/*
    * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
    * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
    * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
    * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
    * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
    * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
    *
    *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
   *
   * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
   * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
   * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
   * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
   * limitations under the License.
   */
  
  package org.apache.commons.configuration2;
  
  import static org.apache.commons.configuration2.TempDirUtils.newFile;
  import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertArrayEquals;
  import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
  import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
  import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertInstanceOf;
  import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
  import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotSame;
  import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNull;
  import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertSame;
  import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
  import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
  
  import java.beans.beancontext.BeanContextServicesSupport;
  import java.beans.beancontext.BeanContextSupport;
  import java.io.BufferedReader;
  import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
  import java.io.File;
  import java.io.FileOutputStream;
  import java.io.FileReader;
  import java.io.FileWriter;
  import java.io.IOException;
  import java.io.InputStream;
  import java.io.OutputStream;
  import java.io.Reader;
  import java.io.StringReader;
  import java.io.StringWriter;
  import java.io.Writer;
  import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
  import java.net.URL;
  import java.net.URLConnection;
  import java.net.URLStreamHandler;
  import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
  import java.nio.file.FileSystems;
  import java.nio.file.Files;
  import java.nio.file.Paths;
  import java.util.ArrayDeque;
  import java.util.ArrayList;
  import java.util.Arrays;
  import java.util.Collection;
  import java.util.Collections;
  import java.util.HashSet;
  import java.util.Iterator;
  import java.util.List;
  import java.util.PriorityQueue;
  import java.util.Properties;
  import java.util.Set;
  import java.util.TreeSet;
  
  import org.apache.commons.collections.IteratorUtils;
  import org.apache.commons.configuration2.SynchronizerTestImpl.Methods;
  import org.apache.commons.configuration2.builder.FileBasedBuilderParametersImpl;
  import org.apache.commons.configuration2.builder.FileBasedConfigurationBuilder;
  import org.apache.commons.configuration2.builder.combined.CombinedConfigurationBuilder;
  import org.apache.commons.configuration2.builder.fluent.Configurations;
  import org.apache.commons.configuration2.builder.fluent.Parameters;
  import org.apache.commons.configuration2.convert.DefaultListDelimiterHandler;
  import org.apache.commons.configuration2.convert.DisabledListDelimiterHandler;
  import org.apache.commons.configuration2.convert.LegacyListDelimiterHandler;
  import org.apache.commons.configuration2.convert.ListDelimiterHandler;
  import org.apache.commons.configuration2.event.ConfigurationEvent;
  import org.apache.commons.configuration2.ex.ConfigurationDeniedException;
  import org.apache.commons.configuration2.ex.ConfigurationException;
  import org.apache.commons.configuration2.io.AbsoluteNameLocationStrategy;
  import org.apache.commons.configuration2.io.BasePathLocationStrategy;
  import org.apache.commons.configuration2.io.ClasspathLocationStrategy;
  import org.apache.commons.configuration2.io.CombinedLocationStrategy;
  import org.apache.commons.configuration2.io.DefaultFileSystem;
  import org.apache.commons.configuration2.io.FileHandler;
  import org.apache.commons.configuration2.io.FileLocatorUtils;
  import org.apache.commons.configuration2.io.FileSystem;
  import org.apache.commons.configuration2.io.FileSystemLocationStrategy;
  import org.apache.commons.configuration2.io.HomeDirectoryLocationStrategy;
  import org.apache.commons.configuration2.io.ProvidedURLLocationStrategy;
  import org.apache.commons.lang3.mutable.MutableObject;
  import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
  import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
  import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
  import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
  import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ValueSource;
  import org.junitpioneer.jupiter.SetSystemProperty;
 
 /**
  * Test for loading and saving properties files.
  */
 public class TestPropertiesConfiguration {
 
     /**
      * A dummy layout implementation for checking whether certain methods are correctly called by the configuration.
      */
     static class DummyLayout extends PropertiesConfigurationLayout {
 
         /** Stores the number how often load() was called. */
         private int loadCalls;
 
         @Override
         public void load(final PropertiesConfiguration config, final Reader in) throws ConfigurationException {
             loadCalls++;
         }
     }
 
     static class ExceptionList implements ConfigurationConsumer<ConfigurationException> {
 
         private final List<ConfigurationException> exceptions = new ArrayList<>();
 
         @Override
         public void accept(final ConfigurationException t) throws ConfigurationException {
             exceptions.add(t);
         }
 
         List<ConfigurationException> getExceptions() {
             return exceptions;
         }
 
     }
 
     /**
      * A mock implementation of a HttpURLConnection used for testing saving to a HTTP server.
      */
     static class MockHttpURLConnection extends HttpURLConnection {
 
         /** The response code to return. */
         private final int returnCode;
 
         /** The output file. The output stream will point to this file. */
         private final File outputFile;
 
         protected MockHttpURLConnection(final URL url, final int respCode, final File outFile) {
             super(url);
             returnCode = respCode;
             outputFile = outFile;
         }
 
         @Override
         public void connect() throws IOException {
         }
 
         @Override
         public void disconnect() {
         }
 
         @Override
         public OutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException {
             return new FileOutputStream(outputFile);
         }
 
         @Override
         public int getResponseCode() throws IOException {
             return returnCode;
         }
 
         @Override
         public boolean usingProxy() {
             return false;
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * A mock stream handler for working with the mock HttpURLConnection.
      */
     static class MockHttpURLStreamHandler extends URLStreamHandler {
 
         /** Stores the response code. */
         private final int responseCode;
 
         /** Stores the output file. */
         private final File outputFile;
 
         /** Stores the connection. */
         private MockHttpURLConnection connection;
 
         public MockHttpURLStreamHandler(final int respCode, final File outFile) {
             responseCode = respCode;
             outputFile = outFile;
         }
 
         public MockHttpURLConnection getMockConnection() {
             return connection;
         }
 
         @Override
         protected URLConnection openConnection(final URL u) throws IOException {
             connection = new MockHttpURLConnection(u, responseCode, outputFile);
             return connection;
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * A test PropertiesReader for testing whether a custom reader can be injected. This implementation creates a
      * configurable number of synthetic test properties.
      */
     private static final class PropertiesReaderTestImpl extends PropertiesConfiguration.PropertiesReader {
 
         /** The number of test properties to be created. */
         private final int maxProperties;
 
         /** The current number of properties. */
         private int propertyCount;
 
         public PropertiesReaderTestImpl(final Reader reader, final int maxProps) {
             super(reader);
             maxProperties = maxProps;
         }
 
         @Override
         public String getPropertyName() {
             return PROP_NAME + propertyCount;
         }
 
         @Override
         public String getPropertyValue() {
             return PROP_VALUE + propertyCount;
         }
 
         @Override
         public boolean nextProperty() throws IOException {
             propertyCount++;
             return propertyCount <= maxProperties;
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * A test PropertiesWriter for testing whether a custom writer can be injected. This implementation simply redirects all
      * output into a test file.
      */
     private static final class PropertiesWriterTestImpl extends PropertiesConfiguration.PropertiesWriter {
         public PropertiesWriterTestImpl(final ListDelimiterHandler handler) throws IOException {
             super(new FileWriter(TEST_SAVE_PROPERTIES_FILE), handler);
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * All URL schemes.
      */
     private static final String ALL_SCHEMES = "file,http,https,jar";
 
     private static final String KEY_SCHEMES = "org.apache.commons.configuration2.io.FileLocationStrategy.schemes";
 
     /** Constant for a test property name. */
     private static final String PROP_NAME = "testProperty";
 
     /** Constant for a test property value. */
     private static final String PROP_VALUE = "value";
 
     /** Constant for the line break character. */
     private static final String CR = System.lineSeparator();
 
