StringEscapeUtils (Apache Commons Lang 3.5 API)

java.lang.Object
- org.apache.commons.lang3.StringEscapeUtils

```
public class StringEscapeUtils
extends Object
```
Escapes and unescapes Strings for Java, Java Script, HTML and XML.

#ThreadSafe#

Since:

2.0

Field Summary

Fields
Modifier and Type	Field and Description
`static CharSequenceTranslator`	`ESCAPE_CSV` Translator object for escaping individual Comma Separated Values.
`static CharSequenceTranslator`	`ESCAPE_ECMASCRIPT` Translator object for escaping EcmaScript/JavaScript.
`static CharSequenceTranslator`	`ESCAPE_HTML3` Translator object for escaping HTML version 3.0.
`static CharSequenceTranslator`	`ESCAPE_HTML4` Translator object for escaping HTML version 4.0.
`static CharSequenceTranslator`	`ESCAPE_JAVA` Translator object for escaping Java.
`static CharSequenceTranslator`	`ESCAPE_JSON` Translator object for escaping Json.
`static CharSequenceTranslator`	`ESCAPE_XML` Deprecated. use `ESCAPE_XML10` or `ESCAPE_XML11` instead.
`static CharSequenceTranslator`	`ESCAPE_XML10` Translator object for escaping XML 1.0.
`static CharSequenceTranslator`	`ESCAPE_XML11` Translator object for escaping XML 1.1.
`static CharSequenceTranslator`	`UNESCAPE_CSV` Translator object for unescaping escaped Comma Separated Value entries.
`static CharSequenceTranslator`	`UNESCAPE_ECMASCRIPT` Translator object for unescaping escaped EcmaScript.
`static CharSequenceTranslator`	`UNESCAPE_HTML3` Translator object for unescaping escaped HTML 3.0.
`static CharSequenceTranslator`	`UNESCAPE_HTML4` Translator object for unescaping escaped HTML 4.0.
`static CharSequenceTranslator`	`UNESCAPE_JAVA` Translator object for unescaping escaped Java.
`static CharSequenceTranslator`	`UNESCAPE_JSON` Translator object for unescaping escaped Json.
`static CharSequenceTranslator`	`UNESCAPE_XML` Translator object for unescaping escaped XML.

Constructor Summary

Constructors
Constructor and Description

StringEscapeUtils()
StringEscapeUtils instances should NOT be constructed in standard programming.

Constructors
Constructor and Description
`StringEscapeUtils()` `StringEscapeUtils` instances should NOT be constructed in standard programming.

Method Summary

All Methods Static Methods Concrete Methods Deprecated Methods
Modifier and Type	Method and Description
`static String`	`escapeCsv(String input)` Returns a `String` value for a CSV column enclosed in double quotes, if required.
`static String`	`escapeEcmaScript(String input)` Escapes the characters in a `String` using EcmaScript String rules.
`static String`	`escapeHtml3(String input)` Escapes the characters in a `String` using HTML entities.
`static String`	`escapeHtml4(String input)` Escapes the characters in a `String` using HTML entities.
`static String`	`escapeJava(String input)` Escapes the characters in a `String` using Java String rules.
`static String`	`escapeJson(String input)` Escapes the characters in a `String` using Json String rules.
`static String`	`escapeXml(String input)` Deprecated. use `escapeXml10(java.lang.String)` or `escapeXml11(java.lang.String)` instead.
`static String`	`escapeXml10(String input)` Escapes the characters in a `String` using XML entities.
`static String`	`escapeXml11(String input)` Escapes the characters in a `String` using XML entities.
`static String`	`unescapeCsv(String input)` Returns a `String` value for an unescaped CSV column.
`static String`	`unescapeEcmaScript(String input)` Unescapes any EcmaScript literals found in the `String`.
`static String`	`unescapeHtml3(String input)` Unescapes a string containing entity escapes to a string containing the actual Unicode characters corresponding to the escapes.
`static String`	`unescapeHtml4(String input)` Unescapes a string containing entity escapes to a string containing the actual Unicode characters corresponding to the escapes.
`static String`	`unescapeJava(String input)` Unescapes any Java literals found in the `String`.
`static String`	`unescapeJson(String input)` Unescapes any Json literals found in the `String`.
`static String`	`unescapeXml(String input)` Unescapes a string containing XML entity escapes to a string containing the actual Unicode characters corresponding to the escapes.

