/*
    * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
    * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
    * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
    * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
    * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
    * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
    *
    *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
   *
   * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
   * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
   * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
   * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
   * limitations under the License.
   */
  package org.apache.commons.dbcp2.cpdsadapter;
  
  import java.io.PrintWriter;
  import java.io.Serializable;
  import java.sql.Connection;
  import java.sql.DriverManager;
  import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
  import java.sql.SQLException;
  import java.sql.SQLFeatureNotSupportedException;
  import java.time.Duration;
  import java.util.Hashtable;
  import java.util.Properties;
  import java.util.logging.Logger;
  
  import javax.naming.Context;
  import javax.naming.Name;
  import javax.naming.NamingException;
  import javax.naming.RefAddr;
  import javax.naming.Reference;
  import javax.naming.Referenceable;
  import javax.naming.StringRefAddr;
  import javax.naming.spi.ObjectFactory;
  import javax.sql.ConnectionPoolDataSource;
  import javax.sql.DataSource;
  import javax.sql.PooledConnection;
  
  import org.apache.commons.dbcp2.Constants;
  import org.apache.commons.dbcp2.DelegatingPreparedStatement;
  import org.apache.commons.dbcp2.PStmtKey;
  import org.apache.commons.dbcp2.Utils;
  import org.apache.commons.pool2.KeyedObjectPool;
  import org.apache.commons.pool2.impl.BaseObjectPoolConfig;
  import org.apache.commons.pool2.impl.GenericKeyedObjectPool;
  import org.apache.commons.pool2.impl.GenericKeyedObjectPoolConfig;
  
  /**
   * <p>
   * An adapter for JDBC drivers that do not include an implementation of {@link javax.sql.ConnectionPoolDataSource}, but
   * still include a {@link java.sql.DriverManager} implementation. {@link ConnectionPoolDataSource}s are not used
   * within general applications. They are used by {@link DataSource} implementations that pool
   * {@link Connection}s, such as {@link org.apache.commons.dbcp2.datasources.SharedPoolDataSource}. A J2EE container
   * will normally provide some method of initializing the {@link ConnectionPoolDataSource} whose attributes are
   * presented as bean getters/setters and then deploying it via JNDI. It is then available as a source of physical
   * connections to the database, when the pooling {@link DataSource} needs to create a new physical connection.
   * </p>
   * <p>
   * Although normally used within a JNDI environment, the DriverAdapterCPDS can be instantiated and initialized as any
   * bean and then attached directly to a pooling {@link DataSource}. {@code Jdbc2PoolDataSource} can use the
   * {@link ConnectionPoolDataSource} with or without the use of JNDI.
   * </p>
   * <p>
   * The DriverAdapterCPDS also provides {@link PreparedStatement} pooling which is not generally available in jdbc2
   * {@link ConnectionPoolDataSource} implementation, but is addressed within the JDBC 3 specification. The
   * {@link PreparedStatement} pool in DriverAdapterCPDS has been in the DBCP package for some time, but it has not
   * undergone extensive testing in the configuration used here. It should be considered experimental and can be toggled
   * with the poolPreparedStatements attribute.
   * </p>
   * <p>
   * The <a href="package-summary.html">package documentation</a> contains an example using Apache Catalina and JNDI. The
   * <a href="../datasources/package-summary.html">datasources package documentation</a> shows how to use
   * {@code DriverAdapterCPDS} as a source for {@code Jdbc2PoolDataSource} without the use of JNDI.
   * </p>
   *
   * @since 2.0
   */
  public class DriverAdapterCPDS implements ConnectionPoolDataSource, Referenceable, Serializable, ObjectFactory {
  
      private static final String KEY_MIN_EVICTABLE_IDLE_DURATION = "minEvictableIdleDuration";
  
      private static final String KEY_DURATION_BETWEEN_EVICTION_RUNS = "durationBetweenEvictionRuns";
  
