/*
    * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
    * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
    * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
    * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
    * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
    * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
    *
    *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
   *
   * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
   * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
   * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
   * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
   * limitations under the License.
   */
  
  package org.apache.commons.configuration2;
  
  import static org.apache.commons.configuration2.TempDirUtils.newFile;
  import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
  import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
  import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertInstanceOf;
  import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
  import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNull;
  import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
  import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
  
  import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
  import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
  import java.io.File;
  import java.io.FileOutputStream;
  import java.io.IOException;
  import java.io.StringReader;
  import java.io.StringWriter;
  import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
  import java.util.ArrayList;
  import java.util.Arrays;
  import java.util.Collection;
  import java.util.List;
  
  import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
  import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
  import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
  import javax.xml.transform.Result;
  import javax.xml.transform.Source;
  import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
  import javax.xml.transform.TransformerException;
  import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;
  import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactoryConfigurationError;
  import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
  import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;
  
  import org.apache.commons.configuration2.SynchronizerTestImpl.Methods;
  import org.apache.commons.configuration2.builder.FileBasedBuilderParametersImpl;
  import org.apache.commons.configuration2.builder.FileBasedConfigurationBuilder;
  import org.apache.commons.configuration2.convert.DefaultListDelimiterHandler;
  import org.apache.commons.configuration2.convert.DisabledListDelimiterHandler;
  import org.apache.commons.configuration2.ex.ConfigurationException;
  import org.apache.commons.configuration2.io.FileHandler;
  import org.apache.commons.configuration2.io.FileLocatorUtils;
  import org.apache.commons.configuration2.resolver.CatalogResolver;
  import org.apache.commons.configuration2.tree.ImmutableNode;
  import org.apache.commons.configuration2.tree.NodeStructureHelper;
  import org.apache.commons.configuration2.tree.xpath.XPathExpressionEngine;
  import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
  import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
  import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
  import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
  import org.w3c.dom.Document;
  import org.w3c.dom.Element;
  import org.w3c.dom.Node;
  import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
  import org.xml.sax.SAXParseException;
  import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;
  
  /**
   * test for loading and saving XML properties files
   */
  public class TestXMLConfiguration {
  
      /**
       * A thread used for testing concurrent access to a builder.
       */
      private static final class ReloadThread extends Thread {
          private final FileBasedConfigurationBuilder<?> builder;
  
          ReloadThread(final FileBasedConfigurationBuilder<?> confBulder) {
              builder = confBulder;
          }
  
          @Override
          public void run() {
              for (int i = 0; i < LOOP_COUNT; i++) {
                  builder.resetResult();
              }
          }
      }
  
     /** XML Catalog */
     private static final String CATALOG_FILES = ConfigurationAssert.getTestFile("catalog.xml").getAbsolutePath();
 
     /** Constant for the used encoding. */
     static final String ENCODING = StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1.name();
 
     /** Constant for the test system ID. */
     static final String SYSTEM_ID = "properties.dtd";
 
     /** Constant for the test public ID. */
     static final String PUBLIC_ID = "-//Commons Configuration//DTD Test Configuration 1.3//EN";
 
     /** Constant for the DOCTYPE declaration. */
     static final String DOCTYPE_DECL = " PUBLIC \"" + PUBLIC_ID + "\" \"" + SYSTEM_ID + "\">";
 
     /** Constant for the DOCTYPE prefix. */
     static final String DOCTYPE = "<!DOCTYPE ";
 
     /** Constant for the transformer factory property. */
     static final String PROP_FACTORY = "javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory";
 
     /** Constant for the number of test threads. */
     private static final int THREAD_COUNT = 5;
 
     /** Constant for the number of loops in tests with multiple threads. */
     private static final int LOOP_COUNT = 100;
 
     /**
      * Creates a new XMLConfiguration and loads the specified file.
      *
      * @param fileName the name of the file to be loaded
      * @return the newly created configuration instance
      * @throws ConfigurationException if an error occurs
      */
     private static XMLConfiguration createFromFile(final String fileName) throws ConfigurationException {
         final XMLConfiguration config = new XMLConfiguration();
         config.setListDelimiterHandler(new DefaultListDelimiterHandler(','));
         load(config, fileName);
         return config;
     }
 
     /**
      * Helper method for loading the specified configuration file.
      *
      * @param config the configuration
      * @param fileName the name of the file to be loaded
      * @throws ConfigurationException if an error occurs
      */
     private static void load(final XMLConfiguration config, final String fileName) throws ConfigurationException {
         final FileHandler handler = new FileHandler(config);
         handler.setFileName(fileName);
         handler.load();
     }
 
     private static byte[] nodeToByteArray(final Node node) throws TransformerException {
         final Source source = new DOMSource(node);
         final ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
         final Result result = new StreamResult(bos);
         final TransformerFactory factory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
         factory.newTransformer().transform(source, result);
         // 4. Return the resulting byte array
         return bos.toByteArray();
     }
 
     /** A folder for temporary files. */
     @TempDir
     public File tempFolder;
 
     /** The File that we test with */
     private final String testProperties = ConfigurationAssert.getTestFile("test.xml").getAbsolutePath();
 
     private final String testProperties2 = ConfigurationAssert.getTestFile("testDigesterConfigurationInclude1.xml").getAbsolutePath();
 
     private File testSaveConf;
 
     private File testSaveFile;
 
     private final String testFile2 = ConfigurationAssert.getTestFile("sample.xml").getAbsolutePath();
 
     private XMLConfiguration conf;
 
     private Element buildDomElementFixture() throws SAXException, IOException, ParserConfigurationException {
         return (Element) buildDomNodeFixture();
     }
 
     private Node buildDomNodeFixture() throws SAXException, IOException, ParserConfigurationException {
         final String content = "<configuration><test attr=\"x\">1</test></configuration>";
         final Node document = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance().newDocumentBuilder().parse(new ByteArrayInputStream(content.getBytes()));
         final Node node = document.getFirstChild().getFirstChild(); // <test>
         assertEquals("test", node.getNodeName()); // sanity check
         return node;
     }
 
     /**
      * Helper method for testing whether a configuration was correctly saved to the default output file.
      *
      * @return the newly loaded configuration
      * @throws ConfigurationException if an error occurs
      */
     private XMLConfiguration checkSavedConfig() throws ConfigurationException {
         return checkSavedConfig(testSaveConf);
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether the saved configuration file matches the original data.
      *
      * @param saveFile the saved configuration file
      * @return the newly loaded configuration
      * @throws ConfigurationException if an error occurs
      */
     private XMLConfiguration checkSavedConfig(final File saveFile) throws ConfigurationException {
         final XMLConfiguration config = createFromFile(saveFile.getAbsolutePath());
         ConfigurationAssert.assertConfigurationEquals(conf, config);
         return config;
     }
 
