/*
    * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
    * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
    * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
    * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
    * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
    * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
    *
    *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
   *
   * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
   * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
   * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
   * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
   * limitations under the License.
   */
  package org.apache.commons.lang3.builder;
  
  import java.io.Serializable;
  import java.lang.reflect.Array;
  import java.util.Collection;
  import java.util.Map;
  import java.util.Map.Entry;
  import java.util.Objects;
  import java.util.WeakHashMap;
  
  import org.apache.commons.lang3.ClassUtils;
  import org.apache.commons.lang3.ObjectUtils;
  import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringEscapeUtils;
  import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
  
  /**
   * Controls {@link String} formatting for {@link ToStringBuilder}.
   * The main public interface is always via {@link ToStringBuilder}.
   *
   * <p>These classes are intended to be used as <em>singletons</em>.
   * There is no need to instantiate a new style each time. A program
   * will generally use one of the predefined constants on this class.
   * Alternatively, the {@link StandardToStringStyle} class can be used
   * to set the individual settings. Thus most styles can be achieved
   * without subclassing.</p>
   *
   * <p>If required, a subclass can override as many or as few of the
   * methods as it requires. Each object type (from {@code boolean}
   * to {@code long} to {@link Object} to {@code int[]}) has
   * its own methods to output it. Most have two versions, detail and summary.
   *
   * <p>For example, the detail version of the array based methods will
   * output the whole array, whereas the summary method will just output
   * the array length.</p>
   *
   * <p>If you want to format the output of certain objects, such as dates, you
   * must create a subclass and override a method.
   * </p>
   * <pre>
   * public class MyStyle extends ToStringStyle {
   *   protected void appendDetail(StringBuffer buffer, String fieldName, Object value) {
   *     if (value instanceof Date) {
   *       value = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd").format(value);
   *     }
   *     buffer.append(value);
   *   }
   * }
   * </pre>
   *
   * @since 1.0
   */
  @SuppressWarnings("deprecation") // StringEscapeUtils
  public abstract class ToStringStyle implements Serializable {
  
      /**
       * Default {@link ToStringStyle}.
       *
       * <p>This is an inner class rather than using
       * {@link StandardToStringStyle} to ensure its immutability.</p>
       */
      private static final class DefaultToStringStyle extends ToStringStyle {
  
          /**
           * Required for serialization support.
           *
           * @see java.io.Serializable
           */
          private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
  
          /**
           * Constructs a new instance.
           *
           * <p>Use the static constant rather than instantiating.</p>
           */
          DefaultToStringStyle() {
          }
  
          /**
           * Ensure Singleton after serialization.
           *
           * @return the singleton
           */
          private Object readResolve() {
             return DEFAULT_STYLE;
         }
 
     }
 
     /**
      * {@link ToStringStyle} that outputs with JSON format.
      *
      * <p>
      * This is an inner class rather than using
      * {@link StandardToStringStyle} to ensure its immutability.
      * </p>
      *
      * @since 3.4
      * @see <a href="https://www.json.org/">json.org</a>
      */
     private static final class JsonToStringStyle extends ToStringStyle {
 
         private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
 
         private static final String FIELD_NAME_QUOTE = "\"";
 
         /**
          * Constructs a new instance.
          *
          * <p>
          * Use the static constant rather than instantiating.
          * </p>
          */
         JsonToStringStyle() {
             this.setUseClassName(false);
             this.setUseIdentityHashCode(false);
 
             this.setContentStart("{");
             this.setContentEnd("}");
 
             this.setArrayStart("[");
             this.setArrayEnd("]");
 
             this.setFieldSeparator(",");
             this.setFieldNameValueSeparator(":");
 
             this.setNullText("null");
 
             this.setSummaryObjectStartText("\"<");
             this.setSummaryObjectEndText(">\"");
 
             this.setSizeStartText("\"<size=");
             this.setSizeEndText(">\"");
         }
 
         @Override
         public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName,
                            final boolean[] array, final Boolean fullDetail) {
 
             if (fieldName == null) {
                 throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
                         "Field names are mandatory when using JsonToStringStyle");
             }
             if (!isFullDetail(fullDetail)) {
                 throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
                         "FullDetail must be true when using JsonToStringStyle");
             }
 
             super.append(buffer, fieldName, array, fullDetail);
         }
 
         @Override
         public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final byte[] array,
                            final Boolean fullDetail) {
 
             if (fieldName == null) {
                 throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
                         "Field names are mandatory when using JsonToStringStyle");
             }
             if (!isFullDetail(fullDetail)) {
                 throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
                         "FullDetail must be true when using JsonToStringStyle");
             }
 
             super.append(buffer, fieldName, array, fullDetail);
         }
 
         @Override
         public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final char[] array,
                            final Boolean fullDetail) {
 
             if (fieldName == null) {
                 throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
                         "Field names are mandatory when using JsonToStringStyle");
             }
             if (!isFullDetail(fullDetail)) {
                 throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
                         "FullDetail must be true when using JsonToStringStyle");
             }
 
             super.append(buffer, fieldName, array, fullDetail);
         }
 
         @Override
         public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName,
                            final double[] array, final Boolean fullDetail) {
 
             if (fieldName == null) {
                 throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
                         "Field names are mandatory when using JsonToStringStyle");
             }
             if (!isFullDetail(fullDetail)) {
                 throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
                         "FullDetail must be true when using JsonToStringStyle");
             }
 
             super.append(buffer, fieldName, array, fullDetail);
         }
 
         @Override
         public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName,
                            final float[] array, final Boolean fullDetail) {
 
             if (fieldName == null) {
                 throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
                         "Field names are mandatory when using JsonToStringStyle");
             }
             if (!isFullDetail(fullDetail)) {
                 throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
                         "FullDetail must be true when using JsonToStringStyle");
             }
 
             super.append(buffer, fieldName, array, fullDetail);
         }
 
         @Override
         public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final int[] array,
                            final Boolean fullDetail) {
 
             if (fieldName == null) {
                 throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
                         "Field names are mandatory when using JsonToStringStyle");
             }
             if (!isFullDetail(fullDetail)) {
                 throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
                         "FullDetail must be true when using JsonToStringStyle");
             }
 
             super.append(buffer, fieldName, array, fullDetail);
         }
 
         @Override
         public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final long[] array,
                            final Boolean fullDetail) {
 
             if (fieldName == null) {
                 throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
                         "Field names are mandatory when using JsonToStringStyle");
             }
             if (!isFullDetail(fullDetail)) {
                 throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
                         "FullDetail must be true when using JsonToStringStyle");
             }
 
             super.append(buffer, fieldName, array, fullDetail);
         }
 
         @Override
         public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final Object value,
                            final Boolean fullDetail) {
 
             if (fieldName == null) {
                 throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
                         "Field names are mandatory when using JsonToStringStyle");
             }
             if (!isFullDetail(fullDetail)) {
                 throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
                         "FullDetail must be true when using JsonToStringStyle");
             }
 
             super.append(buffer, fieldName, value, fullDetail);
         }
 
         @Override
         public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName,
                            final Object[] array, final Boolean fullDetail) {
 
             if (fieldName == null) {
                 throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
                         "Field names are mandatory when using JsonToStringStyle");
             }
             if (!isFullDetail(fullDetail)) {
                 throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
                         "FullDetail must be true when using JsonToStringStyle");
             }
 
             super.append(buffer, fieldName, array, fullDetail);
         }
 
         @Override
         public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName,
                            final short[] array, final Boolean fullDetail) {
 
             if (fieldName == null) {
                 throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
                         "Field names are mandatory when using JsonToStringStyle");
             }
             if (!isFullDetail(fullDetail)) {
                 throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
                         "FullDetail must be true when using JsonToStringStyle");
             }
 
             super.append(buffer, fieldName, array, fullDetail);
         }
 
         @Override
         protected void appendDetail(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final char value) {
             appendValueAsString(buffer, String.valueOf(value));
         }
 
