org.apache.commons.lang.enums.Enum
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java.lang.Object
Abstract superclass for type-safe enums.
One feature of the C programming language lacking in Java is enumerations. The C implementation based on ints was poor and open to abuse. The original Java recommendation and most of the JDK also uses int constants. It has been recognised however that a more robust type-safe class-based solution can be designed. This class follows the basic Java type-safe enumeration pattern.
NOTE: Due to the way in which Java ClassLoaders work, comparing
Enum objects should always be done using equals(), not ==.
The equals() method will try == first so in most cases the effect is the same.
Of course, if you actually want (or don't mind) Enums in different class
loaders being non-equal, then you can use ==.
To use this class, it must be subclassed. For example:
public final class ColorEnum extends Enum {
public static final ColorEnum RED = new ColorEnum("Red");
public static final ColorEnum GREEN = new ColorEnum("Green");
public static final ColorEnum BLUE = new ColorEnum("Blue");
private ColorEnum(String color) {
super(color);
}
public static ColorEnum getEnum(String color) {
return (ColorEnum) getEnum(ColorEnum.class, color);
}
public static Map getEnumMap() {
return getEnumMap(ColorEnum.class);
}
public static List getEnumList() {
return getEnumList(ColorEnum.class);
}
public static Iterator iterator() {
return iterator(ColorEnum.class);
}
}
As shown, each enum has a name. This can be accessed using getName.
The getEnum and iterator methods are recommended.
Unfortunately, Java restrictions require these to be coded as shown in each subclass.
An alternative choice is to use the EnumUtils class.
A hierarchy of Enum classes can be built. In this case, the superclass is unaffected by the addition of subclasses (as per normal Java). The subclasses may add additional Enum constants of the type of the superclass. The query methods on the subclass will return all of the Enum constants from the superclass and subclass.
public final class ExtraColorEnum extends ColorEnum {
// NOTE: Color enum declared above is final, change that to get this
// example to compile.
public static final ColorEnum YELLOW = new ExtraColorEnum("Yellow");
private ExtraColorEnum(String color) {
super(color);
}
public static ColorEnum getEnum(String color) {
return (ColorEnum) getEnum(ExtraColorEnum.class, color);
}
public static Map getEnumMap() {
return getEnumMap(ExtraColorEnum.class);
}
public static List getEnumList() {
return getEnumList(ExtraColorEnum.class);
}
public static Iterator iterator() {
return iterator(ExtraColorEnum.class);
}
}
This example will return RED, GREEN, BLUE, YELLOW from the List and iterator methods in that order. The RED, GREEN and BLUE instances will be the same (==) as those from the superclass ColorEnum. Note that YELLOW is declared as a ColorEnum and not an ExtraColorEnum.
The enums can have functionality by defining subclasses and
overriding the getEnumClass() method:
public static final OperationEnum PLUS = new PlusOperation();
private static final class PlusOperation extends OperationEnum {
private PlusOperation() {
super("Plus");
}
public int eval(int a, int b) {
return a + b;
}
}
public static final OperationEnum MINUS = new MinusOperation();
private static final class MinusOperation extends OperationEnum {
private MinusOperation() {
super("Minus");
}
public int eval(int a, int b) {
return a - b;
}
}
private OperationEnum(String color) {
super(color);
}
public final Class getEnumClass() { // NOTE: new method!
return OperationEnum.class;
}
public abstract double eval(double a, double b);
public static OperationEnum getEnum(String name) {
return (OperationEnum) getEnum(OperationEnum.class, name);
}
public static Map getEnumMap() {
return getEnumMap(OperationEnum.class);
}
public static List getEnumList() {
return getEnumList(OperationEnum.class);
}
public static Iterator iterator() {
return iterator(OperationEnum.class);
}
}
The code above will work on JDK 1.2. If JDK1.3 and later is used, the subclasses may be defined as anonymous.
Care must be taken with class loading when defining a static nested class for enums. The static nested class can be loaded without the surrounding outer class being loaded. This can result in an empty list/map/iterator being returned. One solution is to define a static block that references the outer class where the constants are defined. For example:
public final class Outer {
public static final BWEnum BLACK = new BWEnum("Black");
public static final BWEnum WHITE = new BWEnum("White");
// static nested enum class
public static final class BWEnum extends Enum {
static {
// explicitly reference BWEnum class to force constants to load
Object obj = Outer.BLACK;
}
// ... other methods omitted
}
}
Although the above solves the problem, it is not recommended. The best solution is to define the constants in the enum class, and hold references in the outer class:
public final class Outer {
public static final BWEnum BLACK = BWEnum.BLACK;
public static final BWEnum WHITE = BWEnum.WHITE;
// static nested enum class
public static final class BWEnum extends Enum {
// only define constants in enum classes - private if desired
private static final BWEnum BLACK = new BWEnum("Black");
private static final BWEnum WHITE = new BWEnum("White");
// ... other methods omitted
}
}
For more details, see the 'Nested' test cases.