     /**
      * Helper method for testing saving and loading a configuration when delimiter parsing is disabled.
      *
      * @param key the key to be checked
      * @throws ConfigurationException if an error occurs
      */
     private void checkSaveDelimiterParsingDisabled(final String key) throws ConfigurationException {
         conf.clear();
         conf.setListDelimiterHandler(new DisabledListDelimiterHandler());
         load(conf, testProperties);
         conf.setProperty(key, "C:\\Temp\\,C:\\Data\\");
         conf.addProperty(key, "a,b,c");
         saveTestConfig();
         final XMLConfiguration checkConf = new XMLConfiguration();
         checkConf.setListDelimiterHandler(conf.getListDelimiterHandler());
         load(checkConf, testSaveConf.getAbsolutePath());
         ConfigurationAssert.assertConfigurationEquals(conf, checkConf);
     }
 
     /**
      * Creates a validating document builder.
      *
      * @return the document builder
      * @throws ParserConfigurationException if an error occurs
      */
     private DocumentBuilder createValidatingDocBuilder() throws ParserConfigurationException {
         final DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
         factory.setValidating(true);
         final DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
         builder.setErrorHandler(new DefaultHandler() {
             @Override
             public void error(final SAXParseException ex) throws SAXException {
                 throw ex;
             }
         });
         return builder;
     }
 
     private Document parseXml(final String xml) throws SAXException, IOException, ParserConfigurationException {
         return DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance().newDocumentBuilder().parse(new ByteArrayInputStream(xml.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)));
     }
 
     /**
      * Removes the test output file if it exists.
      */
     private void removeTestFile() {
         if (testSaveConf.exists()) {
             assertTrue(testSaveConf.delete());
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Helper method for saving the test configuration to the default output file.
      *
      * @throws ConfigurationException if an error occurs
      */
     private void saveTestConfig() throws ConfigurationException {
         final FileHandler handler = new FileHandler(conf);
         handler.save(testSaveConf);
     }
 
     @BeforeEach
     public void setUp() throws Exception {
         testSaveConf = newFile("testsave.xml", tempFolder);
         testSaveFile = newFile("testsample2.xml", tempFolder);
         conf = createFromFile(testProperties);
         removeTestFile();
     }
 
     @Test
     void testAddList() {
         conf.addProperty("test.array", "value1");
         conf.addProperty("test.array", "value2");
 
         final List<Object> list = conf.getList("test.array");
         assertEquals(Arrays.asList("value1", "value2"), list);
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests saving a configuration after a node was added. Test for CONFIGURATION-294.
      */
     @Test
     void testAddNodesAndSave() throws ConfigurationException {
         final ImmutableNode.Builder bldrNode = new ImmutableNode.Builder(1);
         bldrNode.addChild(NodeStructureHelper.createNode("child", null));
         bldrNode.addAttribute("attr", "");
         final ImmutableNode node2 = NodeStructureHelper.createNode("test2", null);
         conf.addNodes("add.nodes", Arrays.asList(bldrNode.name("test").create(), node2));
         saveTestConfig();
         conf.setProperty("add.nodes.test", "true");
         conf.setProperty("add.nodes.test.child", "yes");
         conf.setProperty("add.nodes.test[@attr]", "existing");
         conf.setProperty("add.nodes.test2", "anotherValue");
         saveTestConfig();
         final XMLConfiguration c2 = new XMLConfiguration();
         load(c2, testSaveConf.getAbsolutePath());
         assertEquals("true", c2.getString("add.nodes.test"));
         assertEquals("yes", c2.getString("add.nodes.test.child"));
         assertEquals("existing", c2.getString("add.nodes.test[@attr]"));
         assertEquals("anotherValue", c2.getString("add.nodes.test2"));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests adding nodes from another configuration.
      */
     @Test
     void testAddNodesCopy() throws ConfigurationException {
         final XMLConfiguration c2 = new XMLConfiguration();
         load(c2, testProperties2);
         conf.addNodes("copiedProperties", c2.getModel().getNodeHandler().getRootNode().getChildren());
         saveTestConfig();
         checkSavedConfig();
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether it is possible to add nodes to a XMLConfiguration through a SubnodeConfiguration and whether these
      * nodes have the correct type. This test is related to CONFIGURATION-472.
      */
     @Test
     void testAddNodesToSubnodeConfiguration() throws Exception {
         final HierarchicalConfiguration<ImmutableNode> sub = conf.configurationAt("element2", true);
         sub.addProperty("newKey", "newvalue");
         assertEquals("newvalue", conf.getString("element2.newKey"));
     }
 
     @Test
     void testAddObjectAttribute() {
         conf.addProperty("test.boolean[@value]", Boolean.TRUE);
         assertTrue(conf.getBoolean("test.boolean[@value]"));
     }
 
     @Test
     void testAddObjectProperty() {
         // add a non string property
         conf.addProperty("test.boolean", Boolean.TRUE);
         assertTrue(conf.getBoolean("test.boolean"));
     }
 
     @Test
     void testAddProperty() {
         // add a property to a non initialized XML configuration
         final XMLConfiguration config = new XMLConfiguration();
         config.addProperty("test.string", "hello");
 
         assertEquals("hello", config.getString("test.string"));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether list properties are added correctly if delimiter parsing is disabled. This test is related to
      * CONFIGURATION-495.
      */
     @Test
     void testAddPropertyListWithDelimiterParsingDisabled() throws ConfigurationException {
         conf.clear();
         final String prop = "delimiterListProp";
         conf.setListDelimiterHandler(DisabledListDelimiterHandler.INSTANCE);
         final List<String> list = Arrays.asList("val", "val2", "val3");
         conf.addProperty(prop, list);
         saveTestConfig();
         final XMLConfiguration conf2 = new XMLConfiguration();
         load(conf2, testSaveConf.getAbsolutePath());
         assertEquals(list, conf2.getProperty(prop));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests if a second file can be appended to a first.
      */
     @Test
     void testAppend() throws Exception {
         load(conf, testProperties2);
         assertEquals("value", conf.getString("element"));
         assertEquals("tasks", conf.getString("table.name"));
 
