto Jyoho Gakuen
787 "lacaixa", // lacaixa CAIXA D'ESTALVIS I PENSIONS DE BARCELONA
788 // "ladbrokes", // ladbrokes LADBROKES INTERNATIONAL PLC
789 "lamborghini", // lamborghini Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A.
790 "lamer", // lamer The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.
791 // [VALIDATOR-505] DomainValidator ICAAN .lancaster Registry Agreement - Terminated: https://www.icann.org/en/registry-agreements/terminated/lancaster
792 // "lancaster", // lancaster LANCASTER
793 // "lancia", // lancia Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
794 // "lancome", // lancome L'Oréal
795 "land", // land Pine Moon, LLC
796 "landrover", // landrover Jaguar Land Rover Ltd
797 "lanxess", // lanxess LANXESS Corporation
798 "lasalle", // lasalle Jones Lang LaSalle Incorporated
799 "lat", // lat ECOM-LAC Federación de Latinoamérica y el Caribe para Internet y el Comercio Electrónico
800 "latino", // latino Dish DBS Corporation
801 "latrobe", // latrobe La Trobe University
802 "law", // law Minds + Machines Group Limited
803 "lawyer", // lawyer United TLD Holdco, Ltd
804 "lds", // lds IRI Domain Management, LLC
805 "lease", // lease Victor Trail, LLC
806 "leclerc", // leclerc A.C.D. LEC Association des Centres Distributeurs Edouard Leclerc
807 "lefrak", // lefrak LeFrak Organization, Inc.
808 "legal", // legal Blue Falls, LLC
809 "lego", // lego LEGO Juris A/S
810 "lexus", // lexus TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION
811 "lgbt", // lgbt Afilias Limited
812 // "liaison", // liaison Liaison Technologies, Incorporated
813 "lidl", // lidl Schwarz Domains und Services GmbH & Co. KG
814 "life", // life Trixy Oaks, LLC
815 "lifeinsurance", // lifeinsurance American Council of Life Insurers
816 "lifestyle", // lifestyle Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
817 "lighting", // lighting John McCook, LLC
818 "like", // like Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
819 "lilly", // lilly Eli Lilly and Company
820 "limited", // limited Big Fest, LLC
821 "limo", // limo Hidden Frostbite, LLC
822 "lincoln", // lincoln Ford Motor Company
823 // "linde", // linde Linde Aktiengesellschaft
824 "link", // link Uniregistry, Corp.
825 // [VALIDATOR-506] DomainValidator ICAAN Revocation for .lipsy: https://www.iana.org/reports/tld-transfer/20250227-lipsy
826 // "lipsy", // lipsy Lipsy Ltd
827 "live", // live United TLD Holdco Ltd.
828 "living", // living Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
829 // "lixil", // lixil LIXIL Group Corporation
830 "llc", // llc Afilias plc
831 "llp", // llp Dot Registry LLC
832 "loan", // loan dot Loan Limited
833 "loans", // loans June Woods, LLC
834 "locker", // locker Dish DBS Corporation
835 "locus", // locus Locus Analytics LLC
836 // "loft", // loft Annco, Inc.
837 "lol", // lol Uniregistry, Corp.
838 "london", // london Dot London Domains Limited
839 "lotte", // lotte Lotte Holdings Co., Ltd.
840 "lotto", // lotto Afilias Limited
841 "love", // love Merchant Law Group LLP
842 "lpl", // lpl LPL Holdings, Inc.
843 "lplfinancial", // lplfinancial LPL Holdings, Inc.
844 "ltd", // ltd Over Corner, LLC
845 "ltda", // ltda InterNetX Corp.
846 "lundbeck", // lundbeck H. Lundbeck A/S
847 // "lupin", // lupin LUPIN LIMITED
848 "luxe", // luxe Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
849 "luxury", // luxury Luxury Partners LLC
850 // "macys", // macys Macys, Inc.
851 "madrid", // madrid Comunidad de Madrid
852 "maif", // maif Mutuelle Assurance Instituteur France (MAIF)
853 "maison", // maison Victor Frostbite, LLC
854 "makeup", // makeup L'Oréal
855 "man", // man MAN SE
856 "management", // management John Goodbye, LLC
857 "mango", // mango PUNTO FA S.L.
858 "map", // map Charleston Road Registry Inc.
859 "market", // market Unitied TLD Holdco, Ltd
860 "marketing", // marketing Fern Pass, LLC
861 "markets", // markets DOTMARKETS REGISTRY LTD
862 "marriott", // marriott Marriott Worldwide Corporation
863 "marshalls", // marshalls The TJX Companies, Inc.
864 // "maserati", // maserati Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
865 "mattel", // mattel Mattel Sites, Inc.
866 "mba", // mba Lone Hollow, LLC
867 // "mcd", // mcd McDonald’s Corporation (Not assigned)
868 // "mcdonalds", // mcdonalds McDonald’s Corporation (Not assigned)
869 "mckinsey", // mckinsey McKinsey Holdings, Inc.
870 "med", // med Medistry LLC
871 "media", // media Grand Glen, LLC
872 "meet", // meet Afilias Limited
873 "melbourne", // melbourne The Crown in right of the State of Victoria, represented by its Department of State Development, Business and Innovation
874 "meme", // meme Charleston Road Registry Inc.
875 "memorial", // memorial Dog Beach, LLC
876 "men", // men Exclusive Registry Limited
877 "menu", // menu Wedding TLD2, LLC
878 // "meo", // meo PT Comunicacoes S.A.
879 "merckmsd", // merckmsd MSD Registry Holdings, Inc.
880 // "metlife", // metlife MetLife Services and Solutions, LLC
881 "miami", // miami Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
882 "microsoft", // microsoft Microsoft Corporation
883 "mil", // mil DoD Network Information Center
884 "mini", // mini Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft
885 "mint", // mint Intuit Administrative Services, Inc.
886 "mit", // mit Massachusetts Institute of Technology
887 "mitsubishi", // mitsubishi Mitsubishi Corporation
888 "mlb", // mlb MLB Advanced Media DH, LLC
889 "mls", // mls The Canadian Real Estate Association
890 "mma", // mma MMA IARD
891 "mobi", // mobi Afilias Technologies Limited dba dotMobi
892 "mobile", // mobile Dish DBS Corporation
893 // "mobily", // mobily GreenTech Consultancy Company W.L.L.
894 "moda", // moda United TLD Holdco Ltd.
895 "moe", // moe Interlink Co., Ltd.
896 "moi", // moi Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
897 "mom", // mom Uniregistry, Corp.
898 "monash", // monash Monash University
899 "money", // money Outer McCook, LLC
900 "monster", // monster Monster Worldwide, Inc.
901 // "montblanc", // montblanc Richemont DNS Inc. (Not assigned)
902 // "mopar", // mopar FCA US LLC.
903 "mormon", // mormon IRI Domain Management, LLC ("Applicant")
904 "mortgage", // mortgage United TLD Holdco, Ltd
905 "moscow", // moscow Foundation for Assistance for Internet Technologies and Infrastructure Development (FAITID)
906 "moto", // moto Motorola Trademark Holdings, LLC
907 "motorcycles", // motorcycles DERMotorcycles, LLC
908 "mov", // mov Charleston Road Registry Inc.
909 "movie", // movie New Frostbite, LLC
910 // "movistar", // movistar Telefónica S.A.
911 "msd", // msd MSD Registry Holdings, Inc.
912 "mtn", // mtn MTN Dubai Limited
913 // "mtpc", // mtpc Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation (Retired)
914 "mtr", // mtr MTR Corporation Limited
915 "museum", // museum Museum Domain Management Association
916 "music", // music DotMusic Limited
917 // "mutual", // mutual Northwestern Mutual MU TLD Registry, LLC
918 // "mutuelle", // mutuelle Fédération Nationale de la Mutualité Française (Retired)
919 "nab", // nab National Australia Bank Limited
920 // "nadex", // nadex Nadex Domains, Inc
921 "nagoya", // nagoya GMO Registry, Inc.
922 "name", // name VeriSign Information Services, Inc.
923 // "nationwide", // nationwide Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company
924 // "natura", // natura NATURA COSMÉTICOS S.A.
925 "navy", // navy United TLD Holdco Ltd.
926 "nba", // nba NBA REGISTRY, LLC
927 "nec", // nec NEC Corporation
928 "net", // net VeriSign Global Registry Services
929 "netbank", // netbank COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA
930 "netflix", // netflix Netflix, Inc.
931 "network", // network Trixy Manor, LLC
932 "neustar", // neustar NeuStar, Inc.
933 "new", // new Charleston Road Registry Inc.
934 // "newholland", // newholland CNH Industrial N.V.
935 "news", // news United TLD Holdco Ltd.
936 "next", // next Next plc
937 "nextdirect", // nextdirect Next plc
938 "nexus", // nexus Charleston Road Registry Inc.
939 "nfl", // nfl NFL Reg Ops LLC
940 "ngo", // ngo Public Interest Registry
941 "nhk", // nhk Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK)
942 "nico", // nico DWANGO Co., Ltd.
943 "nike", // nike NIKE, Inc.
944 "nikon", // nikon NIKON CORPORATION
945 "ninja", // ninja United TLD Holdco Ltd.
946 "nissan", // nissan NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD.
