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1   /*
2    * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
3    * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
4    * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
5    * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
6    * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
7    * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
8    *
9    *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
10   *
11   * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
12   * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
13   * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
14   * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
15   * limitations under the License.
16   */
17  package org.apache.commons.configuration2.tree;
18  
19  import java.util.List;
20  
21  /**
22   * <p>
23   * Definition of an interface for evaluating keys for hierarchical configurations.
24   * </p>
25   * <p>
26   * An <em>expression engine</em> knows how to map a key for a configuration's property to a single or a set of
27   * configuration nodes. Thus it defines the way how properties are addressed in this configuration. Methods of a
28   * configuration that have to handle property keys (for example {@code getProperty()} or {@code addProperty()} do not interpret
29   * the passed in keys on their own, but delegate this task to an associated expression engine. This expression engine
30   * will then find out, which configuration nodes are addressed by the key.
31   * </p>
32   * <p>
33   * Separating the task of evaluating property keys from the configuration object has the advantage that multiple
34   * different expression languages (i.e. ways for querying or setting properties) can be supported. Just set a suitable
35   * implementation of this interface as the configuration's expression engine, and you can use the syntax provided by
36   * this implementation.
37   * </p>
38   * <p>
39   * An {@code ExpressionEngine} can deal with nodes of different types. To achieve this, a {@link NodeHandler} for the
40   * desired type must be passed to the methods.
41   * </p>
42   *
43   * @since 1.3
44   */
45  public interface ExpressionEngine {
46  
47      /**
48       * Returns the key of an attribute. The passed in {@code parentKey} must reference the parent node of the attribute. A
49       * concrete implementation must concatenate this parent key with the attribute name to a valid key for this attribute.
50       *
51       * @param parentKey the key to the node owning this attribute
52       * @param attributeName the name of the attribute in question
53       * @return the resulting key referencing this attribute
54       */
55      String attributeKey(String parentKey, String attributeName);
56  
57      /**
58       * Determines a &quot;canonical&quot; key for the specified node in the expression language supported by this
59       * implementation. This means that always a unique key if generated pointing to this specific node. For most concrete
60       * implementations, this means that an index is added to the node name to ensure that there are no ambiguities with
61       * child nodes having the same names.
62       *
63       * @param <T> the type of the node to be processed
64       * @param node the node, for which the key must be constructed
65       * @param parentKey the key of this node's parent (can be <strong>null</strong> for the root node)
66       * @param handler the {@code NodeHandler} for accessing the node
67       * @return the canonical key of this node
68       */
69      <T> String canonicalKey(T node, String parentKey, NodeHandler<T> handler);
70  
71      /**
72       * Returns the key for the specified node in the expression language supported by an implementation. This method is
73       * called whenever a property key for a node has to be constructed, for example by the
74       * {@link org.apache.commons.configuration2.Configuration#getKeys() getKeys()} method.
75       *
76       * @param <T> the type of the node to be processed
77       * @param node the node, for which the key must be constructed
78       * @param parentKey the key of this node's parent (can be <strong>null</strong> for the root node)
79       * @param handler the {@code NodeHandler} for accessing the node
80       * @return this node's key
81       */
82      <T> String nodeKey(T node, String parentKey, NodeHandler<T> handler);
83  
84      /**
85       * Returns information needed for an add operation. This method gets called when new properties are to be added to a
86       * configuration. An implementation has to interpret the specified key, find the parent node for the new elements, and
87       * provide all information about new nodes to be added.
88       *
89       * @param <T> the type of the node to be processed
90       * @param root the root node
91       * @param key the key for the new property
92       * @param handler the {@code NodeHandler} for accessing the node
93       * @return an object with all information needed for the add operation
94       */
95      <T> NodeAddData<T> prepareAdd(T root, String key, NodeHandler<T> handler);
96  
97      /**
98       * Finds the nodes and/or attributes that are matched by the specified key. This is the main method for interpreting
99       * property keys. An implementation must traverse the given root node and its children to find all results that are
100      * matched by the given key. If the key is not correct in the syntax provided by that implementation, it is free to
101      * throw a (runtime) exception indicating this error condition. The passed in {@code NodeHandler} can be used to gather
102      * the required information from the node object.
103      *
104      * @param <T> the type of the node to be processed
105      * @param root the root node of a hierarchy of nodes
106      * @param key the key to be evaluated
107      * @param handler the {@code NodeHandler} for accessing the node
108      * @return a list with the results that are matched by the key (should never be <strong>null</strong>)
109      */
110     <T> List<QueryResult<T>> query(T root, String key, NodeHandler<T> handler);
111 }