     /** The File that we test with */
     private static final String TEST_PROPERTIES = ConfigurationAssert.getTestFile("test.properties").getAbsolutePath();
 
     private static final String TEST_BASE_PATH = ConfigurationAssert.TEST_DIR.getAbsolutePath();
 
     private static final String TEST_BASE_PATH_2 = ConfigurationAssert.TEST_DIR.getParentFile().getAbsolutePath();
 
     private static final File TEST_SAVE_PROPERTIES_FILE = ConfigurationAssert.getOutFile("testsave.properties");
 
     /**
      * Helper method for loading a configuration from a given file.
      *
      * @param pc the configuration to be loaded
      * @param fileName the file name
      * @return the file handler associated with the configuration
      * @throws ConfigurationException if an error occurs
      */
     private static FileHandler load(final PropertiesConfiguration pc, final String fileName) throws ConfigurationException {
         final FileHandler handler = new FileHandler(pc);
         handler.setFileName(fileName);
         handler.load();
         return handler;
     }
 
     /** The configuration to be tested. */
     private PropertiesConfiguration conf;
 
     /** A folder for temporary files. */
     @TempDir
     public File tempFolder;
 
     /**
      * Helper method for testing the content of a list with elements that contain backslashes.
      *
      * @param key the key
      */
     private void checkBackslashList(final String key) {
         final Object prop = conf.getProperty("test." + key);
         final List<?> list = assertInstanceOf(List.class, prop);
         final String prefix = "\\\\" + key;
         assertEquals(Arrays.asList(prefix + "a", prefix + "b"), list);
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether the data of a configuration that was copied into the test configuration is correctly saved.
      *
      * @param copyConf the copied configuration
      * @throws ConfigurationException if an error occurs
      */
     private void checkCopiedConfig(final Configuration copyConf) throws ConfigurationException {
         saveTestConfig();
         final PropertiesConfiguration checkConf = new PropertiesConfiguration();
         load(checkConf, TEST_SAVE_PROPERTIES_FILE.getAbsolutePath());
         for (final Iterator<String> it = copyConf.getKeys(); it.hasNext();) {
             final String key = it.next();
             assertEquals(checkConf.getProperty(key), copyConf.getProperty(key), "Wrong value for property " + key);
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Checks for a property without a value.
      *
      * @param key the key to be checked
      */
     private void checkEmpty(final String key) {
         final String empty = conf.getString(key);
         assertNotNull(empty, "Property not found: " + key);
         assertEquals("", empty, "Wrong value for property " + key);
     }
 
     /**
      * Helper method for testing a saved configuration. Reads in the file using a new instance and compares this instance
      * with the original one.
      *
      * @return the newly created configuration instance
      * @throws ConfigurationException if an error occurs
      */
     private PropertiesConfiguration checkSavedConfig() throws ConfigurationException {
         final PropertiesConfiguration checkConfig = new PropertiesConfiguration();
         checkConfig.setListDelimiterHandler(new LegacyListDelimiterHandler(','));
         load(checkConfig, TEST_SAVE_PROPERTIES_FILE.getAbsolutePath());
         ConfigurationAssert.assertConfigurationEquals(conf, checkConfig);
         return checkConfig;
     }
 
     private void reinitLocationStrategy() {
         conf.initFileLocator(FileLocatorUtils.fileLocator(conf.getLocator()).locationStrategy(FileLocatorUtils.newDefaultLocationStrategy()).create());
     }
 
     /**
      * Saves the test configuration to a default output file.
      *
      * @throws ConfigurationException if an error occurs
      */
     private void saveTestConfig() throws ConfigurationException {
         final FileHandler handler = new FileHandler(conf);
         handler.save(TEST_SAVE_PROPERTIES_FILE);
     }
 
     @BeforeEach
     public void setUp() throws Exception {
         conf = new PropertiesConfiguration();
         conf.setListDelimiterHandler(new LegacyListDelimiterHandler(','));
         load(conf, TEST_PROPERTIES);
         // remove the test save file if it exists
         if (TEST_SAVE_PROPERTIES_FILE.exists()) {
             assertTrue(TEST_SAVE_PROPERTIES_FILE.delete());
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Creates a configuration that can be used for testing copy operations.
      *
      * @return the configuration to be copied
      */
     private Configuration setUpCopyConfig() {
         final int count = 25;
         final Configuration result = new BaseConfiguration();
         for (int i = 1; i <= count; i++) {
             result.addProperty("copyKey" + i, "copyValue" + i);
         }
         return result;
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests if properties can be appended by simply calling load() another time.
      */
     @Test
     void testAppend() throws Exception {
         final File file2 = ConfigurationAssert.getTestFile("threesome.properties");
         final FileHandler handler = new FileHandler(conf);
         handler.load(file2);
         assertEquals("aaa", conf.getString("test.threesome.one"));
         assertEquals("true", conf.getString("configuration.loaded"));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests appending a configuration to the test configuration. Again it has to be ensured that the layout object is
      * correctly updated.
      */
     @Test
     void testAppendAndSave() throws ConfigurationException {
         final Configuration copyConf = setUpCopyConfig();
         conf.append(copyConf);
         checkCopiedConfig(copyConf);
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether backslashes are correctly handled if lists are parsed. This test is related to CONFIGURATION-418.
      */
     @Test
     void testBackslashEscapingInLists() throws Exception {
         checkBackslashList("share2");
         checkBackslashList("share1");
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether another list delimiter character can be set (by using an alternative list delimiter handler).
      */
     @Test
     void testChangingListDelimiter() throws Exception {
         assertEquals("a^b^c", conf.getString("test.other.delimiter"));
         final PropertiesConfiguration pc2 = new PropertiesConfiguration();
         pc2.setListDelimiterHandler(new DefaultListDelimiterHandler('^'));
         load(pc2, TEST_PROPERTIES);
         assertEquals("a", pc2.getString("test.other.delimiter"));
         assertEquals(3, pc2.getList("test.other.delimiter").size());
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether a clear() operation clears the footer comment.
      */
     @Test
     void testClearFooterComment() {
         conf.clear();
         assertNull(conf.getFooter());
         assertNull(conf.getHeader());
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether a properties configuration can be successfully cloned. It is especially checked whether the layout
      * object is taken into account.
      */
     @Test
     void testClone() throws ConfigurationException {
         final PropertiesConfiguration copy = (PropertiesConfiguration) conf.clone();
         assertNotSame(conf.getLayout(), copy.getLayout());
         assertEquals(1, conf.getEventListeners(ConfigurationEvent.ANY).size());
         assertEquals(1, copy.getEventListeners(ConfigurationEvent.ANY).size());
         assertSame(conf.getLayout(), conf.getEventListeners(ConfigurationEvent.ANY).iterator().next());
         assertSame(copy.getLayout(), copy.getEventListeners(ConfigurationEvent.ANY).iterator().next());
         final StringWriter outConf = new StringWriter();
         new FileHandler(conf).save(outConf);
         final StringWriter outCopy = new StringWriter();
         new FileHandler(copy).save(outCopy);
         assertEquals(outConf.toString(), outCopy.toString());
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests the clone() method when no layout object exists yet.
      */
     @Test
     void testCloneNullLayout() {
         conf = new PropertiesConfiguration();
         final PropertiesConfiguration copy = (PropertiesConfiguration) conf.clone();
         assertNotSame(conf.getLayout(), copy.getLayout());
     }
 
     /**
      * Test if the lines starting with # or ! are properly ignored.
      */
     @Test
     void testComment() {
         assertFalse(conf.containsKey("#comment"));
         assertFalse(conf.containsKey("!comment"));
     }
 
     private Collection<?> testCompress840(final Iterable<?> object) {
         final PropertiesConfiguration configuration = new PropertiesConfiguration();
         final ListDelimiterHandler listDelimiterHandler = configuration.getListDelimiterHandler();
         listDelimiterHandler.flatten(object, 0);
         // Stack overflow:
         listDelimiterHandler.flatten(object, 1);
         listDelimiterHandler.flatten(object, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
         listDelimiterHandler.parse(object);
         configuration.addProperty("foo", object);
         configuration.toString();
         return listDelimiterHandler.flatten(object, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
     }
 