         saveTestConfig();
         conf = createFromFile(testSaveConf.getAbsolutePath());
         assertEquals("value", conf.getString("element"));
         assertEquals("tasks", conf.getString("table.name"));
         assertEquals("application", conf.getString("table[@tableType]"));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tries to create an attribute with multiple values. Only the first value is taken into account.
      */
     @Test
     void testAttributeKeyWithMultipleValues() throws ConfigurationException {
         conf.addProperty("errorTest[@multiAttr]", Arrays.asList("v1", "v2"));
         saveTestConfig();
         final XMLConfiguration checkConfig = new XMLConfiguration();
         load(checkConfig, testSaveConf.getAbsolutePath());
         assertEquals("v1", checkConfig.getString("errorTest[@multiAttr]"));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether the addNodes() method triggers an auto save.
      */
     @Test
     void testAutoSaveAddNodes() throws ConfigurationException {
         final FileBasedConfigurationBuilder<XMLConfiguration> builder = new FileBasedConfigurationBuilder<>(XMLConfiguration.class);
         builder.configure(new FileBasedBuilderParametersImpl().setFileName(testProperties));
         conf = builder.getConfiguration();
         builder.getFileHandler().setFile(testSaveConf);
         builder.setAutoSave(true);
         final ImmutableNode node = NodeStructureHelper.createNode("addNodesTest", Boolean.TRUE);
         final Collection<ImmutableNode> nodes = new ArrayList<>(1);
         nodes.add(node);
         conf.addNodes("test.autosave", nodes);
         final XMLConfiguration c2 = new XMLConfiguration();
         load(c2, testSaveConf.getAbsolutePath());
         assertTrue(c2.getBoolean("test.autosave.addNodesTest"));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether the auto save mechanism is triggered by changes at a subnode configuration.
      */
     @Test
     void testAutoSaveWithSubnodeConfig() throws ConfigurationException {
         final FileBasedConfigurationBuilder<XMLConfiguration> builder = new FileBasedConfigurationBuilder<>(XMLConfiguration.class);
         builder.configure(new FileBasedBuilderParametersImpl().setFileName(testProperties));
         conf = builder.getConfiguration();
         builder.getFileHandler().setFile(testSaveConf);
         builder.setAutoSave(true);
         final String newValue = "I am autosaved";
         final Configuration sub = conf.configurationAt("element2.subelement", true);
         sub.setProperty("subsubelement", newValue);
         assertEquals(newValue, conf.getString("element2.subelement.subsubelement"));
         final XMLConfiguration conf2 = new XMLConfiguration();
         load(conf2, testSaveConf.getAbsolutePath());
         assertEquals(newValue, conf2.getString("element2.subelement.subsubelement"));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether a subnode configuration created from another subnode configuration of a XMLConfiguration can trigger
      * the auto save mechanism.
      */
     @Test
     void testAutoSaveWithSubSubnodeConfig() throws ConfigurationException {
         final FileBasedConfigurationBuilder<XMLConfiguration> builder = new FileBasedConfigurationBuilder<>(XMLConfiguration.class);
         builder.configure(new FileBasedBuilderParametersImpl().setFileName(testProperties));
         conf = builder.getConfiguration();
         builder.getFileHandler().setFile(testSaveConf);
         builder.setAutoSave(true);
         final String newValue = "I am autosaved";
         final HierarchicalConfiguration<?> sub1 = conf.configurationAt("element2", true);
         final HierarchicalConfiguration<?> sub2 = sub1.configurationAt("subelement", true);
         sub2.setProperty("subsubelement", newValue);
         assertEquals(newValue, conf.getString("element2.subelement.subsubelement"));
         final XMLConfiguration conf2 = new XMLConfiguration();
         load(conf2, testSaveConf.getAbsolutePath());
         assertEquals(newValue, conf2.getString("element2.subelement.subsubelement"));
     }
 
     @Test
     void testClearAttributeMultipleDisjoined() throws Exception {
         String key = "clear.list.item[@id]";
         conf.clearProperty(key);
         assertNull(conf.getProperty(key));
         assertNull(conf.getProperty(key));
         key = "clear.list.item";
         assertNotNull(conf.getProperty(key));
         assertNotNull(conf.getProperty(key));
     }
 
     @Test
     void testClearAttributeNonExisting() {
         final String key = "clear[@id]";
         conf.clearProperty(key);
         assertNull(conf.getProperty(key));
         assertNull(conf.getProperty(key));
     }
 
     @Test
     void testClearAttributeSingle() {
         String key = "clear.element2[@id]";
         conf.clearProperty(key);
         assertNull(conf.getProperty(key));
         assertNull(conf.getProperty(key));
         key = "clear.element2";
         assertNotNull(conf.getProperty(key));
         assertNotNull(conf.getProperty(key));
     }
 
     @Test
     void testClearPropertyCData() {
         final String key = "clear.cdata";
         conf.clearProperty(key);
         assertNull(conf.getProperty(key));
         assertNull(conf.getProperty(key));
     }
 
     @Test
     void testClearPropertyMultipleDisjoined() throws Exception {
         final String key = "list.item";
         conf.clearProperty(key);
         assertNull(conf.getProperty(key));
         assertNull(conf.getProperty(key));
     }
 
     @Test
     void testClearPropertyMultipleSiblings() {
         String key = "clear.list.item";
         conf.clearProperty(key);
         assertNull(conf.getProperty(key));
         assertNull(conf.getProperty(key));
         key = "clear.list.item[@id]";
         assertNotNull(conf.getProperty(key));
         assertNotNull(conf.getProperty(key));
     }
 
     @Test
     void testClearPropertyNonText() {
         final String key = "clear.comment";
         conf.clearProperty(key);
         assertNull(conf.getProperty(key));
         assertNull(conf.getProperty(key));
     }
 
     @Test
     void testClearPropertyNotExisting() {
         final String key = "clearly";
         conf.clearProperty(key);
         assertNull(conf.getProperty(key));
         assertNull(conf.getProperty(key));
     }
 
     @Test
     void testClearPropertySingleElement() {
         final String key = "clear.element";
         conf.clearProperty(key);
         assertNull(conf.getProperty(key));
         assertNull(conf.getProperty(key));
     }
 
     @Test
     void testClearPropertySingleElementWithAttribute() {
         String key = "clear.element2";
         conf.clearProperty(key);
         assertNull(conf.getProperty(key));
         assertNull(conf.getProperty(key));
         key = "clear.element2[@id]";
         assertNotNull(conf.getProperty(key));
         assertNotNull(conf.getProperty(key));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests removing the text of the root element.
      */
     @Test
     void testClearTextRootElement() throws ConfigurationException {
         final String xml = "<e a=\"v\">text</e>";
         conf.clear();
         final StringReader in = new StringReader(xml);
         final FileHandler handler = new FileHandler(conf);
         handler.load(in);
         assertEquals("text", conf.getString(""));
 
         conf.clearProperty("");
         saveTestConfig();
         checkSavedConfig();
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests the clone() method.
      */
     @Test
     void testClone() {
         final Configuration c = (Configuration) conf.clone();
         final XMLConfiguration copy = assertInstanceOf(XMLConfiguration.class, c);
         assertNotNull(conf.getDocument());
         assertNull(copy.getDocument());
 
         copy.setProperty("element3", "clonedValue");
         assertEquals("value", conf.getString("element3"));
         conf.setProperty("element3[@name]", "originalFoo");
         assertEquals("foo", copy.getString("element3[@name]"));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests saving a configuration after cloning to ensure that the clone and the original are completely detached.
      */
     @Test
     void testCloneWithSave() throws ConfigurationException {
         final XMLConfiguration c = (XMLConfiguration) conf.clone();
         c.addProperty("test.newProperty", Boolean.TRUE);
         conf.addProperty("test.orgProperty", Boolean.TRUE);
         new FileHandler(c).save(testSaveConf);
         final XMLConfiguration c2 = new XMLConfiguration();
         load(c2, testSaveConf.getAbsolutePath());
         assertTrue(c2.getBoolean("test.newProperty"));
         assertFalse(c2.containsKey("test.orgProperty"));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests access to tag names with delimiter characters.
      */
     @Test
     void testComplexNames() {
         assertEquals("Name with dot", conf.getString("complexNames.my..elem"));
         assertEquals("Another dot", conf.getString("complexNames.my..elem.sub..elem"));
     }
 