         @Override
         protected void appendDetail(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final Collection<?> coll) {
             if (coll != null && !coll.isEmpty()) {
                 buffer.append(getArrayStart());
                 int i = 0;
                 for (final Object item : coll) {
                     appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, i++, item);
                 }
                 buffer.append(getArrayEnd());
                 return;
             }
 
             buffer.append(coll);
         }
 
         @Override
         protected void appendDetail(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final Map<?, ?> map) {
             if (map != null && !map.isEmpty()) {
                 buffer.append(getContentStart());
 
                 boolean firstItem = true;
                 for (final Entry<?, ?> entry : map.entrySet()) {
                     final String keyStr = Objects.toString(entry.getKey(), null);
                     if (keyStr != null) {
                         if (firstItem) {
                             firstItem = false;
                         } else {
                             appendFieldEnd(buffer, keyStr);
                         }
                         appendFieldStart(buffer, keyStr);
                         final Object value = entry.getValue();
                         if (value == null) {
                             appendNullText(buffer, keyStr);
                         } else {
                             appendInternal(buffer, keyStr, value, true);
                         }
                     }
                 }
 
                 buffer.append(getContentEnd());
                 return;
             }
 
             buffer.append(map);
         }
 
         @Override
         protected void appendDetail(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final Object value) {
 
             if (value == null) {
                 appendNullText(buffer, fieldName);
                 return;
             }
 
             if (value instanceof String || value instanceof Character) {
                 appendValueAsString(buffer, value.toString());
                 return;
             }
 
             if (value instanceof Number || value instanceof Boolean) {
                 buffer.append(value);
                 return;
             }
 
             final String valueAsString = value.toString();
             if (isJsonObject(valueAsString) || isJsonArray(valueAsString)) {
                 buffer.append(value);
                 return;
             }
 
             appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, valueAsString);
         }
 
         @Override
         protected void appendFieldStart(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName) {
 
             if (fieldName == null) {
                 throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
                         "Field names are mandatory when using JsonToStringStyle");
             }
 
             super.appendFieldStart(buffer, FIELD_NAME_QUOTE + StringEscapeUtils.escapeJson(fieldName)
                     + FIELD_NAME_QUOTE);
         }
 
         /**
          * Appends the given String enclosed in double-quotes to the given StringBuffer.
          *
          * @param buffer the StringBuffer to append the value to.
          * @param value the value to append.
          */
         private void appendValueAsString(final StringBuffer buffer, final String value) {
             buffer.append('"').append(StringEscapeUtils.escapeJson(value)).append('"');
         }
 
         private boolean isJsonArray(final String valueAsString) {
             return valueAsString.startsWith(getArrayStart())
                     && valueAsString.endsWith(getArrayEnd());
         }
 
         private boolean isJsonObject(final String valueAsString) {
             return valueAsString.startsWith(getContentStart())
                     && valueAsString.endsWith(getContentEnd());
         }
 
         /**
          * Ensure Singleton after serialization.
          *
          * @return the singleton
          */
         private Object readResolve() {
             return JSON_STYLE;
         }
 
     }
 
     /**
      * {@link ToStringStyle} that outputs on multiple lines.
      *
      * <p>This is an inner class rather than using
      * {@link StandardToStringStyle} to ensure its immutability.</p>
      */
     private static final class MultiLineToStringStyle extends ToStringStyle {
 
         private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
 
         /**
          * Constructs a new instance.
          *
          * <p>Use the static constant rather than instantiating.</p>
          */
         MultiLineToStringStyle() {
             this.setContentStart("[");
             this.setFieldSeparator(System.lineSeparator() + "  ");
             this.setFieldSeparatorAtStart(true);
             this.setContentEnd(System.lineSeparator() + "]");
         }
 
         /**
          * Ensure Singleton after serialization.
          *
          * @return the singleton
          */
         private Object readResolve() {
             return MULTI_LINE_STYLE;
         }
 
     }
 
     /**
      * {@link ToStringStyle} that does not print out the class name
      * and identity hash code but prints content start and field names.
      *
      * <p>This is an inner class rather than using
      * {@link StandardToStringStyle} to ensure its immutability.</p>
      */
     private static final class NoClassNameToStringStyle extends ToStringStyle {
 
         private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
 
         /**
          * Constructs a new instance.
          *
          * <p>Use the static constant rather than instantiating.</p>
          */
         NoClassNameToStringStyle() {
             this.setUseClassName(false);
             this.setUseIdentityHashCode(false);
         }
 
         /**
          * Ensure Singleton after serialization.
          *
          * @return the singleton
          */
         private Object readResolve() {
             return NO_CLASS_NAME_STYLE;
         }
 
     }
 
     /**
      * {@link ToStringStyle} that does not print out
      * the field names.
      *
      * <p>This is an inner class rather than using
      * {@link StandardToStringStyle} to ensure its immutability.
      */
     private static final class NoFieldNameToStringStyle extends ToStringStyle {
 
         private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
 
         /**
          * Constructs a new instance.
          *
          * <p>Use the static constant rather than instantiating.</p>
          */
         NoFieldNameToStringStyle() {
             this.setUseFieldNames(false);
         }
 
         /**
          * Ensure Singleton after serialization.
          *
          * @return the singleton
          */
         private Object readResolve() {
             return NO_FIELD_NAMES_STYLE;
         }
 
     }
 
     /**
      * {@link ToStringStyle} that prints out the short
      * class name and no identity hash code.
      *
      * <p>This is an inner class rather than using
      * {@link StandardToStringStyle} to ensure its immutability.</p>
      */
     private static final class ShortPrefixToStringStyle extends ToStringStyle {
 
         private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
 
         /**
          * Constructs a new instance.
          *
          * <p>Use the static constant rather than instantiating.</p>
          */
         ShortPrefixToStringStyle() {
             this.setUseShortClassName(true);
             this.setUseIdentityHashCode(false);
         }
 
         /**
          * Ensure <code>Singleton</ode> after serialization.
          * @return the singleton
          */
         private Object readResolve() {
             return SHORT_PREFIX_STYLE;
         }
 