     @ParameterizedTest
     @ValueSource(ints = { 0, 2, 4, 8, 16 })
     void testCompress840ArrayList(final int size) {
         final ArrayList<Object> object = new ArrayList<>();
         for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
             object.add(i);
         }
         final Collection<?> result = testCompress840(object);
         assertNotNull(result);
         assertEquals(size, result.size());
         assertEquals(object, result);
     }
 
     @ParameterizedTest
     @ValueSource(ints = { 0, 2, 4, 8, 16 })
     void testCompress840ArrayListCycle(final int size) {
         final ArrayList<Object> object = new ArrayList<>();
         for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
             object.add(i);
             object.add(object);
             object.add(new ArrayList<>(object));
         }
         final Collection<?> result = testCompress840(object);
         assertNotNull(result);
         assertEquals(size, result.size());
         object.add(object);
         testCompress840(object);
     }
 
     @Test
     void testCompress840BeanContextServicesSupport() {
         testCompress840(new BeanContextServicesSupport());
         testCompress840(new BeanContextServicesSupport(new BeanContextServicesSupport()));
         final BeanContextSupport bcs = new BeanContextSupport();
         final BeanContextServicesSupport bcss = new BeanContextServicesSupport();
         bcs.add(FileSystems.getDefault().getPath("bar"));
         bcss.add(bcs);
         testCompress840(bcss);
         bcss.add(FileSystems.getDefault().getPath("bar"));
         testCompress840(bcss);
         bcss.add(bcss);
         testCompress840(bcss);
     }
 
     @Test
     void testCompress840BeanContextSupport() {
         testCompress840(new BeanContextSupport());
         testCompress840(new BeanContextSupport(new BeanContextSupport()));
         final BeanContextSupport bcs = new BeanContextSupport();
         bcs.add(FileSystems.getDefault().getPath("bar"));
         testCompress840(bcs);
         bcs.add(bcs);
         testCompress840(bcs);
     }
 
     @ParameterizedTest
     @ValueSource(ints = { 0, 2, 4, 8, 16 })
     void testCompress840Exception(final int size) {
         final ArrayList<Object> object = new ArrayList<>();
         final Exception bottom = new Exception();
         object.add(bottom);
         Exception top = bottom;
         for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
             object.add(i);
             top = new Exception(top);
             object.add(top);
         }
         if (bottom != top) {
             // direct self-causation is not allowed.
             bottom.initCause(top);
         }
         final Collection<?> result = testCompress840(object);
         assertNotNull(result);
         assertEquals(size * 2 + 1, result.size());
         assertEquals(object, result);
     }
 
     @ParameterizedTest
     @ValueSource(ints = { 0, 2, 4, 8, 16 })
     void testCompress840Path(final int size) {
         final PriorityQueue<Object> object = new PriorityQueue<>();
         for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
             object.add(FileSystems.getDefault().getPath("foo"));
             object.add(FileSystems.getDefault().getPath("foo", "bar"));
         }
         testCompress840(object);
     }
 
     @ParameterizedTest
     @ValueSource(ints = { 0, 2, 4, 8, 16 })
     void testCompress840PriorityQueue(final int size) {
         final PriorityQueue<Object> object = new PriorityQueue<>();
         for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
             object.add(FileSystems.getDefault().getPath("foo"));
         }
         testCompress840(object);
     }
 
     @Test
     void testConfiguration() throws ConfigurationException {
         final Configurations configManager = new Configurations();
         final Configuration config = configManager.properties("src/test/resources/config/test.properties");
 
         assertTrue(config.containsValue("jndivalue2"));
         assertFalse(config.containsValue("notFound"));
         assertFalse(config.containsValue(null));
         assertFalse(config.containsValue(""));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests copying another configuration into the test configuration. This test ensures that the layout object is informed
      * about the newly added properties.
      */
     @Test
     void testCopyAndSave() throws ConfigurationException {
         final Configuration copyConf = setUpCopyConfig();
         conf.copy(copyConf);
         checkCopiedConfig(copyConf);
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether include files can be disabled.
      */
     @Test
     void testDisableIncludes() throws ConfigurationException, IOException {
         final String content = PropertiesConfiguration.getInclude() + " = nonExistingIncludeFile" + CR + PROP_NAME + " = " + PROP_VALUE + CR;
         final StringReader in = new StringReader(content);
         conf = new PropertiesConfiguration();
         conf.setIncludesAllowed(false);
         conf.read(in);
         assertEquals(PROP_VALUE, conf.getString(PROP_NAME));
     }
 
     @Test
     void testDisableListDelimiter() throws Exception {
         assertEquals(4, conf.getList("test.mixed.array").size());
 
         final PropertiesConfiguration pc2 = new PropertiesConfiguration();
         load(pc2, TEST_PROPERTIES);
         assertEquals(2, pc2.getList("test.mixed.array").size());
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests that empty properties are treated as the empty string (rather than as null).
      */
     @Test
     void testEmpty() {
         checkEmpty("test.empty");
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests that properties are detected that do not have a separator and a value.
      */
     @Test
     void testEmptyNoSeparator() {
         checkEmpty("test.empty2");
     }
 
     @Test
     void testEscapedKey() throws Exception {
         conf.clear();
         final FileHandler handler = new FileHandler(conf);
         handler.load(new StringReader("\\u0066\\u006f\\u006f=bar"));
 
         assertEquals("bar", conf.getString("foo"));
     }
 
     /**
      * Check that key/value separators can be part of a key.
      */
     @Test
     void testEscapedKeyValueSeparator() {
         assertEquals("foo", conf.getProperty("test.separator=in.key"));
         assertEquals("bar", conf.getProperty("test.separator:in.key"));
         assertEquals("foo", conf.getProperty("test.separator\tin.key"));
         assertEquals("bar", conf.getProperty("test.separator\fin.key"));
         assertEquals("foo", conf.getProperty("test.separator in.key"));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests the escaping of quotation marks in a properties value. This test is related to CONFIGURATION-516.
      */
     @Test
     void testEscapeQuote() throws ConfigurationException {
         conf.clear();
         final String text = "\"Hello World!\"";
         conf.setProperty(PROP_NAME, text);
         final StringWriter out = new StringWriter();
         new FileHandler(conf).save(out);
         assertTrue(out.toString().contains(text));
         saveTestConfig();
         final PropertiesConfiguration c2 = new PropertiesConfiguration();
         load(c2, TEST_SAVE_PROPERTIES_FILE.getAbsolutePath());
         assertEquals(text, c2.getString(PROP_NAME));
     }
 
     /**
      * Test the creation of a file containing a '#' in its name.
      */
     @Test
     void testFileWithSharpSymbol() throws Exception {
         final File file = newFile("sharp#1.properties", tempFolder);
 
         final PropertiesConfiguration conf = new PropertiesConfiguration();
         final FileHandler handler = new FileHandler(conf);
         handler.setFile(file);
         handler.load();
         handler.save();
 
         assertTrue(file.exists());
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether read access to the footer comment is synchronized.
      */
     @Test
     void testGetFooterSynchronized() {
         final SynchronizerTestImpl sync = new SynchronizerTestImpl();
         conf.setSynchronizer(sync);
         assertNotNull(conf.getFooter());
         sync.verify(Methods.BEGIN_READ, Methods.END_READ);
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether read access to the header comment is synchronized.
      */
     @Test
     void testGetHeaderSynchronized() {
         final SynchronizerTestImpl sync = new SynchronizerTestImpl();
         conf.setSynchronizer(sync);
         assertNull(conf.getHeader());
         sync.verify(Methods.BEGIN_READ, Methods.END_READ);
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether a default IOFactory is set.
      */
     @Test
     void testGetIOFactoryDefault() {
         assertNotNull(conf.getIOFactory());
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests accessing the layout object.
      */
     @Test
     void testGetLayout() {
         final PropertiesConfigurationLayout layout = conf.getLayout();
         assertNotNull(layout);
         assertSame(layout, conf.getLayout());
         conf.setLayout(null);
         final PropertiesConfigurationLayout layout2 = conf.getLayout();
         assertNotNull(layout2);
         assertNotSame(layout, layout2);
     }
 
