1 /*
2 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
3 * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
4 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
5 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
6 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
7 * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
8 *
9 * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
10 *
11 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
12 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
13 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
14 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
15 * limitations under the License.
16 */
17 package org.apache.commons.validator.routines;
18
19 import java.io.Serializable;
20 import java.net.IDN;
21 import java.util.Arrays;
22 import java.util.List;
23 import java.util.Locale;
24
25 /**
26 * <p><strong>Domain name</strong> validation routines.</p>
27 *
28 * <p>
29 * This validator provides methods for validating Internet domain names
30 * and top-level domains.
31 * </p>
32 *
33 * <p>Domain names are evaluated according
34 * to the standards <a href="https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1034.txt">RFC1034</a>,
35 * section 3, and <a href="https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1123.txt">RFC1123</a>,
36 * section 2.1. No accommodation is provided for the specialized needs of
37 * other applications; if the domain name has been URL-encoded, for example,
38 * validation will fail even though the equivalent plaintext version of the
39 * same name would have passed.
40 * </p>
41 *
42 * <p>
43 * Validation is also provided for top-level domains (TLDs) as defined and
44 * maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA):
45 * </p>
46 *
47 * <ul>
48 * <li>{@link #isValidInfrastructureTld} - validates infrastructure TLDs
49 * ({@code .arpa}, etc.)</li>
50 * <li>{@link #isValidGenericTld} - validates generic TLDs
51 * ({@code .com, .org}, etc.)</li>
52 * <li>{@link #isValidCountryCodeTld} - validates country code TLDs
53 * ({@code .us, .uk, .cn}, etc.)</li>
54 * </ul>
55 *
56 * <p>
57 * (<strong>NOTE</strong>: This class does not provide IP address lookup for domain names or
58 * methods to ensure that a given domain name matches a specific IP; see
59 * {@link java.net.InetAddress} for that functionality.)
60 * </p>
61 *
62 * @since 1.4
63 */
64 public class DomainValidator implements Serializable {
65
66 /**
67 * Enum used by {@link DomainValidator#updateTLDOverride(ArrayType, String[])}
68 * to determine which override array to update / fetch
69 * @since 1.5.0
70 * @since 1.5.1 made public and added read-only array references
71 */
72 public enum ArrayType {
73 /** Update (or get a copy of) the GENERIC_TLDS_PLUS table containing additional generic TLDs */
74 GENERIC_PLUS,
75 /** Update (or get a copy of) the GENERIC_TLDS_MINUS table containing deleted generic TLDs */
76 GENERIC_MINUS,
77 /** Update (or get a copy of) the COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS_PLUS table containing additional country code TLDs */
78 COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS,
79 /** Update (or get a copy of) the COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS_MINUS table containing deleted country code TLDs */
80 COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS,
81 /** Gets a copy of the generic TLDS table */
82 GENERIC_RO,
83 /** Gets a copy of the country code table */
84 COUNTRY_CODE_RO,
85 /** Gets a copy of the infrastructure table */
86 INFRASTRUCTURE_RO,
87 /** Gets a copy of the local table */
88 LOCAL_RO,
89 /**
90 * Update (or get a copy of) the LOCAL_TLDS_PLUS table containing additional local TLDs
91 * @since 1.7
92 */
93 LOCAL_PLUS,
94 /**
95 * Update (or get a copy of) the LOCAL_TLDS_MINUS table containing deleted local TLDs
96 * @since 1.7
97 */
98 LOCAL_MINUS
99 ;
100 }
101
102 private static class IDNBUGHOLDER {
103 private static final boolean IDN_TOASCII_PRESERVES_TRAILING_DOTS = keepsTrailingDot();
104 private static boolean keepsTrailingDot() {
105 final String input = "a."; // must be a valid name
106 return input.equals(IDN.toASCII(input));
107 }
108 }
109
110 /**
111 * Specifies overrides when creating a new class.
112 *
113 * @since 1.7
114 */
115 public static class Item {
116 final ArrayType type;
117 final String[] values;
118
119 /**
120 * Constructs a new instance.
121 * @param type ArrayType, for example, GENERIC_PLUS, LOCAL_PLUS
122 * @param values array of TLDs. Will be lower-cased and sorted
123 */
124 public Item(final ArrayType type, final String... values) {
125 this.type = type;
126 this.values = values; // no need to copy here
127 }
128 }
129
130 // Regular expression strings for hostnames (derived from RFC2396 and RFC 1123)
131
132 private static class LazyHolder { // IODH
133
134 /**
135 * Singleton instance of this validator, which
136 * doesn't consider local addresses as valid.
137 */
138 private static final DomainValidator DOMAIN_VALIDATOR = new DomainValidator(false);
139
140 /**
141 * Singleton instance of this validator, which does
142 * consider local addresses valid.
143 */
144 private static final DomainValidator DOMAIN_VALIDATOR_WITH_LOCAL = new DomainValidator(true);
145
146 }
147
148 /** Maximum allowable length ({@value}) of a domain name */
149 private static final int MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH = 253;
150
151 private static final String[] EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY = {};
152
153 private static final long serialVersionUID = -4407125112880174009L;
154
155 // RFC2396: domainlabel = alphanum | alphanum *( alphanum | "-" ) alphanum
156 // Max 63 characters
157 private static final String DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX = "\\p{Alnum}(?>[\\p{Alnum}-]{0,61}\\p{Alnum})?";
158
159 // RFC2396 toplabel = alpha | alpha *( alphanum | "-" ) alphanum
160 // Max 63 characters
161 private static final String TOP_LABEL_REGEX = "\\p{Alpha}(?>[\\p{Alnum}-]{0,61}\\p{Alnum})?";
162
163 /**
164 * The above instances must only be returned via the getInstance() methods.
165 * This is to ensure that the override data arrays are properly protected.
166 */
167
168 // RFC2396 hostname = *( domainlabel "." ) toplabel [ "." ]
169 // Note that the regex currently requires both a domain label and a top level label, whereas
170 // the RFC does not. This is because the regex is used to detect if a TLD is present.
171 // If the match fails, input is checked against DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX (hostnameRegex)
172 // RFC1123 sec 2.1 allows hostnames to start with a digit
173 private static final String DOMAIN_NAME_REGEX =
174 "^(?:" + DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX + "\\.)+(" + TOP_LABEL_REGEX + ")\\.?$";
175 private static final String UNEXPECTED_ENUM_VALUE = "Unexpected enum value: ";
176
177 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
178 private static final String[] INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS = {
179 "arpa", // internet infrastructure
180 };
181
182 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
183 private static final String[] GENERIC_TLDS = {
184 // Taken from:
185 // Version 2025061000, Last Updated Tue Jun 10 07:07:01 2025 UTC
186 "aaa", // aaa American Automobile Association, Inc.
187 "aarp", // aarp AARP
188 // "abarth", // abarth Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
189 "abb", // abb ABB Ltd
190 "abbott", // abbott Abbott Laboratories, Inc.
191 "abbvie", // abbvie AbbVie Inc.
192 "abc", // abc Disney Enterprises, Inc.
193 "able", // able Able Inc.
194 "abogado", // abogado Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
195 "abudhabi", // abudhabi Abu Dhabi Systems and Information Centre
196 "academy", // academy Half Oaks, LLC
197 "accenture", // accenture Accenture plc
198 "accountant", // accountant dot Accountant Limited
199 "accountants", // accountants Knob Town, LLC
200 "aco", // aco ACO Severin Ahlmann GmbH & Co. KG
201 // "active", // active The Active Network, Inc
202 "actor", // actor United TLD Holdco Ltd.
203 // "adac", // adac Allgemeiner Deutscher Automobil-Club e.V. (ADAC)
204 "ads", // ads Charleston Road Registry Inc.
205 "adult", // adult ICM Registry AD LLC
206 "aeg", // aeg Aktiebolaget Electrolux
207 "aero", // aero Societe Internationale de Telecommunications Aeronautique (SITA INC USA)
208 "aetna", // aetna Aetna Life Insurance Company
209 // "afamilycompany", // afamilycompany Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
210 "afl", // afl Australian Football League
211 "africa", // africa ZA Central Registry NPC trading as Registry.Africa
212 "agakhan", // agakhan Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation)
213 "agency", // agency Steel Falls, LLC
214 "aig", // aig American International Group, Inc.
215 // "aigo", // aigo aigo Digital Technology Co,Ltd. [Not assigned as of Jul 25]
216 "airbus", // airbus Airbus S.A.S.
217 "airforce", // airforce United TLD Holdco Ltd.
218 "airtel", // airtel Bharti Airtel Limited
219 "akdn", // akdn Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation)
220 // "alfaromeo", // alfaromeo Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
221 "alibaba", // alibaba Alibaba Group Holding Limited
222 "alipay", // alipay Alibaba Group Holding Limited
223 "allfinanz", // allfinanz Allfinanz Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft
224 "allstate", // allstate Allstate Fire and Casualty Insurance Company
225 "ally", // ally Ally Financial Inc.
226 "alsace", // alsace REGION D ALSACE
227 "alstom", // alstom ALSTOM
228 "amazon", // amazon Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
229 "americanexpress", // americanexpress American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.
230 "americanfamily", // americanfamily AmFam, Inc.
231 "amex", // amex American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.
232 "amfam", // amfam AmFam, Inc.
233 "amica", // amica Amica Mutual Insurance Company
234 "amsterdam", // amsterdam Gemeente Amsterdam
235 "analytics", // analytics Campus IP LLC
236 "android", // android Charleston Road Registry Inc.
237 "anquan", // anquan QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.
238 "anz", // anz Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited
239 "aol", // aol AOL Inc.
240 "apartments", // apartments June Maple, LLC
241 "app", // app Charleston Road Registry Inc.
242 "apple", // apple Apple Inc.
243 "aquarelle", // aquarelle Aquarelle.com
244 "arab", // arab League of Arab States
245 "aramco", // aramco Aramco Services Company
246 "archi", // archi STARTING DOT LIMITED
247 "army", // army United TLD Holdco Ltd.
248 "art", // art UK Creative Ideas Limited
249 "arte", // arte Association Relative à la Télévision Européenne G.E.I.E.
250 "asda", // asda Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
251 "asia", // asia DotAsia Organisation Ltd.
252 "associates", // associates Baxter Hill, LLC
253 "athleta", // athleta The Gap, Inc.
254 "attorney", // attorney United TLD Holdco, Ltd
255 "auction", // auction United TLD HoldCo, Ltd.
256 "audi", // audi AUDI Aktiengesellschaft
257 "audible", // audible Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
258 "audio", // audio Uniregistry, Corp.
259 "auspost", // auspost Australian Postal Corporation
260 "author", // author Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
261 "auto", // auto Uniregistry, Corp.
262 "autos", // autos DERAutos, LLC
263 // "avianca", // avianca Aerovias del Continente Americano S.A. Avianca
264 "aws", // aws Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
265 "axa", // axa AXA SA
266 "azure", // azure Microsoft Corporation
267 "baby", // baby Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc.
268 "baidu", // baidu Baidu, Inc.
269 "banamex", // banamex Citigroup Inc.
270 // "bananarepublic", // bananarepublic The Gap, Inc.
271 "band", // band United TLD Holdco, Ltd
272 "bank", // bank fTLD Registry Services, LLC
273 "bar", // bar Punto 2012 Sociedad Anonima Promotora de Inversion de Capital Variable
274 "barcelona", // barcelona Municipi de Barcelona
275 "barclaycard", // barclaycard Barclays Bank PLC
276 "barclays", // barclays Barclays Bank PLC
277 "barefoot", // barefoot Gallo Vineyards, Inc.
278 "bargains", // bargains Half Hallow, LLC
279 "baseball", // baseball MLB Advanced Media DH, LLC
280 "basketball", // basketball Fédération Internationale de Basketball (FIBA)
281 "bauhaus", // bauhaus Werkhaus GmbH
282 "bayern", // bayern Bayern Connect GmbH
283 "bbc", // bbc British Broadcasting Corporation
284 "bbt", // bbt BB&T Corporation
285 "bbva", // bbva BANCO BILBAO VIZCAYA ARGENTARIA, S.A.
286 "bcg", // bcg The Boston Consulting Group, Inc.
287 "bcn", // bcn Municipi de Barcelona
288 "beats", // beats Beats Electronics, LLC
289 "beauty", // beauty L'Oréal
290 "beer", // beer Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
291 // "bentley", // bentley Bentley Motors Limited
292 "berlin", // berlin dotBERLIN GmbH & Co. KG
293 "best", // best BestTLD Pty Ltd
294 "bestbuy", // bestbuy BBY Solutions, Inc.
295 "bet", // bet Afilias plc
296 "bharti", // bharti Bharti Enterprises (Holding) Private Limited
297 "bible", // bible American Bible Society
298 "bid", // bid dot Bid Limited
299 "bike", // bike Grand Hollow, LLC
300 "bing", // bing Microsoft Corporation
301 "bingo", // bingo Sand Cedar, LLC
302 "bio", // bio STARTING DOT LIMITED
303 "biz", // biz Neustar, Inc.
304 "black", // black Afilias Limited
305 "blackfriday", // blackfriday Uniregistry, Corp.
306 // "blanco", // blanco BLANCO GmbH + Co KG
307 "blockbuster", // blockbuster Dish DBS Corporation
308 "blog", // blog Knock Knock WHOIS There, LLC
309 "bloomberg", // bloomberg Bloomberg IP Holdings LLC
310 "blue", // blue Afilias Limited
311 "bms", // bms Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
312 "bmw", // bmw Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft
313 // "bnl", // bnl Banca Nazionale del Lavoro
314 "bnpparibas", // bnpparibas BNP Paribas
315 "boats", // boats DERBoats, LLC
316 "boehringer", // boehringer Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH
317 "bofa", // bofa NMS Services, Inc.
318 "bom", // bom Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br
319 "bond", // bond Bond University Limited
320 "boo", // boo Charleston Road Registry Inc.