      private static final String KEY_LOGIN_TIMEOUT = "loginTimeout";
  
      private static final String KEY_URL = "url";
  
      private static final String KEY_DRIVER = "driver";
  
      private static final String KEY_DESCRIPTION = "description";
  
      private static final String KEY_ACCESS_TO_UNDERLYING_CONNECTION_ALLOWED = "accessToUnderlyingConnectionAllowed";
  
      private static final String KEY_MAX_PREPARED_STATEMENTS = "maxPreparedStatements";
  
     private static final String KEY_MIN_EVICTABLE_IDLE_TIME_MILLIS = "minEvictableIdleTimeMillis";
 
     private static final String KEY_NUM_TESTS_PER_EVICTION_RUN = "numTestsPerEvictionRun";
 
     private static final String KEY_TIME_BETWEEN_EVICTION_RUNS_MILLIS = "timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis";
 
     private static final String KEY_MAX_IDLE = "maxIdle";
 
     private static final String KEY_POOL_PREPARED_STATEMENTS = "poolPreparedStatements";
 
     private static final long serialVersionUID = -4820523787212147844L;
 
     private static final String GET_CONNECTION_CALLED = "A PooledConnection was already requested from this source, further initialization is not allowed.";
 
     static {
         // Attempt to prevent deadlocks - see DBCP-272
         DriverManager.getDrivers(); // NOPMD
     }
 
     /** Description */
     private String description;
 
     /** Connection string */
     private String connectionString;
 
     /** User name */
     private String userName;
 
     /** User password */
     private char[] userPassword;
 
     /** Driver class name */
     private String driver;
 
     /** Login TimeOut in seconds */
     private volatile int loginTimeout;
 
     /** Log stream. NOT USED */
     private transient PrintWriter logWriter;
 
     /** PreparedStatement pool property defaults to false. */
     private volatile boolean poolPreparedStatements;
 
     /** PreparedStatement pool property defaults to 10. */
     private volatile int maxIdle = 10;
 
     /** PreparedStatement pool property defaults to {@link BaseObjectPoolConfig#DEFAULT_DURATION_BETWEEN_EVICTION_RUNS}. */
     private Duration durationBetweenEvictionRuns = BaseObjectPoolConfig.DEFAULT_DURATION_BETWEEN_EVICTION_RUNS;
 
     /** PreparedStatement pool property defaults to -1. */
     private volatile int numTestsPerEvictionRun = -1;
 
     /** PreparedStatement pool property defaults to {@link BaseObjectPoolConfig#DEFAULT_MIN_EVICTABLE_IDLE_DURATION}. */
     private Duration minEvictableIdleDuration = BaseObjectPoolConfig.DEFAULT_MIN_EVICTABLE_IDLE_DURATION;
 
     /** Maximum number of prepared statements, defaults to -1, meaning no limit. */
     private volatile int maxPreparedStatements = -1;
 
     /** Whether or not getConnection has been called */
     private volatile boolean getConnectionCalled;
 
     /** Connection properties passed to JDBC Driver */
     private Properties connectionProperties;
 
     /**
      * Controls access to the underlying connection
      */
     private boolean accessToUnderlyingConnectionAllowed;
 
     /**
      * Default no-argument constructor for Serialization
      */
     public DriverAdapterCPDS() {
     }
 