     @Test
     void testConcurrentGetAndReload() throws ConfigurationException, InterruptedException {
         final FileBasedConfigurationBuilder<XMLConfiguration> builder = new FileBasedConfigurationBuilder<>(XMLConfiguration.class);
         builder.configure(new FileBasedBuilderParametersImpl().setFileName(testProperties));
         XMLConfiguration config = builder.getConfiguration();
         assertNotNull(config.getProperty("test.short"));
 
         final Thread[] testThreads = new Thread[THREAD_COUNT];
         for (int i = 0; i < testThreads.length; ++i) {
             testThreads[i] = new ReloadThread(builder);
             testThreads[i].start();
         }
 
         for (int i = 0; i < LOOP_COUNT; i++) {
             config = builder.getConfiguration();
             assertNotNull(config.getProperty("test.short"));
         }
 
         for (final Thread testThread : testThreads) {
             testThread.join();
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests the copy constructor for null input.
      */
     @Test
     void testCopyNull() {
         conf = new XMLConfiguration(null);
         assertTrue(conf.isEmpty());
         assertEquals("configuration", conf.getRootElementName());
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether the name of the root element is copied when a configuration is created using the copy constructor.
      */
     @Test
     void testCopyRootName() throws ConfigurationException {
         final String rootName = "rootElement";
         final String xml = "<" + rootName + "><test>true</test></" + rootName + ">";
         conf.clear();
         new FileHandler(conf).load(new StringReader(xml));
         XMLConfiguration copy = new XMLConfiguration(conf);
         assertEquals(rootName, copy.getRootElementName());
         new FileHandler(copy).save(testSaveConf);
         copy = new XMLConfiguration();
         load(copy, testSaveConf.getAbsolutePath());
         assertEquals(rootName, copy.getRootElementName());
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether the name of the root element is copied for a configuration for which not yet a document exists.
      */
     @Test
     void testCopyRootNameNoDocument() throws ConfigurationException {
         final String rootName = "rootElement";
         conf = new XMLConfiguration();
         conf.setRootElementName(rootName);
         conf.setProperty("test", Boolean.TRUE);
         final XMLConfiguration copy = new XMLConfiguration(conf);
         assertEquals(rootName, copy.getRootElementName());
         new FileHandler(copy).save(testSaveConf);
         load(copy, testSaveConf.getAbsolutePath());
         assertEquals(rootName, copy.getRootElementName());
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests setting a custom document builder.
      */
     @Test
     void testCustomDocBuilder() throws Exception {
         // Load an invalid XML file with the default (non validating)
         // doc builder. This should work...
         conf = new XMLConfiguration();
         load(conf, ConfigurationAssert.getTestFile("testValidateInvalid.xml").getAbsolutePath());
         assertEquals("customers", conf.getString("table.name"));
         assertFalse(conf.containsKey("table.fields.field(1).type"));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether a validating document builder detects a validation error.
      */
     @Test
     void testCustomDocBuilderValidationError() throws Exception {
         final DocumentBuilder builder = createValidatingDocBuilder();
         conf = new XMLConfiguration();
         conf.setDocumentBuilder(builder);
         final String fileName = ConfigurationAssert.getTestFile("testValidateInvalid.xml").getAbsolutePath();
         assertThrows(ConfigurationException.class, () -> load(conf, fileName));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether a valid document can be loaded with a validating document builder.
      */
     @Test
     void testCustomDocBuilderValidationSuccess() throws Exception {
         final DocumentBuilder builder = createValidatingDocBuilder();
         conf = new XMLConfiguration();
         conf.setDocumentBuilder(builder);
         load(conf, ConfigurationAssert.getTestFile("testValidateValid.xml").getAbsolutePath());
         assertTrue(conf.containsKey("table.fields.field(1).type"));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests string properties with list delimiters when delimiter parsing is disabled
      */
     @Test
     void testDelimiterParsingDisabled() throws ConfigurationException {
         final XMLConfiguration conf2 = new XMLConfiguration();
         load(conf2, testProperties);
 
         assertEquals("a,b,c", conf2.getString("split.list3[@values]"));
         assertEquals(0, conf2.getMaxIndex("split.list3[@values]"));
         assertEquals("a\\,b\\,c", conf2.getString("split.list4[@values]"));
         assertEquals("a,b,c", conf2.getString("split.list1"));
         assertEquals(0, conf2.getMaxIndex("split.list1"));
         assertEquals("a\\,b\\,c", conf2.getString("split.list2"));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether string properties with list delimiters can be accessed if delimiter parsing is disabled and the XPath
      * expression engine is used.
      */
     @Test
     void testDelimiterParsingDisabledXPath() throws ConfigurationException {
         final XMLConfiguration conf2 = new XMLConfiguration();
         conf2.setExpressionEngine(new XPathExpressionEngine());
         load(conf2, testProperties);
 
         assertEquals("a,b,c", conf2.getString("split/list3/@values"));
         assertEquals(0, conf2.getMaxIndex("split/list3/@values"));
         assertEquals("a\\,b\\,c", conf2.getString("split/list4/@values"));
         assertEquals("a,b,c", conf2.getString("split/list1"));
         assertEquals(0, conf2.getMaxIndex("split/list1"));
         assertEquals("a\\,b\\,c", conf2.getString("split/list2"));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether a DTD can be accessed.
      */
     @Test
     void testDtd() throws ConfigurationException {
         conf = new XMLConfiguration();
         load(conf, "testDtd.xml");
         assertEquals("value1", conf.getString("entry(0)"));
         assertEquals("test2", conf.getString("entry(1)[@key]"));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether an attribute can be set to an empty string. This test is related to CONFIGURATION-446.
      */
     @Test
     void testEmptyAttribute() throws ConfigurationException {
         final String key = "element3[@value]";
         conf.setProperty(key, "");
         assertTrue(conf.containsKey(key));
         assertEquals("", conf.getString(key));
         saveTestConfig();
         conf = new XMLConfiguration();
         load(conf, testSaveConf.getAbsolutePath());
         assertTrue(conf.containsKey(key));
         assertEquals("", conf.getString(key));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests handling of empty elements.
      */
     @Test
     void testEmptyElements() throws ConfigurationException {
         assertTrue(conf.containsKey("empty"));
         assertEquals("", conf.getString("empty"));
         conf.addProperty("empty2", "");
         conf.setProperty("empty", "no more empty");
         saveTestConfig();
 
         conf = new XMLConfiguration();
         load(conf, testSaveConf.getAbsolutePath());
         assertEquals("no more empty", conf.getString("empty"));
         assertEquals("", conf.getProperty("empty2"));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests the isEmpty() method for an empty configuration that was reloaded.
      */
     @Test
     void testEmptyReload() throws ConfigurationException {
         conf = new XMLConfiguration();
         assertTrue(conf.isEmpty());
         saveTestConfig();
         load(conf, testSaveConf.getAbsolutePath());
         assertTrue(conf.isEmpty());
     }
 