     }
 
     /**
      * {@link ToStringStyle} that does not print out the
      * class name, identity hash code, content start or field name.
      *
      * <p>This is an inner class rather than using
      * {@link StandardToStringStyle} to ensure its immutability.</p>
      */
     private static final class SimpleToStringStyle extends ToStringStyle {
 
         private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
 
         /**
          * Constructs a new instance.
          *
          * <p>Use the static constant rather than instantiating.</p>
          */
         SimpleToStringStyle() {
             this.setUseClassName(false);
             this.setUseIdentityHashCode(false);
             this.setUseFieldNames(false);
             this.setContentStart(StringUtils.EMPTY);
             this.setContentEnd(StringUtils.EMPTY);
         }
 
         /**
          * Ensure <code>Singleton</ode> after serialization.
          * @return the singleton
          */
         private Object readResolve() {
             return SIMPLE_STYLE;
         }
 
     }
 
     /**
      * Serialization version ID.
      */
     private static final long serialVersionUID = -2587890625525655916L;
 
     /**
      * The default toString style. Using the {@code Person}
      * example from {@link ToStringBuilder}, the output would look like this:
      *
      * <pre>
      * Person@182f0db[name=John Doe,age=33,smoker=false]
      * </pre>
      */
     public static final ToStringStyle DEFAULT_STYLE = new DefaultToStringStyle();
 
     /**
      * The multi line toString style. Using the {@code Person}
      * example from {@link ToStringBuilder}, the output would look like this:
      *
      * <pre>
      * Person@182f0db[
      *   name=John Doe
      *   age=33
      *   smoker=false
      * ]
      * </pre>
      */
     public static final ToStringStyle MULTI_LINE_STYLE = new MultiLineToStringStyle();
 
     /**
      * The no field names toString style. Using the
      * {@code Person} example from {@link ToStringBuilder}, the output
      * would look like this:
      *
      * <pre>
      * Person@182f0db[John Doe,33,false]
      * </pre>
      */
     public static final ToStringStyle NO_FIELD_NAMES_STYLE = new NoFieldNameToStringStyle();
 
     /**
      * The short prefix toString style. Using the {@code Person} example
      * from {@link ToStringBuilder}, the output would look like this:
      *
      * <pre>
      * Person[name=John Doe,age=33,smoker=false]
      * </pre>
      *
      * @since 2.1
      */
     public static final ToStringStyle SHORT_PREFIX_STYLE = new ShortPrefixToStringStyle();
 
     /**
      * The simple toString style. Using the {@code Person}
      * example from {@link ToStringBuilder}, the output would look like this:
      *
      * <pre>
      * John Doe,33,false
      * </pre>
      */
     public static final ToStringStyle SIMPLE_STYLE = new SimpleToStringStyle();
 
     /**
      * The no class name toString style. Using the {@code Person}
      * example from {@link ToStringBuilder}, the output would look like this:
      *
      * <pre>
      * [name=John Doe,age=33,smoker=false]
      * </pre>
      *
      * @since 3.4
      */
     public static final ToStringStyle NO_CLASS_NAME_STYLE = new NoClassNameToStringStyle();
 
     /**
      * The JSON toString style. Using the {@code Person} example from
      * {@link ToStringBuilder}, the output would look like this:
      *
      * <pre>
      * {"name": "John Doe", "age": 33, "smoker": true}
      * </pre>
      *
      * <strong>Note:</strong> Since field names are mandatory in JSON, this
      * ToStringStyle will throw an {@link UnsupportedOperationException} if no
      * field name is passed in while appending. Furthermore This ToStringStyle
      * will only generate valid JSON if referenced objects also produce JSON
      * when calling {@code toString()} on them.
      *
      * @since 3.4
      * @see <a href="https://www.json.org/">json.org</a>
      */
     public static final ToStringStyle JSON_STYLE = new JsonToStringStyle();
 
     /**
      * A registry of objects used by {@code reflectionToString} methods
      * to detect cyclical object references and avoid infinite loops.
      */
     private static final ThreadLocal<WeakHashMap<Object, Object>> REGISTRY = ThreadLocal.withInitial(WeakHashMap::new);
     /*
      * Note that objects of this class are generally shared between threads, so
      * an instance variable would not be suitable here.
      *
      * In normal use the registry should always be left empty, because the caller
      * should call toString() which will clean up.
      *
      * See LANG-792
      */
 
     /**
      * Returns the registry of objects being traversed by the {@code reflectionToString}
      * methods in the current thread.
      *
      * @return Set the registry of objects being traversed
      */
     public static Map<Object, Object> getRegistry() {
         return REGISTRY.get();
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns {@code true} if the registry contains the given object.
      * Used by the reflection methods to avoid infinite loops.
      *
      * @param value
      *                  The object to lookup in the registry.
      * @return boolean {@code true} if the registry contains the given
      *             object.
      */
     static boolean isRegistered(final Object value) {
         return getRegistry().containsKey(value);
     }
 
     /**
      * Registers the given object. Used by the reflection methods to avoid
      * infinite loops.
      *
      * @param value
      *                  The object to register.
      */
     static void register(final Object value) {
         if (value != null) {
             getRegistry().put(value, null);
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Unregisters the given object.
      *
      * <p>
      * Used by the reflection methods to avoid infinite loops.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param value
      *                  The object to unregister.
      */
     static void unregister(final Object value) {
         if (value != null) {
             final Map<Object, Object> m = getRegistry();
             m.remove(value);
             if (m.isEmpty()) {
                 REGISTRY.remove();
             }
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Whether to use the field names, the default is {@code true}.
      */
     private boolean useFieldNames = true;
 
     /**
      * Whether to use the class name, the default is {@code true}.
      */
     private boolean useClassName = true;
 
     /**
      * Whether to use short class names, the default is {@code false}.
      */
     private boolean useShortClassName;
 
     /**
      * Whether to use the identity hash code, the default is {@code true}.
      */
     private boolean useIdentityHashCode = true;
 
     /**
      * The content start {@code '['}.
      */
     private String contentStart = "[";
 
     /**
      * The content end {@code ']'}.
      */
     private String contentEnd = "]";
 
     /**
      * The field name value separator {@code '='}.
      */
     private String fieldNameValueSeparator = "=";
 
     /**
      * Whether the field separator should be added before any other fields.
      */
     private boolean fieldSeparatorAtStart;
 
     /**
      * Whether the field separator should be added after any other fields.
      */
     private boolean fieldSeparatorAtEnd;
 
     /**
      * The field separator {@code ','}.
      */
     private String fieldSeparator = ",";
 
     /**
      * The array start <code>'{'</code>.
      */
     private String arrayStart = "{";
 
     /**
      * The array separator {@code ','}.
      */
     private String arraySeparator = ",";
 
     /**
      * The detail for array content.
      */
     private boolean arrayContentDetail = true;
 
     /**
      * The array end {@code '}'}.
      */
     private String arrayEnd = "}";
 
     /**
      * The value to use when fullDetail is {@code null},
      * the default value is {@code true}.
      */
     private boolean defaultFullDetail = true;
 
     /**
      * The {@code null} text {@code "<null>"}.
      */
     private String nullText = "<null>";
 
     /**
      * The summary size text start {@code "<size="}.
      */
     private String sizeStartText = "<size=";
 
     /**
      * The summary size text start {@code ">"}.
      */
     private String sizeEndText = ">";
 
     /**
      * The summary object text start {@code "<"}.
      */
     private String summaryObjectStartText = "<";
 
     /**
      * The summary object text start {@code ">"}.
      */
     private String summaryObjectEndText = ">";
 