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait

- Field Detail
  - ESCAPE_JAVA
```
public static final CharSequenceTranslator ESCAPE_JAVA
```
    Translator object for escaping Java. While escapeJava(String) is the expected method of use, this object allows the Java escaping functionality to be used as the foundation for a custom translator.
    
    Since:
    
    3.0
  - ESCAPE_ECMASCRIPT
```
public static final CharSequenceTranslator ESCAPE_ECMASCRIPT
```
    Translator object for escaping EcmaScript/JavaScript. While escapeEcmaScript(String) is the expected method of use, this object allows the EcmaScript escaping functionality to be used as the foundation for a custom translator.
    
    Since:
    
    3.0
  - ESCAPE_JSON
```
public static final CharSequenceTranslator ESCAPE_JSON
```
    Translator object for escaping Json. While escapeJson(String) is the expected method of use, this object allows the Json escaping functionality to be used as the foundation for a custom translator.
    
    Since:
    
    3.2
  - ESCAPE_XML
```
@Deprecated
public static final CharSequenceTranslator ESCAPE_XML
```
    Deprecated. use ESCAPE_XML10 or ESCAPE_XML11 instead.
    
    Translator object for escaping XML. While escapeXml(String) is the expected method of use, this object allows the XML escaping functionality to be used as the foundation for a custom translator.
    
    Since:
    
    3.0
  - ESCAPE_XML10
```
public static final CharSequenceTranslator ESCAPE_XML10
```
    Translator object for escaping XML 1.0. While escapeXml10(String) is the expected method of use, this object allows the XML escaping functionality to be used as the foundation for a custom translator.
    
    Since:
    
    3.3
  - ESCAPE_XML11
```
public static final CharSequenceTranslator ESCAPE_XML11
```
    Translator object for escaping XML 1.1. While escapeXml11(String) is the expected method of use, this object allows the XML escaping functionality to be used as the foundation for a custom translator.
    
    Since:
    
    3.3
  - ESCAPE_HTML3
```
public static final CharSequenceTranslator ESCAPE_HTML3
```
    Translator object for escaping HTML version 3.0. While escapeHtml3(String) is the expected method of use, this object allows the HTML escaping functionality to be used as the foundation for a custom translator.
    
    Since:
    
    3.0
  - ESCAPE_HTML4
```
public static final CharSequenceTranslator ESCAPE_HTML4
```
    Translator object for escaping HTML version 4.0. While escapeHtml4(String) is the expected method of use, this object allows the HTML escaping functionality to be used as the foundation for a custom translator.
    
    Since:
    
    3.0
  - ESCAPE_CSV
```
public static final CharSequenceTranslator ESCAPE_CSV
```
    Translator object for escaping individual Comma Separated Values. While escapeCsv(String) is the expected method of use, this object allows the CSV escaping functionality to be used as the foundation for a custom translator.
    
    Since:
    
    3.0
  - UNESCAPE_JAVA
```
public static final CharSequenceTranslator UNESCAPE_JAVA
```
    Translator object for unescaping escaped Java. While unescapeJava(String) is the expected method of use, this object allows the Java unescaping functionality to be used as the foundation for a custom translator.
    
    Since:
    
    3.0
  - UNESCAPE_ECMASCRIPT
```
public static final CharSequenceTranslator UNESCAPE_ECMASCRIPT
```
    Translator object for unescaping escaped EcmaScript. While unescapeEcmaScript(String) is the expected method of use, this object allows the EcmaScript unescaping functionality to be used as the foundation for a custom translator.
    
    Since:
    
    3.0
  - UNESCAPE_JSON
```
public static final CharSequenceTranslator UNESCAPE_JSON
```
    Translator object for unescaping escaped Json. While unescapeJson(String) is the expected method of use, this object allows the Json unescaping functionality to be used as the foundation for a custom translator.
    