     /**
      * Throws an IllegalStateException, if a PooledConnection has already been requested.
      */
     private void assertInitializationAllowed() throws IllegalStateException {
         if (getConnectionCalled) {
             throw new IllegalStateException(GET_CONNECTION_CALLED);
         }
     }
 
     private boolean getBooleanContentString(final RefAddr ra) {
         return Boolean.parseBoolean(getStringContent(ra));
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the connection properties passed to the JDBC driver.
      *
      * @return the JDBC connection properties used when creating connections.
      */
     public Properties getConnectionProperties() {
         return connectionProperties;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the value of description. This property is here for use by the code which will deploy this data source. It
      * is not used internally.
      *
      * @return value of description, may be null.
      * @see #setDescription(String)
      */
     public String getDescription() {
         return description;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the driver class name.
      *
      * @return value of driver.
      */
     public String getDriver() {
         return driver;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the duration to sleep between runs of the idle object evictor thread. When non-positive, no
      * idle object evictor thread will be run.
      *
      * @return the value of the evictor thread timer
      * @see #setDurationBetweenEvictionRuns(Duration)
      * @since 2.9.0
      */
     public Duration getDurationBetweenEvictionRuns() {
         return durationBetweenEvictionRuns;
     }
 
     private int getIntegerStringContent(final RefAddr ra) {
         return Integer.parseInt(getStringContent(ra));
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the maximum time in seconds that this data source can wait while attempting to connect to a database. NOT
      * USED.
      */
     @Override
     public int getLoginTimeout() {
         return loginTimeout;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the log writer for this data source. NOT USED.
      */
     @Override
     public PrintWriter getLogWriter() {
         return logWriter;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the maximum number of statements that can remain idle in the pool, without extra ones being released, or
      * negative for no limit.
      *
      * @return the value of maxIdle
      */
     public int getMaxIdle() {
         return maxIdle;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the maximum number of prepared statements.
      *
      * @return maxPrepartedStatements, defaults to -1, meaning no limit.
      */
     public int getMaxPreparedStatements() {
         return maxPreparedStatements;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the minimum amount of time a statement may sit idle in the pool before it is eligible for eviction by the
      * idle object evictor (if any).
      *
      * @see #setMinEvictableIdleDuration
      * @see #setDurationBetweenEvictionRuns
      * @return the minimum amount of time a statement may sit idle in the pool.
      * @since 2.9.0
      */
     public Duration getMinEvictableIdleDuration() {
         return minEvictableIdleDuration;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the minimum amount of time a statement may sit idle in the pool before it is eligible for eviction by the
      * idle object evictor (if any).
      *
      * @see #setMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis
      * @see #setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
      * @return the minimum amount of time a statement may sit idle in the pool.
      * @deprecated USe {@link #getMinEvictableIdleDuration()}.
      */
     @Deprecated
     public int getMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis() {
         return (int) minEvictableIdleDuration.toMillis();
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the number of statements to examine during each run of the idle object evictor thread (if any.)
      *
      * @see #setNumTestsPerEvictionRun
      * @see #setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
      * @return the number of statements to examine during each run of the idle object evictor thread (if any.)
      */
     public int getNumTestsPerEvictionRun() {
         return numTestsPerEvictionRun;
     }
 
     /**
      * Implements {@link ObjectFactory} to create an instance of this class
      */
     @Override
     public Object getObjectInstance(final Object refObj, final Name name, final Context context, final Hashtable<?, ?> env) throws ClassNotFoundException {
         // The spec says to return null if we can't create an instance
         // of the reference
         DriverAdapterCPDS cpds = null;
         if (refObj instanceof Reference) {
             final Reference ref = (Reference) refObj;
             if (ref.getClassName().equals(getClass().getName())) {
                 RefAddr ra = ref.get(KEY_DESCRIPTION);
                 if (isNotEmpty(ra)) {
                     setDescription(getStringContent(ra));
                 }
 
                 ra = ref.get(KEY_DRIVER);
                 if (isNotEmpty(ra)) {
                     setDriver(getStringContent(ra));
                 }
                 ra = ref.get(KEY_URL);
                 if (isNotEmpty(ra)) {
                     setUrl(getStringContent(ra));
                 }
                 ra = ref.get(Constants.KEY_USER);
                 if (isNotEmpty(ra)) {
                     setUser(getStringContent(ra));
                 }
                 ra = ref.get(Constants.KEY_PASSWORD);
                 if (isNotEmpty(ra)) {
                     setPassword(getStringContent(ra));
                 }
 