321 "book", // book Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
322 "booking", // booking Booking.com B.V.
323 // "boots", // boots THE BOOTS COMPANY PLC
324 "bosch", // bosch Robert Bosch GMBH
325 "bostik", // bostik Bostik SA
326 "boston", // boston Boston TLD Management, LLC
327 "bot", // bot Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
328 "boutique", // boutique Over Galley, LLC
329 "box", // box NS1 Limited
330 "bradesco", // bradesco Banco Bradesco S.A.
331 "bridgestone", // bridgestone Bridgestone Corporation
332 "broadway", // broadway Celebrate Broadway, Inc.
333 "broker", // broker DOTBROKER REGISTRY LTD
334 "brother", // brother Brother Industries, Ltd.
335 "brussels", // brussels DNS.be vzw
336 // "budapest", // budapest Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
337 // "bugatti", // bugatti Bugatti International SA
338 "build", // build Plan Bee LLC
339 "builders", // builders Atomic Madison, LLC
340 "business", // business Spring Cross, LLC
341 "buy", // buy Amazon Registry Services, INC
342 "buzz", // buzz DOTSTRATEGY CO.
343 "bzh", // bzh Association www.bzh
344 "cab", // cab Half Sunset, LLC
345 "cafe", // cafe Pioneer Canyon, LLC
346 "cal", // cal Charleston Road Registry Inc.
347 "call", // call Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
348 "calvinklein", // calvinklein PVH gTLD Holdings LLC
349 "cam", // cam AC Webconnecting Holding B.V.
350 "camera", // camera Atomic Maple, LLC
351 "camp", // camp Delta Dynamite, LLC
352 // "cancerresearch", // cancerresearch Australian Cancer Research Foundation
353 "canon", // canon Canon Inc.
354 "capetown", // capetown ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry
355 "capital", // capital Delta Mill, LLC
356 "capitalone", // capitalone Capital One Financial Corporation
357 "car", // car Cars Registry Limited
358 "caravan", // caravan Caravan International, Inc.
359 "cards", // cards Foggy Hollow, LLC
360 "care", // care Goose Cross, LLC
361 "career", // career dotCareer LLC
362 "careers", // careers Wild Corner, LLC
363 "cars", // cars Uniregistry, Corp.
364 // "cartier", // cartier Richemont DNS Inc.
365 "casa", // casa Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
366 "case", // case CNH Industrial N.V.
367 // "caseih", // caseih CNH Industrial N.V.
368 "cash", // cash Delta Lake, LLC
369 "casino", // casino Binky Sky, LLC
370 "cat", // cat Fundacio puntCAT
371 "catering", // catering New Falls. LLC
372 "catholic", // catholic Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication)
373 "cba", // cba COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA
374 "cbn", // cbn The Christian Broadcasting Network, Inc.
375 "cbre", // cbre CBRE, Inc.
376 // "cbs", // cbs CBS Domains Inc.
377 // "ceb", // ceb The Corporate Executive Board Company
378 "center", // center Tin Mill, LLC
379 "ceo", // ceo CEOTLD Pty Ltd
380 "cern", // cern European Organization for Nuclear Research ("CERN")
381 "cfa", // cfa CFA Institute
382 "cfd", // cfd DOTCFD REGISTRY LTD
383 "chanel", // chanel Chanel International B.V.
384 "channel", // channel Charleston Road Registry Inc.
385 "charity", // charity Corn Lake, LLC
386 "chase", // chase JPMorgan Chase & Co.
387 "chat", // chat Sand Fields, LLC
388 "cheap", // cheap Sand Cover, LLC
389 "chintai", // chintai CHINTAI Corporation
390 // "chloe", // chloe Richemont DNS Inc. (Not assigned)
391 "christmas", // christmas Uniregistry, Corp.
392 "chrome", // chrome Charleston Road Registry Inc.
393 // "chrysler", // chrysler FCA US LLC.
394 "church", // church Holly Fileds, LLC
395 "cipriani", // cipriani Hotel Cipriani Srl
396 "circle", // circle Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
397 "cisco", // cisco Cisco Technology, Inc.
398 "citadel", // citadel Citadel Domain LLC
399 "citi", // citi Citigroup Inc.
400 "citic", // citic CITIC Group Corporation
401 "city", // city Snow Sky, LLC
402 // "cityeats", // cityeats Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
403 "claims", // claims Black Corner, LLC
404 "cleaning", // cleaning Fox Shadow, LLC
405 "click", // click Uniregistry, Corp.
406 "clinic", // clinic Goose Park, LLC
407 "clinique", // clinique The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.
408 "clothing", // clothing Steel Lake, LLC
409 "cloud", // cloud ARUBA S.p.A.
410 "club", // club .CLUB DOMAINS, LLC
411 "clubmed", // clubmed Club Méditerranée S.A.
412 "coach", // coach Koko Island, LLC
413 "codes", // codes Puff Willow, LLC
414 "coffee", // coffee Trixy Cover, LLC
415 "college", // college XYZ.COM LLC
416 "cologne", // cologne NetCologne Gesellschaft für Telekommunikation mbH
417 "com", // com VeriSign Global Registry Services
418 // "comcast", // comcast Comcast IP Holdings I, LLC
419 "commbank", // commbank COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA
420 "community", // community Fox Orchard, LLC
421 "company", // company Silver Avenue, LLC
422 "compare", // compare iSelect Ltd
423 "computer", // computer Pine Mill, LLC
424 "comsec", // comsec VeriSign, Inc.
425 "condos", // condos Pine House, LLC
426 "construction", // construction Fox Dynamite, LLC
427 "consulting", // consulting United TLD Holdco, LTD.
428 "contact", // contact Top Level Spectrum, Inc.
429 "contractors", // contractors Magic Woods, LLC
430 "cooking", // cooking Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
431 // "cookingchannel", // cookingchannel Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
432 "cool", // cool Koko Lake, LLC
433 "coop", // coop DotCooperation LLC
434 "corsica", // corsica Collectivité Territoriale de Corse
435 "country", // country Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
436 "coupon", // coupon Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
437 "coupons", // coupons Black Island, LLC
438 "courses", // courses OPEN UNIVERSITIES AUSTRALIA PTY LTD
439 "cpa", // cpa American Institute of Certified Public Accountants
440 "credit", // credit Snow Shadow, LLC
441 "creditcard", // creditcard Binky Frostbite, LLC
442 "creditunion", // creditunion CUNA Performance Resources, LLC
443 "cricket", // cricket dot Cricket Limited
444 "crown", // crown Crown Equipment Corporation
445 "crs", // crs Federated Co-operatives Limited
446 "cruise", // cruise Viking River Cruises (Bermuda) Ltd.
447 "cruises", // cruises Spring Way, LLC
448 // "csc", // csc Alliance-One Services, Inc.
449 "cuisinella", // cuisinella SALM S.A.S.
450 "cymru", // cymru Nominet UK
451 "cyou", // cyou Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd.
452 // "dabur", // dabur Dabur India Limited
453 "dad", // dad Charleston Road Registry Inc.
454 "dance", // dance United TLD Holdco Ltd.
455 "data", // data Dish DBS Corporation
456 "date", // date dot Date Limited
457 "dating", // dating Pine Fest, LLC
458 "datsun", // datsun NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD.
459 "day", // day Charleston Road Registry Inc.
460 "dclk", // dclk Charleston Road Registry Inc.
461 "dds", // dds Minds + Machines Group Limited
462 "deal", // deal Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
463 "dealer", // dealer Dealer Dot Com, Inc.
464 "deals", // deals Sand Sunset, LLC
465 "degree", // degree United TLD Holdco, Ltd
466 "delivery", // delivery Steel Station, LLC
467 "dell", // dell Dell Inc.
468 "deloitte", // deloitte Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu
469 "delta", // delta Delta Air Lines, Inc.
470 "democrat", // democrat United TLD Holdco Ltd.
471 "dental", // dental Tin Birch, LLC
472 "dentist", // dentist United TLD Holdco, Ltd
473 "desi", // desi Desi Networks LLC
474 "design", // design Top Level Design, LLC
475 "dev", // dev Charleston Road Registry Inc.
476 "dhl", // dhl Deutsche Post AG
477 "diamonds", // diamonds John Edge, LLC
478 "diet", // diet Uniregistry, Corp.
479 "digital", // digital Dash Park, LLC
480 "direct", // direct Half Trail, LLC
481 "directory", // directory Extra Madison, LLC
482 "discount", // discount Holly Hill, LLC
483 "discover", // discover Discover Financial Services
484 "dish", // dish Dish DBS Corporation
485 "diy", // diy Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
486 "dnp", // dnp Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd.
487 "docs", // docs Charleston Road Registry Inc.
488 "doctor", // doctor Brice Trail, LLC
489 // "dodge", // dodge FCA US LLC.
490 "dog", // dog Koko Mill, LLC
491 // "doha", // doha Communications Regulatory Authority (CRA)
492 "domains", // domains Sugar Cross, LLC
493 // "doosan", // doosan Doosan Corporation (retired)
494 "dot", // dot Dish DBS Corporation
495 "download", // download dot Support Limited
496 "drive", // drive Charleston Road Registry Inc.
497 "dtv", // dtv Dish DBS Corporation
498 "dubai", // dubai Dubai Smart Government Department
499 // "duck", // duck Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
500 "dunlop", // dunlop The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company
501 // "duns", // duns The Dun & Bradstreet Corporation
502 "dupont", // dupont E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company
503 "durban", // durban ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry
504 "dvag", // dvag Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG
505 "dvr", // dvr Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation
506 "earth", // earth Interlink Co., Ltd.
507 "eat", // eat Charleston Road Registry Inc.
508 "eco", // eco Big Room Inc.
509 "edeka", // edeka EDEKA Verband kaufmännischer Genossenschaften e.V.
510 "edu", // edu EDUCAUSE
511 "education", // education Brice Way, LLC
512 "email", // email Spring Madison, LLC
513 "emerck", // emerck Merck KGaA
514 "energy", // energy Binky Birch, LLC
515 "engineer", // engineer United TLD Holdco Ltd.
516 "engineering", // engineering Romeo Canyon
517 "enterprises", // enterprises Snow Oaks, LLC
518 // "epost", // epost Deutsche Post AG
519 "epson", // epson Seiko Epson Corporation
520 "equipment", // equipment Corn Station, LLC
521 "ericsson", // ericsson Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson
522 "erni", // erni ERNI Group Holding AG
523 "esq", // esq Charleston Road Registry Inc.
524 "estate", // estate Trixy Park, LLC
525 // "esurance", // esurance Esurance Insurance Company (not assigned as at Version 2020062100)
526 // "etisalat", // etisalat Emirates Telecommunic
527 "eurovision", // eurovision European Broadcasting Union (EBU)
528 "eus", // eus Puntueus Fundazioa
529 "events", // events Pioneer Maple, LLC
530 // "everbank", // everbank EverBank
531 "exchange", // exchange Spring Falls, LLC
532 "expert", // expert Magic Pass, LLC
533 "exposed", // exposed Victor Beach, LLC
534 "express", // express Sea Sunset, LLC
535 "extraspace", // extraspace Extra Space Storage LLC
536 "fage", // fage Fage International S.A.
537 "fail", // fail Atomic Pipe, LLC
538 "fairwinds", // fairwinds FairWinds Partners, LLC
539 "faith", // faith dot Faith Limited
540 "family", // family United TLD Holdco Ltd.
541 "fan", // fan Asiamix Digital Ltd
542 "fans", // fans Asiamix Digital Limited
543 "farm", // farm Just Maple, LLC
544 "farmers", // farmers Farmers Insurance Exchange
545 "fashion", // fashion Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
546 "fast", // fast Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
547 "fedex", // fedex Federal Express Corporation
548 "feedback", // feedback Top Level Spectrum, Inc.
549 "ferrari", // ferrari Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
550 "ferrero", // ferrero Ferrero Trading Lux S.A.
551 // "fiat", // fiat Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
552 "fidelity", // fidelity Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC
553 "fido", // fido Rogers Communications Canada Inc.
554 "film", // film Motion Picture Domain Registry Pty Ltd
555 "final", // final Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br
556 "finance", // finance Cotton Cypress, LLC
557 "financial", // financial Just Cover, LLC
558 "fire", // fire Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
559 "firestone", // firestone Bridgestone Corporation
560 "firmdale", // firmdale Firmdale Holdings Limited
561 "fish", // fish Fox Woods, LLC
562 "fishing", // fishing Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
563 "fit", // fit Minds + Machines Group Limited
564 "fitness", // fitness Brice Orchard, LLC
565 "flickr", // flickr Yahoo! Domain Services Inc.
566 "flights", // flights Fox Station, LLC
567 "flir", // flir FLIR Systems, Inc.
568 "florist", // florist Half Cypress, LLC
569 "flowers", // flowers Uniregistry, Corp.
570 // "flsmidth", // flsmidth FLSmidth A/S retired 2016-07-22
571 "fly", // fly Charleston Road Registry Inc.
572 "foo", // foo Charleston Road Registry Inc.
573 "food", // food Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
574 // "foodnetwork", // foodnetwork Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
575 "football", // football Foggy Farms, LLC
576 "ford", // ford Ford Motor Company
577 "forex", // forex DOTFOREX REGISTRY LTD
578 "forsale", // forsale United TLD Holdco, LLC
579 "forum", // forum Fegistry, LLC
580 "foundation", // foundation John Dale, LLC
581 "fox", // fox FOX Registry, LLC
582 "free", // free Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
583 "fresenius", // fresenius Fresenius Immobilien-Verwaltungs-GmbH
584 "frl", // frl FRLregistry B.V.
585 "frogans", // frogans OP3FT
586 // "frontdoor", // frontdoor Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
587 "frontier", // frontier Frontier Communications Corporation
588 "ftr", // ftr Frontier Communications Corporation
589 "fujitsu", // fujitsu Fujitsu Limited
590 // "fujixerox", // fujixerox Xerox DNHC LLC
591 "fun", // fun DotSpace, Inc.
