/*
    * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
    * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
    * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
    * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
    * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
    * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
    *
    *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
   *
   * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
   * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
   * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
   * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
   * limitations under the License.
   */
  package org.apache.commons.lang3.reflect;
  
  import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
  import java.lang.reflect.Array;
  import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
  import java.lang.reflect.Method;
  import java.lang.reflect.Type;
  import java.lang.reflect.TypeVariable;
  import java.util.ArrayList;
  import java.util.Arrays;
  import java.util.Comparator;
  import java.util.Iterator;
  import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
  import java.util.List;
  import java.util.Map;
  import java.util.Objects;
  import java.util.Set;
  import java.util.TreeMap;
  import java.util.stream.Collectors;
  import java.util.stream.Stream;
  
  import org.apache.commons.lang3.ArrayUtils;
  import org.apache.commons.lang3.ClassUtils;
  import org.apache.commons.lang3.ClassUtils.Interfaces;
  import org.apache.commons.lang3.Validate;
  
  /**
   * Utility reflection methods focused on {@link Method}s, originally from Commons BeanUtils.
   * Differences from the BeanUtils version may be noted, especially where similar functionality
   * already existed within Lang.
   *
   * <h2>Known Limitations</h2>
   * <h3>Accessing Public Methods In A Default Access Superclass</h3>
   * <p>There is an issue when invoking {@code public} methods contained in a default access superclass on JREs prior to 1.4.
   * Reflection locates these methods fine and correctly assigns them as {@code public}.
   * However, an {@link IllegalAccessException} is thrown if the method is invoked.</p>
   *
   * <p>{@link MethodUtils} contains a workaround for this situation.
   * It will attempt to call {@link java.lang.reflect.AccessibleObject#setAccessible(boolean)} on this method.
   * If this call succeeds, then the method can be invoked as normal.
   * This call will only succeed when the application has sufficient security privileges.
   * If this call fails then the method may fail.</p>
   *
   * @since 2.5
   */
  public class MethodUtils {
  
      private static final Comparator<Method> METHOD_BY_SIGNATURE = Comparator.comparing(Method::toString);
  
      /**
       * {@link MethodUtils} instances should NOT be constructed in standard programming.
       * Instead, the class should be used as
       * {@code MethodUtils.getAccessibleMethod(method)}.
       *
       * <p>This constructor is {@code public} to permit tools that require a JavaBean
       * instance to operate.</p>
       */
      public MethodUtils() {
      }
  
      /**
       * Invokes a named method without parameters.
       *
       * <p>This method delegates the method search to {@link #getMatchingAccessibleMethod(Class, String, Class[])}.</p>
       *
       * <p>This is a convenient wrapper for
       * {@link #invokeMethod(Object object, String methodName, Object[] args, Class[] parameterTypes)}.
       * </p>
       *
       * @param object invoke method on this object
       * @param methodName get method with this name
       * @return The value returned by the invoked method
       *
       * @throws NoSuchMethodException if there is no such accessible method
       * @throws InvocationTargetException wraps an exception thrown by the method invoked
       * @throws IllegalAccessException if the requested method is not accessible via reflection
       *
       *  @since 3.4
       */
      public static Object invokeMethod(final Object object, final String methodName) throws NoSuchMethodException,
              IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
          return invokeMethod(object, methodName, ArrayUtils.EMPTY_OBJECT_ARRAY, null);
      }
 
     /**
      * Invokes a named method without parameters.
      *
      * <p>This is a convenient wrapper for
      * {@link #invokeMethod(Object object, boolean forceAccess, String methodName, Object[] args, Class[] parameterTypes)}.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param object invoke method on this object
      * @param forceAccess force access to invoke method even if it's not accessible
      * @param methodName get method with this name
      * @return The value returned by the invoked method
      *
      * @throws NoSuchMethodException if there is no such accessible method
      * @throws InvocationTargetException wraps an exception thrown by the method invoked
      * @throws IllegalAccessException if the requested method is not accessible via reflection
      *
      * @since 3.5
      */
     public static Object invokeMethod(final Object object, final boolean forceAccess, final String methodName)
             throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
         return invokeMethod(object, forceAccess, methodName, ArrayUtils.EMPTY_OBJECT_ARRAY, null);
     }
 