                 ra = ref.get(KEY_POOL_PREPARED_STATEMENTS);
                 if (isNotEmpty(ra)) {
                     setPoolPreparedStatements(getBooleanContentString(ra));
                 }
                 ra = ref.get(KEY_MAX_IDLE);
                 if (isNotEmpty(ra)) {
                     setMaxIdle(getIntegerStringContent(ra));
                 }
 
                 ra = ref.get(KEY_TIME_BETWEEN_EVICTION_RUNS_MILLIS);
                 if (isNotEmpty(ra)) {
                     setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis(getIntegerStringContent(ra));
                 }
 
                 ra = ref.get(KEY_NUM_TESTS_PER_EVICTION_RUN);
                 if (isNotEmpty(ra)) {
                     setNumTestsPerEvictionRun(getIntegerStringContent(ra));
                 }
 
                 ra = ref.get(KEY_MIN_EVICTABLE_IDLE_TIME_MILLIS);
                 if (isNotEmpty(ra)) {
                     setMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis(getIntegerStringContent(ra));
                 }
 
                 ra = ref.get(KEY_MAX_PREPARED_STATEMENTS);
                 if (isNotEmpty(ra)) {
                     setMaxPreparedStatements(getIntegerStringContent(ra));
                 }
 
                 ra = ref.get(KEY_ACCESS_TO_UNDERLYING_CONNECTION_ALLOWED);
                 if (isNotEmpty(ra)) {
                     setAccessToUnderlyingConnectionAllowed(getBooleanContentString(ra));
                 }
 
                 cpds = this;
             }
         }
         return cpds;
     }
 
     @Override
     public Logger getParentLogger() throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException {
         throw new SQLFeatureNotSupportedException();
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the value of password for the default user.
      *
      * @return value of password.
      */
     public String getPassword() {
         return Utils.toString(userPassword);
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the value of password for the default user.
      *
      * @return value of password.
      * @since 2.4.0
      */
     public char[] getPasswordCharArray() {
         return Utils.clone(userPassword);
     }
 
     /**
      * Attempts to establish a database connection using the default user and password.
      */
     @Override
     public PooledConnection getPooledConnection() throws SQLException {
         return getPooledConnection(getUser(), getPassword());
     }
 
     /**
      * Attempts to establish a database connection.
      *
      * @param pooledUserName name to be used for the connection
      * @param pooledUserPassword password to be used fur the connection
      */
     @Override
     public PooledConnection getPooledConnection(final String pooledUserName, final String pooledUserPassword) throws SQLException {
         getConnectionCalled = true;
         if (connectionProperties != null) {
             update(connectionProperties, Constants.KEY_USER, pooledUserName);
             update(connectionProperties, Constants.KEY_PASSWORD, pooledUserPassword);
         }
         // Workaround for buggy WebLogic 5.1 class loader - ignore ClassCircularityError upon first invocation.
         PooledConnectionImpl pooledConnection = null;
         try {
             pooledConnection = getPooledConnectionImpl(pooledUserName, pooledUserPassword);
         } catch (final ClassCircularityError e) {
             pooledConnection = getPooledConnectionImpl(pooledUserName, pooledUserPassword);
         }
         if (isPoolPreparedStatements()) {
             final GenericKeyedObjectPoolConfig<DelegatingPreparedStatement> config = new GenericKeyedObjectPoolConfig<>();
             config.setMaxTotalPerKey(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
             config.setBlockWhenExhausted(false);
             config.setMaxWait(Duration.ZERO);
             config.setMaxIdlePerKey(getMaxIdle());
             if (getMaxPreparedStatements() <= 0) {
                 // Since there is no limit, create a prepared statement pool with an eviction thread;
                 // evictor settings are the same as the connection pool settings.
                 config.setTimeBetweenEvictionRuns(getDurationBetweenEvictionRuns());
                 config.setNumTestsPerEvictionRun(getNumTestsPerEvictionRun());
                 config.setMinEvictableIdleDuration(getMinEvictableIdleDuration());
             } else {
                 // Since there is a limit, create a prepared statement pool without an eviction thread;
                 // pool has LRU functionality so when the limit is reached, 15% of the pool is cleared.
                 // see org.apache.commons.pool2.impl.GenericKeyedObjectPool.clearOldest method
                 config.setMaxTotal(getMaxPreparedStatements());
                 config.setTimeBetweenEvictionRuns(Duration.ofMillis(-1));
                 config.setNumTestsPerEvictionRun(0);
                 config.setMinEvictableIdleDuration(Duration.ZERO);
             }
             @SuppressWarnings("resource") // PooledConnectionImpl closes
             final KeyedObjectPool<PStmtKey, DelegatingPreparedStatement> stmtPool = new GenericKeyedObjectPool<>(pooledConnection, config);
             pooledConnection.setStatementPool(stmtPool);
         }
         return pooledConnection;
     }
 