592 "fund", // fund John Castle, LLC
593 "furniture", // furniture Lone Fields, LLC
594 "futbol", // futbol United TLD Holdco, Ltd.
595 "fyi", // fyi Silver Tigers, LLC
596 "gal", // gal Asociación puntoGAL
597 "gallery", // gallery Sugar House, LLC
598 "gallo", // gallo Gallo Vineyards, Inc.
599 "gallup", // gallup Gallup, Inc.
600 "game", // game Uniregistry, Corp.
601 "games", // games United TLD Holdco Ltd.
602 "gap", // gap The Gap, Inc.
603 "garden", // garden Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
604 "gay", // gay Top Level Design, LLC
605 "gbiz", // gbiz Charleston Road Registry Inc.
606 "gdn", // gdn Joint Stock Company "Navigation-information systems"
607 "gea", // gea GEA Group Aktiengesellschaft
608 "gent", // gent COMBELL GROUP NV/SA
609 "genting", // genting Resorts World Inc. Pte. Ltd.
610 "george", // george Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
611 "ggee", // ggee GMO Internet, Inc.
612 "gift", // gift Uniregistry, Corp.
613 "gifts", // gifts Goose Sky, LLC
614 "gives", // gives United TLD Holdco Ltd.
615 "giving", // giving Giving Limited
616 // "glade", // glade Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
617 "glass", // glass Black Cover, LLC
618 "gle", // gle Charleston Road Registry Inc.
619 "global", // global Dot Global Domain Registry Limited
620 "globo", // globo Globo Comunicação e Participações S.A
621 "gmail", // gmail Charleston Road Registry Inc.
622 "gmbh", // gmbh Extra Dynamite, LLC
623 "gmo", // gmo GMO Internet, Inc.
624 "gmx", // gmx 1&1 Mail & Media GmbH
625 "godaddy", // godaddy Go Daddy East, LLC
626 "gold", // gold June Edge, LLC
627 "goldpoint", // goldpoint YODOBASHI CAMERA CO.,LTD.
628 "golf", // golf Lone Falls, LLC
629 "goo", // goo NTT Resonant Inc.
630 // "goodhands", // goodhands Allstate Fire and Casualty Insurance Company
631 "goodyear", // goodyear The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company
632 "goog", // goog Charleston Road Registry Inc.
633 "google", // google Charleston Road Registry Inc.
634 "gop", // gop Republican State Leadership Committee, Inc.
635 "got", // got Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
636 "gov", // gov General Services Administration Attn: QTDC, 2E08 (.gov Domain Registration)
637 "grainger", // grainger Grainger Registry Services, LLC
638 "graphics", // graphics Over Madison, LLC
639 "gratis", // gratis Pioneer Tigers, LLC
640 "green", // green Afilias Limited
641 "gripe", // gripe Corn Sunset, LLC
642 "grocery", // grocery Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
643 "group", // group Romeo Town, LLC
644 // "guardian", // guardian The Guardian Life Insurance Company of America
645 "gucci", // gucci Guccio Gucci S.p.a.
646 "guge", // guge Charleston Road Registry Inc.
647 "guide", // guide Snow Moon, LLC
648 "guitars", // guitars Uniregistry, Corp.
649 "guru", // guru Pioneer Cypress, LLC
650 "hair", // hair L'Oreal
651 "hamburg", // hamburg Hamburg Top-Level-Domain GmbH
652 "hangout", // hangout Charleston Road Registry Inc.
653 "haus", // haus United TLD Holdco, LTD.
654 "hbo", // hbo HBO Registry Services, Inc.
655 "hdfc", // hdfc HOUSING DEVELOPMENT FINANCE CORPORATION LIMITED
656 "hdfcbank", // hdfcbank HDFC Bank Limited
657 "health", // health DotHealth, LLC
658 "healthcare", // healthcare Silver Glen, LLC
659 "help", // help Uniregistry, Corp.
660 "helsinki", // helsinki City of Helsinki
661 "here", // here Charleston Road Registry Inc.
662 "hermes", // hermes Hermes International
663 // "hgtv", // hgtv Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
664 "hiphop", // hiphop Uniregistry, Corp.
665 "hisamitsu", // hisamitsu Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical Co.,Inc.
666 "hitachi", // hitachi Hitachi, Ltd.
667 "hiv", // hiv dotHIV gemeinnuetziger e.V.
668 "hkt", // hkt PCCW-HKT DataCom Services Limited
669 "hockey", // hockey Half Willow, LLC
670 "holdings", // holdings John Madison, LLC
671 "holiday", // holiday Goose Woods, LLC
672 "homedepot", // homedepot Homer TLC, Inc.
673 "homegoods", // homegoods The TJX Companies, Inc.
674 "homes", // homes DERHomes, LLC
675 "homesense", // homesense The TJX Companies, Inc.
676 "honda", // honda Honda Motor Co., Ltd.
677 // "honeywell", // honeywell Honeywell GTLD LLC
678 "horse", // horse Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
679 "hospital", // hospital Ruby Pike, LLC
680 "host", // host DotHost Inc.
681 "hosting", // hosting Uniregistry, Corp.
682 "hot", // hot Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
683 // "hoteles", // hoteles Travel Reservations SRL
684 "hotels", // hotels Booking.com B.V.
685 "hotmail", // hotmail Microsoft Corporation
686 "house", // house Sugar Park, LLC
687 "how", // how Charleston Road Registry Inc.
688 "hsbc", // hsbc HSBC Holdings PLC
689 // "htc", // htc HTC corporation (Not assigned)
690 "hughes", // hughes Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation
691 "hyatt", // hyatt Hyatt GTLD, L.L.C.
692 "hyundai", // hyundai Hyundai Motor Company
693 "ibm", // ibm International Business Machines Corporation
694 "icbc", // icbc Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited
695 "ice", // ice IntercontinentalExchange, Inc.
696 "icu", // icu One.com A/S
697 "ieee", // ieee IEEE Global LLC
698 "ifm", // ifm ifm electronic gmbh
699 // "iinet", // iinet Connect West Pty. Ltd. (Retired)
700 "ikano", // ikano Ikano S.A.
701 "imamat", // imamat Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation)
702 "imdb", // imdb Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
703 "immo", // immo Auburn Bloom, LLC
704 "immobilien", // immobilien United TLD Holdco Ltd.
705 "inc", // inc Intercap Holdings Inc.
706 "industries", // industries Outer House, LLC
707 "infiniti", // infiniti NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD.
708 "info", // info Afilias Limited
709 "ing", // ing Charleston Road Registry Inc.
710 "ink", // ink Top Level Design, LLC
711 "institute", // institute Outer Maple, LLC
712 "insurance", // insurance fTLD Registry Services LLC
713 "insure", // insure Pioneer Willow, LLC
714 "int", // int Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
715 // "intel", // intel Intel Corporation
716 "international", // international Wild Way, LLC
717 "intuit", // intuit Intuit Administrative Services, Inc.
718 "investments", // investments Holly Glen, LLC
719 "ipiranga", // ipiranga Ipiranga Produtos de Petroleo S.A.
720 "irish", // irish Dot-Irish LLC
721 // "iselect", // iselect iSelect Ltd
722 "ismaili", // ismaili Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation)
723 "ist", // ist Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality
724 "istanbul", // istanbul Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality / Medya A.S.
725 "itau", // itau Itau Unibanco Holding S.A.
726 "itv", // itv ITV Services Limited
727 // "iveco", // iveco CNH Industrial N.V.
728 // "iwc", // iwc Richemont DNS Inc.
729 "jaguar", // jaguar Jaguar Land Rover Ltd
730 "java", // java Oracle Corporation
731 "jcb", // jcb JCB Co., Ltd.
732 // "jcp", // jcp JCP Media, Inc.
733 "jeep", // jeep FCA US LLC.
734 "jetzt", // jetzt New TLD Company AB
735 "jewelry", // jewelry Wild Bloom, LLC
736 "jio", // jio Affinity Names, Inc.
737 // "jlc", // jlc Richemont DNS Inc.
738 "jll", // jll Jones Lang LaSalle Incorporated
739 "jmp", // jmp Matrix IP LLC
740 "jnj", // jnj Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc.
741 "jobs", // jobs Employ Media LLC
742 "joburg", // joburg ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry
743 "jot", // jot Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
744 "joy", // joy Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
745 "jpmorgan", // jpmorgan JPMorgan Chase & Co.
746 "jprs", // jprs Japan Registry Services Co., Ltd.
747 "juegos", // juegos Uniregistry, Corp.
748 "juniper", // juniper JUNIPER NETWORKS, INC.
749 "kaufen", // kaufen United TLD Holdco Ltd.
750 "kddi", // kddi KDDI CORPORATION
751 "kerryhotels", // kerryhotels Kerry Trading Co. Limited
752 "kerrylogistics", // kerrylogistics Kerry Trading Co. Limited
753 "kerryproperties", // kerryproperties Kerry Trading Co. Limited
754 "kfh", // kfh Kuwait Finance House
755 "kia", // kia KIA MOTORS CORPORATION
756 "kids", // kids DotKids Foundation Limited
757 "kim", // kim Afilias Limited
758 // "kinder", // kinder Ferrero Trading Lux S.A.
759 "kindle", // kindle Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
760 "kitchen", // kitchen Just Goodbye, LLC
761 "kiwi", // kiwi DOT KIWI LIMITED
762 "koeln", // koeln NetCologne Gesellschaft für Telekommunikation mbH
763 "komatsu", // komatsu Komatsu Ltd.
764 "kosher", // kosher Kosher Marketing Assets LLC
765 "kpmg", // kpmg KPMG International Cooperative (KPMG International Genossenschaft)
766 "kpn", // kpn Koninklijke KPN N.V.
767 "krd", // krd KRG Department of Information Technology
768 "kred", // kred KredTLD Pty Ltd
769 "kuokgroup", // kuokgroup Kerry Trading Co. Limited
770 "kyoto", // kyoto Academic Institution: Kyoto Jyoho Gakuen
771 "lacaixa", // lacaixa CAIXA D'ESTALVIS I PENSIONS DE BARCELONA
772 // "ladbrokes", // ladbrokes LADBROKES INTERNATIONAL PLC
773 "lamborghini", // lamborghini Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A.
774 "lamer", // lamer The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.
775 "lancaster", // lancaster LANCASTER
776 // "lancia", // lancia Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
777 // "lancome", // lancome L'Oréal
778 "land", // land Pine Moon, LLC
779 "landrover", // landrover Jaguar Land Rover Ltd
780 "lanxess", // lanxess LANXESS Corporation
781 "lasalle", // lasalle Jones Lang LaSalle Incorporated
782 "lat", // lat ECOM-LAC Federación de Latinoamérica y el Caribe para Internet y el Comercio Electrónico
783 "latino", // latino Dish DBS Corporation
784 "latrobe", // latrobe La Trobe University
785 "law", // law Minds + Machines Group Limited
786 "lawyer", // lawyer United TLD Holdco, Ltd
787 "lds", // lds IRI Domain Management, LLC
788 "lease", // lease Victor Trail, LLC
789 "leclerc", // leclerc A.C.D. LEC Association des Centres Distributeurs Edouard Leclerc
790 "lefrak", // lefrak LeFrak Organization, Inc.
791 "legal", // legal Blue Falls, LLC
792 "lego", // lego LEGO Juris A/S
793 "lexus", // lexus TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION
794 "lgbt", // lgbt Afilias Limited
795 // "liaison", // liaison Liaison Technologies, Incorporated
796 "lidl", // lidl Schwarz Domains und Services GmbH & Co. KG
797 "life", // life Trixy Oaks, LLC
798 "lifeinsurance", // lifeinsurance American Council of Life Insurers
799 "lifestyle", // lifestyle Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
800 "lighting", // lighting John McCook, LLC
801 "like", // like Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
802 "lilly", // lilly Eli Lilly and Company
803 "limited", // limited Big Fest, LLC
804 "limo", // limo Hidden Frostbite, LLC
805 "lincoln", // lincoln Ford Motor Company
806 // "linde", // linde Linde Aktiengesellschaft
807 "link", // link Uniregistry, Corp.
808 "lipsy", // lipsy Lipsy Ltd
809 "live", // live United TLD Holdco Ltd.
810 "living", // living Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
811 // "lixil", // lixil LIXIL Group Corporation
812 "llc", // llc Afilias plc
813 "llp", // llp Dot Registry LLC
814 "loan", // loan dot Loan Limited
815 "loans", // loans June Woods, LLC
816 "locker", // locker Dish DBS Corporation
817 "locus", // locus Locus Analytics LLC
818 // "loft", // loft Annco, Inc.
819 "lol", // lol Uniregistry, Corp.
820 "london", // london Dot London Domains Limited
821 "lotte", // lotte Lotte Holdings Co., Ltd.
822 "lotto", // lotto Afilias Limited
823 "love", // love Merchant Law Group LLP
824 "lpl", // lpl LPL Holdings, Inc.
825 "lplfinancial", // lplfinancial LPL Holdings, Inc.
826 "ltd", // ltd Over Corner, LLC
827 "ltda", // ltda InterNetX Corp.
828 "lundbeck", // lundbeck H. Lundbeck A/S
829 // "lupin", // lupin LUPIN LIMITED
830 "luxe", // luxe Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
831 "luxury", // luxury Luxury Partners LLC
832 // "macys", // macys Macys, Inc.
833 "madrid", // madrid Comunidad de Madrid
834 "maif", // maif Mutuelle Assurance Instituteur France (MAIF)
835 "maison", // maison Victor Frostbite, LLC
836 "makeup", // makeup L'Oréal
837 "man", // man MAN SE
838 "management", // management John Goodbye, LLC
839 "mango", // mango PUNTO FA S.L.
840 "map", // map Charleston Road Registry Inc.
841 "market", // market Unitied TLD Holdco, Ltd
842 "marketing", // marketing Fern Pass, LLC
843 "markets", // markets DOTMARKETS REGISTRY LTD
844 "marriott", // marriott Marriott Worldwide Corporation
845 "marshalls", // marshalls The TJX Companies, Inc.