     @Test
     void testGetStringWithEscapedChars() {
         final String property = conf.getString("test.unescape");
         assertEquals("This \n string \t contains \" escaped \\ characters", property);
     }
 
     @Test
     void testGetStringWithEscapedComma() {
         final String property = conf.getString("test.unescape.list-separator");
         assertEquals("This string contains , an escaped list separator", property);
     }
 
     @Test
     void testIncludeIncludeLoadAllOnNotFound() throws Exception {
         final PropertiesConfiguration pc = new PropertiesConfiguration();
         pc.setIncludeListener(PropertiesConfiguration.NOOP_INCLUDE_LISTENER);
         final FileHandler handler = new FileHandler(pc);
         handler.setBasePath(TEST_BASE_PATH);
         handler.setFileName("include-include-not-found.properties");
         handler.load();
         assertEquals("valueA", pc.getString("keyA"));
         assertEquals("valueB", pc.getString("keyB"));
     }
 
     @Test
     void testIncludeIncludeLoadCyclicalReferenceFail() throws Exception {
         final PropertiesConfiguration pc = new PropertiesConfiguration();
         final FileHandler handler = new FileHandler(pc);
         handler.setBasePath(TEST_BASE_PATH);
         handler.setFileName("include-include-cyclical-reference.properties");
         assertThrows(ConfigurationException.class, handler::load);
         assertNull(pc.getString("keyA"));
     }
 
     @Test
     void testIncludeIncludeLoadCyclicalReferenceIgnore() throws Exception {
         final PropertiesConfiguration pc = new PropertiesConfiguration();
         pc.setIncludeListener(PropertiesConfiguration.NOOP_INCLUDE_LISTENER);
         final FileHandler handler = new FileHandler(pc);
         handler.setBasePath(TEST_BASE_PATH);
         handler.setFileName("include-include-cyclical-reference.properties");
         handler.load();
         assertEquals("valueA", pc.getString("keyA"));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests including properties when they are loaded from a nested directory structure.
      */
     @Test
     void testIncludeInSubDir() throws ConfigurationException {
         final CombinedConfigurationBuilder builder = new CombinedConfigurationBuilder();
         builder.configure(new FileBasedBuilderParametersImpl().setFileName("testFactoryPropertiesInclude.xml"));
         final Configuration config = builder.getConfiguration();
         assertTrue(config.getBoolean("deeptest"));
         assertTrue(config.getBoolean("deepinclude"));
         assertFalse(config.containsKey("deeptestinvalid"));
     }
 
     @Test
     void testIncludeLoadAllOnLoadBadHostException() throws Exception {
         final PropertiesConfiguration pc = new PropertiesConfiguration();
         final ExceptionList list = new ExceptionList();
         pc.setIncludeListener(list);
         final FileHandler handler = new FileHandler(pc);
         // @formatter:off
         final CombinedLocationStrategy.Builder builder = new CombinedLocationStrategy.Builder()
                 .setSchemes(new TreeSet<>(Arrays.asList(ALL_SCHEMES.split(","))))
                 .setHostsRegEx(new TreeSet<>(Arrays.asList("GrantThisHost")));
         handler.setLocationStrategy(builder.setSubStrategies(Arrays.asList(
                 new ProvidedURLLocationStrategy(builder),
                 new FileSystemLocationStrategy(builder),
                 new AbsoluteNameLocationStrategy(builder),
                 new BasePathLocationStrategy(builder),
                 new HomeDirectoryLocationStrategy.Builder().setEvaluateBasePath(true).getUnchecked(),
                 new HomeDirectoryLocationStrategy.Builder().setEvaluateBasePath(false).getUnchecked(),
                 new ClasspathLocationStrategy(builder)))
                 .get());
         // @formatter:on
         handler.setBasePath(TEST_BASE_PATH);
         handler.setFileName("include-load-url-host-unknown-exception.properties");
         handler.load();
         assertFalse(list.exceptions.isEmpty());
         assertInstanceOf(ConfigurationDeniedException.class, list.exceptions.get(0).getCause());
         assertEquals("valueA", pc.getString("keyA"));
     }
 
     @Test
     @SetSystemProperty(key = KEY_SCHEMES, value = ALL_SCHEMES)
     void testIncludeLoadAllOnLoadBadUrlException() throws Exception {
         final PropertiesConfiguration pc = new PropertiesConfiguration();
         pc.setIncludeListener(PropertiesConfiguration.NOOP_INCLUDE_LISTENER);
         final FileHandler handler = new FileHandler(pc);
         // pick up @SetSystemProperty
         handler.setLocationStrategy(FileLocatorUtils.newDefaultLocationStrategy());
         handler.setBasePath(TEST_BASE_PATH);
         handler.setFileName("include-load-url-host-unknown-exception.properties");
         handler.load();
         assertEquals("valueA", pc.getString("keyA"));
     }
 
     @Test
     @SetSystemProperty(key = KEY_SCHEMES, value = ALL_SCHEMES)
     void testIncludeLoadAllOnLoadBadUrlExceptionManualDefault() throws Exception {
         final PropertiesConfiguration pc = new PropertiesConfiguration();
         pc.setIncludeListener(PropertiesConfiguration.NOOP_INCLUDE_LISTENER);
         final FileHandler handler = new FileHandler(pc);
         // pick up @SetSystemProperty
         // @formatter:off
         handler.setLocationStrategy(new CombinedLocationStrategy(Arrays.asList(
                 new ProvidedURLLocationStrategy(),
                 new FileSystemLocationStrategy(),
                 new AbsoluteNameLocationStrategy(),
                 new BasePathLocationStrategy(),
                 new HomeDirectoryLocationStrategy.Builder().setEvaluateBasePath(true).getUnchecked(),
                 new HomeDirectoryLocationStrategy.Builder().setEvaluateBasePath(false).getUnchecked(),
                 new ClasspathLocationStrategy())));
         // @formatter:on
         handler.setBasePath(TEST_BASE_PATH);
         handler.setFileName("include-load-url-host-unknown-exception.properties");
         handler.load();
         assertEquals("valueA", pc.getString("keyA"));
     }
 
     @Test
     void testIncludeLoadAllOnLoadBadUrlExceptionManualPropagate() throws Exception {
         final PropertiesConfiguration pc = new PropertiesConfiguration();
         pc.setIncludeListener(PropertiesConfiguration.NOOP_INCLUDE_LISTENER);
         final FileHandler handler = new FileHandler(pc);
         final CombinedLocationStrategy.Builder builder = new CombinedLocationStrategy.Builder()
                 .setSchemes(new TreeSet<>(Arrays.asList(ALL_SCHEMES.split(","))));
         // @formatter:off
         handler.setLocationStrategy(builder.setSubStrategies(Arrays.asList(
                 new ProvidedURLLocationStrategy(builder),
                 new FileSystemLocationStrategy(builder),
                 new AbsoluteNameLocationStrategy(builder),
                 new BasePathLocationStrategy(builder),
                 new HomeDirectoryLocationStrategy.Builder().setEvaluateBasePath(true).getUnchecked(),
                 new HomeDirectoryLocationStrategy.Builder().setEvaluateBasePath(false).getUnchecked(),
                 new ClasspathLocationStrategy(builder)))
                 .get());
         // @formatter:on
         handler.setBasePath(TEST_BASE_PATH);
         handler.setFileName("include-load-url-host-unknown-exception.properties");
         handler.load();
         assertEquals("valueA", pc.getString("keyA"));
     }
 