     @Test
     void testGetAttribute() {
         assertEquals("foo", conf.getProperty("element3[@name]"));
     }
 
     @Test
     void testGetCommentedProperty() {
         assertEquals("", conf.getProperty("test.comment"));
     }
 
     @Test
     void testGetComplexProperty() {
         assertEquals("I'm complex!", conf.getProperty("element2.subelement.subsubelement"));
     }
 
     @Test
     void testgetProperty() {
         // test non-leaf element
         Object property = conf.getProperty("clear");
         assertNull(property);
 
         // test non-existent element
         property = conf.getProperty("e");
         assertNull(property);
 
         // test non-existent element
         property = conf.getProperty("element3[@n]");
         assertNull(property);
 
         // test single element
         property = conf.getProperty("element");
         assertInstanceOf(String.class, property);
         assertEquals("value", property);
 
         // test single attribute
         property = conf.getProperty("element3[@name]");
         assertInstanceOf(String.class, property);
         assertEquals("foo", property);
 
         // test non-text/cdata element
         property = conf.getProperty("test.comment");
         assertEquals("", property);
 
         // test cdata element
         property = conf.getProperty("test.cdata");
         assertInstanceOf(String.class, property);
         assertEquals("<cdata value>", property);
 
         // test multiple sibling elements
         property = conf.getProperty("list.sublist.item");
         List<?> list = assertInstanceOf(List.class, property);
         assertEquals(Arrays.asList("five", "six"), list);
 
         // test multiple, disjoined elements
         property = conf.getProperty("list.item");
         list = assertInstanceOf(List.class, property);
         assertEquals(Arrays.asList("one", "two", "three", "four"), list);
 
         // test multiple, disjoined attributes
         property = conf.getProperty("list.item[@name]");
         list = assertInstanceOf(List.class, property);
         assertEquals(Arrays.asList("one", "three"), list);
     }
 
     @Test
     void testGetProperty() {
         assertEquals("value", conf.getProperty("element"));
     }
 
     @Test
     void testGetPropertyWithXMLEntity() {
         assertEquals("1<2", conf.getProperty("test.entity"));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests the copy constructor.
      */
     @Test
     void testInitCopy() throws ConfigurationException {
         final XMLConfiguration copy = new XMLConfiguration(conf);
         copy.setListDelimiterHandler(new DefaultListDelimiterHandler(','));
         assertEquals("value", copy.getProperty("element"));
         assertNull(copy.getDocument());
 
         new FileHandler(copy).save(testSaveConf);
         checkSavedConfig();
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests list nodes with multiple values and attributes.
      */
     @Test
     void testListWithAttributes() {
         assertEquals(6, conf.getList("attrList.a").size());
         assertEquals("ABC", conf.getString("attrList.a(0)"));
         assertEquals("x", conf.getString("attrList.a(0)[@name]"));
         assertEquals(6, conf.getList("attrList.a[@name]").size());
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests a list node with attributes that has multiple values separated by the list delimiter. In this scenario the
      * attribute should be added to all list nodes.
      */
     @Test
     void testListWithAttributesMultiValue() {
         assertEquals("1", conf.getString("attrList.a(1)"));
         assertEquals("y", conf.getString("attrList.a(1)[@name]"));
         for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {
             assertEquals(i, conf.getInt("attrList.a(" + i + ")"));
             assertEquals("y", conf.getString("attrList.a(" + i + ")[@name]"));
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests a list node with multiple values and multiple attributes. All attribute values should be assigned to all list
      * nodes.
      */
     @Test
     void testListWithMultipleAttributesMultiValue() {
         for (int i = 1; i <= 2; i++) {
             final String idxStr = String.format("(%d)", Integer.valueOf(i + 3));
             final String nodeKey = "attrList.a" + idxStr;
             assertEquals("value" + i, conf.getString(nodeKey));
             assertEquals("u", conf.getString(nodeKey + "[@name]"));
             assertEquals("yes", conf.getString(nodeKey + "[@test]"));
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests constructing an XMLConfiguration from a non existing file and later saving to this file.
      */
     @Test
     void testLoadAndSaveFromFile() throws Exception {
         // If the file does not exist, an empty config is created
         assertFalse(testSaveConf.exists());
         final FileBasedConfigurationBuilder<XMLConfiguration> builder = new FileBasedConfigurationBuilder<>(XMLConfiguration.class, null, true);
         builder.configure(new FileBasedBuilderParametersImpl().setFile(testSaveConf));
         conf = builder.getConfiguration();
         assertTrue(conf.isEmpty());
         conf.addProperty("test", "yes");
         builder.save();
 
         final XMLConfiguration checkConfig = createFromFile(testSaveConf.getAbsolutePath());
         assertEquals("yes", checkConfig.getString("test"));
     }
 
     @Test
     void testLoadChildNamespace() throws ConfigurationException {
         conf = new XMLConfiguration();
         new FileHandler(conf).load(ConfigurationAssert.getTestFile("testChildNamespace.xml"));
         assertEquals("http://example.com/", conf.getString("foo:bar.[@xmlns:foo]"));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests loading from a stream.
      */
     @Test
     void testLoadFromStream() throws Exception {
         final String xml = "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?><config><test>1</test></config>";
         conf = new XMLConfiguration();
         FileHandler handler = new FileHandler(conf);
         handler.load(new ByteArrayInputStream(xml.getBytes()));
         assertEquals(1, conf.getInt("test"));
 
         conf = new XMLConfiguration();
         handler = new FileHandler(conf);
         handler.load(new ByteArrayInputStream(xml.getBytes()), "UTF8");
         assertEquals(1, conf.getInt("test"));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests loading a non well formed XML from a string.
      */
     @Test
     void testLoadInvalidXML() throws Exception {
         final String xml = "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?><config><test>1</rest></config>";
         conf = new XMLConfiguration();
         final FileHandler handler = new FileHandler(conf);
         final StringReader reader = new StringReader(xml);
         assertThrows(ConfigurationException.class, () -> handler.load(reader));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether the encoding is correctly detected by the XML parser. This is done by loading an XML file with the
      * encoding "UTF-16". If this encoding is not detected correctly, an exception will be thrown that "Content is not
      * allowed in prolog". This test case is related to issue 34204.
      */
     @Test
     void testLoadWithEncoding() throws ConfigurationException {
         conf = new XMLConfiguration();
         new FileHandler(conf).load(ConfigurationAssert.getTestFile("testEncoding.xml"));
         assertEquals("test3_yoge", conf.getString("yoge"));
     }
 