947 "nissay", // nissay Nippon Life Insurance Company
948 "nokia", // nokia Nokia Corporation
949 // "northwesternmutual", // northwesternmutual Northwestern Mutual Registry, LLC
950 "norton", // norton Symantec Corporation
951 "now", // now Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
952 "nowruz", // nowruz Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
953 "nowtv", // nowtv Starbucks (HK) Limited
954 "nra", // nra NRA Holdings Company, INC.
955 "nrw", // nrw Minds + Machines GmbH
956 "ntt", // ntt NIPPON TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE CORPORATION
957 "nyc", // nyc The City of New York by and through the New York City Department of Information Technology & Telecommunications
958 "obi", // obi OBI Group Holding SE & Co. KGaA
959 "observer", // observer Top Level Spectrum, Inc.
960 // "off", // off Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
961 "office", // office Microsoft Corporation
962 "okinawa", // okinawa BusinessRalliart inc.
963 "olayan", // olayan Crescent Holding GmbH
964 "olayangroup", // olayangroup Crescent Holding GmbH
965 // "oldnavy", // oldnavy The Gap, Inc.
966 "ollo", // ollo Dish DBS Corporation
967 "omega", // omega The Swatch Group Ltd
968 "one", // one One.com A/S
969 "ong", // ong Public Interest Registry
970 "onl", // onl I-REGISTRY Ltd., Niederlassung Deutschland
971 "online", // online DotOnline Inc.
972 // "onyourside", // onyourside Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company
973 "ooo", // ooo INFIBEAM INCORPORATION LIMITED
974 "open", // open American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.
975 "oracle", // oracle Oracle Corporation
976 "orange", // orange Orange Brand Services Limited
977 "org", // org Public Interest Registry (PIR)
978 "organic", // organic Afilias Limited
979 // "orientexpress", // orientexpress Orient Express (retired 2017-04-11)
980 "origins", // origins The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.
981 "osaka", // osaka Interlink Co., Ltd.
982 "otsuka", // otsuka Otsuka Holdings Co., Ltd.
983 "ott", // ott Dish DBS Corporation
984 "ovh", // ovh OVH SAS
985 "page", // page Charleston Road Registry Inc.
986 // "pamperedchef", // pamperedchef The Pampered Chef, Ltd. (Not assigned)
987 "panasonic", // panasonic Panasonic Corporation
988 // "panerai", // panerai Richemont DNS Inc.
989 "paris", // paris City of Paris
990 "pars", // pars Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
991 "partners", // partners Magic Glen, LLC
992 "parts", // parts Sea Goodbye, LLC
993 "party", // party Blue Sky Registry Limited
994 // "passagens", // passagens Travel Reservations SRL
995 "pay", // pay Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
996 "pccw", // pccw PCCW Enterprises Limited
997 "pet", // pet Afilias plc
998 "pfizer", // pfizer Pfizer Inc.
999 "pharmacy", // pharmacy National Association of Boards of Pharmacy
1000 "phd", // phd Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1001 "philips", // philips Koninklijke Philips N.V.
1002 "phone", // phone Dish DBS Corporation
1003 "photo", // photo Uniregistry, Corp.
1004 "photography", // photography Sugar Glen, LLC
1005 "photos", // photos Sea Corner, LLC
1006 "physio", // physio PhysBiz Pty Ltd
1007 // "piaget", // piaget Richemont DNS Inc.
1008 "pics", // pics Uniregistry, Corp.
1009 "pictet", // pictet Pictet Europe S.A.
1010 "pictures", // pictures Foggy Sky, LLC
1011 "pid", // pid Top Level Spectrum, Inc.
1012 "pin", // pin Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1013 "ping", // ping Ping Registry Provider, Inc.
1014 "pink", // pink Afilias Limited
1015 "pioneer", // pioneer Pioneer Corporation
1016 "pizza", // pizza Foggy Moon, LLC
1017 "place", // place Snow Galley, LLC
1018 "play", // play Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1019 "playstation", // playstation Sony Computer Entertainment Inc.
1020 "plumbing", // plumbing Spring Tigers, LLC
1021 "plus", // plus Sugar Mill, LLC
1022 "pnc", // pnc PNC Domain Co., LLC
1023 "pohl", // pohl Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG
1024 "poker", // poker Afilias Domains No. 5 Limited
1025 "politie", // politie Politie Nederland
1026 "porn", // porn ICM Registry PN LLC
1027 "post", // post Universal Postal Union
1028 // [VALIDATOR-507] DomainValidator ICAAN Revocation for .pramerica" https://www.iana.org/reports/tld-transfer/20250516-pramerica
1029 // "pramerica", // pramerica Prudential Financial, Inc.
1030 "praxi", // praxi Praxi S.p.A.
1031 "press", // press DotPress Inc.
1032 "prime", // prime Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1033 "pro", // pro Registry Services Corporation dba RegistryPro
1034 "prod", // prod Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1035 "productions", // productions Magic Birch, LLC
1036 "prof", // prof Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1037 "progressive", // progressive Progressive Casualty Insurance Company
1038 "promo", // promo Afilias plc
1039 "properties", // properties Big Pass, LLC
1040 "property", // property Uniregistry, Corp.
1041 "protection", // protection XYZ.COM LLC
1042 "pru", // pru Prudential Financial, Inc.
1043 "prudential", // prudential Prudential Financial, Inc.
1044 "pub", // pub United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1045 "pwc", // pwc PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
1046 "qpon", // qpon dotCOOL, Inc.
1047 "quebec", // quebec PointQuébec Inc
1048 "quest", // quest Quest ION Limited
1049 // "qvc", // qvc QVC, Inc.
1050 "racing", // racing Premier Registry Limited
1051 "radio", // radio European Broadcasting Union (EBU)
1052 // "raid", // raid Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
1053 "read", // read Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1054 "realestate", // realestate dotRealEstate LLC
1055 "realtor", // realtor Real Estate Domains LLC
1056 "realty", // realty Fegistry, LLC
1057 "recipes", // recipes Grand Island, LLC
1058 "red", // red Afilias Limited
1059 // [VALIDATOR-508] DomainValidator ICAAN Revocation for .redstone: https://www.iana.org/reports/tld-transfer/20250826-redstone
1060 // "redstone", // redstone Redstone Haute Couture Co., Ltd.
1061 "redumbrella", // redumbrella Travelers TLD, LLC
1062 "rehab", // rehab United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1063 "reise", // reise Foggy Way, LLC
1064 "reisen", // reisen New Cypress, LLC
1065 "reit", // reit National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, Inc.
1066 "reliance", // reliance Reliance Industries Limited
1067 "ren", // ren Beijing Qianxiang Wangjing Technology Development Co., Ltd.
1068 "rent", // rent XYZ.COM LLC
1069 "rentals", // rentals Big Hollow,LLC
1070 "repair", // repair Lone Sunset, LLC
1071 "report", // report Binky Glen, LLC
1072 "republican", // republican United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1073 "rest", // rest Punto 2012 Sociedad Anonima Promotora de Inversion de Capital Variable
1074 "restaurant", // restaurant Snow Avenue, LLC
1075 "review", // review dot Review Limited
1076 "reviews", // reviews United TLD Holdco, Ltd.
1077 "rexroth", // rexroth Robert Bosch GMBH
1078 "rich", // rich I-REGISTRY Ltd., Niederlassung Deutschland
1079 "richardli", // richardli Pacific Century Asset Management (HK) Limited
1080 "ricoh", // ricoh Ricoh Company, Ltd.
1081 // "rightathome", // rightathome Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. (retired 2020-07-31)
1082 "ril", // ril Reliance Industries Limited
1083 "rio", // rio Empresa Municipal de Informática SA - IPLANRIO
1084 "rip", // rip United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1085 // "rmit", // rmit Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology
1086 // "rocher", // rocher Ferrero Trading Lux S.A.
1087 "rocks", // rocks United TLD Holdco, LTD.
1088 "rodeo", // rodeo Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1089 "rogers", // rogers Rogers Communications Canada Inc.
1090 "room", // room Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1091 "rsvp", // rsvp Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1092 "rugby", // rugby World Rugby Strategic Developments Limited
1093 "ruhr", // ruhr regiodot GmbH & Co. KG
1094 "run", // run Snow Park, LLC
1095 "rwe", // rwe RWE AG
1096 "ryukyu", // ryukyu BusinessRalliart inc.
1097 "saarland", // saarland dotSaarland GmbH
1098 "safe", // safe Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1099 "safety", // safety Safety Registry Services, LLC.
1100 "sakura", // sakura SAKURA Internet Inc.
1101 "sale", // sale United TLD Holdco, Ltd
1102 "salon", // salon Outer Orchard, LLC
1103 "samsclub", // samsclub Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
1104 "samsung", // samsung SAMSUNG SDS CO., LTD
1105 "sandvik", // sandvik Sandvik AB
1106 "sandvikcoromant", // sandvikcoromant Sandvik AB
1107 "sanofi", // sanofi Sanofi
1108 "sap", // sap SAP AG
1109 // "sapo", // sapo PT Comunicacoes S.A.
1110 "sarl", // sarl Delta Orchard, LLC
1111 "sas", // sas Research IP LLC
1112 "save", // save Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1113 "saxo", // saxo Saxo Bank A/S
1114 "sbi", // sbi STATE BANK OF INDIA
1115 "sbs", // sbs SPECIAL BROADCASTING SERVICE CORPORATION
1116 // "sca", // sca SVENSKA CELLULOSA AKTIEBOLAGET SCA (publ)
1117 "scb", // scb The Siam Commercial Bank Public Company Limited ("SCB")
1118 "schaeffler", // schaeffler Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG
1119 "schmidt", // schmidt SALM S.A.S.