     @Test
     void testIncludeLoadAllOnLoadFileException() throws Exception {
         final PropertiesConfiguration pc = new PropertiesConfiguration();
         pc.setIncludeListener(PropertiesConfiguration.NOOP_INCLUDE_LISTENER);
         final FileHandler handler = new FileHandler(pc);
         handler.setBasePath(TEST_BASE_PATH);
         handler.setFileName("include-load-url-file-exception.properties");
         handler.load();
         assertEquals("valueA", pc.getString("keyA"));
     }
 
     @Test
     @SetSystemProperty(key = KEY_SCHEMES, value = ALL_SCHEMES)
     void testIncludeLoadAllOnLoadUrlException() throws Exception {
         final PropertiesConfiguration pc = new PropertiesConfiguration();
         pc.setIncludeListener(PropertiesConfiguration.NOOP_INCLUDE_LISTENER);
         final FileHandler handler = new FileHandler(pc);
         // pick up @SetSystemProperty
         handler.setLocationStrategy(FileLocatorUtils.newDefaultLocationStrategy());
         handler.setBasePath(TEST_BASE_PATH);
         handler.setFileName("include-load-url-http-exception.properties");
         handler.load();
         assertEquals("valueA", pc.getString("keyA"));
     }
 
     @Test
     void testIncludeLoadAllOnNotFound() throws Exception {
         final PropertiesConfiguration pc = new PropertiesConfiguration();
         pc.setIncludeListener(PropertiesConfiguration.NOOP_INCLUDE_LISTENER);
         final FileHandler handler = new FileHandler(pc);
         handler.setBasePath(TEST_BASE_PATH);
         handler.setFileName("include-not-found.properties");
         handler.load();
         assertEquals("valueA", pc.getString("keyA"));
     }
 
     @Test
     void testIncludeLoadCyclicalMultiStepReferenceFail() throws Exception {
         final PropertiesConfiguration pc = new PropertiesConfiguration();
         final FileHandler handler = new FileHandler(pc);
         handler.setBasePath(TEST_BASE_PATH);
         handler.setFileName("include-cyclical-root.properties");
         assertThrows(ConfigurationException.class, handler::load);
         assertNull(pc.getString("keyA"));
     }
 
     @Test
     void testIncludeLoadCyclicalMultiStepReferenceIgnore() throws Exception {
         final PropertiesConfiguration pc = new PropertiesConfiguration();
         pc.setIncludeListener(PropertiesConfiguration.NOOP_INCLUDE_LISTENER);
         final FileHandler handler = new FileHandler(pc);
         handler.setBasePath(TEST_BASE_PATH);
         handler.setFileName("include-cyclical-root.properties");
         handler.load();
         assertEquals("valueA", pc.getString("keyA"));
     }
 
     @Test
     void testIncludeLoadCyclicalReferenceFail() throws Exception {
         final PropertiesConfiguration pc = new PropertiesConfiguration();
         final FileHandler handler = new FileHandler(pc);
         handler.setBasePath(TEST_BASE_PATH);
         handler.setFileName("include-cyclical-reference.properties");
         assertThrows(ConfigurationException.class, handler::load);
         assertNull(pc.getString("keyA"));
     }
 
     @Test
     void testIncludeLoadCyclicalReferenceIgnore() throws Exception {
         final PropertiesConfiguration pc = new PropertiesConfiguration();
         pc.setIncludeListener(PropertiesConfiguration.NOOP_INCLUDE_LISTENER);
         final FileHandler handler = new FileHandler(pc);
         handler.setBasePath(TEST_BASE_PATH);
         handler.setFileName("include-cyclical-reference.properties");
         handler.load();
         assertEquals("valueA", pc.getString("keyA"));
     }
 
     @Test
     void testIncludeLoadUrlBadScheme() throws Exception {
         final PropertiesConfiguration pc = new PropertiesConfiguration();
         pc.setIncludeListener(PropertiesConfiguration.NOOP_INCLUDE_LISTENER);
         final FileHandler handler = new FileHandler(pc);
         handler.setBasePath(TEST_BASE_PATH);
         handler.setFileName("include-load-url-bad-scheme-exception.properties");
         handler.load();
         assertEquals("valueA", pc.getString("keyA"));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests initializing a properties configuration from a non existing file. There was a bug, which caused properties
      * getting lost when later save() is called.
      */
     @Test
     void testInitFromNonExistingFile() throws ConfigurationException {
         final String testProperty = "test.successfull";
         conf = new PropertiesConfiguration();
         final FileHandler handler = new FileHandler(conf);
         handler.setFile(TEST_SAVE_PROPERTIES_FILE);
         conf.addProperty(testProperty, "true");
         handler.save();
         checkSavedConfig();
     }
 
     @Test
     void testInMemoryCreatedSave() throws Exception {
         conf = new PropertiesConfiguration();
         // add an array of strings to the configuration
         conf.addProperty("string", "value1");
         final List<Object> list = new ArrayList<>();
         for (int i = 1; i < 5; i++) {
             list.add("value" + i);
         }
         conf.addProperty("array", list);
 
         // save the configuration
         saveTestConfig();
         assertTrue(TEST_SAVE_PROPERTIES_FILE.exists());
 
         // read the configuration and compare the properties
         checkSavedConfig();
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether comment lines are correctly detected.
      */
     @Test
     void testIsCommentLine() {
         assertTrue(PropertiesConfiguration.isCommentLine("# a comment"));
         assertTrue(PropertiesConfiguration.isCommentLine("! a comment"));
         assertTrue(PropertiesConfiguration.isCommentLine("#a comment"));
         assertTrue(PropertiesConfiguration.isCommentLine("    ! a comment"));
         assertFalse(PropertiesConfiguration.isCommentLine("   a#comment"));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests that {@link PropertiesConfiguration.JupIOFactory} reads the same keys and values as {@link Properties} based on
      * a test file.
      */
     @Test
     void testJupRead() throws IOException, ConfigurationException {
         conf.clear();
         conf.setIOFactory(new PropertiesConfiguration.JupIOFactory());
 
         final String testFilePath = ConfigurationAssert.getTestFile("jup-test.properties").getAbsolutePath();
 
         load(conf, testFilePath);
 
         final Properties jup = new Properties();
         try (InputStream in = Files.newInputStream(Paths.get(testFilePath))) {
             jup.load(in);
         }
 
         @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
         final Set<Object> pcKeys = new HashSet<>(IteratorUtils.toList(conf.getKeys()));
         assertEquals(jup.keySet(), pcKeys);
 
         for (final Object key : jup.keySet()) {
             final String keyString = key.toString();
             assertEquals(jup.getProperty(keyString), conf.getProperty(keyString), "Wrong property value for '" + keyString + "'");
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests that {@link PropertiesConfiguration.JupIOFactory} writes properties in a way that allows {@link Properties} to
      * read them exactly like they were set.
      */
     @Test
     void testJupWrite() throws IOException, ConfigurationException {
         conf.clear();
         conf.setIOFactory(new PropertiesConfiguration.JupIOFactory());
 
         final String testFilePath = ConfigurationAssert.getTestFile("jup-test.properties").getAbsolutePath();
 