     /**
      * Constructs a new instance.
      */
     protected ToStringStyle() {
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a {@code boolean}
      * value.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name
      * @param value  the value to add to the {@code toString}
      */
     public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final boolean value) {
         appendFieldStart(buffer, fieldName);
         appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, value);
         appendFieldEnd(buffer, fieldName);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a {@code boolean}
      * array.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name
      * @param array  the array to add to the toString
      * @param fullDetail  {@code true} for detail, {@code false}
      *  for summary info, {@code null} for style decides
      */
     public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final boolean[] array, final Boolean fullDetail) {
         appendFieldStart(buffer, fieldName);
 
         if (array == null) {
             appendNullText(buffer, fieldName);
 
         } else if (isFullDetail(fullDetail)) {
             appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, array);
 
         } else {
             appendSummary(buffer, fieldName, array);
         }
 
         appendFieldEnd(buffer, fieldName);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a {@code byte}
      * value.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name
      * @param value  the value to add to the {@code toString}
      */
     public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final byte value) {
         appendFieldStart(buffer, fieldName);
         appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, value);
         appendFieldEnd(buffer, fieldName);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a {@code byte}
      * array.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name
      * @param array  the array to add to the {@code toString}
      * @param fullDetail  {@code true} for detail, {@code false}
      *  for summary info, {@code null} for style decides
      */
     public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final byte[] array, final Boolean fullDetail) {
         appendFieldStart(buffer, fieldName);
 
         if (array == null) {
             appendNullText(buffer, fieldName);
 
         } else if (isFullDetail(fullDetail)) {
             appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, array);
 
         } else {
             appendSummary(buffer, fieldName, array);
         }
 
         appendFieldEnd(buffer, fieldName);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a {@code char}
      * value.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name
      * @param value  the value to add to the {@code toString}
      */
     public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final char value) {
         appendFieldStart(buffer, fieldName);
         appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, value);
         appendFieldEnd(buffer, fieldName);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a {@code char}
      * array.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name
      * @param array  the array to add to the {@code toString}
      * @param fullDetail  {@code true} for detail, {@code false}
      *  for summary info, {@code null} for style decides
      */
     public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final char[] array, final Boolean fullDetail) {
         appendFieldStart(buffer, fieldName);
 
         if (array == null) {
             appendNullText(buffer, fieldName);
 
         } else if (isFullDetail(fullDetail)) {
             appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, array);
 
         } else {
             appendSummary(buffer, fieldName, array);
         }
 
         appendFieldEnd(buffer, fieldName);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a {@code double}
      * value.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name
      * @param value  the value to add to the {@code toString}
      */
     public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final double value) {
         appendFieldStart(buffer, fieldName);
         appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, value);
         appendFieldEnd(buffer, fieldName);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a {@code double}
      * array.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name
      * @param array  the array to add to the toString
      * @param fullDetail  {@code true} for detail, {@code false}
      *  for summary info, {@code null} for style decides
      */
     public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final double[] array, final Boolean fullDetail) {
         appendFieldStart(buffer, fieldName);
 
         if (array == null) {
             appendNullText(buffer, fieldName);
 
         } else if (isFullDetail(fullDetail)) {
             appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, array);
 
         } else {
             appendSummary(buffer, fieldName, array);
         }
 
         appendFieldEnd(buffer, fieldName);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a {@code float}
      * value.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name
      * @param value  the value to add to the {@code toString}
      */
     public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final float value) {
         appendFieldStart(buffer, fieldName);
         appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, value);
         appendFieldEnd(buffer, fieldName);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a {@code float}
      * array.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name
      * @param array  the array to add to the toString
      * @param fullDetail  {@code true} for detail, {@code false}
      *  for summary info, {@code null} for style decides
      */
     public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final float[] array, final Boolean fullDetail) {
         appendFieldStart(buffer, fieldName);
 
         if (array == null) {
             appendNullText(buffer, fieldName);
 
         } else if (isFullDetail(fullDetail)) {
             appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, array);
 
         } else {
             appendSummary(buffer, fieldName, array);
         }
 
         appendFieldEnd(buffer, fieldName);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} an {@code int}
      * value.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name
      * @param value  the value to add to the {@code toString}
      */
     public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final int value) {
         appendFieldStart(buffer, fieldName);
         appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, value);
         appendFieldEnd(buffer, fieldName);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} an {@code int}
      * array.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name
      * @param array  the array to add to the {@code toString}
      * @param fullDetail  {@code true} for detail, {@code false}
      *  for summary info, {@code null} for style decides
      */
     public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final int[] array, final Boolean fullDetail) {
         appendFieldStart(buffer, fieldName);
 
         if (array == null) {
             appendNullText(buffer, fieldName);
 
         } else if (isFullDetail(fullDetail)) {
             appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, array);
 
         } else {
             appendSummary(buffer, fieldName, array);
         }
 
         appendFieldEnd(buffer, fieldName);
     }
 
     /**
      * <p>Appends to the {@code toString} a {@code long}
      * value.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name
      * @param value  the value to add to the {@code toString}
      */
     public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final long value) {
         appendFieldStart(buffer, fieldName);
         appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, value);
         appendFieldEnd(buffer, fieldName);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a {@code long}
      * array.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name
      * @param array  the array to add to the {@code toString}
      * @param fullDetail  {@code true} for detail, {@code false}
      *  for summary info, {@code null} for style decides
      */
     public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final long[] array, final Boolean fullDetail) {
         appendFieldStart(buffer, fieldName);
 
         if (array == null) {
             appendNullText(buffer, fieldName);
 
         } else if (isFullDetail(fullDetail)) {
             appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, array);
 
         } else {
             appendSummary(buffer, fieldName, array);
         }
 
         appendFieldEnd(buffer, fieldName);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} an {@link Object}
      * value, printing the full {@code toString} of the
      * {@link Object} passed in.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name
      * @param value  the value to add to the {@code toString}
      * @param fullDetail  {@code true} for detail, {@code false}
      *  for summary info, {@code null} for style decides
      */
     public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final Object value, final Boolean fullDetail) {
         appendFieldStart(buffer, fieldName);
 
         if (value == null) {
             appendNullText(buffer, fieldName);
 
         } else {
             appendInternal(buffer, fieldName, value, isFullDetail(fullDetail));
         }
 
         appendFieldEnd(buffer, fieldName);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} an {@link Object}
      * array.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name
      * @param array  the array to add to the toString
      * @param fullDetail  {@code true} for detail, {@code false}
      *  for summary info, {@code null} for style decides
      */
     public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final Object[] array, final Boolean fullDetail) {
         appendFieldStart(buffer, fieldName);
 
         if (array == null) {
             appendNullText(buffer, fieldName);
 
         } else if (isFullDetail(fullDetail)) {
             appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, array);
 
         } else {
             appendSummary(buffer, fieldName, array);
         }
 
         appendFieldEnd(buffer, fieldName);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a {@code short}
      * value.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name
      * @param value  the value to add to the {@code toString}
      */
     public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final short value) {
         appendFieldStart(buffer, fieldName);
         appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, value);
         appendFieldEnd(buffer, fieldName);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a {@code short}
      * array.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name
      * @param array  the array to add to the {@code toString}
      * @param fullDetail  {@code true} for detail, {@code false}
      *  for summary info, {@code null} for style decides
      */
     public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final short[] array, final Boolean fullDetail) {
         appendFieldStart(buffer, fieldName);
 
         if (array == null) {
             appendNullText(buffer, fieldName);
 