     @SuppressWarnings("resource") // Caller closes
     private PooledConnectionImpl getPooledConnectionImpl(final String pooledUserName, final String pooledUserPassword) throws SQLException {
         PooledConnectionImpl pooledConnection;
         if (connectionProperties != null) {
             pooledConnection = new PooledConnectionImpl(DriverManager.getConnection(getUrl(), connectionProperties));
         } else {
             pooledConnection = new PooledConnectionImpl(DriverManager.getConnection(getUrl(), pooledUserName, pooledUserPassword));
         }
         pooledConnection.setAccessToUnderlyingConnectionAllowed(isAccessToUnderlyingConnectionAllowed());
         return pooledConnection;
     }
 
     /**
      * Implements {@link Referenceable}.
      */
     @Override
     public Reference getReference() throws NamingException {
         // this class implements its own factory
         final String factory = getClass().getName();
 
         final Reference ref = new Reference(getClass().getName(), factory, null);
 
         ref.add(new StringRefAddr(KEY_DESCRIPTION, getDescription()));
         ref.add(new StringRefAddr(KEY_DRIVER, getDriver()));
         ref.add(new StringRefAddr(KEY_LOGIN_TIMEOUT, String.valueOf(getLoginTimeout())));
         ref.add(new StringRefAddr(Constants.KEY_PASSWORD, getPassword()));
         ref.add(new StringRefAddr(Constants.KEY_USER, getUser()));
         ref.add(new StringRefAddr(KEY_URL, getUrl()));
 
         ref.add(new StringRefAddr(KEY_POOL_PREPARED_STATEMENTS, String.valueOf(isPoolPreparedStatements())));
         ref.add(new StringRefAddr(KEY_MAX_IDLE, String.valueOf(getMaxIdle())));
         ref.add(new StringRefAddr(KEY_NUM_TESTS_PER_EVICTION_RUN, String.valueOf(getNumTestsPerEvictionRun())));
         ref.add(new StringRefAddr(KEY_MAX_PREPARED_STATEMENTS, String.valueOf(getMaxPreparedStatements())));
         //
         // Pair of current and deprecated.
         ref.add(new StringRefAddr(KEY_DURATION_BETWEEN_EVICTION_RUNS, String.valueOf(getDurationBetweenEvictionRuns())));
         ref.add(new StringRefAddr(KEY_TIME_BETWEEN_EVICTION_RUNS_MILLIS, String.valueOf(getTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis())));
         //
         // Pair of current and deprecated.
         ref.add(new StringRefAddr(KEY_MIN_EVICTABLE_IDLE_DURATION, String.valueOf(getMinEvictableIdleDuration())));
         ref.add(new StringRefAddr(KEY_MIN_EVICTABLE_IDLE_TIME_MILLIS, String.valueOf(getMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis())));
 