1120 "scholarships", // scholarships Scholarships.com, LLC
1121 "school", // school Little Galley, LLC
1122 "schule", // schule Outer Moon, LLC
1123 "schwarz", // schwarz Schwarz Domains und Services GmbH & Co. KG
1124 "science", // science dot Science Limited
1125 // "scjohnson", // scjohnson Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
1126 // "scor", // scor SCOR SE (not assigned as at Version 2020062100)
1127 "scot", // scot Dot Scot Registry Limited
1128 "search", // search Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1129 "seat", // seat SEAT, S.A. (Sociedad Unipersonal)
1130 "secure", // secure Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1131 "security", // security XYZ.COM LLC
1132 "seek", // seek Seek Limited
1133 "select", // select iSelect Ltd
1134 "sener", // sener Sener Ingeniería y Sistemas, S.A.
1135 "services", // services Fox Castle, LLC
1136 // "ses", // ses SES
1137 "seven", // seven Seven West Media Ltd
1138 "sew", // sew SEW-EURODRIVE GmbH & Co KG
1139 "sex", // sex ICM Registry SX LLC
1140 "sexy", // sexy Uniregistry, Corp.
1141 "sfr", // sfr Societe Francaise du Radiotelephone - SFR
1142 "shangrila", // shangrila Shangri‐La International Hotel Management Limited
1143 "sharp", // sharp Sharp Corporation
1144 // "shaw", // shaw Shaw Cablesystems G.P.
1145 "shell", // shell Shell Information Technology International Inc
1146 "shia", // shia Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
1147 "shiksha", // shiksha Afilias Limited
1148 "shoes", // shoes Binky Galley, LLC
1149 "shop", // shop GMO Registry, Inc.
1150 "shopping", // shopping Over Keep, LLC
1151 "shouji", // shouji QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.
1152 "show", // show Snow Beach, LLC
1153 // "showtime", // showtime CBS Domains Inc.
1154 // "shriram", // shriram Shriram Capital Ltd.
1155 "silk", // silk Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1156 "sina", // sina Sina Corporation
1157 "singles", // singles Fern Madison, LLC
1158 "site", // site DotSite Inc.
1159 "ski", // ski STARTING DOT LIMITED
1160 "skin", // skin L'Oréal
1161 "sky", // sky Sky International AG
1162 "skype", // skype Microsoft Corporation
1163 "sling", // sling Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation
1164 "smart", // smart Smart Communications, Inc. (SMART)
1165 "smile", // smile Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1166 "sncf", // sncf SNCF (Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Francais)
1167 "soccer", // soccer Foggy Shadow, LLC
1168 "social", // social United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1169 "softbank", // softbank SoftBank Group Corp.
1170 "software", // software United TLD Holdco, Ltd
1171 "sohu", // sohu Sohu.com Limited
1172 "solar", // solar Ruby Town, LLC
1173 "solutions", // solutions Silver Cover, LLC
1174 "song", // song Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1175 "sony", // sony Sony Corporation
1176 "soy", // soy Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1177 "spa", // spa Asia Spa and Wellness Promotion Council Limited
1178 "space", // space DotSpace Inc.
1179 // "spiegel", // spiegel SPIEGEL-Verlag Rudolf Augstein GmbH & Co. KG
1180 "sport", // sport Global Association of International Sports Federations (GAISF)
1181 "spot", // spot Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1182 // "spreadbetting", // spreadbetting DOTSPREADBETTING REGISTRY LTD
1183 "srl", // srl InterNetX Corp.
1184 // "srt", // srt FCA US LLC.
1185 "stada", // stada STADA Arzneimittel AG
1186 "staples", // staples Staples, Inc.
1187 "star", // star Star India Private Limited
1188 // "starhub", // starhub StarHub Limited
1189 "statebank", // statebank STATE BANK OF INDIA
1190 "statefarm", // statefarm State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company
1191 // "statoil", // statoil Statoil ASA
1192 "stc", // stc Saudi Telecom Company
1193 "stcgroup", // stcgroup Saudi Telecom Company
1194 "stockholm", // stockholm Stockholms kommun
1195 "storage", // storage Self Storage Company LLC
1196 "store", // store DotStore Inc.
1197 "stream", // stream dot Stream Limited
1198 "studio", // studio United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1199 "study", // study OPEN UNIVERSITIES AUSTRALIA PTY LTD
1200 "style", // style Binky Moon, LLC
1201 "sucks", // sucks Vox Populi Registry Ltd.
1202 "supplies", // supplies Atomic Fields, LLC
1203 "supply", // supply Half Falls, LLC
1204 "support", // support Grand Orchard, LLC
1205 "surf", // surf Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1206 "surgery", // surgery Tin Avenue, LLC
1207 "suzuki", // suzuki SUZUKI MOTOR CORPORATION
1208 "swatch", // swatch The Swatch Group Ltd
1209 // "swiftcover", // swiftcover Swiftcover Insurance Services Limited
1210 "swiss", // swiss Swiss Confederation
1211 "sydney", // sydney State of New South Wales, Department of Premier and Cabinet
1212 // "symantec", // symantec Symantec Corporation [Not assigned as of Jul 25]
1213 "systems", // systems Dash Cypress, LLC
1214 "tab", // tab Tabcorp Holdings Limited
1215 "taipei", // taipei Taipei City Government
1216 "talk", // talk Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1217 "taobao", // taobao Alibaba Group Holding Limited
1218 "target", // target Target Domain Holdings, LLC
1219 "tatamotors", // tatamotors Tata Motors Ltd
1220 "tatar", // tatar LLC "Coordination Center of Regional Domain of Tatarstan Republic"
1221 "tattoo", // tattoo Uniregistry, Corp.
1222 "tax", // tax Storm Orchard, LLC
1223 "taxi", // taxi Pine Falls, LLC
1224 "tci", // tci Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
1225 "tdk", // tdk TDK Corporation
1226 "team", // team Atomic Lake, LLC
1227 "tech", // tech Dot Tech LLC
1228 "technology", // technology Auburn Falls, LLC
1229 "tel", // tel Telnic Ltd.
1230 // "telecity", // telecity TelecityGroup International Limited
1231 // "telefonica", // telefonica Telefónica S.A.
1232 "temasek", // temasek Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited
1233 "tennis", // tennis Cotton Bloom, LLC
1234 "teva", // teva Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited
1235 "thd", // thd Homer TLC, Inc.
1236 "theater", // theater Blue Tigers, LLC
1237 "theatre", // theatre XYZ.COM LLC
1238 "tiaa", // tiaa Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America
1239 "tickets", // tickets Accent Media Limited
1240 "tienda", // tienda Victor Manor, LLC
1241 // "tiffany", // tiffany Tiffany and Company
1242 "tips", // tips Corn Willow, LLC
1243 "tires", // tires Dog Edge, LLC
1244 "tirol", // tirol punkt Tirol GmbH
1245 "tjmaxx", // tjmaxx The TJX Companies, Inc.
1246 "tjx", // tjx The TJX Companies, Inc.
1247 "tkmaxx", // tkmaxx The TJX Companies, Inc.
1248 "tmall", // tmall Alibaba Group Holding Limited
1249 "today", // today Pearl Woods, LLC
1250 "tokyo", // tokyo GMO Registry, Inc.
1251 "tools", // tools Pioneer North, LLC
1252 "top", // top Jiangsu Bangning Science & Technology Co.,Ltd.
1253 "toray", // toray Toray Industries, Inc.
1254 "toshiba", // toshiba TOSHIBA Corporation
1255 "total", // total Total SA
1256 "tours", // tours Sugar Station, LLC
1257 "town", // town Koko Moon, LLC
1258 "toyota", // toyota TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION
1259 "toys", // toys Pioneer Orchard, LLC
1260 "trade", // trade Elite Registry Limited
1261 "trading", // trading DOTTRADING REGISTRY LTD
1262 "training", // training Wild Willow, LLC
1263 "travel", // travel Tralliance Registry Management Company, LLC.
1264 // "travelchannel", // travelchannel Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
1265 "travelers", // travelers Travelers TLD, LLC
1266 "travelersinsurance", // travelersinsurance Travelers TLD, LLC
1267 "trust", // trust Artemis Internet Inc
1268 "trv", // trv Travelers TLD, LLC
1269 "tube", // tube Latin American Telecom LLC
1270 "tui", // tui TUI AG
1271 "tunes", // tunes Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1272 "tushu", // tushu Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1273 "tvs", // tvs T V SUNDRAM IYENGAR & SONS PRIVATE LIMITED
1274 "ubank", // ubank National Australia Bank Limited
1275 "ubs", // ubs UBS AG
1276 // "uconnect", // uconnect FCA US LLC.
1277 "unicom", // unicom China United Network Communications Corporation Limited
1278 "university", // university Little Station, LLC
1279 "uno", // uno Dot Latin LLC
1280 "uol", // uol UBN INTERNET LTDA.
1281 "ups", // ups UPS Market Driver, Inc.
1282 "vacations", // vacations Atomic Tigers, LLC
1283 "vana", // vana Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
1284 "vanguard", // vanguard The Vanguard Group, Inc.
1285 "vegas", // vegas Dot Vegas, Inc.
1286 "ventures", // ventures Binky Lake, LLC
1287 "verisign", // verisign VeriSign, Inc.