846 // "maserati", // maserati Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
847 "mattel", // mattel Mattel Sites, Inc.
848 "mba", // mba Lone Hollow, LLC
849 // "mcd", // mcd McDonald’s Corporation (Not assigned)
850 // "mcdonalds", // mcdonalds McDonald’s Corporation (Not assigned)
851 "mckinsey", // mckinsey McKinsey Holdings, Inc.
852 "med", // med Medistry LLC
853 "media", // media Grand Glen, LLC
854 "meet", // meet Afilias Limited
855 "melbourne", // melbourne The Crown in right of the State of Victoria, represented by its Department of State Development, Business and Innovation
856 "meme", // meme Charleston Road Registry Inc.
857 "memorial", // memorial Dog Beach, LLC
858 "men", // men Exclusive Registry Limited
859 "menu", // menu Wedding TLD2, LLC
860 // "meo", // meo PT Comunicacoes S.A.
861 "merckmsd", // merckmsd MSD Registry Holdings, Inc.
862 // "metlife", // metlife MetLife Services and Solutions, LLC
863 "miami", // miami Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
864 "microsoft", // microsoft Microsoft Corporation
865 "mil", // mil DoD Network Information Center
866 "mini", // mini Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft
867 "mint", // mint Intuit Administrative Services, Inc.
868 "mit", // mit Massachusetts Institute of Technology
869 "mitsubishi", // mitsubishi Mitsubishi Corporation
870 "mlb", // mlb MLB Advanced Media DH, LLC
871 "mls", // mls The Canadian Real Estate Association
872 "mma", // mma MMA IARD
873 "mobi", // mobi Afilias Technologies Limited dba dotMobi
874 "mobile", // mobile Dish DBS Corporation
875 // "mobily", // mobily GreenTech Consultancy Company W.L.L.
876 "moda", // moda United TLD Holdco Ltd.
877 "moe", // moe Interlink Co., Ltd.
878 "moi", // moi Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
879 "mom", // mom Uniregistry, Corp.
880 "monash", // monash Monash University
881 "money", // money Outer McCook, LLC
882 "monster", // monster Monster Worldwide, Inc.
883 // "montblanc", // montblanc Richemont DNS Inc. (Not assigned)
884 // "mopar", // mopar FCA US LLC.
885 "mormon", // mormon IRI Domain Management, LLC ("Applicant")
886 "mortgage", // mortgage United TLD Holdco, Ltd
887 "moscow", // moscow Foundation for Assistance for Internet Technologies and Infrastructure Development (FAITID)
888 "moto", // moto Motorola Trademark Holdings, LLC
889 "motorcycles", // motorcycles DERMotorcycles, LLC
890 "mov", // mov Charleston Road Registry Inc.
891 "movie", // movie New Frostbite, LLC
892 // "movistar", // movistar Telefónica S.A.
893 "msd", // msd MSD Registry Holdings, Inc.
894 "mtn", // mtn MTN Dubai Limited
895 // "mtpc", // mtpc Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation (Retired)
896 "mtr", // mtr MTR Corporation Limited
897 "museum", // museum Museum Domain Management Association
898 "music", // music DotMusic Limited
899 // "mutual", // mutual Northwestern Mutual MU TLD Registry, LLC
900 // "mutuelle", // mutuelle Fédération Nationale de la Mutualité Française (Retired)
901 "nab", // nab National Australia Bank Limited
902 // "nadex", // nadex Nadex Domains, Inc
903 "nagoya", // nagoya GMO Registry, Inc.
904 "name", // name VeriSign Information Services, Inc.
905 // "nationwide", // nationwide Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company
906 // "natura", // natura NATURA COSMÉTICOS S.A.
907 "navy", // navy United TLD Holdco Ltd.
908 "nba", // nba NBA REGISTRY, LLC
909 "nec", // nec NEC Corporation
910 "net", // net VeriSign Global Registry Services
911 "netbank", // netbank COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA
912 "netflix", // netflix Netflix, Inc.
913 "network", // network Trixy Manor, LLC
914 "neustar", // neustar NeuStar, Inc.
915 "new", // new Charleston Road Registry Inc.
916 // "newholland", // newholland CNH Industrial N.V.
917 "news", // news United TLD Holdco Ltd.
918 "next", // next Next plc
919 "nextdirect", // nextdirect Next plc
920 "nexus", // nexus Charleston Road Registry Inc.
921 "nfl", // nfl NFL Reg Ops LLC
922 "ngo", // ngo Public Interest Registry
923 "nhk", // nhk Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK)
924 "nico", // nico DWANGO Co., Ltd.
925 "nike", // nike NIKE, Inc.
926 "nikon", // nikon NIKON CORPORATION
927 "ninja", // ninja United TLD Holdco Ltd.
928 "nissan", // nissan NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD.
929 "nissay", // nissay Nippon Life Insurance Company
930 "nokia", // nokia Nokia Corporation
931 // "northwesternmutual", // northwesternmutual Northwestern Mutual Registry, LLC
932 "norton", // norton Symantec Corporation
933 "now", // now Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
934 "nowruz", // nowruz Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
935 "nowtv", // nowtv Starbucks (HK) Limited
936 "nra", // nra NRA Holdings Company, INC.
937 "nrw", // nrw Minds + Machines GmbH
938 "ntt", // ntt NIPPON TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE CORPORATION
939 "nyc", // nyc The City of New York by and through the New York City Department of Information Technology & Telecommunications
940 "obi", // obi OBI Group Holding SE & Co. KGaA
941 "observer", // observer Top Level Spectrum, Inc.
942 // "off", // off Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
943 "office", // office Microsoft Corporation
944 "okinawa", // okinawa BusinessRalliart inc.
945 "olayan", // olayan Crescent Holding GmbH
946 "olayangroup", // olayangroup Crescent Holding GmbH
947 // "oldnavy", // oldnavy The Gap, Inc.
948 "ollo", // ollo Dish DBS Corporation
949 "omega", // omega The Swatch Group Ltd
950 "one", // one One.com A/S
951 "ong", // ong Public Interest Registry
952 "onl", // onl I-REGISTRY Ltd., Niederlassung Deutschland
953 "online", // online DotOnline Inc.
954 // "onyourside", // onyourside Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company
955 "ooo", // ooo INFIBEAM INCORPORATION LIMITED
956 "open", // open American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.
957 "oracle", // oracle Oracle Corporation
958 "orange", // orange Orange Brand Services Limited
959 "org", // org Public Interest Registry (PIR)
960 "organic", // organic Afilias Limited
961 // "orientexpress", // orientexpress Orient Express (retired 2017-04-11)
962 "origins", // origins The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.
963 "osaka", // osaka Interlink Co., Ltd.
964 "otsuka", // otsuka Otsuka Holdings Co., Ltd.
965 "ott", // ott Dish DBS Corporation
966 "ovh", // ovh OVH SAS
967 "page", // page Charleston Road Registry Inc.
968 // "pamperedchef", // pamperedchef The Pampered Chef, Ltd. (Not assigned)
969 "panasonic", // panasonic Panasonic Corporation
970 // "panerai", // panerai Richemont DNS Inc.
971 "paris", // paris City of Paris
972 "pars", // pars Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
973 "partners", // partners Magic Glen, LLC
974 "parts", // parts Sea Goodbye, LLC
975 "party", // party Blue Sky Registry Limited
976 // "passagens", // passagens Travel Reservations SRL
977 "pay", // pay Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
978 "pccw", // pccw PCCW Enterprises Limited
979 "pet", // pet Afilias plc
980 "pfizer", // pfizer Pfizer Inc.
981 "pharmacy", // pharmacy National Association of Boards of Pharmacy
982 "phd", // phd Charleston Road Registry Inc.
983 "philips", // philips Koninklijke Philips N.V.
984 "phone", // phone Dish DBS Corporation
985 "photo", // photo Uniregistry, Corp.
986 "photography", // photography Sugar Glen, LLC
987 "photos", // photos Sea Corner, LLC
988 "physio", // physio PhysBiz Pty Ltd
989 // "piaget", // piaget Richemont DNS Inc.
990 "pics", // pics Uniregistry, Corp.
991 "pictet", // pictet Pictet Europe S.A.
992 "pictures", // pictures Foggy Sky, LLC
993 "pid", // pid Top Level Spectrum, Inc.
994 "pin", // pin Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
995 "ping", // ping Ping Registry Provider, Inc.
996 "pink", // pink Afilias Limited
997 "pioneer", // pioneer Pioneer Corporation
998 "pizza", // pizza Foggy Moon, LLC
999 "place", // place Snow Galley, LLC
1000 "play", // play Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1001 "playstation", // playstation Sony Computer Entertainment Inc.
1002 "plumbing", // plumbing Spring Tigers, LLC
1003 "plus", // plus Sugar Mill, LLC
1004 "pnc", // pnc PNC Domain Co., LLC
1005 "pohl", // pohl Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG
1006 "poker", // poker Afilias Domains No. 5 Limited
1007 "politie", // politie Politie Nederland
1008 "porn", // porn ICM Registry PN LLC
1009 "post", // post Universal Postal Union
1010 "pramerica", // pramerica Prudential Financial, Inc.
1011 "praxi", // praxi Praxi S.p.A.
1012 "press", // press DotPress Inc.
1013 "prime", // prime Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1014 "pro", // pro Registry Services Corporation dba RegistryPro
1015 "prod", // prod Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1016 "productions", // productions Magic Birch, LLC
1017 "prof", // prof Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1018 "progressive", // progressive Progressive Casualty Insurance Company
1019 "promo", // promo Afilias plc
1020 "properties", // properties Big Pass, LLC
1021 "property", // property Uniregistry, Corp.
1022 "protection", // protection XYZ.COM LLC
1023 "pru", // pru Prudential Financial, Inc.
1024 "prudential", // prudential Prudential Financial, Inc.
1025 "pub", // pub United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1026 "pwc", // pwc PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
1027 "qpon", // qpon dotCOOL, Inc.
1028 "quebec", // quebec PointQuébec Inc
1029 "quest", // quest Quest ION Limited
1030 // "qvc", // qvc QVC, Inc.
1031 "racing", // racing Premier Registry Limited
1032 "radio", // radio European Broadcasting Union (EBU)
1033 // "raid", // raid Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
1034 "read", // read Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1035 "realestate", // realestate dotRealEstate LLC
1036 "realtor", // realtor Real Estate Domains LLC
1037 "realty", // realty Fegistry, LLC
1038 "recipes", // recipes Grand Island, LLC
1039 "red", // red Afilias Limited
1040 "redstone", // redstone Redstone Haute Couture Co., Ltd.
1041 "redumbrella", // redumbrella Travelers TLD, LLC
1042 "rehab", // rehab United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1043 "reise", // reise Foggy Way, LLC
1044 "reisen", // reisen New Cypress, LLC
1045 "reit", // reit National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, Inc.
1046 "reliance", // reliance Reliance Industries Limited
1047 "ren", // ren Beijing Qianxiang Wangjing Technology Development Co., Ltd.
1048 "rent", // rent XYZ.COM LLC
1049 "rentals", // rentals Big Hollow,LLC
1050 "repair", // repair Lone Sunset, LLC
1051 "report", // report Binky Glen, LLC
1052 "republican", // republican United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1053 "rest", // rest Punto 2012 Sociedad Anonima Promotora de Inversion de Capital Variable
1054 "restaurant", // restaurant Snow Avenue, LLC
1055 "review", // review dot Review Limited
1056 "reviews", // reviews United TLD Holdco, Ltd.
1057 "rexroth", // rexroth Robert Bosch GMBH
1058 "rich", // rich I-REGISTRY Ltd., Niederlassung Deutschland
1059 "richardli", // richardli Pacific Century Asset Management (HK) Limited
1060 "ricoh", // ricoh Ricoh Company, Ltd.
1061 // "rightathome", // rightathome Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. (retired 2020-07-31)
1062 "ril", // ril Reliance Industries Limited
1063 "rio", // rio Empresa Municipal de Informática SA - IPLANRIO
1064 "rip", // rip United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1065 // "rmit", // rmit Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology
1066 // "rocher", // rocher Ferrero Trading Lux S.A.
1067 "rocks", // rocks United TLD Holdco, LTD.
1068 "rodeo", // rodeo Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1069 "rogers", // rogers Rogers Communications Canada Inc.
1070 "room", // room Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1071 "rsvp", // rsvp Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1072 "rugby", // rugby World Rugby Strategic Developments Limited
1073 "ruhr", // ruhr regiodot GmbH & Co. KG
1074 "run", // run Snow Park, LLC
1075 "rwe", // rwe RWE AG
1076 "ryukyu", // ryukyu BusinessRalliart inc.
1077 "saarland", // saarland dotSaarland GmbH
1078 "safe", // safe Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1079 "safety", // safety Safety Registry Services, LLC.
1080 "sakura", // sakura SAKURA Internet Inc.
1081 "sale", // sale United TLD Holdco, Ltd
1082 "salon", // salon Outer Orchard, LLC
1083 "samsclub", // samsclub Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
1084 "samsung", // samsung SAMSUNG SDS CO., LTD
1085 "sandvik", // sandvik Sandvik AB
1086 "sandvikcoromant", // sandvikcoromant Sandvik AB
1087 "sanofi", // sanofi Sanofi
1088 "sap", // sap SAP AG
1089 // "sapo", // sapo PT Comunicacoes S.A.
1090 "sarl", // sarl Delta Orchard, LLC
1091 "sas", // sas Research IP LLC
1092 "save", // save Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1093 "saxo", // saxo Saxo Bank A/S
1094 "sbi", // sbi STATE BANK OF INDIA
1095 "sbs", // sbs SPECIAL BROADCASTING SERVICE CORPORATION
1096 // "sca", // sca SVENSKA CELLULOSA AKTIEBOLAGET SCA (publ)
1097 "scb", // scb The Siam Commercial Bank Public Company Limited ("SCB")
1098 "schaeffler", // schaeffler Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG
1099 "schmidt", // schmidt SALM S.A.S.