Enums were added to Java in Java 5.0. The main differences between Lang's implementation and the new official JDK implementation are:
Generally people should use the standard Enum. Migrating from the Lang enum to the standard Enum is not as easy as it might be due to the lack of class inheritence in standard Enums. This means that it's not possible to provide a 'super-enum' which could provide the same utility methods that the Lang enum does. The following utility class is a Java 5.0 version of our EnumUtils class and provides those utility methods.
import java.util.*;
public class EnumUtils {
public static Enum getEnum(Class enumClass, String token) {
return Enum.valueOf(enumClass, token);
}
public static Map getEnumMap(Class enumClass) {
HashMap map = new HashMap();
Iterator itr = EnumUtils.iterator(enumClass);
while(itr.hasNext()) {
Enum enm = (Enum) itr.next();
map.put( enm.name(), enm );
}
return map;
}
public static List getEnumList(Class enumClass) {
return new ArrayList( EnumSet.allOf(enumClass) );
}
public static Iterator iterator(Class enumClass) {
return EnumUtils.getEnumList(enumClass).iterator();
}
}
| Field Summary | |
protected java.lang.String |
iToString
The toString representation of the Enum. |
| Constructor Summary | |
protected |
Enum(java.lang.String name)
Constructor to add a new named item to the enumeration. |
| Method Summary | |
int |
compareTo(java.lang.Object other)
Tests for order. |
boolean |
equals(java.lang.Object other)
Tests for equality. |
protected static Enum |
getEnum(java.lang.Class enumClass,
java.lang.String name)
Gets an Enum object by class and name. |
java.lang.Class |
getEnumClass()
Retrieves the Class of this Enum item, set in the constructor. |
protected static java.util.List |
getEnumList(java.lang.Class enumClass)
Gets the List of Enum objects using the
Enum class. |
protected static java.util.Map |
getEnumMap(java.lang.Class enumClass)
Gets the Map of Enum objects by
name using the Enum class. |
java.lang.String |
getName()
Retrieve the name of this Enum item, set in the constructor. |
int |
hashCode()
Returns a suitable hashCode for the enumeration. |
protected static java.util.Iterator |
iterator(java.lang.Class enumClass)
Gets an Iterator over the Enum objects in
an Enum class. |
protected java.lang.Object |
readResolve()
Handle the deserialization of the class to ensure that multiple copies are not wastefully created, or illegal enum types created. |
java.lang.String |
toString()
Human readable description of this Enum item. |
| Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object |
clone, finalize, getClass, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait |
| Field Detail |
protected transient java.lang.String iToString
| Constructor Detail |
protected Enum(java.lang.String name)
Constructor to add a new named item to the enumeration.
name - the name of the enum object,
must not be empty or null
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - if the name is null
or an empty string
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - if the getEnumClass() method returns
a null or invalid Class| Method Detail |
protected java.lang.Object readResolve()
Handle the deserialization of the class to ensure that multiple copies are not wastefully created, or illegal enum types created.
protected static Enum getEnum(java.lang.Class enumClass,
java.lang.String name)
Gets an Enum object by class and name.
enumClass - the class of the Enum to get, must not
be nullname - the name of the Enum to get,
may be null
null if the enum does not exist
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - if the enum class
is nullprotected static java.util.Map getEnumMap(java.lang.Class enumClass)
Gets the Map of Enum objects by
name using the Enum class.
If the requested class has no enum objects an empty
Map is returned.
enumClass - the class of the Enum to get,
must not be null
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - if the enum class is null
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - if the enum class is not a subclass of Enumprotected static java.util.List getEnumList(java.lang.Class enumClass)
Gets the List of Enum objects using the
Enum class.
The list is in the order that the objects were created (source code order).
If the requested class has no enum objects an empty List is
returned.
enumClass - the class of the Enum to get,
must not be null
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - if the enum class is null
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - if the enum class is not a subclass of Enumprotected static java.util.Iterator iterator(java.lang.Class enumClass)
Gets an Iterator over the Enum objects in
an Enum class.
The Iterator is in the order that the objects were
created (source code order). If the requested class has no enum
objects an empty Iterator is returned.
enumClass - the class of the Enum to get,
must not be null
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - if the enum class is null
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - if the enum class is not a subclass of Enumpublic final java.lang.String getName()
Retrieve the name of this Enum item, set in the constructor.
String name of this Enum itempublic java.lang.Class getEnumClass()
Retrieves the Class of this Enum item, set in the constructor.
This is normally the same as getClass(), but for
advanced Enums may be different. If overridden, it must return a
constant value.
Class of the enumpublic final boolean equals(java.lang.Object other)
Tests for equality.
Two Enum objects are considered equal if they have the same class names and the same names. Identity is tested for first, so this method usually runs fast.
If the parameter is in a different class loader than this instance, reflection is used to compare the names.
other - the other object to compare for equality
true if the Enums are equalpublic final int hashCode()
Returns a suitable hashCode for the enumeration.
public int compareTo(java.lang.Object other)
Tests for order.
The default ordering is alphabetic by name, but this can be overridden by subclasses.
If the parameter is in a different class loader than this instance, reflection is used to compare the names.
compareTo in interface java.lang.Comparableother - the other object to compare to
0 of equal
java.lang.ClassCastException - if other is not an Enum
java.lang.NullPointerException - if other is nullComparable.compareTo(Object)public java.lang.String toString()
Human readable description of this Enum item.
type[name], for example:
Color[Red]. Note that the package name is stripped from
the type name.
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