1288 "versicherung", // versicherung dotversicherung-registry GmbH
1289 "vet", // vet United TLD Holdco, Ltd
1290 "viajes", // viajes Black Madison, LLC
1291 "video", // video United TLD Holdco, Ltd
1292 "vig", // vig VIENNA INSURANCE GROUP AG Wiener Versicherung Gruppe
1293 "viking", // viking Viking River Cruises (Bermuda) Ltd.
1294 "villas", // villas New Sky, LLC
1295 "vin", // vin Holly Shadow, LLC
1296 "vip", // vip Minds + Machines Group Limited
1297 "virgin", // virgin Virgin Enterprises Limited
1298 "visa", // visa Visa Worldwide Pte. Limited
1299 "vision", // vision Koko Station, LLC
1300 // "vista", // vista Vistaprint Limited
1301 // "vistaprint", // vistaprint Vistaprint Limited
1302 "viva", // viva Saudi Telecom Company
1303 "vivo", // vivo Telefonica Brasil S.A.
1304 "vlaanderen", // vlaanderen DNS.be vzw
1305 "vodka", // vodka Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1306 // "volkswagen", // volkswagen Volkswagen Group of America Inc.
1307 "volvo", // volvo Volvo Holding Sverige Aktiebolag
1308 "vote", // vote Monolith Registry LLC
1309 "voting", // voting Valuetainment Corp.
1310 "voto", // voto Monolith Registry LLC
1311 "voyage", // voyage Ruby House, LLC
1312 // "vuelos", // vuelos Travel Reservations SRL
1313 "wales", // wales Nominet UK
1314 "walmart", // walmart Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
1315 "walter", // walter Sandvik AB
1316 "wang", // wang Zodiac Registry Limited
1317 "wanggou", // wanggou Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1318 // "warman", // warman Weir Group IP Limited
1319 "watch", // watch Sand Shadow, LLC
1320 "watches", // watches Richemont DNS Inc.
1321 "weather", // weather The Weather Channel, LLC
1322 "weatherchannel", // weatherchannel The Weather Channel, LLC
1323 "webcam", // webcam dot Webcam Limited
1324 "weber", // weber Saint-Gobain Weber SA
1325 "website", // website DotWebsite Inc.
1326 "wed", // wed Atgron, Inc.
1327 "wedding", // wedding Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1328 "weibo", // weibo Sina Corporation
1329 "weir", // weir Weir Group IP Limited
1330 "whoswho", // whoswho Who's Who Registry
1331 "wien", // wien punkt.wien GmbH
1332 "wiki", // wiki Top Level Design, LLC
1333 "williamhill", // williamhill William Hill Organization Limited
1334 "win", // win First Registry Limited
1335 "windows", // windows Microsoft Corporation
1336 "wine", // wine June Station, LLC
1337 "winners", // winners The TJX Companies, Inc.
1338 "wme", // wme William Morris Endeavor Entertainment, LLC
1339 "wolterskluwer", // wolterskluwer Wolters Kluwer N.V.
1340 "woodside", // woodside Woodside Petroleum Limited
1341 "work", // work Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1342 "works", // works Little Dynamite, LLC
1343 "world", // world Bitter Fields, LLC
1344 "wow", // wow Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1345 "wtc", // wtc World Trade Centers Association, Inc.
1346 "wtf", // wtf Hidden Way, LLC
1347 "xbox", // xbox Microsoft Corporation
1348 "xerox", // xerox Xerox DNHC LLC
1349 // "xfinity", // xfinity Comcast IP Holdings I, LLC
1350 "xihuan", // xihuan QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.
1351 "xin", // xin Elegant Leader Limited
1352 "xn--11b4c3d", // कॉम VeriSign Sarl
1353 "xn--1ck2e1b", // セール Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1354 "xn--1qqw23a", // 佛山 Guangzhou YU Wei Information Technology Co., Ltd.
1355 "xn--30rr7y", // 慈善 Excellent First Limited
1356 "xn--3bst00m", // 集团 Eagle Horizon Limited
1357 "xn--3ds443g", // 在线 TLD REGISTRY LIMITED
1358 // "xn--3oq18vl8pn36a", // 大众汽车 Volkswagen (China) Investment Co., Ltd.
1359 "xn--3pxu8k", // 点看 VeriSign Sarl
1360 "xn--42c2d9a", // คอม VeriSign Sarl
1361 "xn--45q11c", // 八卦 Zodiac Scorpio Limited
1362 "xn--4gbrim", // موقع Suhub Electronic Establishment
1363 "xn--55qw42g", // 公益 China Organizational Name Administration Center
1364 "xn--55qx5d", // 公司 Computer Network Information Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences （China Internet Network Information Center）
1365 "xn--5su34j936bgsg", // 香格里拉 Shangri‐La International Hotel Management Limited
1366 "xn--5tzm5g", // 网站 Global Website TLD Asia Limited
1367 "xn--6frz82g", // 移动 Afilias Limited
1368 "xn--6qq986b3xl", // 我爱你 Tycoon Treasure Limited
1369 "xn--80adxhks", // москва Foundation for Assistance for Internet Technologies and Infrastructure Development (FAITID)
1370 "xn--80aqecdr1a", // католик Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication)
1371 "xn--80asehdb", // онлайн CORE Association
1372 "xn--80aswg", // сайт CORE Association
1373 "xn--8y0a063a", // 联通 China United Network Communications Corporation Limited
1374 "xn--90ae", // бг Imena.BG Plc (NAMES.BG Plc)
1375 "xn--9dbq2a", // קום VeriSign Sarl
1376 "xn--9et52u", // 时尚 RISE VICTORY LIMITED
1377 "xn--9krt00a", // 微博 Sina Corporation
1378 "xn--b4w605ferd", // 淡马锡 Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited
1379 "xn--bck1b9a5dre4c", // ファッション Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1380 "xn--c1avg", // орг Public Interest Registry
1381 "xn--c2br7g", // नेट VeriSign Sarl
1382 "xn--cck2b3b", // ストア Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1383 "xn--cckwcxetd", // アマゾン Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1384 "xn--cg4bki", // 삼성 SAMSUNG SDS CO., LTD
1385 "xn--czr694b", // 商标 HU YI GLOBAL INFORMATION RESOURCES(HOLDING) COMPANY.HONGKONG LIMITED
1386 "xn--czrs0t", // 商店 Wild Island, LLC
1387 "xn--czru2d", // 商城 Zodiac Aquarius Limited
1388 "xn--d1acj3b", // дети The Foundation for Network Initiatives “The Smart Internet”
1389 "xn--eckvdtc9d", // ポイント Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1390 "xn--efvy88h", // 新闻 Xinhua News Agency Guangdong Branch 新华通讯社广东分社
1391 // "xn--estv75g", // 工行 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited
1392 "xn--fct429k", // 家電 Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1393 "xn--fhbei", // كوم VeriSign Sarl
1394 "xn--fiq228c5hs", // 中文网 TLD REGISTRY LIMITED
1395 "xn--fiq64b", // 中信 CITIC Group Corporation
1396 "xn--fjq720a", // 娱乐 Will Bloom, LLC
1397 "xn--flw351e", // 谷歌 Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1398 "xn--fzys8d69uvgm", // 電訊盈科 PCCW Enterprises Limited
1399 "xn--g2xx48c", // 购物 Minds + Machines Group Limited
1400 "xn--gckr3f0f", // クラウド Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1401 "xn--gk3at1e", // 通販 Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1402 "xn--hxt814e", // 网店 Zodiac Libra Limited
1403 "xn--i1b6b1a6a2e", // संगठन Public Interest Registry
1404 "xn--imr513n", // 餐厅 HU YI GLOBAL INFORMATION RESOURCES (HOLDING) COMPANY. HONGKONG LIMITED
1405 "xn--io0a7i", // 网络 Computer Network Information Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences （China Internet Network Information Center）
1406 "xn--j1aef", // ком VeriSign Sarl
1407 "xn--jlq480n2rg", // 亚马逊 Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1408 // "xn--jlq61u9w7b", // 诺基亚 Nokia Corporation
1409 "xn--jvr189m", // 食品 Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1410 "xn--kcrx77d1x4a", // 飞利浦 Koninklijke Philips N.V.
1411 // "xn--kpu716f", // 手表 Richemont DNS Inc. [Not assigned as of Jul 25]
1412 "xn--kput3i", // 手机 Beijing RITT-Net Technology Development Co., Ltd
1413 "xn--mgba3a3ejt", // ارامكو Aramco Services Company
1414 "xn--mgba7c0bbn0a", // العليان Crescent Holding GmbH
1415 // "xn--mgbaakc7dvf", // اتصالات Emirates Telecommunications Corporation (trading as Etisalat)
1416 "xn--mgbab2bd", // بازار CORE Association
1417 // "xn--mgbb9fbpob", // موبايلي GreenTech Consultancy Company W.L.L.
1418 "xn--mgbca7dzdo", // ابوظبي Abu Dhabi Systems and Information Centre
1419 "xn--mgbi4ecexp", // كاثوليك Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication)
1420 "xn--mgbt3dhd", // همراه Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
1421 "xn--mk1bu44c", // 닷컴 VeriSign Sarl
1422 "xn--mxtq1m", // 政府 Net-Chinese Co., Ltd.
1423 "xn--ngbc5azd", // شبكة International Domain Registry Pty. Ltd.