1100 "scholarships", // scholarships Scholarships.com, LLC
1101 "school", // school Little Galley, LLC
1102 "schule", // schule Outer Moon, LLC
1103 "schwarz", // schwarz Schwarz Domains und Services GmbH & Co. KG
1104 "science", // science dot Science Limited
1105 // "scjohnson", // scjohnson Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
1106 // "scor", // scor SCOR SE (not assigned as at Version 2020062100)
1107 "scot", // scot Dot Scot Registry Limited
1108 "search", // search Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1109 "seat", // seat SEAT, S.A. (Sociedad Unipersonal)
1110 "secure", // secure Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1111 "security", // security XYZ.COM LLC
1112 "seek", // seek Seek Limited
1113 "select", // select iSelect Ltd
1114 "sener", // sener Sener Ingeniería y Sistemas, S.A.
1115 "services", // services Fox Castle, LLC
1116 // "ses", // ses SES
1117 "seven", // seven Seven West Media Ltd
1118 "sew", // sew SEW-EURODRIVE GmbH & Co KG
1119 "sex", // sex ICM Registry SX LLC
1120 "sexy", // sexy Uniregistry, Corp.
1121 "sfr", // sfr Societe Francaise du Radiotelephone - SFR
1122 "shangrila", // shangrila Shangri‐La International Hotel Management Limited
1123 "sharp", // sharp Sharp Corporation
1124 // "shaw", // shaw Shaw Cablesystems G.P.
1125 "shell", // shell Shell Information Technology International Inc
1126 "shia", // shia Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
1127 "shiksha", // shiksha Afilias Limited
1128 "shoes", // shoes Binky Galley, LLC
1129 "shop", // shop GMO Registry, Inc.
1130 "shopping", // shopping Over Keep, LLC
1131 "shouji", // shouji QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.
1132 "show", // show Snow Beach, LLC
1133 // "showtime", // showtime CBS Domains Inc.
1134 // "shriram", // shriram Shriram Capital Ltd.
1135 "silk", // silk Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1136 "sina", // sina Sina Corporation
1137 "singles", // singles Fern Madison, LLC
1138 "site", // site DotSite Inc.
1139 "ski", // ski STARTING DOT LIMITED
1140 "skin", // skin L'Oréal
1141 "sky", // sky Sky International AG
1142 "skype", // skype Microsoft Corporation
1143 "sling", // sling Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation
1144 "smart", // smart Smart Communications, Inc. (SMART)
1145 "smile", // smile Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1146 "sncf", // sncf SNCF (Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Francais)
1147 "soccer", // soccer Foggy Shadow, LLC
1148 "social", // social United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1149 "softbank", // softbank SoftBank Group Corp.
1150 "software", // software United TLD Holdco, Ltd
1151 "sohu", // sohu Sohu.com Limited
1152 "solar", // solar Ruby Town, LLC
1153 "solutions", // solutions Silver Cover, LLC
1154 "song", // song Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1155 "sony", // sony Sony Corporation
1156 "soy", // soy Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1157 "spa", // spa Asia Spa and Wellness Promotion Council Limited
1158 "space", // space DotSpace Inc.
1159 // "spiegel", // spiegel SPIEGEL-Verlag Rudolf Augstein GmbH & Co. KG
1160 "sport", // sport Global Association of International Sports Federations (GAISF)
1161 "spot", // spot Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1162 // "spreadbetting", // spreadbetting DOTSPREADBETTING REGISTRY LTD
1163 "srl", // srl InterNetX Corp.
1164 // "srt", // srt FCA US LLC.
1165 "stada", // stada STADA Arzneimittel AG
1166 "staples", // staples Staples, Inc.
1167 "star", // star Star India Private Limited
1168 // "starhub", // starhub StarHub Limited
1169 "statebank", // statebank STATE BANK OF INDIA
1170 "statefarm", // statefarm State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company
1171 // "statoil", // statoil Statoil ASA
1172 "stc", // stc Saudi Telecom Company
1173 "stcgroup", // stcgroup Saudi Telecom Company
1174 "stockholm", // stockholm Stockholms kommun
1175 "storage", // storage Self Storage Company LLC
1176 "store", // store DotStore Inc.
1177 "stream", // stream dot Stream Limited
1178 "studio", // studio United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1179 "study", // study OPEN UNIVERSITIES AUSTRALIA PTY LTD
1180 "style", // style Binky Moon, LLC
1181 "sucks", // sucks Vox Populi Registry Ltd.
1182 "supplies", // supplies Atomic Fields, LLC
1183 "supply", // supply Half Falls, LLC
1184 "support", // support Grand Orchard, LLC
1185 "surf", // surf Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1186 "surgery", // surgery Tin Avenue, LLC
1187 "suzuki", // suzuki SUZUKI MOTOR CORPORATION
1188 "swatch", // swatch The Swatch Group Ltd
1189 // "swiftcover", // swiftcover Swiftcover Insurance Services Limited
1190 "swiss", // swiss Swiss Confederation
1191 "sydney", // sydney State of New South Wales, Department of Premier and Cabinet
1192 // "symantec", // symantec Symantec Corporation [Not assigned as of Jul 25]
1193 "systems", // systems Dash Cypress, LLC
1194 "tab", // tab Tabcorp Holdings Limited
1195 "taipei", // taipei Taipei City Government
1196 "talk", // talk Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1197 "taobao", // taobao Alibaba Group Holding Limited
1198 "target", // target Target Domain Holdings, LLC
1199 "tatamotors", // tatamotors Tata Motors Ltd
1200 "tatar", // tatar LLC "Coordination Center of Regional Domain of Tatarstan Republic"
1201 "tattoo", // tattoo Uniregistry, Corp.
1202 "tax", // tax Storm Orchard, LLC
1203 "taxi", // taxi Pine Falls, LLC
1204 "tci", // tci Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
1205 "tdk", // tdk TDK Corporation
1206 "team", // team Atomic Lake, LLC
1207 "tech", // tech Dot Tech LLC
1208 "technology", // technology Auburn Falls, LLC
1209 "tel", // tel Telnic Ltd.
1210 // "telecity", // telecity TelecityGroup International Limited
1211 // "telefonica", // telefonica Telefónica S.A.
1212 "temasek", // temasek Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited
1213 "tennis", // tennis Cotton Bloom, LLC
1214 "teva", // teva Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited
1215 "thd", // thd Homer TLC, Inc.
1216 "theater", // theater Blue Tigers, LLC
1217 "theatre", // theatre XYZ.COM LLC
1218 "tiaa", // tiaa Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America
1219 "tickets", // tickets Accent Media Limited
1220 "tienda", // tienda Victor Manor, LLC
1221 // "tiffany", // tiffany Tiffany and Company
1222 "tips", // tips Corn Willow, LLC
1223 "tires", // tires Dog Edge, LLC
1224 "tirol", // tirol punkt Tirol GmbH
1225 "tjmaxx", // tjmaxx The TJX Companies, Inc.
1226 "tjx", // tjx The TJX Companies, Inc.
1227 "tkmaxx", // tkmaxx The TJX Companies, Inc.
1228 "tmall", // tmall Alibaba Group Holding Limited
1229 "today", // today Pearl Woods, LLC
1230 "tokyo", // tokyo GMO Registry, Inc.
1231 "tools", // tools Pioneer North, LLC
1232 "top", // top Jiangsu Bangning Science & Technology Co.,Ltd.
1233 "toray", // toray Toray Industries, Inc.
1234 "toshiba", // toshiba TOSHIBA Corporation
1235 "total", // total Total SA
1236 "tours", // tours Sugar Station, LLC
1237 "town", // town Koko Moon, LLC
1238 "toyota", // toyota TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION
1239 "toys", // toys Pioneer Orchard, LLC
1240 "trade", // trade Elite Registry Limited
1241 "trading", // trading DOTTRADING REGISTRY LTD
1242 "training", // training Wild Willow, LLC
1243 "travel", // travel Tralliance Registry Management Company, LLC.
1244 // "travelchannel", // travelchannel Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
1245 "travelers", // travelers Travelers TLD, LLC
1246 "travelersinsurance", // travelersinsurance Travelers TLD, LLC
1247 "trust", // trust Artemis Internet Inc
1248 "trv", // trv Travelers TLD, LLC
1249 "tube", // tube Latin American Telecom LLC
1250 "tui", // tui TUI AG
1251 "tunes", // tunes Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1252 "tushu", // tushu Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1253 "tvs", // tvs T V SUNDRAM IYENGAR & SONS PRIVATE LIMITED
1254 "ubank", // ubank National Australia Bank Limited
1255 "ubs", // ubs UBS AG
1256 // "uconnect", // uconnect FCA US LLC.
1257 "unicom", // unicom China United Network Communications Corporation Limited
1258 "university", // university Little Station, LLC
1259 "uno", // uno Dot Latin LLC
1260 "uol", // uol UBN INTERNET LTDA.
1261 "ups", // ups UPS Market Driver, Inc.
1262 "vacations", // vacations Atomic Tigers, LLC
1263 "vana", // vana Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
1264 "vanguard", // vanguard The Vanguard Group, Inc.
1265 "vegas", // vegas Dot Vegas, Inc.
1266 "ventures", // ventures Binky Lake, LLC
1267 "verisign", // verisign VeriSign, Inc.
1268 "versicherung", // versicherung dotversicherung-registry GmbH
1269 "vet", // vet United TLD Holdco, Ltd
1270 "viajes", // viajes Black Madison, LLC
1271 "video", // video United TLD Holdco, Ltd
1272 "vig", // vig VIENNA INSURANCE GROUP AG Wiener Versicherung Gruppe
1273 "viking", // viking Viking River Cruises (Bermuda) Ltd.
1274 "villas", // villas New Sky, LLC
1275 "vin", // vin Holly Shadow, LLC
1276 "vip", // vip Minds + Machines Group Limited
1277 "virgin", // virgin Virgin Enterprises Limited
1278 "visa", // visa Visa Worldwide Pte. Limited
1279 "vision", // vision Koko Station, LLC
1280 // "vista", // vista Vistaprint Limited
1281 // "vistaprint", // vistaprint Vistaprint Limited
1282 "viva", // viva Saudi Telecom Company
1283 "vivo", // vivo Telefonica Brasil S.A.
1284 "vlaanderen", // vlaanderen DNS.be vzw
1285 "vodka", // vodka Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1286 // "volkswagen", // volkswagen Volkswagen Group of America Inc.
1287 "volvo", // volvo Volvo Holding Sverige Aktiebolag
1288 "vote", // vote Monolith Registry LLC
1289 "voting", // voting Valuetainment Corp.
1290 "voto", // voto Monolith Registry LLC
1291 "voyage", // voyage Ruby House, LLC
1292 // "vuelos", // vuelos Travel Reservations SRL
1293 "wales", // wales Nominet UK
1294 "walmart", // walmart Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
1295 "walter", // walter Sandvik AB
1296 "wang", // wang Zodiac Registry Limited
1297 "wanggou", // wanggou Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1298 // "warman", // warman Weir Group IP Limited
1299 "watch", // watch Sand Shadow, LLC
1300 "watches", // watches Richemont DNS Inc.
1301 "weather", // weather The Weather Channel, LLC
1302 "weatherchannel", // weatherchannel The Weather Channel, LLC
1303 "webcam", // webcam dot Webcam Limited
1304 "weber", // weber Saint-Gobain Weber SA
1305 "website", // website DotWebsite Inc.
1306 "wed", // wed Atgron, Inc.
1307 "wedding", // wedding Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1308 "weibo", // weibo Sina Corporation
1309 "weir", // weir Weir Group IP Limited
1310 "whoswho", // whoswho Who's Who Registry
1311 "wien", // wien punkt.wien GmbH
1312 "wiki", // wiki Top Level Design, LLC
1313 "williamhill", // williamhill William Hill Organization Limited
1314 "win", // win First Registry Limited
1315 "windows", // windows Microsoft Corporation
1316 "wine", // wine June Station, LLC
1317 "winners", // winners The TJX Companies, Inc.
1318 "wme", // wme William Morris Endeavor Entertainment, LLC
1319 "wolterskluwer", // wolterskluwer Wolters Kluwer N.V.
1320 "woodside", // woodside Woodside Petroleum Limited
1321 "work", // work Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1322 "works", // works Little Dynamite, LLC
1323 "world", // world Bitter Fields, LLC
1324 "wow", // wow Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1325 "wtc", // wtc World Trade Centers Association, Inc.
1326 "wtf", // wtf Hidden Way, LLC
1327 "xbox", // xbox Microsoft Corporation
1328 "xerox", // xerox Xerox DNHC LLC
1329 // "xfinity", // xfinity Comcast IP Holdings I, LLC
1330 "xihuan", // xihuan QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.
1331 "xin", // xin Elegant Leader Limited
1332 "xn--11b4c3d", // कॉम VeriSign Sarl
1333 "xn--1ck2e1b", // セール Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1334 "xn--1qqw23a", // 佛山 Guangzhou YU Wei Information Technology Co., Ltd.
1335 "xn--30rr7y", // 慈善 Excellent First Limited
1336 "xn--3bst00m", // 集团 Eagle Horizon Limited
1337 "xn--3ds443g", // 在线 TLD REGISTRY LIMITED
1338 // "xn--3oq18vl8pn36a", // 大众汽车 Volkswagen (China) Investment Co., Ltd.