         return ref;
     }
 
     private String getStringContent(final RefAddr ra) {
         return ra.getContent().toString();
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the number of milliseconds to sleep between runs of the idle object evictor thread. When non-positive, no
      * idle object evictor thread will be run.
      *
      * @return the value of the evictor thread timer
      * @see #setDurationBetweenEvictionRuns(Duration)
      * @deprecated Use {@link #getDurationBetweenEvictionRuns()}.
      */
     @Deprecated
     public long getTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis() {
         return durationBetweenEvictionRuns.toMillis();
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the value of connection string used to locate the database for this data source.
      *
      * @return value of connection string.
      */
     public String getUrl() {
         return connectionString;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the value of default user (login or user name).
      *
      * @return value of user.
      */
     public String getUser() {
         return userName;
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns the value of the accessToUnderlyingConnectionAllowed property.
      *
      * @return true if access to the underlying is allowed, false otherwise.
      */
     public synchronized boolean isAccessToUnderlyingConnectionAllowed() {
         return this.accessToUnderlyingConnectionAllowed;
     }
 
     private boolean isNotEmpty(final RefAddr ra) {
         return ra != null && ra.getContent() != null;
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether to toggle the pooling of {@link PreparedStatement}s
      *
      * @return value of poolPreparedStatements.
      */
     public boolean isPoolPreparedStatements() {
         return poolPreparedStatements;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the value of the accessToUnderlyingConnectionAllowed property. It controls if the PoolGuard allows access to
      * the underlying connection. (Default: false)
      *
      * @param allow Access to the underlying connection is granted when true.
      */
     public synchronized void setAccessToUnderlyingConnectionAllowed(final boolean allow) {
         this.accessToUnderlyingConnectionAllowed = allow;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the connection properties passed to the JDBC driver.
      * <p>
      * If {@code props} contains "user" and/or "password" properties, the corresponding instance properties are
      * set. If these properties are not present, they are filled in using {@link #getUser()}, {@link #getPassword()}
      * when {@link #getPooledConnection()} is called, or using the actual parameters to the method call when
      * {@link #getPooledConnection(String, String)} is called. Calls to {@link #setUser(String)} or
      * {@link #setPassword(String)} overwrite the values of these properties if {@code connectionProperties} is not
      * null.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param props Connection properties to use when creating new connections.
      * @throws IllegalStateException if {@link #getPooledConnection()} has been called
      */
     public void setConnectionProperties(final Properties props) {
         assertInitializationAllowed();
         connectionProperties = props;
         if (connectionProperties != null) {
             final String user = connectionProperties.getProperty(Constants.KEY_USER);
             if (user != null) {
                 setUser(user);
             }
             final String password = connectionProperties.getProperty(Constants.KEY_PASSWORD);
             if (password != null) {
                 setPassword(password);
             }
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the value of description. This property is here for use by the code which will deploy this datasource. It is
      * not used internally.
      *
      * @param description Value to assign to description.
      */
     public void setDescription(final String description) {
         this.description = description;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the driver class name. Setting the driver class name cause the driver to be registered with the
      * DriverManager.
      *
      * @param driver Value to assign to driver.
      * @throws IllegalStateException if {@link #getPooledConnection()} has been called
      * @throws ClassNotFoundException if the class cannot be located
      */
     public void setDriver(final String driver) throws ClassNotFoundException {
         assertInitializationAllowed();
         this.driver = driver;
         // make sure driver is registered
         Class.forName(driver);
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the duration to sleep between runs of the idle object evictor thread. When non-positive, no
      * idle object evictor thread will be run.
      *
      * @param durationBetweenEvictionRuns The duration to sleep between runs of the idle object evictor
      *        thread. When non-positive, no idle object evictor thread will be run.
      * @see #getDurationBetweenEvictionRuns()
      * @throws IllegalStateException if {@link #getPooledConnection()} has been called
      * @since 2.9.0
      */
     public void setDurationBetweenEvictionRuns(final Duration durationBetweenEvictionRuns) {
         assertInitializationAllowed();
         this.durationBetweenEvictionRuns = durationBetweenEvictionRuns;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the maximum time in seconds that this data source will wait while attempting to connect to a database. NOT
      * USED.
      */
     @Override
     public void setLoginTimeout(final int seconds) {
         this.loginTimeout = seconds;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the log writer for this data source. NOT USED.
      */
     @Override
     public void setLogWriter(final PrintWriter logWriter) {
         this.logWriter = logWriter;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the maximum number of statements that can remain idle in the pool, without extra ones being released, or
      * negative for no limit.
      *
      * @param maxIdle The maximum number of statements that can remain idle
      * @throws IllegalStateException if {@link #getPooledConnection()} has been called
      */