1424 "xn--ngbe9e0a", // بيتك Kuwait Finance House
1425 "xn--ngbrx", // عرب League of Arab States
1426 "xn--nqv7f", // 机构 Public Interest Registry
1427 "xn--nqv7fs00ema", // 组织机构 Public Interest Registry
1428 "xn--nyqy26a", // 健康 Stable Tone Limited
1429 "xn--otu796d", // 招聘 Dot Trademark TLD Holding Company Limited
1430 "xn--p1acf", // рус Rusnames Limited
1431 // "xn--pbt977c", // 珠宝 Richemont DNS Inc. [Not assigned as of Jul 25]
1432 "xn--pssy2u", // 大拿 VeriSign Sarl
1433 "xn--q9jyb4c", // みんな Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1434 "xn--qcka1pmc", // グーグル Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1435 "xn--rhqv96g", // 世界 Stable Tone Limited
1436 "xn--rovu88b", // 書籍 Amazon EU S.à r.l.
1437 "xn--ses554g", // 网址 KNET Co., Ltd
1438 "xn--t60b56a", // 닷넷 VeriSign Sarl
1439 "xn--tckwe", // コム VeriSign Sarl
1440 "xn--tiq49xqyj", // 天主教 Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication)
1441 "xn--unup4y", // 游戏 Spring Fields, LLC
1442 "xn--vermgensberater-ctb", // VERMöGENSBERATER Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG
1443 "xn--vermgensberatung-pwb", // VERMöGENSBERATUNG Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG
1444 "xn--vhquv", // 企业 Dash McCook, LLC
1445 "xn--vuq861b", // 信息 Beijing Tele-info Network Technology Co., Ltd.
1446 "xn--w4r85el8fhu5dnra", // 嘉里大酒店 Kerry Trading Co. Limited
1447 "xn--w4rs40l", // 嘉里 Kerry Trading Co. Limited
1448 "xn--xhq521b", // 广东 Guangzhou YU Wei Information Technology Co., Ltd.
1449 "xn--zfr164b", // 政务 China Organizational Name Administration Center
1450 // "xperia", // xperia Sony Mobile Communications AB
1451 "xxx", // xxx ICM Registry LLC
1452 "xyz", // xyz XYZ.COM LLC
1453 "yachts", // yachts DERYachts, LLC
1454 "yahoo", // yahoo Yahoo! Domain Services Inc.
1455 "yamaxun", // yamaxun Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1456 "yandex", // yandex YANDEX, LLC
1457 "yodobashi", // yodobashi YODOBASHI CAMERA CO.,LTD.
1458 "yoga", // yoga Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1459 "yokohama", // yokohama GMO Registry, Inc.
1460 "you", // you Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1461 "youtube", // youtube Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1462 "yun", // yun QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.
1463 "zappos", // zappos Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1464 "zara", // zara Industria de Diseño Textil, S.A. (INDITEX, S.A.)
1465 "zero", // zero Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1466 "zip", // zip Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1467 // "zippo", // zippo Zadco Company
1468 "zone", // zone Outer Falls, LLC
1469 "zuerich", // zuerich Kanton Zürich (Canton of Zurich)
1470 };
1471
1472 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1473 private static final String[] COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS = {
1474 // Taken from Version 2024040200, Last Updated Tue Apr 2 07:07:02 2024 UTC
1475 "ac", // Ascension Island
1476 "ad", // Andorra
1477 "ae", // United Arab Emirates
1478 "af", // Afghanistan
1479 "ag", // Antigua and Barbuda
1480 "ai", // Anguilla
1481 "al", // Albania
1482 "am", // Armenia
1483 // "an", // Netherlands Antilles (retired)
1484 "ao", // Angola
1485 "aq", // Antarctica
1486 "ar", // Argentina
1487 "as", // American Samoa
1488 "at", // Austria
1489 "au", // Australia (includes Ashmore and Cartier Islands and Coral Sea Islands)
1490 "aw", // Aruba
1491 "ax", // Åland
1492 "az", // Azerbaijan
1493 "ba", // Bosnia and Herzegovina
1494 "bb", // Barbados
1495 "bd", // Bangladesh
1496 "be", // Belgium
1497 "bf", // Burkina Faso
1498 "bg", // Bulgaria
1499 "bh", // Bahrain
1500 "bi", // Burundi
1501 "bj", // Benin
1502 "bm", // Bermuda
1503 "bn", // Brunei Darussalam
1504 "bo", // Bolivia
1505 "br", // Brazil
1506 "bs", // Bahamas
1507 "bt", // Bhutan
1508 "bv", // Bouvet Island
1509 "bw", // Botswana
1510 "by", // Belarus
1511 "bz", // Belize
1512 "ca", // Canada
1513 "cc", // Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1514 "cd", // Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire)
1515 "cf", // Central African Republic
1516 "cg", // Republic of the Congo
1517 "ch", // Switzerland
1518 "ci", // Côte d'Ivoire
1519 "ck", // Cook Islands
1520 "cl", // Chile
1521 "cm", // Cameroon
1522 "cn", // China, mainland
1523 "co", // Colombia
1524 "cr", // Costa Rica
1525 "cu", // Cuba
1526 "cv", // Cape Verde
1527 "cw", // Curaçao
1528 "cx", // Christmas Island
1529 "cy", // Cyprus
1530 "cz", // Czech Republic
1531 "de", // Germany
1532 "dj", // Djibouti
1533 "dk", // Denmark
1534 "dm", // Dominica
1535 "do", // Dominican Republic
1536 "dz", // Algeria
1537 "ec", // Ecuador
1538 "ee", // Estonia
1539 "eg", // Egypt
1540 "er", // Eritrea
1541 "es", // Spain
1542 "et", // Ethiopia
1543 "eu", // European Union
1544 "fi", // Finland
1545 "fj", // Fiji
1546 "fk", // Falkland Islands
1547 "fm", // Federated States of Micronesia
1548 "fo", // Faroe Islands
1549 "fr", // France
1550 "ga", // Gabon
1551 "gb", // Great Britain (United Kingdom)
1552 "gd", // Grenada
1553 "ge", // Georgia
1554 "gf", // French Guiana
1555 "gg", // Guernsey
1556 "gh", // Ghana
1557 "gi", // Gibraltar
1558 "gl", // Greenland
1559 "gm", // The Gambia
1560 "gn", // Guinea
1561 "gp", // Guadeloupe
1562 "gq", // Equatorial Guinea
1563 "gr", // Greece
1564 "gs", // South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
1565 "gt", // Guatemala
1566 "gu", // Guam
1567 "gw", // Guinea-Bissau
1568 "gy", // Guyana
1569 "hk", // Hong Kong
1570 "hm", // Heard Island and McDonald Islands
1571 "hn", // Honduras
1572 "hr", // Croatia (Hrvatska)
1573 "ht", // Haiti
1574 "hu", // Hungary
1575 "id", // Indonesia
1576 "ie", // Ireland (Éire)
1577 "il", // Israel
1578 "im", // Isle of Man
1579 "in", // India
1580 "io", // British Indian Ocean Territory
1581 "iq", // Iraq
1582 "ir", // Iran
1583 "is", // Iceland
1584 "it", // Italy
1585 "je", // Jersey
1586 "jm", // Jamaica
1587 "jo", // Jordan
1588 "jp", // Japan
1589 "ke", // Kenya
1590 "kg", // Kyrgyzstan
1591 "kh", // Cambodia (Khmer)
1592 "ki", // Kiribati
1593 "km", // Comoros
1594 "kn", // Saint Kitts and Nevis
1595 "kp", // North Korea
1596 "kr", // South Korea
1597 "kw", // Kuwait
1598 "ky", // Cayman Islands
1599 "kz", // Kazakhstan
1600 "la", // Laos (currently being marketed as the official domain for Los Angeles)
1601 "lb", // Lebanon
1602 "lc", // Saint Lucia
1603 "li", // Liechtenstein
1604 "lk", // Sri Lanka
1605 "lr", // Liberia
1606 "ls", // Lesotho
1607 "lt", // Lithuania
1608 "lu", // Luxembourg
1609 "lv", // Latvia
1610 "ly", // Libya
1611 "ma", // Morocco
1612 "mc", // Monaco
1613 "md", // Moldova
1614 "me", // Montenegro
1615 "mg", // Madagascar
1616 "mh", // Marshall Islands
1617 "mk", // Republic of Macedonia
1618 "ml", // Mali
1619 "mm", // Myanmar
1620 "mn", // Mongolia
1621 "mo", // Macau
1622 "mp", // Northern Mariana Islands
1623 "mq", // Martinique
1624 "mr", // Mauritania
1625 "ms", // Montserrat
1626 "mt", // Malta
1627 "mu", // Mauritius
1628 "mv", // Maldives
1629 "mw", // Malawi
1630 "mx", // Mexico
1631 "my", // Malaysia
1632 "mz", // Mozambique
1633 "na", // Namibia
1634 "nc", // New Caledonia
1635 "ne", // Niger
1636 "nf", // Norfolk Island
1637 "ng", // Nigeria
1638 "ni", // Nicaragua
1639 "nl", // Netherlands
1640 "no", // Norway
1641 "np", // Nepal
1642 "nr", // Nauru
1643 "nu", // Niue
1644 "nz", // New Zealand
1645 "om", // Oman
1646 "pa", // Panama
1647 "pe", // Peru
1648 "pf", // French Polynesia With Clipperton Island
1649 "pg", // Papua New Guinea
1650 "ph", // Philippines
1651 "pk", // Pakistan
1652 "pl", // Poland
1653 "pm", // Saint-Pierre and Miquelon
1654 "pn", // Pitcairn Islands
1655 "pr", // Puerto Rico
1656 "ps", // Palestinian territories (PA-controlled West Bank and Gaza Strip)
1657 "pt", // Portugal
1658 "pw", // Palau
1659 "py", // Paraguay
1660 "qa", // Qatar
1661 "re", // Réunion
1662 "ro", // Romania
1663 "rs", // Serbia
1664 "ru", // Russia
1665 "rw", // Rwanda
1666 "sa", // Saudi Arabia
1667 "sb", // Solomon Islands
1668 "sc", // Seychelles
1669 "sd", // Sudan