    Since:
    
    3.2
  - UNESCAPE_HTML3
```
public static final CharSequenceTranslator UNESCAPE_HTML3
```
    Translator object for unescaping escaped HTML 3.0. While unescapeHtml3(String) is the expected method of use, this object allows the HTML unescaping functionality to be used as the foundation for a custom translator.
    
    Since:
    
    3.0
  - UNESCAPE_HTML4
```
public static final CharSequenceTranslator UNESCAPE_HTML4
```
    Translator object for unescaping escaped HTML 4.0. While unescapeHtml4(String) is the expected method of use, this object allows the HTML unescaping functionality to be used as the foundation for a custom translator.
    
    Since:
    
    3.0
  - UNESCAPE_XML
```
public static final CharSequenceTranslator UNESCAPE_XML
```
    Translator object for unescaping escaped XML. While unescapeXml(String) is the expected method of use, this object allows the XML unescaping functionality to be used as the foundation for a custom translator.
    
    Since:
    
    3.0
  - UNESCAPE_CSV
```
public static final CharSequenceTranslator UNESCAPE_CSV
```
    Translator object for unescaping escaped Comma Separated Value entries. While unescapeCsv(String) is the expected method of use, this object allows the CSV unescaping functionality to be used as the foundation for a custom translator.
    
    Since:
    
    3.0
- Constructor Detail
  - StringEscapeUtils
```
public StringEscapeUtils()
```
    StringEscapeUtils instances should NOT be constructed in standard programming.
    
    Instead, the class should be used as:
```
StringEscapeUtils.escapeJava("foo");
```
    This constructor is public to permit tools that require a JavaBean instance to operate.
- Method Detail
  - escapeJava
```
public static final String escapeJava(String input)
```
    Escapes the characters in a String using Java String rules.
    
    Deals correctly with quotes and control-chars (tab, backslash, cr, ff, etc.)
    
    So a tab becomes the characters '\\' and 't'.
    
    The only difference between Java strings and JavaScript strings is that in JavaScript, a single quote and forward-slash (/) are escaped.
    
    Example:
```
 input string: He didn't say, "Stop!"
 output string: He didn't say, \"Stop!\"
 
```
    Parameters:
    
    input - String to escape values in, may be null
    
    Returns:
    
    String with escaped values, null if null string input
  - escapeEcmaScript
```
public static final String escapeEcmaScript(String input)
```
    Escapes the characters in a String using EcmaScript String rules.
    
    Escapes any values it finds into their EcmaScript String form. Deals correctly with quotes and control-chars (tab, backslash, cr, ff, etc.)
    
    So a tab becomes the characters '\\' and 't'.
    
    The only difference between Java strings and EcmaScript strings is that in EcmaScript, a single quote and forward-slash (/) are escaped.
    
    Note that EcmaScript is best known by the JavaScript and ActionScript dialects.
    
    Example:
```
 input string: He didn't say, "Stop!"
 output string: He didn\'t say, \"Stop!\"
 
```
    Parameters:
    
    input - String to escape values in, may be null
    
    Returns:
    
    String with escaped values, null if null string input
    
    Since:
    
    3.0
  - escapeJson
```
public static final String escapeJson(String input)
```
    Escapes the characters in a String using Json String rules.
    
    Escapes any values it finds into their Json String form. Deals correctly with quotes and control-chars (tab, backslash, cr, ff, etc.)
    
    So a tab becomes the characters '\\' and 't'.
    
    The only difference between Java strings and Json strings is that in Json, forward-slash (/) is escaped.
    
    See http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4627.txt for further details.
    
    Example:
```
 input string: He didn't say, "Stop!"
 output string: He didn't say, \"Stop!\"
 
```
    Parameters:
    
    input - String to escape values in, may be null
    
    Returns:
    
    String with escaped values, null if null string input
    
    Since:
    
    3.2
  - unescapeJava
```
public static final String unescapeJava(String input)
```
    Unescapes any Java literals found in the String. For example, it will turn a sequence of '\' and 'n' into a newline character, unless the '\' is preceded by another '\'.
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - the String to unescape, may be null
    
    Returns:
    
    a new unescaped String, null if null string input
  - unescapeEcmaScript
```
public static final String unescapeEcmaScript(String input)
```
    Unescapes any EcmaScript literals found in the String.
    