     public void setMaxIdle(final int maxIdle) {
         assertInitializationAllowed();
         this.maxIdle = maxIdle;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the maximum number of prepared statements.
      *
      * @param maxPreparedStatements the new maximum number of prepared statements, &lt;= 0 means no limit.
      */
     public void setMaxPreparedStatements(final int maxPreparedStatements) {
         this.maxPreparedStatements = maxPreparedStatements;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the minimum amount of time a statement may sit idle in the pool before it is eligible for eviction by the
      * idle object evictor (if any). When non-positive, no objects will be evicted from the pool due to idle time alone.
      *
      * @param minEvictableIdleDuration minimum time to set in milliseconds.
      * @see #getMinEvictableIdleDuration()
      * @see #setDurationBetweenEvictionRuns(Duration)
      * @throws IllegalStateException if {@link #getPooledConnection()} has been called.
      * @since 2.9.0
      */
     public void setMinEvictableIdleDuration(final Duration minEvictableIdleDuration) {
         assertInitializationAllowed();
         this.minEvictableIdleDuration = minEvictableIdleDuration;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the minimum amount of time a statement may sit idle in the pool before it is eligible for eviction by the
      * idle object evictor (if any). When non-positive, no objects will be evicted from the pool due to idle time alone.
      *
      * @param minEvictableIdleTimeMillis minimum time to set in milliseconds.
      * @see #getMinEvictableIdleDuration()
      * @see #setDurationBetweenEvictionRuns(Duration)
      * @throws IllegalStateException if {@link #getPooledConnection()} has been called
      * @deprecated Use {@link #setMinEvictableIdleDuration(Duration)}.
      */
     @Deprecated
     public void setMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis(final int minEvictableIdleTimeMillis) {
         assertInitializationAllowed();
         this.minEvictableIdleDuration = Duration.ofMillis(minEvictableIdleTimeMillis);
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the number of statements to examine during each run of the idle object evictor thread (if any).
      * <p>
      * When a negative value is supplied,
      * {@code ceil({@link BasicDataSource#getNumIdle})/abs({@link #getNumTestsPerEvictionRun})} tests will be run.
      * I.e., when the value is <em>-n</em>, roughly one <em>n</em>th of the idle objects will be tested per run.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param numTestsPerEvictionRun number of statements to examine per run
      * @see #getNumTestsPerEvictionRun()
      * @see #setDurationBetweenEvictionRuns(Duration)
      * @throws IllegalStateException if {@link #getPooledConnection()} has been called
      */
     public void setNumTestsPerEvictionRun(final int numTestsPerEvictionRun) {
         assertInitializationAllowed();
         this.numTestsPerEvictionRun = numTestsPerEvictionRun;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the value of password for the default user.
      *
      * @param userPassword Value to assign to password.
      * @throws IllegalStateException if {@link #getPooledConnection()} has been called
      */
     public void setPassword(final char[] userPassword) {
         assertInitializationAllowed();
         this.userPassword = Utils.clone(userPassword);
         update(connectionProperties, Constants.KEY_PASSWORD, Utils.toString(this.userPassword));
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the value of password for the default user.
      *
      * @param userPassword Value to assign to password.
      * @throws IllegalStateException if {@link #getPooledConnection()} has been called
      */
     public void setPassword(final String userPassword) {
         assertInitializationAllowed();
         this.userPassword = Utils.toCharArray(userPassword);
         update(connectionProperties, Constants.KEY_PASSWORD, userPassword);
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets whether to toggle the pooling of {@link PreparedStatement}s
      *
      * @param poolPreparedStatements true to pool statements.
      * @throws IllegalStateException if {@link #getPooledConnection()} has been called
      */
     public void setPoolPreparedStatements(final boolean poolPreparedStatements) {
         assertInitializationAllowed();
         this.poolPreparedStatements = poolPreparedStatements;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the number of milliseconds to sleep between runs of the idle object evictor thread. When non-positive, no
      * idle object evictor thread will be run.
      *
      * @param timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis The number of milliseconds to sleep between runs of the idle object evictor
      *        thread. When non-positive, no idle object evictor thread will be run.
      * @see #getDurationBetweenEvictionRuns()
      * @throws IllegalStateException if {@link #getPooledConnection()} has been called
      * @deprecated Use {@link #setDurationBetweenEvictionRuns(Duration)}.
      */
     @Deprecated
     public void setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis(final long timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis) {
         assertInitializationAllowed();
         this.durationBetweenEvictionRuns = Duration.ofMillis(timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis);
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the value of URL string used to locate the database for this data source.
      *
      * @param connectionString Value to assign to connection string.
      * @throws IllegalStateException if {@link #getPooledConnection()} has been called
      */
     public void setUrl(final String connectionString) {
         assertInitializationAllowed();
         this.connectionString = connectionString;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the value of default user (login or user name).
      *
      * @param userName Value to assign to user.
      * @throws IllegalStateException if {@link #getPooledConnection()} has been called
      */
     public void setUser(final String userName) {
         assertInitializationAllowed();
         this.userName = userName;
         update(connectionProperties, Constants.KEY_USER, userName);
     }
 