1670 "se", // Sweden
1671 "sg", // Singapore
1672 "sh", // Saint Helena
1673 "si", // Slovenia
1674 "sj", // Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands Not in use (Norwegian dependencies; see .no)
1675 "sk", // Slovakia
1676 "sl", // Sierra Leone
1677 "sm", // San Marino
1678 "sn", // Senegal
1679 "so", // Somalia
1680 "sr", // Suriname
1681 "ss", // ss National Communication Authority (NCA)
1682 "st", // São Tomé and Príncipe
1683 "su", // Soviet Union (deprecated)
1684 "sv", // El Salvador
1685 "sx", // Sint Maarten
1686 "sy", // Syria
1687 "sz", // Swaziland
1688 "tc", // Turks and Caicos Islands
1689 "td", // Chad
1690 "tf", // French Southern and Antarctic Lands
1691 "tg", // Togo
1692 "th", // Thailand
1693 "tj", // Tajikistan
1694 "tk", // Tokelau
1695 "tl", // East Timor (deprecated old code)
1696 "tm", // Turkmenistan
1697 "tn", // Tunisia
1698 "to", // Tonga
1699 // "tp", // East Timor (Retired)
1700 "tr", // Turkey
1701 "tt", // Trinidad and Tobago
1702 "tv", // Tuvalu
1703 "tw", // Taiwan, Republic of China
1704 "tz", // Tanzania
1705 "ua", // Ukraine
1706 "ug", // Uganda
1707 "uk", // United Kingdom
1708 "us", // United States of America
1709 "uy", // Uruguay
1710 "uz", // Uzbekistan
1711 "va", // Vatican City State
1712 "vc", // Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1713 "ve", // Venezuela
1714 "vg", // British Virgin Islands
1715 "vi", // U.S. Virgin Islands
1716 "vn", // Vietnam
1717 "vu", // Vanuatu
1718 "wf", // Wallis and Futuna
1719 "ws", // Samoa (formerly Western Samoa)
1720 "xn--2scrj9c", // ಭಾರತ National Internet eXchange of India
1721 "xn--3e0b707e", // 한국 KISA (Korea Internet & Security Agency)
1722 "xn--3hcrj9c", // ଭାରତ National Internet eXchange of India
1723 "xn--45br5cyl", // ভাৰত National Internet eXchange of India
1724 "xn--45brj9c", // ভারত National Internet Exchange of India
1725 "xn--4dbrk0ce", // ישראל The Israel Internet Association (RA)
1726 "xn--54b7fta0cc", // বাংলা Posts and Telecommunications Division
1727 "xn--80ao21a", // қаз Association of IT Companies of Kazakhstan
1728 "xn--90a3ac", // срб Serbian National Internet Domain Registry (RNIDS)
1729 "xn--90ais", // ??? Reliable Software Inc.
1730 "xn--clchc0ea0b2g2a9gcd", // சிங்கப்பூர் Singapore Network Information Centre (SGNIC) Pte Ltd
1731 "xn--d1alf", // мкд Macedonian Academic Research Network Skopje
1732 "xn--e1a4c", // ею EURid vzw/asbl
1733 "xn--fiqs8s", // 中国 China Internet Network Information Center
1734 "xn--fiqz9s", // 中國 China Internet Network Information Center
1735 "xn--fpcrj9c3d", // భారత్ National Internet Exchange of India
1736 "xn--fzc2c9e2c", // ලංකා LK Domain Registry
1737 "xn--gecrj9c", // ભારત National Internet Exchange of India
1738 "xn--h2breg3eve", // भारतम् National Internet eXchange of India
1739 "xn--h2brj9c", // भारत National Internet Exchange of India
1740 "xn--h2brj9c8c", // भारोत National Internet eXchange of India
1741 "xn--j1amh", // укр Ukrainian Network Information Centre (UANIC), Inc.
1742 "xn--j6w193g", // 香港 Hong Kong Internet Registration Corporation Ltd.
1743 "xn--kprw13d", // 台湾 Taiwan Network Information Center (TWNIC)
1744 "xn--kpry57d", // 台灣 Taiwan Network Information Center (TWNIC)
1745 "xn--l1acc", // мон Datacom Co.,Ltd
1746 "xn--lgbbat1ad8j", // الجزائر CERIST
1747 "xn--mgb9awbf", // عمان Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA)
1748 "xn--mgba3a4f16a", // ایران Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM)
1749 "xn--mgbaam7a8h", // امارات Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA)
1750 "xn--mgbah1a3hjkrd", // موريتانيا Université de Nouakchott Al Aasriya
1751 "xn--mgbai9azgqp6j", // پاکستان National Telecommunication Corporation
1752 "xn--mgbayh7gpa", // الاردن National Information Technology Center (NITC)
1753 "xn--mgbbh1a", // بارت National Internet eXchange of India
1754 "xn--mgbbh1a71e", // بھارت National Internet Exchange of India
1755 "xn--mgbc0a9azcg", // المغرب Agence Nationale de Réglementation des Télécommunications (ANRT)
1756 "xn--mgbcpq6gpa1a", // البحرين Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA)
1757 "xn--mgberp4a5d4ar", // السعودية Communications and Information Technology Commission
1758 "xn--mgbgu82a", // ڀارت National Internet eXchange of India
1759 "xn--mgbpl2fh", // ????? Sudan Internet Society
1760 "xn--mgbtx2b", // عراق Communications and Media Commission (CMC)
1761 "xn--mgbx4cd0ab", // مليسيا MYNIC Berhad
1762 "xn--mix891f", // 澳門 Bureau of Telecommunications Regulation (DSRT)
1763 "xn--node", // გე Information Technologies Development Center (ITDC)
1764 "xn--o3cw4h", // ไทย Thai Network Information Center Foundation
1765 "xn--ogbpf8fl", // سورية National Agency for Network Services (NANS)
1766 "xn--p1ai", // рф Coordination Center for TLD RU
1767 "xn--pgbs0dh", // تونس Agence Tunisienne d'Internet
1768 "xn--q7ce6a", // ລາວ Lao National Internet Center (LANIC)
1769 "xn--qxa6a", // ευ EURid vzw/asbl
1770 "xn--qxam", // ελ ICS-FORTH GR
1771 "xn--rvc1e0am3e", // ഭാരതം National Internet eXchange of India
1772 "xn--s9brj9c", // ਭਾਰਤ National Internet Exchange of India
1773 "xn--wgbh1c", // مصر National Telecommunication Regulatory Authority - NTRA
1774 "xn--wgbl6a", // قطر Communications Regulatory Authority
1775 "xn--xkc2al3hye2a", // இலங்கை LK Domain Registry
1776 "xn--xkc2dl3a5ee0h", // இந்தியா National Internet Exchange of India
1777 "xn--y9a3aq", // ??? Internet Society
1778 "xn--yfro4i67o", // 新加坡 Singapore Network Information Centre (SGNIC) Pte Ltd
1779 "xn--ygbi2ammx", // فلسطين Ministry of Telecom & Information Technology (MTIT)
1780 "ye", // Yemen
1781 "yt", // Mayotte
1782 "za", // South Africa
1783 "zm", // Zambia
1784 "zw", // Zimbabwe
1785 };
1786
1787 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1788 private static final String[] LOCAL_TLDS = {
1789 "localdomain", // Also widely used as localhost.localdomain
1790 "localhost", // RFC2606 defined
1791 };
1792 /*
1793 * This field is used to detect whether the getInstance has been called.
1794 * After this, the method updateTLDOverride is not allowed to be called.
1795 * This field does not need to be volatile since it is only accessed from
1796 * synchronized methods.
1797 */
1798 private static boolean inUse; //NOPMD @GuardedBy("this")
1799 /*
1800 * These arrays are mutable.
1801 * They can only be updated by the updateTLDOverride method, and readers must first get an instance
1802 * using the getInstance methods which are all (now) synchronized.
1803 * The only other access is via getTLDEntries which is now synchronized.
1804 */
1805 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1806 private static String[] countryCodeTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; //NOPMD @GuardedBy("this")
1807 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1808 private static String[] genericTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; //NOPMD @GuardedBy("this")
1809 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1810 private static String[] countryCodeTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; //NOPMD @GuardedBy("this")
1811 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1812 private static String[] genericTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; //NOPMD @GuardedBy("this")
1813
1814 // The constructors are deliberately private to avoid possible problems with unsafe publication.
1815 // It is vital that the static override arrays are not mutable once they have been used in an instance
1816 // The arrays could be copied into the instance variables, however if the static array were changed it could
1817 // result in different settings for the shared default instances
1818
1819 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1820 private static String[] localTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; //NOPMD @GuardedBy("this")
1821
1822 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1823 private static String[] localTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; //NOPMD @GuardedBy("this")
1824
1825 /**
1826 * Tests if a sorted array contains the specified key
1827 *
1828 * @param sortedArray the array to search.