         } else if (isFullDetail(fullDetail)) {
             appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, array);
 
         } else {
             appendSummary(buffer, fieldName, array);
         }
 
         appendFieldEnd(buffer, fieldName);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} the class name.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param object  the {@link Object} whose name to output
      */
     protected void appendClassName(final StringBuffer buffer, final Object object) {
         if (useClassName && object != null) {
             register(object);
             if (useShortClassName) {
                 buffer.append(getShortClassName(object.getClass()));
             } else {
                 buffer.append(object.getClass().getName());
             }
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} the content end.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      */
     protected void appendContentEnd(final StringBuffer buffer) {
         buffer.append(contentEnd);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} the content start.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      */
     protected void appendContentStart(final StringBuffer buffer) {
         buffer.append(contentStart);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} an {@link Object}
      * value that has been detected to participate in a cycle. This
      * implementation will print the standard string value of the value.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name, typically not used as already appended
      * @param value  the value to add to the {@code toString},
      *  not {@code null}
      *
      * @since 2.2
      */
     protected void appendCyclicObject(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final Object value) {
        ObjectUtils.identityToString(buffer, value);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a {@code boolean}
      * value.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name, typically not used as already appended
      * @param value  the value to add to the {@code toString}
      */
     protected void appendDetail(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final boolean value) {
         buffer.append(value);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} the detail of a
      * {@code boolean} array.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name, typically not used as already appended
      * @param array  the array to add to the {@code toString},
      *  not {@code null}
      */
     protected void appendDetail(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final boolean[] array) {
         buffer.append(arrayStart);
         for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
             if (i > 0) {
                 buffer.append(arraySeparator);
             }
             appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, array[i]);
         }
         buffer.append(arrayEnd);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a {@code byte}
      * value.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name, typically not used as already appended
      * @param value  the value to add to the {@code toString}
      */
     protected void appendDetail(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final byte value) {
         buffer.append(value);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} the detail of a
      * {@code byte} array.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name, typically not used as already appended
      * @param array  the array to add to the {@code toString},
      *  not {@code null}
      */
     protected void appendDetail(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final byte[] array) {
         buffer.append(arrayStart);
         for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
             if (i > 0) {
                 buffer.append(arraySeparator);
             }
             appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, array[i]);
         }
         buffer.append(arrayEnd);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a {@code char}
      * value.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name, typically not used as already appended
      * @param value  the value to add to the {@code toString}
      */
     protected void appendDetail(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final char value) {
         buffer.append(value);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} the detail of a
      * {@code char} array.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name, typically not used as already appended
      * @param array  the array to add to the {@code toString},
      *  not {@code null}
      */
     protected void appendDetail(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final char[] array) {
         buffer.append(arrayStart);
         for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
             if (i > 0) {
                 buffer.append(arraySeparator);
             }
             appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, array[i]);
         }
         buffer.append(arrayEnd);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a {@link Collection}.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name, typically not used as already appended
      * @param coll  the {@link Collection} to add to the
      *  {@code toString}, not {@code null}
      */
     protected void appendDetail(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final Collection<?> coll) {
         buffer.append(coll);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a {@code double}
      * value.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name, typically not used as already appended
      * @param value  the value to add to the {@code toString}
      */
     protected void appendDetail(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final double value) {
         buffer.append(value);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} the detail of a
      * {@code double} array.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name, typically not used as already appended
      * @param array  the array to add to the {@code toString},
      *  not {@code null}
      */
     protected void appendDetail(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final double[] array) {
         buffer.append(arrayStart);
         for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
             if (i > 0) {
                 buffer.append(arraySeparator);
             }
             appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, array[i]);
         }
         buffer.append(arrayEnd);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a {@code float}
      * value.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name, typically not used as already appended
      * @param value  the value to add to the {@code toString}
      */
     protected void appendDetail(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final float value) {
         buffer.append(value);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} the detail of a
      * {@code float} array.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name, typically not used as already appended
      * @param array  the array to add to the {@code toString},
      *  not {@code null}
      */
     protected void appendDetail(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final float[] array) {
         buffer.append(arrayStart);
         for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
             if (i > 0) {
                 buffer.append(arraySeparator);
             }
             appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, array[i]);
         }
         buffer.append(arrayEnd);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} an {@code int}
      * value.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name, typically not used as already appended
      * @param value  the value to add to the {@code toString}
      */
     protected void appendDetail(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final int value) {
         buffer.append(value);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} the detail of an
      * {@link Object} array item.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name, typically not used as already appended
      * @param i the array item index to add
      * @param item the array item to add
      * @since 3.11
      */
     protected void appendDetail(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final int i, final Object item) {
         if (i > 0) {
             buffer.append(arraySeparator);
         }
         if (item == null) {
             appendNullText(buffer, fieldName);
         } else {
             appendInternal(buffer, fieldName, item, arrayContentDetail);
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} the detail of an
      * {@code int} array.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name, typically not used as already appended
      * @param array  the array to add to the {@code toString},
      *  not {@code null}
      */
     protected void appendDetail(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final int[] array) {
         buffer.append(arrayStart);
         for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
             if (i > 0) {
                 buffer.append(arraySeparator);
             }
             appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, array[i]);
         }
         buffer.append(arrayEnd);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a {@code long}
      * value.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name, typically not used as already appended
      * @param value  the value to add to the {@code toString}
      */
     protected void appendDetail(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final long value) {
         buffer.append(value);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} the detail of a
      * {@code long} array.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name, typically not used as already appended
      * @param array  the array to add to the {@code toString},
      *  not {@code null}
      */
     protected void appendDetail(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final long[] array) {
         buffer.append(arrayStart);
         for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
             if (i > 0) {
                 buffer.append(arraySeparator);
             }
             appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, array[i]);
         }
         buffer.append(arrayEnd);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a {@link Map}.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name, typically not used as already appended
      * @param map  the {@link Map} to add to the {@code toString},
      *  not {@code null}
      */
     protected void appendDetail(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final Map<?, ?> map) {
         buffer.append(map);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} an {@link Object}
      * value, printing the full detail of the {@link Object}.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name, typically not used as already appended
      * @param value  the value to add to the {@code toString},
      *  not {@code null}
      */
     protected void appendDetail(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final Object value) {
         buffer.append(value);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} the detail of an
      * {@link Object} array.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name, typically not used as already appended
      * @param array  the array to add to the {@code toString},
      *  not {@code null}
      */
     protected void appendDetail(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final Object[] array) {
         buffer.append(arrayStart);
         for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
             appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, i, array[i]);
         }
         buffer.append(arrayEnd);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a {@code short}
      * value.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name, typically not used as already appended
      * @param value  the value to add to the {@code toString}
      */
     protected void appendDetail(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final short value) {
         buffer.append(value);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} the detail of a
      * {@code short} array.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name, typically not used as already appended
      * @param array  the array to add to the {@code toString},
      *  not {@code null}
      */
     protected void appendDetail(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final short[] array) {
         buffer.append(arrayStart);
         for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
             if (i > 0) {
                 buffer.append(arraySeparator);
             }
             appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, array[i]);
         }
         buffer.append(arrayEnd);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} the end of data indicator.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param object  the {@link Object} to build a
      *  {@code toString} for.
      */
     public void appendEnd(final StringBuffer buffer, final Object object) {
         if (!this.fieldSeparatorAtEnd) {
             removeLastFieldSeparator(buffer);
         }
         appendContentEnd(buffer);
         unregister(object);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} the field end.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name, typically not used as already appended
      */
     protected void appendFieldEnd(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName) {
         appendFieldSeparator(buffer);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} the field separator.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      */
     protected void appendFieldSeparator(final StringBuffer buffer) {
         buffer.append(fieldSeparator);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} the field start.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name
      */
     protected void appendFieldStart(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName) {
         if (useFieldNames && fieldName != null) {
             buffer.append(fieldName);
             buffer.append(fieldNameValueSeparator);
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends the {@link System#identityHashCode(java.lang.Object)}.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param object  the {@link Object} whose id to output
      */
     protected void appendIdentityHashCode(final StringBuffer buffer, final Object object) {
         if (this.isUseIdentityHashCode() && object != null) {
             register(object);
             buffer.append('@');
             buffer.append(ObjectUtils.identityHashCodeHex(object));
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} an {@link Object},
      * correctly interpreting its type.
      *
      * <p>This method performs the main lookup by Class type to correctly
      * route arrays, {@link Collection}s, {@link Map}s and
      * {@link Objects} to the appropriate method.</p>
      *
      * <p>Either detail or summary views can be specified.</p>
      *
      * <p>If a cycle is detected, an object will be appended with the
      * {@code Object.toString()} format.</p>
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name, typically not used as already appended
      * @param value  the value to add to the {@code toString},
      *  not {@code null}
      * @param detail  output detail or not
      */
     protected void appendInternal(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final Object value, final boolean detail) {
         if (isRegistered(value)
             && !(value instanceof Number || value instanceof Boolean || value instanceof Character)) {
            appendCyclicObject(buffer, fieldName, value);
            return;
         }
 