     @Test
     void testLoadWithRootNamespace() throws ConfigurationException {
         conf = new XMLConfiguration();
         new FileHandler(conf).load(ConfigurationAssert.getTestFile("testRootNamespace.xml"));
         assertEquals("http://example.com/", conf.getString("[@xmlns:foo]"));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests that attribute values are not split.
      */
     @Test
     void testNoDelimiterParsingInAttrValues() throws ConfigurationException {
         conf.clear();
         load(conf, testProperties);
         final List<Object> expr = conf.getList("expressions[@value]");
         assertEquals(Arrays.asList("a || (b && c) | !d"), expr);
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether an attribute value can be overridden.
      */
     @Test
     void testOverrideAttribute() {
         conf.addProperty("element3[@name]", "bar");
 
         final List<Object> list = conf.getList("element3[@name]");
         assertEquals(Arrays.asList("bar"), list);
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether spaces are preserved when the xml:space attribute is set.
      */
     @Test
     void testPreserveSpace() {
         assertEquals(" ", conf.getString("space.blank"));
         assertEquals(" * * ", conf.getString("space.stars"));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests an xml:space attribute with an invalid value. This will be interpreted as default.
      */
     @Test
     void testPreserveSpaceInvalid() {
         assertEquals("Some other text", conf.getString("space.testInvalid"));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether the xml:space attribute works directly on the current element. This test is related to
      * CONFIGURATION-555.
      */
     @Test
     void testPreserveSpaceOnElement() {
         assertEquals(" preserved ", conf.getString("spaceElement"));
         assertEquals("   ", conf.getString("spaceBlankElement"));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether the xml:space attribute can be overridden in nested elements.
      */
     @Test
     void testPreserveSpaceOverride() {
         assertEquals("Some text", conf.getString("space.description"));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether the public ID is accessed in a synchronized manner.
      */
     @Test
     void testPublicIdSynchronized() {
         final SynchronizerTestImpl sync = new SynchronizerTestImpl();
         conf.setSynchronizer(sync);
         conf.setPublicID(PUBLIC_ID);
         assertEquals(PUBLIC_ID, conf.getPublicID());
         sync.verify(Methods.BEGIN_WRITE, Methods.END_WRITE, Methods.BEGIN_READ, Methods.END_READ);
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests a direct invocation of the read() method. This is not allowed because certain initializations have not been
      * done. This test is related to CONFIGURATION-641.
      */
     @Test
     void testReadCalledDirectly() {
         conf = new XMLConfiguration();
         final String content = "<configuration><test>1</test></configuration>";
         final ByteArrayInputStream bis = new ByteArrayInputStream(content.getBytes());
         final ConfigurationException e = assertThrows(ConfigurationException.class, () -> conf.read(bis));
         assertTrue(e.getMessage().contains("FileHandler"));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests how to read from a DOM Node.
      */
     @Test
     void testReadDomElementManually() throws Exception {
          conf = new XMLConfiguration();
          final Element domElement = buildDomElementFixture();
          conf.initFileLocator(FileLocatorUtils.fileLocator().create());
          // Read from a DOM Element
          conf.read(new ByteArrayInputStream(nodeToByteArray(domElement)));
          assertEquals("x", conf.getString("[@attr]"));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests how to read from a DOM Node.
      */
     @Test
     void testReadDomElement() throws Exception {
          conf = new XMLConfiguration();
          final Element domElement = buildDomElementFixture();
          // Read from a DOM Element
          conf.read(domElement);
          assertEquals("x", conf.getString("[@attr]"));
     }
 
     @Test
     void testSave() throws Exception {
         // add an array of strings to the configuration
         conf.addProperty("string", "value1");
         for (int i = 1; i < 5; i++) {
             conf.addProperty("test.array", "value" + i);
         }
 
         // add comma delimited lists with escaped delimiters
         conf.addProperty("split.list5", "a\\,b\\,c");
         conf.setProperty("element3", "value\\,value1\\,value2");
         conf.setProperty("element3[@name]", "foo\\,bar");
 
         // save the configuration
         saveTestConfig();
 
         // read the configuration and compare the properties
         checkSavedConfig();
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests saving a configuration that was created from a hierarchical configuration. This test exposes bug
      * CONFIGURATION-301.
      */
     @Test
     void testSaveAfterCreateWithCopyConstructor() throws ConfigurationException {
         final HierarchicalConfiguration<ImmutableNode> hc = conf.configurationAt("element2");
         conf = new XMLConfiguration(hc);
         saveTestConfig();
         final XMLConfiguration checkConfig = checkSavedConfig();
         assertEquals("element2", checkConfig.getRootElementName());
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests saving attributes (related to issue 34442).
      */
     @Test
     void testSaveAttributes() throws Exception {
         conf.clear();
         load(conf, testProperties);
         saveTestConfig();
         conf = new XMLConfiguration();
         load(conf, testSaveConf.getAbsolutePath());
         assertEquals("foo", conf.getString("element3[@name]"));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests saving and loading a configuration when delimiter parsing is disabled.
      */
     @Test
     void testSaveDelimiterParsingDisabled() throws ConfigurationException {
         checkSaveDelimiterParsingDisabled("list.delimiter.test");
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests saving to a stream.
      */
     @Test
     void testSaveToStream() throws ConfigurationException, IOException {
         final FileHandler handler = new FileHandler(conf);
         try (FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(testSaveConf)) {
             handler.save(out, "UTF8");
         }
 
         checkSavedConfig(testSaveConf);
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether a configuration can be saved to a stream with a specific encoding.
      */
     @Test
     void testSaveToStreamWithEncoding() throws ConfigurationException, IOException {
         final FileHandler handler = new FileHandler(conf);
         handler.setEncoding("UTF8");
         try (FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(testSaveConf)) {
             handler.save(out);
         }
 
         checkSavedConfig(testSaveConf);
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests saving to a URL.
      */
     @Test
     void testSaveToURL() throws Exception {
         final FileHandler handler = new FileHandler(conf);
         handler.save(testSaveConf.toURI().toURL());
         checkSavedConfig(testSaveConf);
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether a windows path can be saved correctly. This test is related to CONFIGURATION-428.
      */
     @Test
     void testSaveWindowsPath() throws ConfigurationException {
         conf.clear();
         conf.setListDelimiterHandler(new DisabledListDelimiterHandler());
         conf.addProperty("path", "C:\\Temp");
         final StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
         new FileHandler(conf).save(writer);
         final String content = writer.toString();
         assertTrue(content.contains("<path>C:\\Temp</path>"), "Path not found: ");
         saveTestConfig();
         final XMLConfiguration conf2 = new XMLConfiguration();
         load(conf2, testSaveConf.getAbsolutePath());
         assertEquals("C:\\Temp", conf2.getString("path"));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests string properties with list delimiters when delimiter parsing is disabled
      */
     @Test
     void testSaveWithDelimiterParsingDisabled() throws ConfigurationException {
         conf = new XMLConfiguration();
         conf.setExpressionEngine(new XPathExpressionEngine());
         load(conf, testProperties);
 
         assertEquals("a,b,c", conf.getString("split/list3/@values"));
         assertEquals(0, conf.getMaxIndex("split/list3/@values"));
         assertEquals("a\\,b\\,c", conf.getString("split/list4/@values"));
         assertEquals("a,b,c", conf.getString("split/list1"));
         assertEquals(0, conf.getMaxIndex("split/list1"));
         assertEquals("a\\,b\\,c", conf.getString("split/list2"));
         // save the configuration
         saveTestConfig();
 