         // read the test properties and set them on the PropertiesConfiguration
         final Properties origProps = new Properties();
         try (InputStream in = Files.newInputStream(Paths.get(testFilePath))) {
             origProps.load(in);
         }
         for (final Object key : origProps.keySet()) {
             final String keyString = key.toString();
             conf.setProperty(keyString, origProps.getProperty(keyString));
         }
 
         // save the configuration
         saveTestConfig();
         assertTrue(TEST_SAVE_PROPERTIES_FILE.exists());
 
         // load the saved file...
         final Properties testProps = new Properties();
         try (InputStream in = Files.newInputStream(TEST_SAVE_PROPERTIES_FILE.toPath())) {
             testProps.load(in);
         }
 
         // ... and compare the properties to the originals
         @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
         final Set<Object> pcKeys = new HashSet<>(IteratorUtils.toList(conf.getKeys()));
         assertEquals(testProps.keySet(), pcKeys);
 
         for (final Object key : testProps.keySet()) {
             final String keyString = key.toString();
             assertEquals(testProps.getProperty(keyString), conf.getProperty(keyString), "Wrong property value for '" + keyString + "'");
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests that {@link PropertiesConfiguration.JupIOFactory} writes properties in a way that allows {@link Properties} to
      * read them exactly like they were set. This test writes in UTF-8 encoding, with Unicode escapes turned off.
      */
     @Test
     void testJupWriteUtf8WithoutUnicodeEscapes() throws IOException, ConfigurationException {
         conf.clear();
         conf.setIOFactory(new PropertiesConfiguration.JupIOFactory(false));
 
         final String testFilePath = ConfigurationAssert.getTestFile("jup-test.properties").getAbsolutePath();
 
         // read the test properties and set them on the PropertiesConfiguration
         final Properties origProps = new Properties();
         try (InputStream in = Files.newInputStream(Paths.get(testFilePath))) {
             origProps.load(in);
         }
         for (final Object key : origProps.keySet()) {
             final String keyString = key.toString();
             conf.setProperty(keyString, origProps.getProperty(keyString));
         }
 
         // save the configuration as UTF-8
         final FileHandler handler = new FileHandler(conf);
         handler.setEncoding(StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name());
         handler.save(TEST_SAVE_PROPERTIES_FILE);
         assertTrue(TEST_SAVE_PROPERTIES_FILE.exists());
 
         // load the saved file...
         final Properties testProps = new Properties();
         try (BufferedReader in = Files.newBufferedReader(TEST_SAVE_PROPERTIES_FILE.toPath(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8)) {
             testProps.load(in);
         }
 
         // ... and compare the properties to the originals
         @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
         final Set<Object> pcKeys = new HashSet<>(IteratorUtils.toList(conf.getKeys()));
         assertEquals(testProps.keySet(), pcKeys);
 
         for (final Object key : testProps.keySet()) {
             final String keyString = key.toString();
             assertEquals(testProps.getProperty(keyString), conf.getProperty(keyString), "Wrong property value for '" + keyString + "'");
         }
 
         // ensure that the written properties file contains no Unicode escapes
         for (final String line : Files.readAllLines(TEST_SAVE_PROPERTIES_FILE.toPath())) {
             assertFalse(line.contains("\\u"));
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests that the property separators are retained when saving the configuration.
      */
     @Test
     void testKeepSeparators() throws ConfigurationException, IOException {
         saveTestConfig();
         // @formatter:off
         final Set<String> separatorTests = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList(
                 "test.separator.equal = foo",
                 "test.separator.colon : foo",
                 "test.separator.tab\tfoo",
                 "test.separator.whitespace foo",
                 "test.separator.no.space=foo"));
         // @formatter:on
         final Set<String> foundLines = new HashSet<>();
         try (BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(TEST_SAVE_PROPERTIES_FILE))) {
             String s;
             while ((s = in.readLine()) != null) {
                 for (final String separatorTest : separatorTests) {
                     if (separatorTest.equals(s)) {
                         foundLines.add(s);
                     }
                 }
             }
         }
         assertEquals(separatorTests, foundLines);
     }
 
     /**
      * Test all acceptable key/value separators ('=', ':' or white spaces).
      */
     @Test
     void testKeyValueSeparators() {
         assertEquals("foo", conf.getProperty("test.separator.equal"));
         assertEquals("foo", conf.getProperty("test.separator.colon"));
         assertEquals("foo", conf.getProperty("test.separator.tab"));
         assertEquals("foo", conf.getProperty("test.separator.formfeed"));
         assertEquals("foo", conf.getProperty("test.separator.whitespace"));
     }
 
     @Test
     void testLargeKey() throws Exception {
         conf.clear();
         final String key = String.join("", Collections.nCopies(10000, "x"));
         final FileHandler handler = new FileHandler(conf);
         handler.load(new StringReader(key));
 
         assertEquals("", conf.getString(key));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether the correct line separator is used.
      */
     @Test
     void testLineSeparator() throws ConfigurationException {
         final String eol = System.lineSeparator();
         conf = new PropertiesConfiguration();
         conf.setHeader("My header");
         conf.setProperty("prop", "value");
 
         final StringWriter out = new StringWriter();
         new FileHandler(conf).save(out);
         final String content = out.toString();
         assertEquals(0, content.indexOf("# My header" + eol + eol));
         assertTrue(content.contains("prop = value" + eol));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests {@code List} parsing.
      */
     @Test
     void testList() throws Exception {
         final List<Object> packages = conf.getList("packages");
         // we should get 3 packages here
         assertEquals(3, packages.size());
     }
 
     @Test
     void testLoad() throws Exception {
         final String loaded = conf.getString("configuration.loaded");
         assertEquals("true", loaded);
     }
 
     @Test
     void testLoadFromFile() throws Exception {
         final File file = ConfigurationAssert.getTestFile("test.properties");
         conf.clear();
         final FileHandler handler = new FileHandler(conf);
         handler.setFile(file);
         handler.load();
 
         assertEquals("true", conf.getString("configuration.loaded"));
     }
 
     /**
      * test if includes properties get loaded too
      */
     @Test
     void testLoadInclude() throws Exception {
         final String loaded = conf.getString("include.loaded");
         assertEquals("true", loaded);
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether the correct file system is used when loading an include file. This test is related to
      * CONFIGURATION-609.
      */
     @Test
     void testLoadIncludeFileViaFileSystem() throws ConfigurationException {
         conf.clear();
         conf.addProperty("include", "include.properties");
         saveTestConfig();
 
         final FileSystem fs = new DefaultFileSystem() {
             @Override
             public InputStream getInputStream(final URL url) throws ConfigurationException {
                 if (url.toString().endsWith("include.properties")) {
                     return new ByteArrayInputStream("test.outcome = success".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
                 }
                 return super.getInputStream(url);
             }
         };
         final Parameters params = new Parameters();
         final FileBasedConfigurationBuilder<PropertiesConfiguration> builder = new FileBasedConfigurationBuilder<>(PropertiesConfiguration.class);
         builder.configure(params.fileBased().setFile(TEST_SAVE_PROPERTIES_FILE).setBasePath(ConfigurationAssert.OUT_DIR.toURI().toString()).setFileSystem(fs));
         final PropertiesConfiguration configuration = builder.getConfiguration();
         assertEquals("success", configuration.getString("test.outcome"));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests if included files are loaded when the source lies in the class path.
      */
     @Test
     void testLoadIncludeFromClassPath() {
         assertEquals("true", conf.getString("include.loaded"));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether include files can be resolved if a configuration file is read from a reader.
      */
     @Test
     void testLoadIncludeFromReader() throws ConfigurationException {
         final StringReader in = new StringReader(PropertiesConfiguration.getInclude() + " = " + ConfigurationAssert.getTestURL("include.properties"));
         conf = new PropertiesConfiguration();
         final FileHandler handler = new FileHandler(conf);
         handler.load(in);
         assertEquals("true", conf.getString("include.loaded"));
     }
 