1339 "xn--3pxu8k", // 点看 VeriSign Sarl
1340 "xn--42c2d9a", // คอม VeriSign Sarl
1341 "xn--45q11c", // 八卦 Zodiac Scorpio Limited
1342 "xn--4gbrim", // موقع Suhub Electronic Establishment
1343 "xn--55qw42g", // 公益 China Organizational Name Administration Center
1344 "xn--55qx5d", // 公司 Computer Network Information Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences （China Internet Network Information Center）
1345 "xn--5su34j936bgsg", // 香格里拉 Shangri‐La International Hotel Management Limited
1346 "xn--5tzm5g", // 网站 Global Website TLD Asia Limited
1347 "xn--6frz82g", // 移动 Afilias Limited
1348 "xn--6qq986b3xl", // 我爱你 Tycoon Treasure Limited
1349 "xn--80adxhks", // москва Foundation for Assistance for Internet Technologies and Infrastructure Development (FAITID)
1350 "xn--80aqecdr1a", // католик Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication)
1351 "xn--80asehdb", // онлайн CORE Association
1352 "xn--80aswg", // сайт CORE Association
1353 "xn--8y0a063a", // 联通 China United Network Communications Corporation Limited
1354 "xn--90ae", // бг Imena.BG Plc (NAMES.BG Plc)
1355 "xn--9dbq2a", // קום VeriSign Sarl
1356 "xn--9et52u", // 时尚 RISE VICTORY LIMITED
1357 "xn--9krt00a", // 微博 Sina Corporation
1358 "xn--b4w605ferd", // 淡马锡 Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited
1359 "xn--bck1b9a5dre4c", // ファッション Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1360 "xn--c1avg", // орг Public Interest Registry
1361 "xn--c2br7g", // नेट VeriSign Sarl
1362 "xn--cck2b3b", // ストア Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1363 "xn--cckwcxetd", // アマゾン Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1364 "xn--cg4bki", // 삼성 SAMSUNG SDS CO., LTD
1365 "xn--czr694b", // 商标 HU YI GLOBAL INFORMATION RESOURCES(HOLDING) COMPANY.HONGKONG LIMITED
1366 "xn--czrs0t", // 商店 Wild Island, LLC
1367 "xn--czru2d", // 商城 Zodiac Aquarius Limited
1368 "xn--d1acj3b", // дети The Foundation for Network Initiatives “The Smart Internet”
1369 "xn--eckvdtc9d", // ポイント Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1370 "xn--efvy88h", // 新闻 Xinhua News Agency Guangdong Branch 新华通讯社广东分社
1371 // "xn--estv75g", // 工行 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited
1372 "xn--fct429k", // 家電 Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1373 "xn--fhbei", // كوم VeriSign Sarl
1374 "xn--fiq228c5hs", // 中文网 TLD REGISTRY LIMITED
1375 "xn--fiq64b", // 中信 CITIC Group Corporation
1376 "xn--fjq720a", // 娱乐 Will Bloom, LLC
1377 "xn--flw351e", // 谷歌 Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1378 "xn--fzys8d69uvgm", // 電訊盈科 PCCW Enterprises Limited
1379 "xn--g2xx48c", // 购物 Minds + Machines Group Limited
1380 "xn--gckr3f0f", // クラウド Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1381 "xn--gk3at1e", // 通販 Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1382 "xn--hxt814e", // 网店 Zodiac Libra Limited
1383 "xn--i1b6b1a6a2e", // संगठन Public Interest Registry
1384 "xn--imr513n", // 餐厅 HU YI GLOBAL INFORMATION RESOURCES (HOLDING) COMPANY. HONGKONG LIMITED
1385 "xn--io0a7i", // 网络 Computer Network Information Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences （China Internet Network Information Center）
1386 "xn--j1aef", // ком VeriSign Sarl
1387 "xn--jlq480n2rg", // 亚马逊 Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1388 // "xn--jlq61u9w7b", // 诺基亚 Nokia Corporation
1389 "xn--jvr189m", // 食品 Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1390 "xn--kcrx77d1x4a", // 飞利浦 Koninklijke Philips N.V.
1391 // "xn--kpu716f", // 手表 Richemont DNS Inc. [Not assigned as of Jul 25]
1392 "xn--kput3i", // 手机 Beijing RITT-Net Technology Development Co., Ltd
1393 "xn--mgba3a3ejt", // ارامكو Aramco Services Company
1394 "xn--mgba7c0bbn0a", // العليان Crescent Holding GmbH
1395 // "xn--mgbaakc7dvf", // اتصالات Emirates Telecommunications Corporation (trading as Etisalat)
1396 "xn--mgbab2bd", // بازار CORE Association
1397 // "xn--mgbb9fbpob", // موبايلي GreenTech Consultancy Company W.L.L.
1398 "xn--mgbca7dzdo", // ابوظبي Abu Dhabi Systems and Information Centre
1399 "xn--mgbi4ecexp", // كاثوليك Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication)
1400 "xn--mgbt3dhd", // همراه Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
1401 "xn--mk1bu44c", // 닷컴 VeriSign Sarl
1402 "xn--mxtq1m", // 政府 Net-Chinese Co., Ltd.
1403 "xn--ngbc5azd", // شبكة International Domain Registry Pty. Ltd.
1404 "xn--ngbe9e0a", // بيتك Kuwait Finance House
1405 "xn--ngbrx", // عرب League of Arab States
1406 "xn--nqv7f", // 机构 Public Interest Registry
1407 "xn--nqv7fs00ema", // 组织机构 Public Interest Registry
1408 "xn--nyqy26a", // 健康 Stable Tone Limited
1409 "xn--otu796d", // 招聘 Dot Trademark TLD Holding Company Limited
1410 "xn--p1acf", // рус Rusnames Limited
1411 // "xn--pbt977c", // 珠宝 Richemont DNS Inc. [Not assigned as of Jul 25]
1412 "xn--pssy2u", // 大拿 VeriSign Sarl
1413 "xn--q9jyb4c", // みんな Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1414 "xn--qcka1pmc", // グーグル Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1415 "xn--rhqv96g", // 世界 Stable Tone Limited
1416 "xn--rovu88b", // 書籍 Amazon EU S.à r.l.
1417 "xn--ses554g", // 网址 KNET Co., Ltd
1418 "xn--t60b56a", // 닷넷 VeriSign Sarl
1419 "xn--tckwe", // コム VeriSign Sarl
1420 "xn--tiq49xqyj", // 天主教 Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication)
1421 "xn--unup4y", // 游戏 Spring Fields, LLC
1422 "xn--vermgensberater-ctb", // VERMöGENSBERATER Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG
1423 "xn--vermgensberatung-pwb", // VERMöGENSBERATUNG Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG
1424 "xn--vhquv", // 企业 Dash McCook, LLC
1425 "xn--vuq861b", // 信息 Beijing Tele-info Network Technology Co., Ltd.
1426 "xn--w4r85el8fhu5dnra", // 嘉里大酒店 Kerry Trading Co. Limited
1427 "xn--w4rs40l", // 嘉里 Kerry Trading Co. Limited
1428 "xn--xhq521b", // 广东 Guangzhou YU Wei Information Technology Co., Ltd.
1429 "xn--zfr164b", // 政务 China Organizational Name Administration Center
1430 // "xperia", // xperia Sony Mobile Communications AB
1431 "xxx", // xxx ICM Registry LLC
1432 "xyz", // xyz XYZ.COM LLC
1433 "yachts", // yachts DERYachts, LLC
1434 "yahoo", // yahoo Yahoo! Domain Services Inc.
1435 "yamaxun", // yamaxun Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1436 "yandex", // yandex YANDEX, LLC
1437 "yodobashi", // yodobashi YODOBASHI CAMERA CO.,LTD.
1438 "yoga", // yoga Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1439 "yokohama", // yokohama GMO Registry, Inc.
1440 "you", // you Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1441 "youtube", // youtube Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1442 "yun", // yun QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.
1443 "zappos", // zappos Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1444 "zara", // zara Industria de Diseño Textil, S.A. (INDITEX, S.A.)
1445 "zero", // zero Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1446 "zip", // zip Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1447 // "zippo", // zippo Zadco Company
1448 "zone", // zone Outer Falls, LLC
1449 "zuerich", // zuerich Kanton Zürich (Canton of Zurich)
1450 };
1451
1452 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1453 private static final String[] COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS = {
1454 // Taken from Version 2024040200, Last Updated Tue Apr 2 07:07:02 2024 UTC
1455 "ac", // Ascension Island
1456 "ad", // Andorra
1457 "ae", // United Arab Emirates
1458 "af", // Afghanistan
1459 "ag", // Antigua and Barbuda
1460 "ai", // Anguilla
1461 "al", // Albania
1462 "am", // Armenia
1463 // "an", // Netherlands Antilles (retired)
1464 "ao", // Angola
1465 "aq", // Antarctica
1466 "ar", // Argentina
1467 "as", // American Samoa
1468 "at", // Austria
1469 "au", // Australia (includes Ashmore and Cartier Islands and Coral Sea Islands)
1470 "aw", // Aruba
1471 "ax", // Åland
1472 "az", // Azerbaijan
1473 "ba", // Bosnia and Herzegovina
1474 "bb", // Barbados
1475 "bd", // Bangladesh
1476 "be", // Belgium
1477 "bf", // Burkina Faso
1478 "bg", // Bulgaria
1479 "bh", // Bahrain
1480 "bi", // Burundi
1481 "bj", // Benin
1482 "bm", // Bermuda
1483 "bn", // Brunei Darussalam
1484 "bo", // Bolivia
1485 "br", // Brazil
1486 "bs", // Bahamas
1487 "bt", // Bhutan
1488 "bv", // Bouvet Island
1489 "bw", // Botswana
1490 "by", // Belarus
1491 "bz", // Belize
1492 "ca", // Canada
1493 "cc", // Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1494 "cd", // Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire)
1495 "cf", // Central African Republic
1496 "cg", // Republic of the Congo
1497 "ch", // Switzerland
1498 "ci", // Côte d'Ivoire
1499 "ck", // Cook Islands
1500 "cl", // Chile
1501 "cm", // Cameroon
1502 "cn", // China, mainland
1503 "co", // Colombia
1504 "cr", // Costa Rica
1505 "cu", // Cuba
1506 "cv", // Cape Verde
1507 "cw", // Curaçao
1508 "cx", // Christmas Island
1509 "cy", // Cyprus
1510 "cz", // Czech Republic
1511 "de", // Germany
1512 "dj", // Djibouti
1513 "dk", // Denmark
1514 "dm", // Dominica
1515 "do", // Dominican Republic
1516 "dz", // Algeria
1517 "ec", // Ecuador
1518 "ee", // Estonia
1519 "eg", // Egypt
1520 "er", // Eritrea
1521 "es", // Spain
1522 "et", // Ethiopia
1523 "eu", // European Union
1524 "fi", // Finland
1525 "fj", // Fiji
1526 "fk", // Falkland Islands
1527 "fm", // Federated States of Micronesia
1528 "fo", // Faroe Islands
1529 "fr", // France
1530 "ga", // Gabon
1531 "gb", // Great Britain (United Kingdom)
1532 "gd", // Grenada
1533 "ge", // Georgia
1534 "gf", // French Guiana
1535 "gg", // Guernsey
1536 "gh", // Ghana
1537 "gi", // Gibraltar
1538 "gl", // Greenland
1539 "gm", // The Gambia
1540 "gn", // Guinea
1541 "gp", // Guadeloupe
1542 "gq", // Equatorial Guinea
1543 "gr", // Greece
1544 "gs", // South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
1545 "gt", // Guatemala
1546 "gu", // Guam
1547 "gw", // Guinea-Bissau
1548 "gy", // Guyana
1549 "hk", // Hong Kong
1550 "hm", // Heard Island and McDonald Islands
1551 "hn", // Honduras
1552 "hr", // Croatia (Hrvatska)
1553 "ht", // Haiti
1554 "hu", // Hungary
1555 "id", // Indonesia
1556 "ie", // Ireland (Éire)
1557 "il", // Israel
1558 "im", // Isle of Man
1559 "in", // India
1560 "io", // British Indian Ocean Territory
1561 "iq", // Iraq
1562 "ir", // Iran
1563 "is", // Iceland
1564 "it", // Italy
1565 "je", // Jersey
1566 "jm", // Jamaica
1567 "jo", // Jordan
1568 "jp", // Japan
1569 "ke", // Kenya
1570 "kg", // Kyrgyzstan
1571 "kh", // Cambodia (Khmer)
1572 "ki", // Kiribati
1573 "km", // Comoros
1574 "kn", // Saint Kitts and Nevis
1575 "kp", // North Korea
1576 "kr", // South Korea
1577 "kw", // Kuwait
1578 "ky", // Cayman Islands
1579 "kz", // Kazakhstan
1580 "la", // Laos (currently being marketed as the official domain for Los Angeles)
1581 "lb", // Lebanon
1582 "lc", // Saint Lucia
1583 "li", // Liechtenstein
1584 "lk", // Sri Lanka
1585 "lr", // Liberia
1586 "ls", // Lesotho
1587 "lt", // Lithuania
1588 "lu", // Luxembourg
1589 "lv", // Latvia
1590 "ly", // Libya
1591 "ma", // Morocco
1592 "mc", // Monaco
1593 "md", // Moldova
1594 "me", // Montenegro
1595 "mg", // Madagascar
1596 "mh", // Marshall Islands
1597 "mk", // Republic of Macedonia
1598 "ml", // Mali
1599 "mm", // Myanmar
1600 "mn", // Mongolia
1601 "mo", // Macau
1602 "mp", // Northern Mariana Islands
1603 "mq", // Martinique
1604 "mr", // Mauritania
1605 "ms", // Montserrat
1606 "mt", // Malta
1607 "mu", // Mauritius
1608 "mv", // Maldives
1609 "mw", // Malawi
1610 "mx", // Mexico
1611 "my", // Malaysia
1612 "mz", // Mozambique
1613 "na", // Namibia
1614 "nc", // New Caledonia
1615 "ne", // Niger
1616 "nf", // Norfolk Island
1617 "ng", // Nigeria
1618 "ni", // Nicaragua
1619 "nl", // Netherlands
1620 "no", // Norway
1621 "np", // Nepal
1622 "nr", // Nauru
1623 "nu", // Niue
1624 "nz", // New Zealand
1625 "om", // Oman
1626 "pa", // Panama
1627 "pe", // Peru
1628 "pf", // French Polynesia With Clipperton Island
1629 "pg", // Papua New Guinea
1630 "ph", // Philippines
1631 "pk", // Pakistan
1632 "pl", // Poland
1633 "pm", // Saint-Pierre and Miquelon
1634 "pn", // Pitcairn Islands
1635 "pr", // Puerto Rico
1636 "ps", // Palestinian territories (PA-controlled West Bank and Gaza Strip)
1637 "pt", // Portugal
1638 "pw", // Palau
1639 "py", // Paraguay
1640 "qa", // Qatar
1641 "re", // Réunion
1642 "ro", // Romania
1643 "rs", // Serbia
1644 "ru", // Russia
1645 "rw", // Rwanda
1646 "sa", // Saudi Arabia
1647 "sb", // Solomon Islands
1648 "sc", // Seychelles
1649 "sd", // Sudan
1650 "se", // Sweden
1651 "sg", // Singapore
1652 "sh", // Saint Helena
1653 "si", // Slovenia
1654 "sj", // Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands Not in use (Norwegian dependencies; see .no)
1655 "sk", // Slovakia
1656 "sl", // Sierra Leone
1657 "sm", // San Marino
1658 "sn", // Senegal
1659 "so", // Somalia
1660 "sr", // Suriname
1661 "ss", // ss National Communication Authority (NCA)
1662 "st", // São Tomé and Príncipe
1663 "su", // Soviet Union (deprecated)
1664 "sv", // El Salvador
1665 "sx", // Sint Maarten
1666 "sy", // Syria
1667 "sz", // Swaziland
1668 "tc", // Turks and Caicos Islands
1669 "td", // Chad
1670 "tf", // French Southern and Antarctic Lands
1671 "tg", // Togo
1672 "th", // Thailand
1673 "tj", // Tajikistan
1674 "tk", // Tokelau
1675 "tl", // East Timor (deprecated old code)
1676 "tm", // Turkmenistan
1677 "tn", // Tunisia
1678 "to", // Tonga
1679 // "tp", // East Timor (Retired)
1680 "tr", // Turkey
1681 "tt", // Trinidad and Tobago
1682 "tv", // Tuvalu
1683 "tw", // Taiwan, Republic of China
1684 "tz", // Tanzania
1685 "ua", // Ukraine
1686 "ug", // Uganda
1687 "uk", // United Kingdom
1688 "us", // United States of America
1689 "uy", // Uruguay
1690 "uz", // Uzbekistan
1691 "va", // Vatican City State
1692 "vc", // Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1693 "ve", // Venezuela
1694 "vg", // British Virgin Islands
1695 "vi", // U.S. Virgin Islands
1696 "vn", // Vietnam
1697 "vu", // Vanuatu
1698 "wf", // Wallis and Futuna
1699 "ws", // Samoa (formerly Western Samoa)
1700 "xn--2scrj9c", // ಭಾರತ National Internet eXchange of India
1701 "xn--3e0b707e", // 한국 KISA (Korea Internet & Security Agency)
1702 "xn--3hcrj9c", // ଭାରତ National Internet eXchange of India
1703 "xn--45br5cyl", // ভাৰত National Internet eXchange of India
1704 "xn--45brj9c", // ভারত National Internet Exchange of India
1705 "xn--4dbrk0ce", // ישראל The Israel Internet Association (RA)
1706 "xn--54b7fta0cc", // বাংলা Posts and Telecommunications Division
1707 "xn--80ao21a", // қаз Association of IT Companies of Kazakhstan
1708 "xn--90a3ac", // срб Serbian National Internet Domain Registry (RNIDS)
1709 "xn--90ais", // ??? Reliable Software Inc.