     /**
      * Does not print the userName and userPassword field nor the 'user' or 'password' in the connectionProperties.
      *
      * @since 2.6.0
      */
     @Override
     public synchronized String toString() {
         final StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(super.toString());
         builder.append("[description=");
         builder.append(description);
         builder.append(", connectionString=");
         // TODO What if the connection string contains a 'user' or 'password' query parameter but that connection string
         // is not in a legal URL format?
         builder.append(connectionString);
         builder.append(", driver=");
         builder.append(driver);
         builder.append(", loginTimeout=");
         builder.append(loginTimeout);
         builder.append(", poolPreparedStatements=");
         builder.append(poolPreparedStatements);
         builder.append(", maxIdle=");
         builder.append(maxIdle);
         builder.append(", timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis=");
         builder.append(durationBetweenEvictionRuns);
         builder.append(", numTestsPerEvictionRun=");
         builder.append(numTestsPerEvictionRun);
         builder.append(", minEvictableIdleTimeMillis=");
         builder.append(minEvictableIdleDuration);
         builder.append(", maxPreparedStatements=");
         builder.append(maxPreparedStatements);
         builder.append(", getConnectionCalled=");
         builder.append(getConnectionCalled);
         builder.append(", connectionProperties=");
         builder.append(Utils.cloneWithoutCredentials(connectionProperties));
         builder.append(", accessToUnderlyingConnectionAllowed=");
         builder.append(accessToUnderlyingConnectionAllowed);
         builder.append("]");
         return builder.toString();
     }
 
     private void update(final Properties properties, final String key, final String value) {
         if (properties != null && key != null) {
             if (value == null) {
                 properties.remove(key);
             } else {
                 properties.setProperty(key, value);
             }
         }
     }
 }