     /**
      * test if includes properties from interpolated file name get loaded
      */
     @Test
     void testLoadIncludeInterpol() throws Exception {
         final String loaded = conf.getString("include.interpol.loaded");
         assertEquals("true", loaded);
     }
 
     @Test
     void testLoadIncludeOptional() throws Exception {
         final PropertiesConfiguration pc = new PropertiesConfiguration();
         final FileHandler handler = new FileHandler(pc);
         handler.setBasePath(TEST_BASE_PATH);
         handler.setFileName("includeoptional.properties");
         handler.load();
 
         assertTrue(pc.getBoolean("includeoptional.loaded"));
     }
 
     @Test
     void testLoadUnexistingFile() {
         assertThrows(ConfigurationException.class, () -> load(conf, "unexisting file"));
     }
 
     @Test
     void testLoadViaPropertyWithBasePath() throws Exception {
         final PropertiesConfiguration pc = new PropertiesConfiguration();
         final FileHandler handler = new FileHandler(pc);
         handler.setBasePath(TEST_BASE_PATH);
         handler.setFileName("test.properties");
         handler.load();
 
         assertTrue(pc.getBoolean("test.boolean"));
     }
 
     @Test
     void testLoadViaPropertyWithBasePath2() throws Exception {
         final PropertiesConfiguration pc = new PropertiesConfiguration();
         final FileHandler handler = new FileHandler(pc);
         handler.setBasePath(TEST_BASE_PATH_2);
         handler.setFileName("test.properties");
         handler.load();
 
         assertTrue(pc.getBoolean("test.boolean"));
     }
 
     @Test
     void testMixedArray() {
         final String[] array = conf.getStringArray("test.mixed.array");
 
         assertArrayEquals(new String[] {"a", "b", "c", "d"}, array);
     }
 
     @Test
     void testMultilines() {
         final String property = "This is a value spread out across several adjacent natural lines by escaping the line terminator with "
             + "a backslash character.";
 
         assertEquals(property, conf.getString("test.multilines"));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether multiple include files can be resolved.
      */
     @Test
     void testMultipleIncludeFiles() throws ConfigurationException {
         conf = new PropertiesConfiguration();
         final FileHandler handler = new FileHandler(conf);
         handler.load(ConfigurationAssert.getTestFile("config/testMultiInclude.properties"));
         assertEquals("topValue", conf.getString("top"));
         assertEquals(100, conf.getInt("property.c"));
         assertTrue(conf.getBoolean("include.loaded"));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests escaping of an end of line with a backslash.
      */
     @Test
     void testNewLineEscaping() {
         final List<Object> list = conf.getList("test.path");
         assertEquals(Arrays.asList("C:\\path1\\", "C:\\path2\\", "C:\\path3\\complex\\test\\"), list);
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests the propertyLoaded() method for a simple property.
      */
     @Test
     void testPropertyLoaded() throws ConfigurationException {
         final DummyLayout layout = new DummyLayout();
         conf.setLayout(layout);
         conf.propertyLoaded("layoutLoadedProperty", "yes", null);
         assertEquals(0, layout.loadCalls);
         assertEquals("yes", conf.getString("layoutLoadedProperty"));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests the propertyLoaded() method for an include property.
      */
     @Test
     void testPropertyLoadedInclude() throws ConfigurationException {
         final DummyLayout layout = new DummyLayout();
         conf.setLayout(layout);
         conf.propertyLoaded(PropertiesConfiguration.getInclude(), "testClasspath.properties,testEqual.properties", new ArrayDeque<>());
         assertEquals(2, layout.loadCalls);
         assertFalse(conf.containsKey(PropertiesConfiguration.getInclude()));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests propertyLoaded() for an include property, when includes are disabled.
      */
     @Test
     void testPropertyLoadedIncludeNotAllowed() throws ConfigurationException {
         final DummyLayout layout = new DummyLayout();
         conf.setLayout(layout);
         conf.setIncludesAllowed(false);
         conf.propertyLoaded(PropertiesConfiguration.getInclude(), "testClassPath.properties,testEqual.properties", null);
         assertEquals(0, layout.loadCalls);
         assertFalse(conf.containsKey(PropertiesConfiguration.getInclude()));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests a direct invocation of the read() method. This is not allowed because certain initializations have not been
      * done. This test is related to CONFIGURATION-641.
      */
     @Test
     void testReadCalledDirectly() throws IOException {
         conf = new PropertiesConfiguration();
         try (Reader in = new FileReader(ConfigurationAssert.getTestFile("test.properties"))) {
             final ConfigurationException e = assertThrows(ConfigurationException.class, () -> conf.read(in));
             assertTrue(e.getMessage().contains("FileHandler"));
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether a footer comment is correctly read.
      */
     @Test
     void testReadFooterComment() {
         assertEquals("\n# This is a foot comment\n", conf.getFooter());
         assertEquals("\nThis is a foot comment\n", conf.getLayout().getCanonicalFooterCooment(false));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests that references to other properties work
      */
     @Test
     void testReference() throws Exception {
         assertEquals("baseextra", conf.getString("base.reference"));
     }
 
     @Test
     void testSave() throws Exception {
         // add an array of strings to the configuration
         conf.addProperty("string", "value1");
         final List<Object> list = new ArrayList<>();
         for (int i = 1; i < 5; i++) {
             list.add("value" + i);
         }
         conf.addProperty("array", list);
 
         // save the configuration
         saveTestConfig();
         assertTrue(TEST_SAVE_PROPERTIES_FILE.exists());
 
         // read the configuration and compare the properties
         checkSavedConfig();
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether the escape character for list delimiters can be itself escaped and survives a save operation.
      */
     @Test
     void testSaveEscapedEscapingCharacter() throws ConfigurationException {
         conf.addProperty("test.dirs", "C:\\Temp\\\\,D:\\Data\\\\,E:\\Test\\");
         final List<Object> dirs = conf.getList("test.dirs");
         assertEquals(3, dirs.size());
         saveTestConfig();
         checkSavedConfig();
     }
 
     @Test
     void testSaveMissingFileName() {
         final FileHandler handler = new FileHandler(conf);
         assertThrows(ConfigurationException.class, handler::save);
     }
 
     @Test
     void testSaveToCustomURL() throws Exception {
         // save the configuration to a custom URL
         final URL url = new URL("foo", "", 0, newFile("testsave-custom-url.properties", tempFolder).getAbsolutePath(), new FileURLStreamHandler());
         final FileHandler handlerSave = new FileHandler(conf);
         handlerSave.save(url);
 