1829 * @param key the key to find.
1830 * @return {@code true} if the array contains the key.
1831 */
1832 private static boolean arrayContains(final String[] sortedArray, final String key) {
1833 return Arrays.binarySearch(sortedArray, key) >= 0;
1834 }
1835
1836 /**
1837 * Gets the singleton instance of this validator. It will not consider local addresses as valid.
1838 *
1839 * @return the singleton instance of this validator.
1840 */
1841 public static synchronized DomainValidator getInstance() {
1842 inUse = true;
1843 return LazyHolder.DOMAIN_VALIDATOR;
1844 }
1845
1846 /**
1847 * Gets the singleton instance of this validator, with local validation as required.
1848 *
1849 * @param allowLocal Whether local addresses are considered valid.
1850 * @return the singleton instance of this validator.
1851 */
1852 public static synchronized DomainValidator getInstance(final boolean allowLocal) {
1853 inUse = true;
1854 if (allowLocal) {
1855 return LazyHolder.DOMAIN_VALIDATOR_WITH_LOCAL;
1856 }
1857 return LazyHolder.DOMAIN_VALIDATOR;
1858 }
1859
1860 /**
1861 * Gets a new instance of this validator. The user can provide a list of {@link Item} entries which can be used to override the generic and country code
1862 * lists. Note that any such entries override values provided by the {@link #updateTLDOverride(ArrayType, String[])} method If an entry for a particular
1863 * type is not provided, then the class override (if any) is retained.
1864 *
1865 * @param allowLocal Whether local addresses are considered valid.
1866 * @param items array of {@link Item} entries.
1867 * @return an instance of this validator.
1868 * @since 1.7
1869 */
1870 public static synchronized DomainValidator getInstance(final boolean allowLocal, final List<Item> items) {
1871 inUse = true;
1872 return new DomainValidator(allowLocal, items);
1873 }
1874
1875 /**
1876 * Gets a copy of a class level internal array.
1877 *
1878 * @param table the array type (any of the enum values).
1879 * @return a copy of the array.
1880 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the table type is unexpected (should not happen).
1881 * @since 1.5.1
1882 */
1883 public static synchronized String[] getTLDEntries(final ArrayType table) {
1884 final String[] array;
1885 switch (table) {
1886 case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS:
1887 array = countryCodeTLDsMinus;
1888 break;
1889 case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS:
1890 array = countryCodeTLDsPlus;
1891 break;
1892 case GENERIC_MINUS:
1893 array = genericTLDsMinus;
1894 break;
1895 case GENERIC_PLUS:
1896 array = genericTLDsPlus;
1897 break;
1898 case LOCAL_MINUS:
1899 array = localTLDsMinus;
1900 break;
1901 case LOCAL_PLUS:
1902 array = localTLDsPlus;
1903 break;
1904 case GENERIC_RO:
1905 array = GENERIC_TLDS;
1906 break;
1907 case COUNTRY_CODE_RO:
1908 array = COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS;
1909 break;
1910 case INFRASTRUCTURE_RO:
1911 array = INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS;
1912 break;
1913 case LOCAL_RO:
1914 array = LOCAL_TLDS;
1915 break;
1916 default:
1917 throw new IllegalArgumentException(UNEXPECTED_ENUM_VALUE + table);
1918 }
1919 return Arrays.copyOf(array, array.length); // clone the array
1920 }
1921
1922 /*
1923 * Tests whether input contains only ASCII. Treats null as all ASCII.
1924 */
1925 private static boolean isOnlyASCII(final String input) {
1926 if (input == null) {
1927 return true;
1928 }
1929 for (int i = 0; i < input.length(); i++) {
1930 if (input.charAt(i) > 0x7F) { // CHECKSTYLE IGNORE MagicNumber
1931 return false;
1932 }
1933 }
1934 return true;
1935 }
1936
1937 /**
1938 * Converts potentially Unicode input to punycode. If conversion fails, returns the original input.
1939 *
1940 * @param input the string to convert, not null.
1941 * @return converted input, or original input if conversion fails.
1942 */
1943 // Needed by UrlValidator
1944 static String unicodeToASCII(final String input) {
1945 if (isOnlyASCII(input)) { // skip possibly expensive processing
1946 return input;
1947 }
1948 try {
1949 final String ascii = IDN.toASCII(input);
1950 if (IDNBUGHOLDER.IDN_TOASCII_PRESERVES_TRAILING_DOTS) {
1951 return ascii;
1952 }
1953 final int length = input.length();
1954 if (length == 0) { // check there is a last character
1955 return input;
1956 }
1957 // RFC3490 3.1. 1)
1958 // Whenever dots are used as label separators, the following
1959 // characters MUST be recognized as dots: U+002E (full stop), U+3002
1960 // (ideographic full stop), U+FF0E (fullwidth full stop), U+FF61
1961 // (halfwidth ideographic full stop).
1962 final char lastChar = input.charAt(length - 1); // fetch original last char
1963 switch (lastChar) {
1964 case '\u002E': // "." full stop
1965 case '\u3002': // ideographic full stop
1966 case '\uFF0E': // fullwidth full stop
1967 case '\uFF61': // halfwidth ideographic full stop
1968 return ascii + "."; // restore the missing stop
1969 default:
1970 return ascii;
1971 }
1972 } catch (final IllegalArgumentException e) { // input is not valid
1973 return input;
1974 }
1975 }
1976
1977 /**
1978 * Updates one of the TLD override arrays. This must only be done at program startup, before any instances are accessed using getInstance.
1979 * <p>
1980 * For example:
1981 * </p>
1982 * <p>
1983 * {@code DomainValidator.updateTLDOverride(ArrayType.GENERIC_PLUS, "apache")}
1984 * </p>
1985 * <p>
1986 * To clear an override array, provide an empty array.
1987 * </p>
1988 *
1989 * @param table the table to update, see {@link DomainValidator.ArrayType} Must be one of the following
1990 * <ul>
1991 * <li>COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS</li>
1992 * <li>COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS</li>
1993 * <li>GENERIC_MINUS</li>
1994 * <li>GENERIC_PLUS</li>
1995 * <li>LOCAL_MINUS</li>
1996 * <li>LOCAL_PLUS</li>
1997 * </ul>
1998 * @param tlds the array of TLDs, must not be null.
1999 * @throws IllegalStateException if the method is called after getInstance.
2000 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if one of the read-only tables is requested.
2001 * @since 1.5.0
2002 */
2003 public static synchronized void updateTLDOverride(final ArrayType table, final String... tlds) {
2004 if (inUse) {
2005 throw new IllegalStateException("Can only invoke this method before calling getInstance");
2006 }
2007 final String[] copy = new String[tlds.length];
2008 // Comparisons are always done with lower-case entries
2009 for (int i = 0; i < tlds.length; i++) {
2010 copy[i] = tlds[i].toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH);
2011 }
2012 Arrays.sort(copy);
2013 switch (table) {
2014 case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS:
2015 countryCodeTLDsMinus = copy;
2016 break;
2017 case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS:
2018 countryCodeTLDsPlus = copy;
2019 break;
2020 case GENERIC_MINUS:
2021 genericTLDsMinus = copy;
2022 break;
2023 case GENERIC_PLUS:
2024 genericTLDsPlus = copy;
2025 break;
2026 case LOCAL_MINUS:
2027 localTLDsMinus = copy;
2028 break;
2029 case LOCAL_PLUS:
2030 localTLDsPlus = copy;
2031 break;
2032 case COUNTRY_CODE_RO:
2033 case GENERIC_RO:
2034 case INFRASTRUCTURE_RO:
2035 case LOCAL_RO:
2036 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot update the table: " + table);
2037 default:
2038 throw new IllegalArgumentException(UNEXPECTED_ENUM_VALUE + table);
2039 }
2040 }
2041
2042 /** Whether to allow local overrides. */
2043 private final boolean allowLocal;
2044
2045 // TLDs defined by IANA
2046 // Authoritative and comprehensive list at:
2047 // https://data.iana.org/TLD/tlds-alpha-by-domain.txt
2048
2049 // Note that the above list is in UPPER case.
2050 // The code currently converts strings to lower case (as per the tables below)
2051
2052 // IANA also provide an HTML list at http://www.iana.org/domains/root/db
2053 // Note that this contains several country code entries which are NOT in
2054 // the text file. These all have the "Not assigned" in the "Sponsoring Organisation" column
2055 // For example (as of 2015-01-02):
2056 // .bl country-code Not assigned
2057 // .um country-code Not assigned
2058
2059 /**
2060 * RegexValidator for matching domains.
2061 */
2062 private final RegexValidator domainRegex =
2063 new RegexValidator(DOMAIN_NAME_REGEX);
2064
2065 /**
2066 * RegexValidator for matching a local hostname
2067 */
2068 // RFC1123 sec 2.1 allows hostnames to start with a digit
2069 private final RegexValidator hostnameRegex =
2070 new RegexValidator(DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX);
2071
2072 /** Local override. */
2073 final String[] myCountryCodeTLDsMinus;
2074
2075 /** Local override. */
2076 final String[] myCountryCodeTLDsPlus;
2077
2078 // Additional arrays to supplement or override the built in ones.