1710 "xn--clchc0ea0b2g2a9gcd", // சிங்கப்பூர் Singapore Network Information Centre (SGNIC) Pte Ltd
1711 "xn--d1alf", // мкд Macedonian Academic Research Network Skopje
1712 "xn--e1a4c", // ею EURid vzw/asbl
1713 "xn--fiqs8s", // 中国 China Internet Network Information Center
1714 "xn--fiqz9s", // 中國 China Internet Network Information Center
1715 "xn--fpcrj9c3d", // భారత్ National Internet Exchange of India
1716 "xn--fzc2c9e2c", // ලංකා LK Domain Registry
1717 "xn--gecrj9c", // ભારત National Internet Exchange of India
1718 "xn--h2breg3eve", // भारतम् National Internet eXchange of India
1719 "xn--h2brj9c", // भारत National Internet Exchange of India
1720 "xn--h2brj9c8c", // भारोत National Internet eXchange of India
1721 "xn--j1amh", // укр Ukrainian Network Information Centre (UANIC), Inc.
1722 "xn--j6w193g", // 香港 Hong Kong Internet Registration Corporation Ltd.
1723 "xn--kprw13d", // 台湾 Taiwan Network Information Center (TWNIC)
1724 "xn--kpry57d", // 台灣 Taiwan Network Information Center (TWNIC)
1725 "xn--l1acc", // мон Datacom Co.,Ltd
1726 "xn--lgbbat1ad8j", // الجزائر CERIST
1727 "xn--mgb9awbf", // عمان Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA)
1728 "xn--mgba3a4f16a", // ایران Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM)
1729 "xn--mgbaam7a8h", // امارات Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA)
1730 "xn--mgbah1a3hjkrd", // موريتانيا Université de Nouakchott Al Aasriya
1731 "xn--mgbai9azgqp6j", // پاکستان National Telecommunication Corporation
1732 "xn--mgbayh7gpa", // الاردن National Information Technology Center (NITC)
1733 "xn--mgbbh1a", // بارت National Internet eXchange of India
1734 "xn--mgbbh1a71e", // بھارت National Internet Exchange of India
1735 "xn--mgbc0a9azcg", // المغرب Agence Nationale de Réglementation des Télécommunications (ANRT)
1736 "xn--mgbcpq6gpa1a", // البحرين Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA)
1737 "xn--mgberp4a5d4ar", // السعودية Communications and Information Technology Commission
1738 "xn--mgbgu82a", // ڀارت National Internet eXchange of India
1739 "xn--mgbpl2fh", // ????? Sudan Internet Society
1740 "xn--mgbtx2b", // عراق Communications and Media Commission (CMC)
1741 "xn--mgbx4cd0ab", // مليسيا MYNIC Berhad
1742 "xn--mix891f", // 澳門 Bureau of Telecommunications Regulation (DSRT)
1743 "xn--node", // გე Information Technologies Development Center (ITDC)
1744 "xn--o3cw4h", // ไทย Thai Network Information Center Foundation
1745 "xn--ogbpf8fl", // سورية National Agency for Network Services (NANS)
1746 "xn--p1ai", // рф Coordination Center for TLD RU
1747 "xn--pgbs0dh", // تونس Agence Tunisienne d'Internet
1748 "xn--q7ce6a", // ລາວ Lao National Internet Center (LANIC)
1749 "xn--qxa6a", // ευ EURid vzw/asbl
1750 "xn--qxam", // ελ ICS-FORTH GR
1751 "xn--rvc1e0am3e", // ഭാരതം National Internet eXchange of India
1752 "xn--s9brj9c", // ਭਾਰਤ National Internet Exchange of India
1753 "xn--wgbh1c", // مصر National Telecommunication Regulatory Authority - NTRA
1754 "xn--wgbl6a", // قطر Communications Regulatory Authority
1755 "xn--xkc2al3hye2a", // இலங்கை LK Domain Registry
1756 "xn--xkc2dl3a5ee0h", // இந்தியா National Internet Exchange of India
1757 "xn--y9a3aq", // ??? Internet Society
1758 "xn--yfro4i67o", // 新加坡 Singapore Network Information Centre (SGNIC) Pte Ltd
1759 "xn--ygbi2ammx", // فلسطين Ministry of Telecom & Information Technology (MTIT)
1760 "ye", // Yemen
1761 "yt", // Mayotte
1762 "za", // South Africa
1763 "zm", // Zambia
1764 "zw", // Zimbabwe
1765 };
1766
1767 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1768 private static final String[] LOCAL_TLDS = {
1769 "localdomain", // Also widely used as localhost.localdomain
1770 "localhost", // RFC2606 defined
1771 };
1772 /*
1773 * This field is used to detect whether the getInstance has been called.
1774 * After this, the method updateTLDOverride is not allowed to be called.
1775 * This field does not need to be volatile since it is only accessed from
1776 * synchronized methods.
1777 */
1778 private static boolean inUse;
1779 /*
1780 * These arrays are mutable.
1781 * They can only be updated by the updateTLDOverride method, and readers must first get an instance
1782 * using the getInstance methods which are all (now) synchronized.
1783 * The only other access is via getTLDEntries which is now synchronized.
1784 */
1785 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1786 private static String[] countryCodeTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
1787 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1788 private static String[] genericTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
1789 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1790 private static String[] countryCodeTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
1791 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1792 private static String[] genericTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
1793
1794 // The constructors are deliberately private to avoid possible problems with unsafe publication.
1795 // It is vital that the static override arrays are not mutable once they have been used in an instance
1796 // The arrays could be copied into the instance variables, however if the static array were changed it could
1797 // result in different settings for the shared default instances
1798
1799 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1800 private static String[] localTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
1801
1802 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1803 private static String[] localTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
1804
1805 /**
1806 * Tests if a sorted array contains the specified key
1807 *
1808 * @param sortedArray the array to search.
1809 * @param key the key to find.
1810 * @return {@code true} if the array contains the key.
1811 */
1812 private static boolean arrayContains(final String[] sortedArray, final String key) {
1813 return Arrays.binarySearch(sortedArray, key) >= 0;
1814 }
1815
1816 /**
1817 * Gets the singleton instance of this validator. It will not consider local addresses as valid.
1818 *
1819 * @return the singleton instance of this validator.
1820 */
1821 public static synchronized DomainValidator getInstance() {
1822 inUse = true;
1823 return LazyHolder.DOMAIN_VALIDATOR;
1824 }
1825
1826 /**
1827 * Gets the singleton instance of this validator, with local validation as required.
1828 *
1829 * @param allowLocal Whether local addresses are considered valid.
1830 * @return the singleton instance of this validator.
1831 */
1832 public static synchronized DomainValidator getInstance(final boolean allowLocal) {
1833 inUse = true;
1834 if (allowLocal) {
1835 return LazyHolder.DOMAIN_VALIDATOR_WITH_LOCAL;
1836 }
1837 return LazyHolder.DOMAIN_VALIDATOR;
1838 }
1839
1840 /**
1841 * Gets a new instance of this validator. The user can provide a list of {@link Item} entries which can be used to override the generic and country code
1842 * lists. Note that any such entries override values provided by the {@link #updateTLDOverride(ArrayType, String[])} method If an entry for a particular
1843 * type is not provided, then the class override (if any) is retained.
1844 *
1845 * @param allowLocal Whether local addresses are considered valid.
1846 * @param items array of {@link Item} entries.
1847 * @return an instance of this validator.
1848 * @since 1.7
1849 */
1850 public static synchronized DomainValidator getInstance(final boolean allowLocal, final List<Item> items) {
1851 inUse = true;
1852 return new DomainValidator(allowLocal, items);
1853 }
1854
1855 /**
1856 * Gets a copy of a class level internal array.
1857 *
1858 * @param table the array type (any of the enum values).
1859 * @return a copy of the array.
1860 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the table type is unexpected (should not happen).
1861 * @since 1.5.1
1862 */
1863 public static synchronized String[] getTLDEntries(final ArrayType table) {
1864 final String[] array;
1865 switch (table) {
1866 case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS:
1867 array = countryCodeTLDsMinus;
1868 break;
1869 case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS:
1870 array = countryCodeTLDsPlus;
1871 break;
1872 case GENERIC_MINUS:
1873 array = genericTLDsMinus;
1874 break;
1875 case GENERIC_PLUS:
1876 array = genericTLDsPlus;
1877 break;
1878 case LOCAL_MINUS:
1879 array = localTLDsMinus;
1880 break;
1881 case LOCAL_PLUS:
1882 array = localTLDsPlus;
1883 break;
1884 case GENERIC_RO:
1885 array = GENERIC_TLDS;
1886 break;
1887 case COUNTRY_CODE_RO:
1888 array = COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS;
1889 break;
1890 case INFRASTRUCTURE_RO:
1891 array = INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS;
1892 break;
1893 case LOCAL_RO:
1894 array = LOCAL_TLDS;
1895 break;
1896 default:
1897 throw new IllegalArgumentException(UNEXPECTED_ENUM_VALUE + table);
1898 }
1899 return Arrays.copyOf(array, array.length); // clone the array
1900 }
1901
1902 /*
1903 * Tests whether input contains only ASCII. Treats null as all ASCII.
1904 */
1905 private static boolean isOnlyASCII(final String input) {
1906 if (input == null) {
1907 return true;
1908 }
1909 for (int i = 0; i < input.length(); i++) {
1910 if (input.charAt(i) > 0x7F) { // CHECKSTYLE IGNORE MagicNumber
1911 return false;
1912 }
1913 }
1914 return true;
1915 }
1916
1917 /**
1918 * Converts potentially Unicode input to punycode. If conversion fails, returns the original input.
1919 *
1920 * @param input the string to convert, not null.
1921 * @return converted input, or original input if conversion fails.
1922 */
1923 // Needed by UrlValidator
1924 static String unicodeToASCII(final String input) {
1925 if (isOnlyASCII(input)) { // skip possibly expensive processing
1926 return input;
1927 }
1928 try {
1929 final String ascii = IDN.toASCII(input);
1930 if (IDNBUGHOLDER.IDN_TOASCII_PRESERVES_TRAILING_DOTS) {
1931 return ascii;
1932 }
1933 final int length = input.length();
1934 if (length == 0) { // check there is a last character
1935 return input;
1936 }
1937 // RFC3490 3.1. 1)
1938 // Whenever dots are used as label separators, the following
1939 // characters MUST be recognized as dots: U+002E (full stop), U+3002
1940 // (ideographic full stop), U+FF0E (fullwidth full stop), U+FF61
1941 // (halfwidth ideographic full stop).