         // reload the configuration
         final PropertiesConfiguration config2 = new PropertiesConfiguration();
         final FileHandler handlerLoad = new FileHandler(config2);
         handlerLoad.load(url);
         assertEquals("true", config2.getString("configuration.loaded"));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests saving a file-based configuration to a HTTP server when the server reports a failure. This should cause an
      * exception.
      */
     @Test
     void testSaveToHTTPServerFail() throws Exception {
         final MockHttpURLStreamHandler handler = new MockHttpURLStreamHandler(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_BAD_REQUEST, TEST_SAVE_PROPERTIES_FILE);
         final URL url = new URL(null, "http://jakarta.apache.org", handler);
         final FileHandler fileHandler = new FileHandler(conf);
         final ConfigurationException cex = assertThrows(ConfigurationException.class, () -> fileHandler.save(url));
         assertInstanceOf(IOException.class, cex.getCause());
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests saving a file-based configuration to a HTTP server.
      */
     @Test
     void testSaveToHTTPServerSuccess() throws Exception {
         final MockHttpURLStreamHandler handler = new MockHttpURLStreamHandler(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK, TEST_SAVE_PROPERTIES_FILE);
         final URL url = new URL(null, "http://jakarta.apache.org", handler);
         new FileHandler(conf).save(url);
         final MockHttpURLConnection con = handler.getMockConnection();
         assertTrue(con.getDoOutput());
         assertEquals("PUT", con.getRequestMethod());
         checkSavedConfig();
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests if the base path is taken into account by the save() method.
      */
     @Test
     void testSaveWithBasePath() throws Exception {
         conf.setProperty("test", "true");
         final FileHandler handler = new FileHandler(conf);
         handler.setBasePath(TEST_SAVE_PROPERTIES_FILE.getParentFile().toURI().toURL().toString());
         handler.setFileName(TEST_SAVE_PROPERTIES_FILE.getName());
         handler.save();
         assertTrue(TEST_SAVE_PROPERTIES_FILE.exists());
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests adding properties through a DataConfiguration. This is related to CONFIGURATION-332.
      */
     @Test
     void testSaveWithDataConfig() throws ConfigurationException {
         conf = new PropertiesConfiguration();
         final FileHandler handler = new FileHandler(conf);
         handler.setFile(TEST_SAVE_PROPERTIES_FILE);
         final DataConfiguration dataConfig = new DataConfiguration(conf);
         dataConfig.setProperty("foo", "bar");
         assertEquals("bar", conf.getString("foo"));
 
         handler.save();
         final PropertiesConfiguration config2 = new PropertiesConfiguration();
         load(config2, TEST_SAVE_PROPERTIES_FILE.getAbsolutePath());
         assertEquals("bar", config2.getString("foo"));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether saving works correctly with the default list delimiter handler implementation.
      */
     @Test
     void testSaveWithDefaultListDelimiterHandler() throws ConfigurationException {
         conf.setListDelimiterHandler(new DefaultListDelimiterHandler(','));
         saveTestConfig();
 
         final PropertiesConfiguration checkConfig = new PropertiesConfiguration();
         checkConfig.setListDelimiterHandler(conf.getListDelimiterHandler());
         new FileHandler(checkConfig).load(TEST_SAVE_PROPERTIES_FILE);
         ConfigurationAssert.assertConfigurationEquals(conf, checkConfig);
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests saving a configuration if delimiter parsing is disabled.
      */
     @Test
     void testSaveWithDelimiterParsingDisabled() throws ConfigurationException {
         conf.clear();
         conf.setListDelimiterHandler(new DisabledListDelimiterHandler());
         conf.addProperty("test.list", "a,b,c");
         conf.addProperty("test.dirs", "C:\\Temp\\,D:\\Data\\");
         saveTestConfig();
 
         final PropertiesConfiguration checkConfig = new PropertiesConfiguration();
         checkConfig.setListDelimiterHandler(new DisabledListDelimiterHandler());
         new FileHandler(checkConfig).load(TEST_SAVE_PROPERTIES_FILE);
         ConfigurationAssert.assertConfigurationEquals(conf, checkConfig);
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether write access to the footer comment is synchronized.
      */
     @Test
     void testSetFooterSynchronized() {
         final SynchronizerTestImpl sync = new SynchronizerTestImpl();
         conf.setSynchronizer(sync);
         conf.setFooter("new comment");
         sync.verify(Methods.BEGIN_WRITE, Methods.END_WRITE);
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether write access to the header comment is synchronized.
      */
     @Test
     void testSetHeaderSynchronized() {
         final SynchronizerTestImpl sync = new SynchronizerTestImpl();
         conf.setSynchronizer(sync);
         conf.setHeader("new comment");
         sync.verify(Methods.BEGIN_WRITE, Methods.END_WRITE);
     }
 
     @Test
     void testSetInclude() throws Exception {
         conf.clear();
         // change the include key
         PropertiesConfiguration.setInclude("import");
 
         // load the configuration
         load(conf, TEST_PROPERTIES);
 
         // restore the previous value for the other tests
         PropertiesConfiguration.setInclude("include");
 
         assertNull(conf.getString("include.loaded"));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests setting the IOFactory to null. This should cause an exception.
      */
     @Test
     void testSetIOFactoryNull() {
         assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> conf.setIOFactory(null));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests setting an IOFactory that uses a specialized reader.
      */
     @Test
     void testSetIOFactoryReader() throws ConfigurationException {
         final int propertyCount = 10;
         conf.clear();
         conf.setIOFactory(new PropertiesConfiguration.IOFactory() {
             @Override
             public PropertiesConfiguration.PropertiesReader createPropertiesReader(final Reader in) {
                 return new PropertiesReaderTestImpl(in, propertyCount);
             }
 
             @Override
             public PropertiesConfiguration.PropertiesWriter createPropertiesWriter(final Writer out, final ListDelimiterHandler handler) {
                 throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Unexpected call.");
             }
         });
         load(conf, TEST_PROPERTIES);
         for (int i = 1; i <= propertyCount; i++) {
             assertEquals(PROP_VALUE + i, conf.getString(PROP_NAME + i), "Wrong property value at " + i);
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests setting an IOFactory that uses a specialized writer.
      */
     @Test
     void testSetIOFactoryWriter() throws ConfigurationException, IOException {
         final MutableObject<Writer> propertiesWriter = new MutableObject<>();
         conf.setIOFactory(new PropertiesConfiguration.IOFactory() {
             @Override
             public PropertiesConfiguration.PropertiesReader createPropertiesReader(final Reader in) {
                 throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Unexpected call.");
             }
 
             @Override
             public PropertiesConfiguration.PropertiesWriter createPropertiesWriter(final Writer out, final ListDelimiterHandler handler) {
                 try {
                     final PropertiesWriterTestImpl propWriter = new PropertiesWriterTestImpl(handler);
                     propertiesWriter.setValue(propWriter);
                     return propWriter;
                 } catch (final IOException e) {
                     return null;
                 }
             }
         });
         new FileHandler(conf).save(new StringWriter());
         propertiesWriter.getValue().close();
         checkSavedConfig();
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether a list property is handled correctly if delimiter parsing is disabled. This test is related to
      * CONFIGURATION-495.
      */
     @Test
     void testSetPropertyListWithDelimiterParsingDisabled() throws ConfigurationException {
         final String prop = "delimiterListProp";
         conf.setListDelimiterHandler(DisabledListDelimiterHandler.INSTANCE);
         final List<String> list = Arrays.asList("val", "val2", "val3");
         conf.setProperty(prop, list);
         saveTestConfig();
         conf.clear();
         load(conf, TEST_SAVE_PROPERTIES_FILE.getAbsolutePath());
         assertEquals(list, conf.getProperty(prop));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether properties with slashes in their values can be saved. This test is related to CONFIGURATION-408.
      */
     @Test
     void testSlashEscaping() throws ConfigurationException {
         conf.setProperty(PROP_NAME, "http://www.apache.org");
         final StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
         new FileHandler(conf).save(writer);
         final String s = writer.toString();
         assertTrue(s.contains(PROP_NAME + " = http://www.apache.org"));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether special characters in a property value are un-escaped. This test is related to CONFIGURATION-640.
      */
     @Test
     void testUnEscapeCharacters() {
         assertEquals("#1 =: me!", conf.getString("test.unescape.characters"));
     }
 
     @Test
     void testUnescapeJava() {
         assertEquals("test\\,test", PropertiesConfiguration.unescapeJava("test\\,test"));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether a footer comment is correctly written out.
      */
     @Test
     void testWriteFooterComment() throws ConfigurationException, IOException {
         final String footer = "my footer";
         conf.clear();
         conf.setProperty(PROP_NAME, PROP_VALUE);
         conf.setFooter(footer);
         final StringWriter out = new StringWriter();
         conf.write(out);
         assertEquals(PROP_NAME + " = " + PROP_VALUE + CR + "# " + footer + CR, out.toString());
     }
 }