     /**
      * Invokes a named method whose parameter type matches the object type.
      *
      * <p>This method delegates the method search to {@link #getMatchingAccessibleMethod(Class, String, Class[])}.</p>
      *
      * <p>This method supports calls to methods taking primitive parameters
      * via passing in wrapping classes. So, for example, a {@link Boolean} object
      * would match a {@code boolean} primitive.</p>
      *
      * <p>This is a convenient wrapper for
      * {@link #invokeMethod(Object object, String methodName, Object[] args, Class[] parameterTypes)}.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param object invoke method on this object
      * @param methodName get method with this name
      * @param args use these arguments - treat null as empty array
      * @return The value returned by the invoked method
      *
      * @throws NoSuchMethodException if there is no such accessible method
      * @throws InvocationTargetException wraps an exception thrown by the method invoked
      * @throws IllegalAccessException if the requested method is not accessible via reflection
      * @throws NullPointerException if the object or method name are {@code null}
      */
     public static Object invokeMethod(final Object object, final String methodName,
             Object... args) throws NoSuchMethodException,
             IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
         args = ArrayUtils.nullToEmpty(args);
         return invokeMethod(object, methodName, args, ClassUtils.toClass(args));
     }
 
     /**
      * Invokes a named method whose parameter type matches the object type.
      *
      * <p>This method supports calls to methods taking primitive parameters
      * via passing in wrapping classes. So, for example, a {@link Boolean} object
      * would match a {@code boolean} primitive.</p>
      *
      * <p>This is a convenient wrapper for
      * {@link #invokeMethod(Object object, boolean forceAccess, String methodName, Object[] args, Class[] parameterTypes)}.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param object invoke method on this object
      * @param forceAccess force access to invoke method even if it's not accessible
      * @param methodName get method with this name
      * @param args use these arguments - treat null as empty array
      * @return The value returned by the invoked method
      *
      * @throws NoSuchMethodException if there is no such accessible method
      * @throws InvocationTargetException wraps an exception thrown by the method invoked
      * @throws IllegalAccessException if the requested method is not accessible via reflection
      * @throws NullPointerException if the object or method name are {@code null}
      * @since 3.5
      */
     public static Object invokeMethod(final Object object, final boolean forceAccess, final String methodName,
             Object... args) throws NoSuchMethodException,
             IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
         args = ArrayUtils.nullToEmpty(args);
         return invokeMethod(object, forceAccess, methodName, args, ClassUtils.toClass(args));
     }
 
     /**
      * Invokes a named method whose parameter type matches the object type.
      *
      * <p>This method supports calls to methods taking primitive parameters
      * via passing in wrapping classes. So, for example, a {@link Boolean} object
      * would match a {@code boolean} primitive.</p>
      *
      * @param object invoke method on this object
      * @param forceAccess force access to invoke method even if it's not accessible
      * @param methodName get method with this name
      * @param args use these arguments - treat null as empty array
      * @param parameterTypes match these parameters - treat null as empty array
      * @return The value returned by the invoked method
      *
      * @throws NoSuchMethodException if there is no such accessible method
      * @throws InvocationTargetException wraps an exception thrown by the method invoked
      * @throws IllegalAccessException if the requested method is not accessible via reflection
      * @throws NullPointerException if the object or method name are {@code null}
      * @since 3.5
      */
     public static Object invokeMethod(final Object object, final boolean forceAccess, final String methodName, Object[] args, Class<?>[] parameterTypes)
         throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
         Objects.requireNonNull(object, "object");
         parameterTypes = ArrayUtils.nullToEmpty(parameterTypes);
         args = ArrayUtils.nullToEmpty(args);
 
         final String messagePrefix;
         final Method method;
 
         final Class<? extends Object> cls = object.getClass();
         if (forceAccess) {
             messagePrefix = "No such method: ";
             method = getMatchingMethod(cls, methodName, parameterTypes);
             if (method != null && !method.isAccessible()) {
                 method.setAccessible(true);
             }
         } else {
             messagePrefix = "No such accessible method: ";
             method = getMatchingAccessibleMethod(cls, methodName, parameterTypes);
         }
 
         if (method == null) {
             throw new NoSuchMethodException(messagePrefix + methodName + "() on object: " + cls.getName());
         }
         args = toVarArgs(method, args);
 