         register(value);
 
         try {
             if (value instanceof Collection<?>) {
                 if (detail) {
                     appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, (Collection<?>) value);
                 } else {
                     appendSummarySize(buffer, fieldName, ((Collection<?>) value).size());
                 }
 
             } else if (value instanceof Map<?, ?>) {
                 if (detail) {
                     appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, (Map<?, ?>) value);
                 } else {
                     appendSummarySize(buffer, fieldName, ((Map<?, ?>) value).size());
                 }
 
             } else if (value instanceof long[]) {
                 if (detail) {
                     appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, (long[]) value);
                 } else {
                     appendSummary(buffer, fieldName, (long[]) value);
                 }
 
             } else if (value instanceof int[]) {
                 if (detail) {
                     appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, (int[]) value);
                 } else {
                     appendSummary(buffer, fieldName, (int[]) value);
                 }
 
             } else if (value instanceof short[]) {
                 if (detail) {
                     appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, (short[]) value);
                 } else {
                     appendSummary(buffer, fieldName, (short[]) value);
                 }
 
             } else if (value instanceof byte[]) {
                 if (detail) {
                     appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, (byte[]) value);
                 } else {
                     appendSummary(buffer, fieldName, (byte[]) value);
                 }
 
             } else if (value instanceof char[]) {
                 if (detail) {
                     appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, (char[]) value);
                 } else {
                     appendSummary(buffer, fieldName, (char[]) value);
                 }
 
             } else if (value instanceof double[]) {
                 if (detail) {
                     appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, (double[]) value);
                 } else {
                     appendSummary(buffer, fieldName, (double[]) value);
                 }
 
             } else if (value instanceof float[]) {
                 if (detail) {
                     appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, (float[]) value);
                 } else {
                     appendSummary(buffer, fieldName, (float[]) value);
                 }
 
             } else if (value instanceof boolean[]) {
                 if (detail) {
                     appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, (boolean[]) value);
                 } else {
                     appendSummary(buffer, fieldName, (boolean[]) value);
                 }
 
             } else if (ObjectUtils.isArray(value)) {
                 if (detail) {
                     appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, (Object[]) value);
                 } else {
                     appendSummary(buffer, fieldName, (Object[]) value);
                 }
 