1942 final char lastChar = input.charAt(length - 1); // fetch original last char
1943 switch (lastChar) {
1944 case '\u002E': // "." full stop
1945 case '\u3002': // ideographic full stop
1946 case '\uFF0E': // fullwidth full stop
1947 case '\uFF61': // halfwidth ideographic full stop
1948 return ascii + "."; // restore the missing stop
1949 default:
1950 return ascii;
1951 }
1952 } catch (final IllegalArgumentException e) { // input is not valid
1953 return input;
1954 }
1955 }
1956
1957 /**
1958 * Updates one of the TLD override arrays. This must only be done at program startup, before any instances are accessed using getInstance.
1959 * <p>
1960 * For example:
1961 * </p>
1962 * <p>
1963 * {@code DomainValidator.updateTLDOverride(ArrayType.GENERIC_PLUS, "apache")}
1964 * </p>
1965 * <p>
1966 * To clear an override array, provide an empty array.
1967 * </p>
1968 *
1969 * @param table the table to update, see {@link DomainValidator.ArrayType} Must be one of the following
1970 * <ul>
1971 * <li>COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS</li>
1972 * <li>COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS</li>
1973 * <li>GENERIC_MINUS</li>
1974 * <li>GENERIC_PLUS</li>
1975 * <li>LOCAL_MINUS</li>
1976 * <li>LOCAL_PLUS</li>
1977 * </ul>
1978 * @param tlds the array of TLDs, must not be null.
1979 * @throws IllegalStateException if the method is called after getInstance.
1980 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if one of the read-only tables is requested.
1981 * @since 1.5.0
1982 */
1983 public static synchronized void updateTLDOverride(final ArrayType table, final String... tlds) {
1984 if (inUse) {
1985 throw new IllegalStateException("Can only invoke this method before calling getInstance");
1986 }
1987 final String[] copy = new String[tlds.length];
1988 // Comparisons are always done with lower-case entries
1989 for (int i = 0; i < tlds.length; i++) {
1990 copy[i] = tlds[i].toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH);
1991 }
1992 Arrays.sort(copy);
1993 switch (table) {
1994 case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS:
1995 countryCodeTLDsMinus = copy;
1996 break;
1997 case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS:
1998 countryCodeTLDsPlus = copy;
1999 break;
2000 case GENERIC_MINUS:
2001 genericTLDsMinus = copy;
2002 break;
2003 case GENERIC_PLUS:
2004 genericTLDsPlus = copy;
2005 break;
2006 case LOCAL_MINUS:
2007 localTLDsMinus = copy;
2008 break;
2009 case LOCAL_PLUS:
2010 localTLDsPlus = copy;
2011 break;
2012 case COUNTRY_CODE_RO:
2013 case GENERIC_RO:
2014 case INFRASTRUCTURE_RO:
2015 case LOCAL_RO:
2016 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot update the table: " + table);
2017 default:
2018 throw new IllegalArgumentException(UNEXPECTED_ENUM_VALUE + table);
2019 }
2020 }
2021
2022 /** Whether to allow local overrides. */
2023 private final boolean allowLocal;
2024
2025 // TLDs defined by IANA
2026 // Authoritative and comprehensive list at:
2027 // https://data.iana.org/TLD/tlds-alpha-by-domain.txt
2028
2029 // Note that the above list is in UPPER case.
2030 // The code currently converts strings to lower case (as per the tables below)
2031
2032 // IANA also provide an HTML list at http://www.iana.org/domains/root/db
2033 // Note that this contains several country code entries which are NOT in
2034 // the text file. These all have the "Not assigned" in the "Sponsoring Organisation" column
2035 // For example (as of 2015-01-02):
2036 // .bl country-code Not assigned
2037 // .um country-code Not assigned
2038
2039 /**
2040 * RegexValidator for matching domains.
2041 */
2042 private final RegexValidator domainRegex =
2043 new RegexValidator(DOMAIN_NAME_REGEX);
2044
2045 /**
2046 * RegexValidator for matching a local hostname
2047 */
2048 // RFC1123 sec 2.1 allows hostnames to start with a digit
2049 private final RegexValidator hostnameRegex =
2050 new RegexValidator(DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX);
2051
2052 /** Local override. */
2053 final String[] myCountryCodeTLDsMinus;
2054
2055 /** Local override. */
2056 final String[] myCountryCodeTLDsPlus;
2057
2058 // Additional arrays to supplement or override the built in ones.
2059 // The PLUS arrays are valid keys, the MINUS arrays are invalid keys
2060
2061 /** Local override. */
2062 final String[] myGenericTLDsPlus;
2063
2064 /** Local override. */
2065 final String[] myGenericTLDsMinus;
2066
2067 /** Local override. */
2068 final String[] myLocalTLDsPlus;
2069
2070 /** Local override. */
2071 final String[] myLocalTLDsMinus;
2072
2073 /*
2074 * It is vital that instances are immutable. This is because the default instances are shared.
2075 */
2076
2077 /**
2078 * Private constructor.
2079 */
2080 private DomainValidator(final boolean allowLocal) {
2081 this.allowLocal = allowLocal;
2082 // link to class overrides
2083 myCountryCodeTLDsMinus = countryCodeTLDsMinus;
2084 myCountryCodeTLDsPlus = countryCodeTLDsPlus;
2085 myGenericTLDsPlus = genericTLDsPlus;
2086 myGenericTLDsMinus = genericTLDsMinus;
2087 myLocalTLDsPlus = localTLDsPlus;
2088 myLocalTLDsMinus = localTLDsMinus;
2089 }
2090
2091 /**
2092 * Private constructor, allowing local overrides.
2093 *
2094 * @since 1.7
2095 */
2096 private DomainValidator(final boolean allowLocal, final List<Item> items) {
2097 this.allowLocal = allowLocal;
2098 // default to class overrides
2099 String[] ccMinus = countryCodeTLDsMinus;
2100 String[] ccPlus = countryCodeTLDsPlus;
2101 String[] genMinus = genericTLDsMinus;
2102 String[] genPlus = genericTLDsPlus;
2103 String[] localMinus = localTLDsMinus;
2104 String[] localPlus = localTLDsPlus;
2105 // apply the instance overrides
2106 for (final Item item : items) {
2107 final String[] copy = new String[item.values.length];
2108 // Comparisons are always done with lower-case entries
2109 for (int i = 0; i < item.values.length; i++) {
2110 copy[i] = item.values[i].toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH);
2111 }
2112 Arrays.sort(copy);
2113 switch (item.type) {
2114 case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS: {
2115 ccMinus = copy;
2116 break;
2117 }
2118 case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS: {
2119 ccPlus = copy;
2120 break;
2121 }
2122 case GENERIC_MINUS: {
2123 genMinus = copy;
2124 break;
2125 }
2126 case GENERIC_PLUS: {
2127 genPlus = copy;
2128 break;
2129 }
2130 case LOCAL_MINUS: {
2131 localMinus = copy;
2132 break;
2133 }
2134 case LOCAL_PLUS: {
2135 localPlus = copy;
2136 break;
2137 }
2138 default:
2139 break;
2140 }
2141 }
2142 // init the instance overrides
2143 myCountryCodeTLDsMinus = ccMinus;
2144 myCountryCodeTLDsPlus = ccPlus;
2145 myGenericTLDsMinus = genMinus;
2146 myGenericTLDsPlus = genPlus;
2147 myLocalTLDsMinus = localMinus;
2148 myLocalTLDsPlus = localPlus;
2149 }
2150
2151 private String chompLeadingDot(final String str) {
2152 if (str.startsWith(".")) {
2153 return str.substring(1);
2154 }
2155 return str;
2156 }
2157
2158 /**
2159 * Gets a copy of an instance level internal array.
2160 *
2161 * @param table the array type (any of the enum values).
2162 * @return a copy of the array.
2163 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the table type is unexpected, for example, GENERIC_RO.
2164 * @since 1.7
2165 */
2166 public String[] getOverrides(final ArrayType table) {
2167 final String[] array;
2168 switch (table) {
2169 case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS:
2170 array = myCountryCodeTLDsMinus;
2171 break;
2172 case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS:
2173 array = myCountryCodeTLDsPlus;
2174 break;
2175 case GENERIC_MINUS:
2176 array = myGenericTLDsMinus;
2177 break;
2178 case GENERIC_PLUS:
2179 array = myGenericTLDsPlus;
2180 break;
2181 case LOCAL_MINUS:
2182 array = myLocalTLDsMinus;
2183 break;
2184 case LOCAL_PLUS:
2185 array = myLocalTLDsPlus;
2186 break;
2187 default:
2188 throw new IllegalArgumentException(UNEXPECTED_ENUM_VALUE + table);
2189 }
2190 return Arrays.copyOf(array, array.length); // clone the array
2191 }
2192
2193 /**
2194 * Tests whether this instance allow local addresses.
2195 *
2196 * @return true if local addresses are allowed.
2197 * @since 1.7
2198 */
2199 public boolean isAllowLocal() {
2200 return allowLocal;
2201 }
2202
2203 /**
2204 * Tests whether the specified {@link String} parses as a valid domain name with a recognized top-level domain. The parsing is case-insensitive.
2205 *
2206 * @param domain the parameter to check for domain name syntax.
2207 * @return true if the parameter is a valid domain name.
2208 */
2209 public boolean isValid(final String domain) {
2210 if (domain == null) {
2211 return false;
2212 }
2213 final String ascii = unicodeToASCII(domain);
2214 // hosts must be equally reachable via punycode and Unicode
2215 // Unicode is never shorter than punycode, so check punycode
2216 // if domain did not convert, then it will be caught by ASCII
2217 // checks in the regexes below
2218 if (ascii.length() > MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH) {
2219 return false;
2220 }
2221 final String[] groups = domainRegex.match(ascii);
2222 if (groups != null && groups.length > 0) {
2223 return isValidTld(groups[0]);
2224 }
2225 return allowLocal && hostnameRegex.isValid(ascii);
2226 }
2227
2228 /**
2229 * Tests whether the specified {@link String} matches any IANA-defined country code top-level domain. Leading dots are ignored if present. The search is
2230 * case-insensitive.
2231 *
2232 * @param ccTld the parameter to check for country code TLD status, not null.
2233 * @return true if the parameter is a country code TLD.
2234 */
2235 public boolean isValidCountryCodeTld(final String ccTld) {
2236 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(ccTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
2237 return (arrayContains(COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS, key) || arrayContains(myCountryCodeTLDsPlus, key)) && !arrayContains(myCountryCodeTLDsMinus, key);
2238 }
2239
2240 // package protected for unit test access
2241 // must agree with isValid() above
2242 final boolean isValidDomainSyntax(final String domain) {
2243 if (domain == null) {
2244 return false;
2245 }
2246 final String ascii = unicodeToASCII(domain);
2247 // hosts must be equally reachable via punycode and Unicode
2248 // Unicode is never shorter than punycode, so check punycode
2249 // if domain did not convert, then it will be caught by ASCII
2250 // checks in the regexes below
2251 if (ascii.length() > MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH) {
2252 return false;
2253 }
2254 final String[] groups = domainRegex.match(ascii);
2255 return groups != null && groups.length > 0 || hostnameRegex.isValid(ascii);
2256 }
2257
2258 /**
2259 * Tests whether the specified {@link String} matches any IANA-defined generic top-level domain. Leading dots are ignored if present. The search is
2260 * case-insensitive.
2261 *
2262 * @param gTld the parameter to check for generic TLD status, not null.
2263 * @return true if the parameter is a generic TLD.
2264 */
2265 public boolean isValidGenericTld(final String gTld) {
2266 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(gTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
2267 return (arrayContains(GENERIC_TLDS, key) || arrayContains(myGenericTLDsPlus, key)) && !arrayContains(myGenericTLDsMinus, key);
2268 }
2269
2270 /**
2271 * Tests whether the specified {@link String} matches any IANA-defined infrastructure top-level domain. Leading dots are ignored if present. The search is
2272 * case-insensitive.
2273 *
2274 * @param iTld the parameter to check for infrastructure TLD status, not null.
2275 * @return true if the parameter is an infrastructure TLD.
2276 */
2277 public boolean isValidInfrastructureTld(final String iTld) {
2278 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(iTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
2279 return arrayContains(INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS, key);
2280 }
2281
2282 /**
2283 * Tests whether the specified {@link String} matches any widely used "local" domains (localhost or localdomain). Leading dots are ignored if present. The
2284 * search is case-insensitive.
2285 *
2286 * @param lTld the parameter to check for local TLD status, not null.
2287 * @return true if the parameter is a local TLD.
2288 */
2289 public boolean isValidLocalTld(final String lTld) {
2290 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(lTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
2291 return (arrayContains(LOCAL_TLDS, key) || arrayContains(myLocalTLDsPlus, key))
2292 && !arrayContains(myLocalTLDsMinus, key);
2293 }
2294
2295 /**
2296 * Returns true if the specified {@link String} matches any IANA-defined top-level domain. Leading dots are ignored if present. The search is
2297 * case-insensitive.
2298 * <p>
2299 * If allowLocal is true, the TLD is checked using {@link #isValidLocalTld(String)}. The TLD is then checked against
2300 * {@link #isValidInfrastructureTld(String)}, {@link #isValidGenericTld(String)} and {@link #isValidCountryCodeTld(String)}.
2301 * </p>
2302 *
2303 * @param tld the parameter to check for TLD status, not null.
2304 * @return true if the parameter is a TLD.
2305 */
2306 public boolean isValidTld(final String tld) {
2307 if (allowLocal && isValidLocalTld(tld)) {
2308 return true;
2309 }
2310 return isValidInfrastructureTld(tld)
2311 || isValidGenericTld(tld)
2312 || isValidCountryCodeTld(tld);
2313 }
2314 }