    For example, it will turn a sequence of '\' and 'n' into a newline character, unless the '\' is preceded by another '\'.
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - the String to unescape, may be null
    
    Returns:
    
    A new unescaped String, null if null string input
    
    Since:
    
    3.0
    
    See Also:
    
    unescapeJava(String)
  - unescapeJson
```
public static final String unescapeJson(String input)
```
    Unescapes any Json literals found in the String.
    
    For example, it will turn a sequence of '\' and 'n' into a newline character, unless the '\' is preceded by another '\'.
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - the String to unescape, may be null
    
    Returns:
    
    A new unescaped String, null if null string input
    
    Since:
    
    3.2
    
    See Also:
    
    unescapeJava(String)
  - escapeHtml4
```
public static final String escapeHtml4(String input)
```
    Escapes the characters in a String using HTML entities.
    
    For example:
    
    "bread" & "butter"
    becomes:
    "bread" & "butter".
    
    Supports all known HTML 4.0 entities, including funky accents. Note that the commonly used apostrophe escape character (') is not a legal entity and so is not supported).
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - the String to escape, may be null
    
    Returns:
    
    a new escaped String, null if null string input
    
    Since:
    
    3.0
    
    See Also:
    
    ISO Entities, HTML 3.2 Character Entities for ISO Latin-1, HTML 4.0 Character entity references, HTML 4.01 Character References, HTML 4.01 Code positions
  - escapeHtml3
```
public static final String escapeHtml3(String input)
```
    Escapes the characters in a String using HTML entities.
    
    Supports only the HTML 3.0 entities.
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - the String to escape, may be null
    
    Returns:
    
    a new escaped String, null if null string input
    
    Since:
    
    3.0
  - unescapeHtml4
```
public static final String unescapeHtml4(String input)
```
    Unescapes a string containing entity escapes to a string containing the actual Unicode characters corresponding to the escapes. Supports HTML 4.0 entities.
    
    For example, the string "<Français>" will become "<Français>"
    
    If an entity is unrecognized, it is left alone, and inserted verbatim into the result string. e.g. ">&zzzz;x" will become ">&zzzz;x".
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - the String to unescape, may be null
    
    Returns:
    
    a new unescaped String, null if null string input
    
    Since:
    
    3.0
  - unescapeHtml3
```
public static final String unescapeHtml3(String input)
```
    Unescapes a string containing entity escapes to a string containing the actual Unicode characters corresponding to the escapes. Supports only HTML 3.0 entities.
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - the String to unescape, may be null
    
    Returns:
    
    a new unescaped String, null if null string input
    
    Since:
    
    3.0
  - escapeXml
```
@Deprecated
public static final String escapeXml(String input)
```
    Deprecated. use escapeXml10(java.lang.String) or escapeXml11(java.lang.String) instead.
    
    Escapes the characters in a String using XML entities.
    
    For example: "bread" & "butter" => "bread" & "butter".
    
    Supports only the five basic XML entities (gt, lt, quot, amp, apos). Does not support DTDs or external entities.
    
    Note that Unicode characters greater than 0x7f are as of 3.0, no longer escaped. If you still wish this functionality, you can achieve it via the following: StringEscapeUtils.ESCAPE_XML.with( NumericEntityEscaper.between(0x7f, Integer.MAX_VALUE) );
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - the String to escape, may be null
    
    Returns:
    
    a new escaped String, null if null string input
    
    See Also:
    
    unescapeXml(java.lang.String)
  - escapeXml10
```
public static String escapeXml10(String input)
```
    Escapes the characters in a String using XML entities.
    
    For example: "bread" & "butter" => "bread" & "butter".
    
    Note that XML 1.0 is a text-only format: it cannot represent control characters or unpaired Unicode surrogate codepoints, even after escaping. escapeXml10 will remove characters that do not fit in the following ranges:
    
    #x9 | #xA | #xD | [#x20-#xD7FF] | [#xE000-#xFFFD] | [#x10000-#x10FFFF]
    
    Though not strictly necessary, escapeXml10 will escape characters in the following ranges:
    
    [#x7F-#x84] | [#x86-#x9F]
    
    The returned string can be inserted into a valid XML 1.0 or XML 1.1 document. If you want to allow more non-text characters in an XML 1.1 document, use escapeXml11(String).
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - the String to escape, may be null
    
    Returns:
    
    a new escaped String, null if null string input
    
    Since:
    
    3.3
    
    See Also:
    
    unescapeXml(java.lang.String)
  - escapeXml11
```
public static String escapeXml11(String input)
```
    Escapes the characters in a String using XML entities.
    