             } else if (detail) {
                 appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, value);
             } else {
                 appendSummary(buffer, fieldName, value);
             }
         } finally {
             unregister(value);
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} an indicator for {@code null}.
      *
      * <p>The default indicator is {@code "<null>"}.</p>
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name, typically not used as already appended
      */
     protected void appendNullText(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName) {
         buffer.append(nullText);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} the start of data indicator.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param object  the {@link Object} to build a {@code toString} for
      */
     public void appendStart(final StringBuffer buffer, final Object object) {
         if (object != null) {
             appendClassName(buffer, object);
             appendIdentityHashCode(buffer, object);
             appendContentStart(buffer);
             if (fieldSeparatorAtStart) {
                 appendFieldSeparator(buffer);
             }
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a summary of a
      * {@code boolean} array.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name, typically not used as already appended
      * @param array  the array to add to the {@code toString},
      *  not {@code null}
      */
     protected void appendSummary(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final boolean[] array) {
         appendSummarySize(buffer, fieldName, array.length);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a summary of a
      * {@code byte} array.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name, typically not used as already appended
      * @param array  the array to add to the {@code toString},
      *  not {@code null}
      */
     protected void appendSummary(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final byte[] array) {
         appendSummarySize(buffer, fieldName, array.length);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a summary of a
      * {@code char} array.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name, typically not used as already appended
      * @param array  the array to add to the {@code toString},
      *  not {@code null}
      */
     protected void appendSummary(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final char[] array) {
         appendSummarySize(buffer, fieldName, array.length);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a summary of a
      * {@code double} array.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name, typically not used as already appended
      * @param array  the array to add to the {@code toString},
      *  not {@code null}
      */
     protected void appendSummary(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final double[] array) {
         appendSummarySize(buffer, fieldName, array.length);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a summary of a
      * {@code float} array.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name, typically not used as already appended
      * @param array  the array to add to the {@code toString},
      *  not {@code null}
      */
     protected void appendSummary(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final float[] array) {
         appendSummarySize(buffer, fieldName, array.length);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a summary of an
      * {@code int} array.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name, typically not used as already appended
      * @param array  the array to add to the {@code toString},
      *  not {@code null}
      */
     protected void appendSummary(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final int[] array) {
         appendSummarySize(buffer, fieldName, array.length);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a summary of a
      * {@code long} array.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name, typically not used as already appended
      * @param array  the array to add to the {@code toString},
      *  not {@code null}
      */
     protected void appendSummary(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final long[] array) {
         appendSummarySize(buffer, fieldName, array.length);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} an {@link Object}
      * value, printing a summary of the {@link Object}.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name, typically not used as already appended
      * @param value  the value to add to the {@code toString},
      *  not {@code null}
      */
     protected void appendSummary(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final Object value) {
         buffer.append(summaryObjectStartText);
         buffer.append(getShortClassName(value.getClass()));
         buffer.append(summaryObjectEndText);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a summary of an
      * {@link Object} array.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name, typically not used as already appended
      * @param array  the array to add to the {@code toString},
      *  not {@code null}
      */
     protected void appendSummary(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final Object[] array) {
         appendSummarySize(buffer, fieldName, array.length);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a summary of a
      * {@code short} array.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name, typically not used as already appended
      * @param array  the array to add to the {@code toString},
      *  not {@code null}
      */
     protected void appendSummary(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final short[] array) {
         appendSummarySize(buffer, fieldName, array.length);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a size summary.
      *
      * <p>The size summary is used to summarize the contents of
      * {@link Collection}s, {@link Map}s and arrays.</p>
      *
      * <p>The output consists of a prefix, the passed in size
      * and a suffix.</p>
      *
      * <p>The default format is {@code "<size=n>"}.</p>
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name, typically not used as already appended
      * @param size  the size to append
      */
     protected void appendSummarySize(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final int size) {
         buffer.append(sizeStartText);
         buffer.append(size);
         buffer.append(sizeEndText);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} the superclass toString.
      * <p>NOTE: It assumes that the toString has been created from the same ToStringStyle.</p>
      *
      * <p>A {@code null} {@code superToString} is ignored.</p>
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param superToString  the {@code super.toString()}
      * @since 2.0
      */
     public void appendSuper(final StringBuffer buffer, final String superToString) {
         appendToString(buffer, superToString);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} another toString.
      * <p>NOTE: It assumes that the toString has been created from the same ToStringStyle.</p>
      *
      * <p>A {@code null} {@code toString} is ignored.</p>
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param toString  the additional {@code toString}
      * @since 2.0
      */
     public void appendToString(final StringBuffer buffer, final String toString) {
         if (toString != null) {
             final int pos1 = toString.indexOf(contentStart) + contentStart.length();
             final int pos2 = toString.lastIndexOf(contentEnd);
             if (pos1 != pos2 && pos1 >= 0 && pos2 >= 0) {
                 if (fieldSeparatorAtStart) {
                     removeLastFieldSeparator(buffer);
                 }
                 buffer.append(toString, pos1, pos2);
                 appendFieldSeparator(buffer);
             }
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the array end text.
      *
      * @return the current array end text
      */
     protected String getArrayEnd() {
         return arrayEnd;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the array separator text.
      *
      * @return the current array separator text
      */
     protected String getArraySeparator() {
         return arraySeparator;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the array start text.
      *
      * @return the current array start text
      */
     protected String getArrayStart() {
         return arrayStart;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the content end text.
      *
      * @return the current content end text
      */
     protected String getContentEnd() {
         return contentEnd;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the content start text.
      *
      * @return the current content start text
      */
     protected String getContentStart() {
         return contentStart;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the field name value separator text.
      *
      * @return the current field name value separator text
      */
     protected String getFieldNameValueSeparator() {
         return fieldNameValueSeparator;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the field separator text.
      *
      * @return the current field separator text
      */
     protected String getFieldSeparator() {
         return fieldSeparator;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the text to output when {@code null} found.
      *
      * @return the current text to output when null found
      */
     protected String getNullText() {
         return nullText;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the short class name for a class.
      *
      * <p>The short class name is the class name excluding
      * the package name.</p>
      *
      * @param cls  the {@link Class} to get the short name of
      * @return the short name
      */
     protected String getShortClassName(final Class<?> cls) {
         return ClassUtils.getShortClassName(cls);
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the end text to output when a {@link Collection},
      * {@link Map} or array size is output.
      *
      * <p>This is output after the size value.</p>
      *
      * @return the current end of size text
      */
     protected String getSizeEndText() {
         return sizeEndText;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the start text to output when a {@link Collection},
      * {@link Map} or array size is output.
      *
      * <p>This is output before the size value.</p>
      *
      * @return the current start of size text
      */
     protected String getSizeStartText() {
         return sizeStartText;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the end text to output when an {@link Object} is
      * output in summary mode.
      *
      * <p>This is output after the size value.</p>
      *
      * @return the current end of summary text
      */
     protected String getSummaryObjectEndText() {
         return summaryObjectEndText;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the start text to output when an {@link Object} is
      * output in summary mode.
      *
      * <p>This is output before the size value.</p>
      *
      * @return the current start of summary text
      */
     protected String getSummaryObjectStartText() {
         return summaryObjectStartText;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets whether to output array content detail.
      *
      * @return the current array content detail setting
      */
     protected boolean isArrayContentDetail() {
         return arrayContentDetail;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets whether to use full detail when the caller doesn't
      * specify.
      *
      * @return the current defaultFullDetail flag
      */
     protected boolean isDefaultFullDetail() {
         return defaultFullDetail;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets whether the field separator should be added at the end
      * of each buffer.
      *
      * @return fieldSeparatorAtEnd flag
      * @since 2.0
      */
     protected boolean isFieldSeparatorAtEnd() {
         return fieldSeparatorAtEnd;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets whether the field separator should be added at the start
      * of each buffer.
      *
      * @return the fieldSeparatorAtStart flag
      * @since 2.0
      */
     protected boolean isFieldSeparatorAtStart() {
         return fieldSeparatorAtStart;
     }
 
     /**
      * Is this field to be output in full detail.
      *
      * <p>This method converts a detail request into a detail level.
      * The calling code may request full detail ({@code true}),
      * but a subclass might ignore that and always return
      * {@code false}. The calling code may pass in
      * {@code null} indicating that it doesn't care about
      * the detail level. In this case the default detail level is
      * used.</p>
      *
      * @param fullDetailRequest  the detail level requested
      * @return whether full detail is to be shown
      */
     protected boolean isFullDetail(final Boolean fullDetailRequest) {
         if (fullDetailRequest == null) {
             return defaultFullDetail;
         }
         return fullDetailRequest.booleanValue();
     }
 
     // Setters and getters for the customizable parts of the style
     // These methods are not expected to be overridden, except to make public
     // (They are not public so that immutable subclasses can be written)
     /**
      * Gets whether to use the class name.
      *
      * @return the current useClassName flag
      */
     protected boolean isUseClassName() {
         return useClassName;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets whether to use the field names passed in.
      *
      * @return the current useFieldNames flag
      */
     protected boolean isUseFieldNames() {
         return useFieldNames;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets whether to use the identity hash code.
      *
      * @return the current useIdentityHashCode flag
      */
     protected boolean isUseIdentityHashCode() {
         return useIdentityHashCode;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets whether to output short or long class names.
      *
      * @return the current useShortClassName flag
      * @since 2.0
      */
     protected boolean isUseShortClassName() {
         return useShortClassName;
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} the detail of an array type.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName  the field name, typically not used as already appended
      * @param array  the array to add to the {@code toString},
      *  not {@code null}
      * @since 2.0
      */
     protected void reflectionAppendArrayDetail(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final Object array) {
         buffer.append(arrayStart);
         final int length = Array.getLength(array);
         for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
             appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, i, Array.get(array, i));
         }
         buffer.append(arrayEnd);
     }
 