         return method.invoke(object, args);
     }
 
     /**
      * Invokes a named method whose parameter type matches the object type.
      *
      * <p>This method delegates the method search to {@link #getMatchingAccessibleMethod(Class, String, Class[])}.</p>
      *
      * <p>This method supports calls to methods taking primitive parameters
      * via passing in wrapping classes. So, for example, a {@link Boolean} object
      * would match a {@code boolean} primitive.</p>
      *
      * @param object invoke method on this object
      * @param methodName get method with this name
      * @param args use these arguments - treat null as empty array
      * @param parameterTypes match these parameters - treat null as empty array
      * @return The value returned by the invoked method
      *
      * @throws NoSuchMethodException if there is no such accessible method
      * @throws InvocationTargetException wraps an exception thrown by the method invoked
      * @throws IllegalAccessException if the requested method is not accessible via reflection
      */
     public static Object invokeMethod(final Object object, final String methodName,
             final Object[] args, final Class<?>[] parameterTypes)
             throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException,
             InvocationTargetException {
         return invokeMethod(object, false, methodName, args, parameterTypes);
     }
 
     /**
      * Invokes a method whose parameter types match exactly the object
      * types.
      *
      * <p>This uses reflection to invoke the method obtained from a call to
      * {@link #getAccessibleMethod}(Class, String, Class[])}.</p>
      *
      * @param object invoke method on this object
      * @param methodName get method with this name
      * @return The value returned by the invoked method
      *
      * @throws NoSuchMethodException if there is no such accessible method
      * @throws InvocationTargetException wraps an exception thrown by the
      *  method invoked
      * @throws IllegalAccessException if the requested method is not accessible
      *  via reflection
      *
      * @since 3.4
      */
     public static Object invokeExactMethod(final Object object, final String methodName) throws NoSuchMethodException,
             IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
         return invokeExactMethod(object, methodName, ArrayUtils.EMPTY_OBJECT_ARRAY, null);
     }
 
     /**
      * Invokes a method with no parameters.
      *
      * <p>This uses reflection to invoke the method obtained from a call to
      * {@link #getAccessibleMethod}(Class, String, Class[])}.</p>
      *
      * @param object invoke method on this object
      * @param methodName get method with this name
      * @param args use these arguments - treat null as empty array
      * @return The value returned by the invoked method
      *
      * @throws NoSuchMethodException if there is no such accessible method
      * @throws InvocationTargetException wraps an exception thrown by the
      *  method invoked
      * @throws IllegalAccessException if the requested method is not accessible
      *  via reflection
      * @throws NullPointerException if the object or method name are {@code null}
      */
     public static Object invokeExactMethod(final Object object, final String methodName,
             Object... args) throws NoSuchMethodException,
             IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
         args = ArrayUtils.nullToEmpty(args);
         return invokeExactMethod(object, methodName, args, ClassUtils.toClass(args));
     }
 
     /**
      * Invokes a method whose parameter types match exactly the parameter
      * types given.
      *
      * <p>This uses reflection to invoke the method obtained from a call to
      * {@link #getAccessibleMethod(Class, String, Class[])}.</p>
      *
      * @param object invoke method on this object
      * @param methodName get method with this name
      * @param args use these arguments - treat null as empty array
      * @param parameterTypes match these parameters - treat {@code null} as empty array
      * @return The value returned by the invoked method
      *
      * @throws NoSuchMethodException if there is no such accessible method
      * @throws InvocationTargetException wraps an exception thrown by the
      *  method invoked
      * @throws IllegalAccessException if the requested method is not accessible
      *  via reflection
      * @throws NullPointerException if the object or method name are {@code null}
      */
     public static Object invokeExactMethod(final Object object, final String methodName, Object[] args, Class<?>[] parameterTypes)
         throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
         Objects.requireNonNull(object, "object");
         args = ArrayUtils.nullToEmpty(args);
         parameterTypes = ArrayUtils.nullToEmpty(parameterTypes);
         final Class<?> cls = object.getClass();
         final Method method = getAccessibleMethod(cls, methodName, parameterTypes);
         if (method == null) {
             throw new NoSuchMethodException("No such accessible method: " + methodName + "() on object: " + cls.getName());
         }
         return method.invoke(object, args);
     }
 