2079 // The PLUS arrays are valid keys, the MINUS arrays are invalid keys
2080
2081 /** Local override. */
2082 final String[] myGenericTLDsPlus;
2083
2084 /** Local override. */
2085 final String[] myGenericTLDsMinus;
2086
2087 /** Local override. */
2088 final String[] myLocalTLDsPlus;
2089
2090 /** Local override. */
2091 final String[] myLocalTLDsMinus;
2092
2093 /*
2094 * It is vital that instances are immutable. This is because the default instances are shared.
2095 */
2096
2097 /**
2098 * Private constructor.
2099 */
2100 private DomainValidator(final boolean allowLocal) {
2101 this.allowLocal = allowLocal;
2102 // link to class overrides
2103 myCountryCodeTLDsMinus = countryCodeTLDsMinus;
2104 myCountryCodeTLDsPlus = countryCodeTLDsPlus;
2105 myGenericTLDsPlus = genericTLDsPlus;
2106 myGenericTLDsMinus = genericTLDsMinus;
2107 myLocalTLDsPlus = localTLDsPlus;
2108 myLocalTLDsMinus = localTLDsMinus;
2109 }
2110
2111 /**
2112 * Private constructor, allowing local overrides.
2113 *
2114 * @since 1.7
2115 */
2116 private DomainValidator(final boolean allowLocal, final List<Item> items) {
2117 this.allowLocal = allowLocal;
2118 // default to class overrides
2119 String[] ccMinus = countryCodeTLDsMinus;
2120 String[] ccPlus = countryCodeTLDsPlus;
2121 String[] genMinus = genericTLDsMinus;
2122 String[] genPlus = genericTLDsPlus;
2123 String[] localMinus = localTLDsMinus;
2124 String[] localPlus = localTLDsPlus;
2125 // apply the instance overrides
2126 for (final Item item : items) {
2127 final String[] copy = new String[item.values.length];
2128 // Comparisons are always done with lower-case entries
2129 for (int i = 0; i < item.values.length; i++) {
2130 copy[i] = item.values[i].toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH);
2131 }
2132 Arrays.sort(copy);
2133 switch (item.type) {
2134 case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS: {
2135 ccMinus = copy;
2136 break;
2137 }
2138 case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS: {
2139 ccPlus = copy;
2140 break;
2141 }
2142 case GENERIC_MINUS: {
2143 genMinus = copy;
2144 break;
2145 }
2146 case GENERIC_PLUS: {
2147 genPlus = copy;
2148 break;
2149 }
2150 case LOCAL_MINUS: {
2151 localMinus = copy;
2152 break;
2153 }
2154 case LOCAL_PLUS: {
2155 localPlus = copy;
2156 break;
2157 }
2158 default:
2159 break;
2160 }
2161 }
2162 // init the instance overrides
2163 myCountryCodeTLDsMinus = ccMinus;
2164 myCountryCodeTLDsPlus = ccPlus;
2165 myGenericTLDsMinus = genMinus;
2166 myGenericTLDsPlus = genPlus;
2167 myLocalTLDsMinus = localMinus;
2168 myLocalTLDsPlus = localPlus;
2169 }
2170
2171 private String chompLeadingDot(final String str) {
2172 if (str.startsWith(".")) {
2173 return str.substring(1);
2174 }
2175 return str;
2176 }
2177
2178 /**
2179 * Gets a copy of an instance level internal array.
2180 *
2181 * @param table the array type (any of the enum values).
2182 * @return a copy of the array.
2183 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the table type is unexpected, for example, GENERIC_RO.
2184 * @since 1.7
2185 */
2186 public String[] getOverrides(final ArrayType table) {
2187 final String[] array;
2188 switch (table) {
2189 case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS:
2190 array = myCountryCodeTLDsMinus;
2191 break;
2192 case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS:
2193 array = myCountryCodeTLDsPlus;
2194 break;
2195 case GENERIC_MINUS:
2196 array = myGenericTLDsMinus;
2197 break;
2198 case GENERIC_PLUS:
2199 array = myGenericTLDsPlus;
2200 break;
2201 case LOCAL_MINUS:
2202 array = myLocalTLDsMinus;
2203 break;
2204 case LOCAL_PLUS:
2205 array = myLocalTLDsPlus;
2206 break;
2207 default:
2208 throw new IllegalArgumentException(UNEXPECTED_ENUM_VALUE + table);
2209 }
2210 return Arrays.copyOf(array, array.length); // clone the array
2211 }
2212
2213 /**
2214 * Tests whether this instance allow local addresses.
2215 *
2216 * @return true if local addresses are allowed.
2217 * @since 1.7
2218 */
2219 public boolean isAllowLocal() {
2220 return allowLocal;
2221 }
2222
2223 /**
2224 * Tests whether the specified {@link String} parses as a valid domain name with a recognized top-level domain. The parsing is case-insensitive.
2225 *
2226 * @param domain the parameter to check for domain name syntax.
2227 * @return true if the parameter is a valid domain name.
2228 */
2229 public boolean isValid(final String domain) {
2230 if (domain == null) {
2231 return false;
2232 }
2233 final String ascii = unicodeToASCII(domain);
2234 // hosts must be equally reachable via punycode and Unicode
2235 // Unicode is never shorter than punycode, so check punycode
2236 // if domain did not convert, then it will be caught by ASCII
2237 // checks in the regexes below
2238 if (ascii.length() > MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH) {
2239 return false;
2240 }
2241 final String[] groups = domainRegex.match(ascii);
2242 if (groups != null && groups.length > 0) {
2243 return isValidTld(groups[0]);
2244 }
2245 return allowLocal && hostnameRegex.isValid(ascii);
2246 }
2247
2248 /**
2249 * Tests whether the specified {@link String} matches any IANA-defined country code top-level domain. Leading dots are ignored if present. The search is
2250 * case-insensitive.
2251 *
2252 * @param ccTld the parameter to check for country code TLD status, not null.
2253 * @return true if the parameter is a country code TLD.
2254 */
2255 public boolean isValidCountryCodeTld(final String ccTld) {
2256 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(ccTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
2257 return (arrayContains(COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS, key) || arrayContains(myCountryCodeTLDsPlus, key)) && !arrayContains(myCountryCodeTLDsMinus, key);
2258 }
2259
2260 // package protected for unit test access
2261 // must agree with isValid() above
2262 final boolean isValidDomainSyntax(final String domain) {
2263 if (domain == null) {
2264 return false;
2265 }
2266 final String ascii = unicodeToASCII(domain);
2267 // hosts must be equally reachable via punycode and Unicode
2268 // Unicode is never shorter than punycode, so check punycode
2269 // if domain did not convert, then it will be caught by ASCII
2270 // checks in the regexes below
2271 if (ascii.length() > MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH) {
2272 return false;
2273 }
2274 final String[] groups = domainRegex.match(ascii);
2275 return groups != null && groups.length > 0 || hostnameRegex.isValid(ascii);
2276 }
2277
2278 /**
2279 * Tests whether the specified {@link String} matches any IANA-defined generic top-level domain. Leading dots are ignored if present. The search is
2280 * case-insensitive.
2281 *
2282 * @param gTld the parameter to check for generic TLD status, not null.
2283 * @return true if the parameter is a generic TLD.
2284 */
2285 public boolean isValidGenericTld(final String gTld) {
2286 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(gTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
2287 return (arrayContains(GENERIC_TLDS, key) || arrayContains(myGenericTLDsPlus, key)) && !arrayContains(myGenericTLDsMinus, key);
2288 }
2289
2290 /**
2291 * Tests whether the specified {@link String} matches any IANA-defined infrastructure top-level domain. Leading dots are ignored if present. The search is
2292 * case-insensitive.
2293 *
2294 * @param iTld the parameter to check for infrastructure TLD status, not null.
2295 * @return true if the parameter is an infrastructure TLD.
2296 */
2297 public boolean isValidInfrastructureTld(final String iTld) {
2298 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(iTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
2299 return arrayContains(INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS, key);
2300 }
2301
2302 /**
2303 * Tests whether the specified {@link String} matches any widely used "local" domains (localhost or localdomain). Leading dots are ignored if present. The
2304 * search is case-insensitive.
2305 *
2306 * @param lTld the parameter to check for local TLD status, not null.
2307 * @return true if the parameter is a local TLD.
2308 */
2309 public boolean isValidLocalTld(final String lTld) {
2310 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(lTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
2311 return (arrayContains(LOCAL_TLDS, key) || arrayContains(myLocalTLDsPlus, key))
2312 && !arrayContains(myLocalTLDsMinus, key);
2313 }
2314
2315 /**
2316 * Returns true if the specified {@link String} matches any IANA-defined top-level domain. Leading dots are ignored if present. The search is
2317 * case-insensitive.
2318 * <p>
2319 * If allowLocal is true, the TLD is checked using {@link #isValidLocalTld(String)}. The TLD is then checked against
2320 * {@link #isValidInfrastructureTld(String)}, {@link #isValidGenericTld(String)} and {@link #isValidCountryCodeTld(String)}.
2321 * </p>
2322 *
2323 * @param tld the parameter to check for TLD status, not null.
2324 * @return true if the parameter is a TLD.
2325 */
2326 public boolean isValidTld(final String tld) {
2327 if (allowLocal && isValidLocalTld(tld)) {
2328 return true;
2329 }
2330 return isValidInfrastructureTld(tld)
2331 || isValidGenericTld(tld)
2332 || isValidCountryCodeTld(tld);
2333 }
2334 }