         XMLConfiguration config = new XMLConfiguration();
         // config.setExpressionEngine(new XPathExpressionEngine());
         load(config, testFile2);
         config.setProperty("Employee[@attr1]", "3,2,1");
         assertEquals("3,2,1", config.getString("Employee[@attr1]"));
         new FileHandler(config).save(testSaveFile);
         config = new XMLConfiguration();
         // config.setExpressionEngine(new XPathExpressionEngine());
         load(config, testSaveFile.getAbsolutePath());
         config.setProperty("Employee[@attr1]", "1,2,3");
         assertEquals("1,2,3", config.getString("Employee[@attr1]"));
         config.setProperty("Employee[@attr2]", "one, two, three");
         assertEquals("one, two, three", config.getString("Employee[@attr2]"));
         config.setProperty("Employee.text", "a,b,d");
         assertEquals("a,b,d", config.getString("Employee.text"));
         config.setProperty("Employee.Salary", "100,000");
         assertEquals("100,000", config.getString("Employee.Salary"));
         new FileHandler(config).save(testSaveFile);
         final XMLConfiguration checkConfig = new XMLConfiguration();
         checkConfig.setExpressionEngine(new XPathExpressionEngine());
         load(checkConfig, testSaveFile.getAbsolutePath());
         assertEquals("1,2,3", checkConfig.getString("Employee/@attr1"));
         assertEquals("one, two, three", checkConfig.getString("Employee/@attr2"));
         assertEquals("a,b,d", checkConfig.getString("Employee/text"));
         assertEquals("100,000", checkConfig.getString("Employee/Salary"));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether the DOCTYPE survives a save operation.
      */
     @Test
     void testSaveWithDoctype() throws ConfigurationException {
         conf = new XMLConfiguration();
         load(conf, "testDtdPublic.xml");
 
         assertEquals(PUBLIC_ID, conf.getPublicID());
         assertEquals(SYSTEM_ID, conf.getSystemID());
         final StringWriter out = new StringWriter();
         new FileHandler(conf).save(out);
         assertTrue(out.toString().contains(DOCTYPE));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests setting public and system IDs for the DOCTYPE and then saving the configuration. This should generate a DOCTYPE
      * declaration.
      */
     @Test
     void testSaveWithDoctypeIDs() throws ConfigurationException {
         assertNull(conf.getPublicID());
         assertNull(conf.getSystemID());
         conf.setPublicID(PUBLIC_ID);
         conf.setSystemID(SYSTEM_ID);
         final StringWriter out = new StringWriter();
         new FileHandler(conf).save(out);
         assertTrue(out.toString().contains(DOCTYPE + "testconfig" + DOCTYPE_DECL));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether the encoding is written to the generated XML file.
      */
     @Test
     void testSaveWithEncoding() throws ConfigurationException {
         conf = new XMLConfiguration();
         conf.setProperty("test", "a value");
         final FileHandler handler = new FileHandler(conf);
         handler.setEncoding(ENCODING);
 
         final StringWriter out = new StringWriter();
         handler.save(out);
         assertTrue(out.toString().contains("encoding=\"" + ENCODING + "\""));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests saving a configuration if an invalid transformer factory is specified. In this case an error is thrown by the
      * transformer factory. XMLConfiguration should not catch this error.
      */
     @Test
     void testSaveWithInvalidTransformerFactory() {
         System.setProperty(PROP_FACTORY, "an.invalid.Class");
         try {
             assertThrows(TransformerFactoryConfigurationError.class, this::saveTestConfig);
         } finally {
             System.getProperties().remove(PROP_FACTORY);
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether a default encoding is used if no specific encoding is set. According to the XSLT specification
      * (http://www.w3.org/TR/xslt#output) this should be either UTF-8 or UTF-16.
      */
     @Test
     void testSaveWithNullEncoding() throws ConfigurationException {
         conf = new XMLConfiguration();
         conf.setProperty("testNoEncoding", "yes");
         final FileHandler handler = new FileHandler(conf);
 
         final StringWriter out = new StringWriter();
         handler.save(out);
         assertTrue(out.toString().contains("encoding=\"UTF-"), "Encoding was written to file");
     }
 
     @Test
     void testSaveWithRootAttributes() throws ConfigurationException {
         conf.setProperty("[@xmlns:ex]", "http://example.com/");
         assertEquals("http://example.com/", conf.getString("[@xmlns:ex]"));
         final FileHandler handler = new FileHandler(conf);
 
         final StringWriter out = new StringWriter();
         handler.save(out);
         assertTrue(out.toString().contains("testconfig xmlns:ex=\"http://example.com/\""), "Encoding was not written to file");
     }
 
     @Test
     void testSaveWithRootAttributesByHand() throws ConfigurationException {
         conf = new XMLConfiguration();
         conf.addProperty("[@xmlns:foo]", "http://example.com/");
         assertEquals("http://example.com/", conf.getString("[@xmlns:foo]"));
         final FileHandler handler = new FileHandler(conf);
 
         final StringWriter out = new StringWriter();
         handler.save(out);
         assertTrue(out.toString().contains("configuration xmlns:foo=\"http://example.com/\""), "Encoding was not written to file");
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests modifying an XML document and saving it with schema validation enabled.
      */
     @Test
     void testSaveWithValidation() throws Exception {
         final CatalogResolver resolver = new CatalogResolver();
         resolver.setCatalogFiles(CATALOG_FILES);
         conf = new XMLConfiguration();
         conf.setEntityResolver(resolver);
         conf.setSchemaValidation(true);
         load(conf, testFile2);
         conf.setProperty("Employee.SSN", "123456789");
         final SynchronizerTestImpl sync = new SynchronizerTestImpl();
         conf.setSynchronizer(sync);
         conf.validate();
         sync.verify(Methods.BEGIN_WRITE, Methods.END_WRITE);
         saveTestConfig();
         conf = new XMLConfiguration();
         load(conf, testSaveConf.getAbsolutePath());
         assertEquals("123456789", conf.getString("Employee.SSN"));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests modifying an XML document and validating it against the schema.
      */
     @Test
     void testSaveWithValidationFailure() throws Exception {
         final CatalogResolver resolver = new CatalogResolver();
         resolver.setCatalogFiles(CATALOG_FILES);
         conf = new XMLConfiguration();
         conf.setEntityResolver(resolver);
         conf.setSchemaValidation(true);
         load(conf, testFile2);
         conf.setProperty("Employee.Email", "JohnDoe@test.org");
         final Exception e = assertThrows(Exception.class, conf::validate);
         final Throwable cause = e.getCause();
         assertInstanceOf(SAXParseException.class, cause);
     }
 