     /**
      * Invokes a {@code static} method whose parameter types match exactly the parameter
      * types given.
      *
      * <p>This uses reflection to invoke the method obtained from a call to
      * {@link #getAccessibleMethod(Class, String, Class[])}.</p>
      *
      * @param cls invoke static method on this class
      * @param methodName get method with this name
      * @param args use these arguments - treat {@code null} as empty array
      * @param parameterTypes match these parameters - treat {@code null} as empty array
      * @return The value returned by the invoked method
      *
      * @throws NoSuchMethodException if there is no such accessible method
      * @throws InvocationTargetException wraps an exception thrown by the
      *  method invoked
      * @throws IllegalAccessException if the requested method is not accessible
      *  via reflection
      */
     public static Object invokeExactStaticMethod(final Class<?> cls, final String methodName,
             Object[] args, Class<?>[] parameterTypes)
             throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException,
             InvocationTargetException {
         args = ArrayUtils.nullToEmpty(args);
         parameterTypes = ArrayUtils.nullToEmpty(parameterTypes);
         final Method method = getAccessibleMethod(cls, methodName, parameterTypes);
         if (method == null) {
             throw new NoSuchMethodException("No such accessible method: "
                     + methodName + "() on class: " + cls.getName());
         }
         return method.invoke(null, args);
     }
 
     /**
      * Invokes a named {@code static} method whose parameter type matches the object type.
      *
      * <p>This method delegates the method search to {@link #getMatchingAccessibleMethod(Class, String, Class[])}.</p>
      *
      * <p>This method supports calls to methods taking primitive parameters
      * via passing in wrapping classes. So, for example, a {@link Boolean} class
      * would match a {@code boolean} primitive.</p>
      *
      * <p>This is a convenient wrapper for
      * {@link #invokeStaticMethod(Class, String, Object[], Class[])}.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param cls invoke static method on this class
      * @param methodName get method with this name
      * @param args use these arguments - treat {@code null} as empty array
      * @return The value returned by the invoked method
      *
      * @throws NoSuchMethodException if there is no such accessible method
      * @throws InvocationTargetException wraps an exception thrown by the
      *  method invoked
      * @throws IllegalAccessException if the requested method is not accessible
      *  via reflection
      */
     public static Object invokeStaticMethod(final Class<?> cls, final String methodName,
             Object... args) throws NoSuchMethodException,
             IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
         args = ArrayUtils.nullToEmpty(args);
         return invokeStaticMethod(cls, methodName, args, ClassUtils.toClass(args));
     }
 
     /**
      * Invokes a named {@code static} method whose parameter type matches the object type.
      *
      * <p>This method delegates the method search to {@link #getMatchingAccessibleMethod(Class, String, Class[])}.</p>
      *
      * <p>This method supports calls to methods taking primitive parameters
      * via passing in wrapping classes. So, for example, a {@link Boolean} class
      * would match a {@code boolean} primitive.</p>
      *
      * @param cls invoke static method on this class
      * @param methodName get method with this name
      * @param args use these arguments - treat {@code null} as empty array
      * @param parameterTypes match these parameters - treat {@code null} as empty array
      * @return The value returned by the invoked method
      *
      * @throws NoSuchMethodException if there is no such accessible method
      * @throws InvocationTargetException wraps an exception thrown by the
      *  method invoked
      * @throws IllegalAccessException if the requested method is not accessible
      *  via reflection
      */
     public static Object invokeStaticMethod(final Class<?> cls, final String methodName,
             Object[] args, Class<?>[] parameterTypes)
             throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException,
             InvocationTargetException {
         args = ArrayUtils.nullToEmpty(args);
         parameterTypes = ArrayUtils.nullToEmpty(parameterTypes);
         final Method method = getMatchingAccessibleMethod(cls, methodName,
                 parameterTypes);
         if (method == null) {
             throw new NoSuchMethodException("No such accessible method: "
                     + methodName + "() on class: " + cls.getName());
         }
         args = toVarArgs(method, args);
         return method.invoke(null, args);
     }
 
     private static Object[] toVarArgs(final Method method, Object[] args) {
         if (method.isVarArgs()) {
             final Class<?>[] methodParameterTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
             args = getVarArgs(args, methodParameterTypes);
         }
         return args;
     }
 
     /**
      * Given an arguments array passed to a varargs method, return an array of arguments in the canonical form,
      * i.e. an array with the declared number of parameters, and whose last parameter is an array of the varargs type.
      *
      * @param args the array of arguments passed to the varags method
      * @param methodParameterTypes the declared array of method parameter types
      * @return an array of the variadic arguments passed to the method
      * @since 3.5
      */
     static Object[] getVarArgs(final Object[] args, final Class<?>[] methodParameterTypes) {
         if (args.length == methodParameterTypes.length && (args[args.length - 1] == null ||
                 args[args.length - 1].getClass().equals(methodParameterTypes[methodParameterTypes.length - 1]))) {
             // The args array is already in the canonical form for the method.
             return args;
         }
 