    For example: "bread" & "butter" => "bread" & "butter".
    
    XML 1.1 can represent certain control characters, but it cannot represent the null byte or unpaired Unicode surrogate codepoints, even after escaping. escapeXml11 will remove characters that do not fit in the following ranges:
    
    [#x1-#xD7FF] | [#xE000-#xFFFD] | [#x10000-#x10FFFF]
    
    escapeXml11 will escape characters in the following ranges:
    
    [#x1-#x8] | [#xB-#xC] | [#xE-#x1F] | [#x7F-#x84] | [#x86-#x9F]
    
    The returned string can be inserted into a valid XML 1.1 document. Do not use it for XML 1.0 documents.
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - the String to escape, may be null
    
    Returns:
    
    a new escaped String, null if null string input
    
    Since:
    
    3.3
    
    See Also:
    
    unescapeXml(java.lang.String)
  - unescapeXml
```
public static final String unescapeXml(String input)
```
    Unescapes a string containing XML entity escapes to a string containing the actual Unicode characters corresponding to the escapes.
    
    Supports only the five basic XML entities (gt, lt, quot, amp, apos). Does not support DTDs or external entities.
    
    Note that numerical \\u Unicode codes are unescaped to their respective Unicode characters. This may change in future releases.
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - the String to unescape, may be null
    
    Returns:
    
    a new unescaped String, null if null string input
    
    See Also:
    
    escapeXml(String), escapeXml10(String), escapeXml11(String)
  - escapeCsv
```
public static final String escapeCsv(String input)
```
    Returns a String value for a CSV column enclosed in double quotes, if required.
    
    If the value contains a comma, newline or double quote, then the String value is returned enclosed in double quotes.
    
    Any double quote characters in the value are escaped with another double quote.
    
    If the value does not contain a comma, newline or double quote, then the String value is returned unchanged.
    see Wikipedia and RFC 4180.
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - the input CSV column String, may be null
    
    Returns:
    
    the input String, enclosed in double quotes if the value contains a comma, newline or double quote, null if null string input
    
    Since:
    
    2.4
  - unescapeCsv
```
public static final String unescapeCsv(String input)
```
    Returns a String value for an unescaped CSV column.
    
    If the value is enclosed in double quotes, and contains a comma, newline or double quote, then quotes are removed.
    
    Any double quote escaped characters (a pair of double quotes) are unescaped to just one double quote.
    
    If the value is not enclosed in double quotes, or is and does not contain a comma, newline or double quote, then the String value is returned unchanged.
    see Wikipedia and RFC 4180.
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - the input CSV column String, may be null
    
    Returns:
    
    the input String, with enclosing double quotes removed and embedded double quotes unescaped, null if null string input
    
    Since:
    
    2.4

Class StringEscapeUtils

Field Summary

Constructor Summary

Method Summary

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

Field Detail

ESCAPE_JAVA

ESCAPE_ECMASCRIPT

ESCAPE_JSON

ESCAPE_XML

ESCAPE_XML10

ESCAPE_XML11

ESCAPE_HTML3

ESCAPE_HTML4

ESCAPE_CSV

UNESCAPE_JAVA

UNESCAPE_ECMASCRIPT

UNESCAPE_JSON

UNESCAPE_HTML3

UNESCAPE_HTML4

UNESCAPE_XML

UNESCAPE_CSV

Constructor Detail

StringEscapeUtils

Method Detail

escapeJava

escapeEcmaScript

escapeJson

unescapeJava

unescapeEcmaScript

unescapeJson

escapeHtml4

escapeHtml3

unescapeHtml4

unescapeHtml3

escapeXml

escapeXml10

escapeXml11

unescapeXml

escapeCsv

unescapeCsv