     /**
      * Remove the last field separator from the buffer.
      *
      * @param buffer  the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @since 2.0
      */
     protected void removeLastFieldSeparator(final StringBuffer buffer) {
         if (StringUtils.endsWith(buffer, fieldSeparator)) {
             buffer.setLength(buffer.length() - fieldSeparator.length());
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets whether to output array content detail.
      *
      * @param arrayContentDetail  the new arrayContentDetail flag
      */
     protected void setArrayContentDetail(final boolean arrayContentDetail) {
         this.arrayContentDetail = arrayContentDetail;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the array end text.
      *
      * <p>{@code null} is accepted, but will be converted to
      * an empty String.</p>
      *
      * @param arrayEnd  the new array end text
      */
     protected void setArrayEnd(String arrayEnd) {
         if (arrayEnd == null) {
             arrayEnd = StringUtils.EMPTY;
         }
         this.arrayEnd = arrayEnd;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the array separator text.
      *
      * <p>{@code null} is accepted, but will be converted to
      * an empty String.</p>
      *
      * @param arraySeparator  the new array separator text
      */
     protected void setArraySeparator(String arraySeparator) {
         if (arraySeparator == null) {
             arraySeparator = StringUtils.EMPTY;
         }
         this.arraySeparator = arraySeparator;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the array start text.
      *
      * <p>{@code null} is accepted, but will be converted to
      * an empty String.</p>
      *
      * @param arrayStart  the new array start text
      */
     protected void setArrayStart(String arrayStart) {
         if (arrayStart == null) {
             arrayStart = StringUtils.EMPTY;
         }
         this.arrayStart = arrayStart;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the content end text.
      *
      * <p>{@code null} is accepted, but will be converted to
      * an empty String.</p>
      *
      * @param contentEnd  the new content end text
      */
     protected void setContentEnd(String contentEnd) {
         if (contentEnd == null) {
             contentEnd = StringUtils.EMPTY;
         }
         this.contentEnd = contentEnd;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the content start text.
      *
      * <p>{@code null} is accepted, but will be converted to
      * an empty String.</p>
      *
      * @param contentStart  the new content start text
      */
     protected void setContentStart(String contentStart) {
         if (contentStart == null) {
             contentStart = StringUtils.EMPTY;
         }
         this.contentStart = contentStart;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets whether to use full detail when the caller doesn't
      * specify.
      *
      * @param defaultFullDetail  the new defaultFullDetail flag
      */
     protected void setDefaultFullDetail(final boolean defaultFullDetail) {
         this.defaultFullDetail = defaultFullDetail;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the field name value separator text.
      *
      * <p>{@code null} is accepted, but will be converted to
      * an empty String.</p>
      *
      * @param fieldNameValueSeparator  the new field name value separator text
      */
     protected void setFieldNameValueSeparator(String fieldNameValueSeparator) {
         if (fieldNameValueSeparator == null) {
             fieldNameValueSeparator = StringUtils.EMPTY;
         }
         this.fieldNameValueSeparator = fieldNameValueSeparator;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the field separator text.
      *
      * <p>{@code null} is accepted, but will be converted to
      * an empty String.</p>
      *
      * @param fieldSeparator  the new field separator text
      */
     protected void setFieldSeparator(String fieldSeparator) {
         if (fieldSeparator == null) {
             fieldSeparator = StringUtils.EMPTY;
         }
         this.fieldSeparator = fieldSeparator;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets whether the field separator should be added at the end
      * of each buffer.
      *
      * @param fieldSeparatorAtEnd  the fieldSeparatorAtEnd flag
      * @since 2.0
      */
     protected void setFieldSeparatorAtEnd(final boolean fieldSeparatorAtEnd) {
         this.fieldSeparatorAtEnd = fieldSeparatorAtEnd;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets whether the field separator should be added at the start
      * of each buffer.
      *
      * @param fieldSeparatorAtStart  the fieldSeparatorAtStart flag
      * @since 2.0
      */
     protected void setFieldSeparatorAtStart(final boolean fieldSeparatorAtStart) {
         this.fieldSeparatorAtStart = fieldSeparatorAtStart;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the text to output when {@code null} found.
      *
      * <p>{@code null} is accepted, but will be converted to
      * an empty String.</p>
      *
      * @param nullText  the new text to output when null found
      */
     protected void setNullText(String nullText) {
         if (nullText == null) {
             nullText = StringUtils.EMPTY;
         }
         this.nullText = nullText;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the end text to output when a {@link Collection},
      * {@link Map} or array size is output.
      *
      * <p>This is output after the size value.</p>
      *
      * <p>{@code null} is accepted, but will be converted to
      * an empty String.</p>
      *
      * @param sizeEndText  the new end of size text
      */
     protected void setSizeEndText(String sizeEndText) {
         if (sizeEndText == null) {
             sizeEndText = StringUtils.EMPTY;
         }
         this.sizeEndText = sizeEndText;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the start text to output when a {@link Collection},
      * {@link Map} or array size is output.
      *
      * <p>This is output before the size value.</p>
      *
      * <p>{@code null} is accepted, but will be converted to
      * an empty String.</p>
      *
      * @param sizeStartText  the new start of size text
      */
     protected void setSizeStartText(String sizeStartText) {
         if (sizeStartText == null) {
             sizeStartText = StringUtils.EMPTY;
         }
         this.sizeStartText = sizeStartText;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the end text to output when an {@link Object} is
      * output in summary mode.
      *
      * <p>This is output after the size value.</p>
      *
      * <p>{@code null} is accepted, but will be converted to
      * an empty String.</p>
      *
      * @param summaryObjectEndText  the new end of summary text
      */
     protected void setSummaryObjectEndText(String summaryObjectEndText) {
         if (summaryObjectEndText == null) {
             summaryObjectEndText = StringUtils.EMPTY;
         }
         this.summaryObjectEndText = summaryObjectEndText;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the start text to output when an {@link Object} is
      * output in summary mode.
      *
      * <p>This is output before the size value.</p>
      *
      * <p>{@code null} is accepted, but will be converted to
      * an empty String.</p>
      *
      * @param summaryObjectStartText  the new start of summary text
      */
     protected void setSummaryObjectStartText(String summaryObjectStartText) {
         if (summaryObjectStartText == null) {
             summaryObjectStartText = StringUtils.EMPTY;
         }
         this.summaryObjectStartText = summaryObjectStartText;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets whether to use the class name.
      *
      * @param useClassName  the new useClassName flag
      */
     protected void setUseClassName(final boolean useClassName) {
         this.useClassName = useClassName;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets whether to use the field names passed in.
      *
      * @param useFieldNames  the new useFieldNames flag
      */
     protected void setUseFieldNames(final boolean useFieldNames) {
         this.useFieldNames = useFieldNames;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets whether to use the identity hash code.
      *
      * @param useIdentityHashCode  the new useIdentityHashCode flag
      */
     protected void setUseIdentityHashCode(final boolean useIdentityHashCode) {
         this.useIdentityHashCode = useIdentityHashCode;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets whether to output short or long class names.
      *
      * @param useShortClassName  the new useShortClassName flag
      * @since 2.0
      */
     protected void setUseShortClassName(final boolean useShortClassName) {
         this.useShortClassName = useShortClassName;
     }
 }