     @Test
     void testSetAttribute() {
         // replace an existing attribute
         conf.setProperty("element3[@name]", "bar");
         assertEquals("bar", conf.getProperty("element3[@name]"));
 
         // set a new attribute
         conf.setProperty("foo[@bar]", "value");
         assertEquals("value", conf.getProperty("foo[@bar]"));
 
         conf.setProperty("name1", "value1");
         assertEquals("value1", conf.getProperty("name1"));
     }
 
     @Test
     void testSetProperty() throws Exception {
         conf.setProperty("element.string", "hello");
 
         assertEquals("hello", conf.getString("element.string"));
         assertEquals("hello", conf.getProperty("element.string"));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether list properties are set correctly if delimiter parsing is disabled. This test is related to
      * CONFIGURATION-495.
      */
     @Test
     void testSetPropertyListWithDelimiterParsingDisabled() throws ConfigurationException {
         final String prop = "delimiterListProp";
         final List<String> list = Arrays.asList("val", "val2", "val3");
         conf.setProperty(prop, list);
         saveTestConfig();
         final XMLConfiguration conf2 = new XMLConfiguration();
         load(conf2, testSaveConf.getAbsolutePath());
         assertEquals(list, conf2.getProperty(prop));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests setting an attribute on the root element.
      */
     @Test
     void testSetRootAttribute() throws ConfigurationException {
         conf.setProperty("[@test]", "true");
         assertEquals("true", conf.getString("[@test]"));
         saveTestConfig();
         XMLConfiguration checkConf = checkSavedConfig();
         assertTrue(checkConf.containsKey("[@test]"));
         checkConf.setProperty("[@test]", "newValue");
         conf = checkConf;
         saveTestConfig();
         checkConf = checkSavedConfig();
         assertEquals("newValue", checkConf.getString("[@test]"));
     }
 
     @Test
     void testSetRootNamespace() throws ConfigurationException {
         conf.addProperty("[@xmlns:foo]", "http://example.com/");
         conf.addProperty("foo:bar", "foobar");
         assertEquals("http://example.com/", conf.getString("[@xmlns:foo]"));
         saveTestConfig();
         final XMLConfiguration checkConf = checkSavedConfig();
         assertTrue(checkConf.containsKey("[@xmlns:foo]"));
         checkConf.setProperty("[@xmlns:foo]", "http://example.net/");
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests setting text of the root element.
      */
     @Test
     void testSetTextRootElement() throws ConfigurationException {
         conf.setProperty("", "Root text");
         saveTestConfig();
         checkSavedConfig();
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests string properties with list delimiters and escaped delimiters.
      */
     @Test
     void testSplitLists() {
         assertEquals("a,b,c", conf.getString("split.list3[@values]"));
         assertEquals(0, conf.getMaxIndex("split.list3[@values]"));
         assertEquals("a\\,b\\,c", conf.getString("split.list4[@values]"));
         assertEquals("a", conf.getString("split.list1"));
         assertEquals(2, conf.getMaxIndex("split.list1"));
         assertEquals("a,b,c", conf.getString("split.list2"));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests the subset() method. There was a bug that calling subset() had undesired side effects.
      */
     @Test
     void testSubset() throws ConfigurationException {
         conf = new XMLConfiguration();
         load(conf, "testHierarchicalXMLConfiguration.xml");
         conf.subset("tables.table(0)");
         saveTestConfig();
 
         conf = new XMLConfiguration();
         load(conf, "testHierarchicalXMLConfiguration.xml");
         assertEquals("users", conf.getString("tables.table(0).name"));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether the system ID is accessed in a synchronized manner.
      */
     @Test
     void testSystemIdSynchronized() {
         final SynchronizerTestImpl sync = new SynchronizerTestImpl();
         conf.setSynchronizer(sync);
         conf.setSystemID(SYSTEM_ID);
         assertEquals(SYSTEM_ID, conf.getSystemID());
         sync.verify(Methods.BEGIN_WRITE, Methods.END_WRITE, Methods.BEGIN_READ, Methods.END_READ);
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests DTD validation using the setValidating() method.
      */
     @Test
     void testValidating() throws ConfigurationException {
         final File nonValidFile = ConfigurationAssert.getTestFile("testValidateInvalid.xml");
         conf = new XMLConfiguration();
         assertFalse(conf.isValidating());
 
         // Load a non valid XML document. Should work for isValidating() == false
         load(conf, nonValidFile.getAbsolutePath());
         assertEquals("customers", conf.getString("table.name"));
         assertFalse(conf.containsKey("table.fields.field(1).type"));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether an invalid file is detected when validating is enabled.
      */
     @Test
     void testValidatingInvalidFile() {
         conf = new XMLConfiguration();
         conf.setValidating(true);
         assertThrows(ConfigurationException.class, () -> load(conf, "testValidateInvalid.xml"));
     }
 
     @Test
     void testWrite() throws Exception {
         final XMLConfiguration xmlConfig = new XMLConfiguration();
         xmlConfig.setRootElementName("IAmRoot");
         final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
         xmlConfig.write(sw);
         // Check that we can parse the XML.
         assertNotNull(parseXml(sw.toString()));
     }
 
     @Test
     void testWriteIndentSize() throws Exception {
         final XMLConfiguration xmlConfig = new XMLConfiguration();
         xmlConfig.setRootElementName("IAmRoot");
         final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
         xmlConfig.setProperty("Child", "Alexander");
         xmlConfig.write(sw);
         // Check that we can parse the XML.
         final String xml = sw.toString();
         assertNotNull(parseXml(xml));
         final String indent = StringUtils.repeat(' ', XMLConfiguration.DEFAULT_INDENT_SIZE);
         assertTrue(xml.contains(System.lineSeparator() + indent + "<Child>"));
     }
 
     @Test
     void testWriteWithTransformer() throws Exception {
         final XMLConfiguration xmlConfig = new XMLConfiguration();
         xmlConfig.setRootElementName("IAmRoot");
         xmlConfig.setProperty("Child", "Alexander");
         final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
         final Transformer transformer = xmlConfig.createTransformer();
         final int indentSize = 8;
         transformer.setOutputProperty(XMLConfiguration.INDENT_AMOUNT_PROPERTY, Integer.toString(indentSize));
         xmlConfig.write(sw, transformer);
         final String xml = sw.toString();
         assertNotNull(parseXml(xml));
         final String indent = StringUtils.repeat(' ', indentSize);
         assertTrue(xml.contains(System.lineSeparator() + indent + "<Child>"));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests accessing properties when the XPATH expression engine is set.
      */
     @Test
     void testXPathExpressionEngine() {
         conf.setExpressionEngine(new XPathExpressionEngine());
         assertEquals("foo\"bar", conf.getString("test[1]/entity/@name"));
         conf.clear();
         assertNull(conf.getString("test[1]/entity/@name"));
     }
 }