         // Construct a new array matching the method's declared parameter types.
         final Object[] newArgs = new Object[methodParameterTypes.length];
 
         // Copy the normal (non-varargs) parameters
         System.arraycopy(args, 0, newArgs, 0, methodParameterTypes.length - 1);
 
         // Construct a new array for the variadic parameters
         final Class<?> varArgComponentType = methodParameterTypes[methodParameterTypes.length - 1].getComponentType();
         final int varArgLength = args.length - methodParameterTypes.length + 1;
 
         Object varArgsArray = Array.newInstance(ClassUtils.primitiveToWrapper(varArgComponentType), varArgLength);
         // Copy the variadic arguments into the varargs array.
         System.arraycopy(args, methodParameterTypes.length - 1, varArgsArray, 0, varArgLength);
 
         if (varArgComponentType.isPrimitive()) {
             // unbox from wrapper type to primitive type
             varArgsArray = ArrayUtils.toPrimitive(varArgsArray);
         }
 
         // Store the varargs array in the last position of the array to return
         newArgs[methodParameterTypes.length - 1] = varArgsArray;
 
         // Return the canonical varargs array.
         return newArgs;
     }
 
     /**
      * Invokes a {@code static} method whose parameter types match exactly the object
      * types.
      *
      * <p>This uses reflection to invoke the method obtained from a call to
      * {@link #getAccessibleMethod(Class, String, Class[])}.</p>
      *
      * @param cls invoke static method on this class
      * @param methodName get method with this name
      * @param args use these arguments - treat {@code null} as empty array
      * @return The value returned by the invoked method
      *
      * @throws NoSuchMethodException if there is no such accessible method
      * @throws InvocationTargetException wraps an exception thrown by the
      *  method invoked
      * @throws IllegalAccessException if the requested method is not accessible
      *  via reflection
      */
     public static Object invokeExactStaticMethod(final Class<?> cls, final String methodName,
             Object... args) throws NoSuchMethodException,
             IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
         args = ArrayUtils.nullToEmpty(args);
         return invokeExactStaticMethod(cls, methodName, args, ClassUtils.toClass(args));
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns an accessible method (that is, one that can be invoked via
      * reflection) with given name and parameters. If no such method
      * can be found, return {@code null}.
      * This is just a convenience wrapper for
      * {@link #getAccessibleMethod(Method)}.
      *
      * @param cls get method from this class
      * @param methodName get method with this name
      * @param parameterTypes with these parameters types
      * @return The accessible method
      */
     public static Method getAccessibleMethod(final Class<?> cls, final String methodName,
         final Class<?>... parameterTypes) {
         try {
             return getAccessibleMethod(cls.getMethod(methodName, parameterTypes));
         } catch (final NoSuchMethodException e) {
             return null;
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns an accessible method (that is, one that can be invoked via
      * reflection) that implements the specified Method. If no such method
      * can be found, return {@code null}.
      *
      * @param method The method that we wish to call
      * @return The accessible method
      */
     public static Method getAccessibleMethod(Method method) {
         if (!MemberUtils.isAccessible(method)) {
             return null;
         }
         // If the declaring class is public, we are done
         final Class<?> cls = method.getDeclaringClass();
         if (ClassUtils.isPublic(cls)) {
             return method;
         }
         final String methodName = method.getName();
         final Class<?>[] parameterTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
 
         // Check the implemented interfaces and subinterfaces
         method = getAccessibleMethodFromInterfaceNest(cls, methodName,
                 parameterTypes);
 
         // Check the superclass chain
         if (method == null) {
             method = getAccessibleMethodFromSuperclass(cls, methodName,
                     parameterTypes);
         }
         return method;
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns an accessible method (that is, one that can be invoked via
      * reflection) by scanning through the superclasses. If no such method
      * can be found, return {@code null}.
      *
      * @param cls Class to be checked
      * @param methodName Method name of the method we wish to call
      * @param parameterTypes The parameter type signatures
      * @return the accessible method or {@code null} if not found
      */
     private static Method getAccessibleMethodFromSuperclass(final Class<?> cls,
             final String methodName, final Class<?>... parameterTypes) {
         Class<?> parentClass = cls.getSuperclass();
         while (parentClass != null) {
             if (ClassUtils.isPublic(parentClass)) {
                 try {
                     return parentClass.getMethod(methodName, parameterTypes);
                 } catch (final NoSuchMethodException e) {
                     return null;
                 }
             }
             parentClass = parentClass.getSuperclass();
         }
         return null;
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns an accessible method (that is, one that can be invoked via
      * reflection) that implements the specified method, by scanning through
      * all implemented interfaces and subinterfaces. If no such method
      * can be found, return {@code null}.
      *
      * <p>There isn't any good reason why this method must be {@code private}.
      * It is because there doesn't seem any reason why other classes should
      * call this rather than the higher level methods.</p>
      *
      * @param cls Parent class for the interfaces to be checked
      * @param methodName Method name of the method we wish to call
      * @param parameterTypes The parameter type signatures
      * @return the accessible method or {@code null} if not found
      */
     private static Method getAccessibleMethodFromInterfaceNest(Class<?> cls,
             final String methodName, final Class<?>... parameterTypes) {
         // Search up the superclass chain
         for (; cls != null; cls = cls.getSuperclass()) {
 
             // Check the implemented interfaces of the parent class
             final Class<?>[] interfaces = cls.getInterfaces();
             for (final Class<?> anInterface : interfaces) {
                 // Is this interface public?
                 if (!ClassUtils.isPublic(anInterface)) {
                     continue;
                 }
                 // Does the method exist on this interface?
                 try {
                     return anInterface.getDeclaredMethod(methodName,
                             parameterTypes);
                 } catch (final NoSuchMethodException ignored) {
                     /*
                      * Swallow, if no method is found after the loop then this
                      * method returns null.
                      */
                 }
                 // Recursively check our parent interfaces
                 final Method method = getAccessibleMethodFromInterfaceNest(anInterface,
                         methodName, parameterTypes);
                 if (method != null) {
                     return method;
                 }
             }
         }
         return null;
     }
 
     /**
      * Finds an accessible method that matches the given name and has compatible parameters.
      * Compatible parameters mean that every method parameter is assignable from
      * the given parameters.
      * In other words, it finds a method with the given name
      * that will take the parameters given.
      *
      * <p>This method is used by
      * {@link
      * #invokeMethod(Object object, String methodName, Object[] args, Class[] parameterTypes)}.
      * </p>
      *
      * <p>This method can match primitive parameter by passing in wrapper classes.
      * For example, a {@link Boolean} will match a primitive {@code boolean}
      * parameter.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param cls find method in this class
      * @param methodName find method with this name
      * @param parameterTypes find method with most compatible parameters
      * @return The accessible method
      */
     public static Method getMatchingAccessibleMethod(final Class<?> cls,
         final String methodName, final Class<?>... parameterTypes) {
         try {
             return MemberUtils.setAccessibleWorkaround(cls.getMethod(methodName, parameterTypes));
         } catch (final NoSuchMethodException ignored) {
             // Swallow the exception
         }
         // search through all methods
         final Method[] methods = cls.getMethods();
         final List<Method> matchingMethods = Stream.of(methods)
             .filter(method -> method.getName().equals(methodName) && MemberUtils.isMatchingMethod(method, parameterTypes)).collect(Collectors.toList());
 
         // Sort methods by signature to force deterministic result
         matchingMethods.sort(METHOD_BY_SIGNATURE);
 
         Method bestMatch = null;
         for (final Method method : matchingMethods) {
             // get accessible version of method
             final Method accessibleMethod = getAccessibleMethod(method);
             if (accessibleMethod != null && (bestMatch == null || MemberUtils.compareMethodFit(accessibleMethod, bestMatch, parameterTypes) < 0)) {
                 bestMatch = accessibleMethod;
             }
         }
         if (bestMatch != null) {
             MemberUtils.setAccessibleWorkaround(bestMatch);
         }
 
         if (bestMatch != null && bestMatch.isVarArgs() && bestMatch.getParameterTypes().length > 0 && parameterTypes.length > 0) {
             final Class<?>[] methodParameterTypes = bestMatch.getParameterTypes();
             final Class<?> methodParameterComponentType = methodParameterTypes[methodParameterTypes.length - 1].getComponentType();
             final String methodParameterComponentTypeName = ClassUtils.primitiveToWrapper(methodParameterComponentType).getName();
 
             final Class<?> lastParameterType = parameterTypes[parameterTypes.length - 1];
             final String parameterTypeName = lastParameterType == null ? null : lastParameterType.getName();
             final String parameterTypeSuperClassName = lastParameterType == null ? null : lastParameterType.getSuperclass().getName();
 
             if (parameterTypeName != null && parameterTypeSuperClassName != null && !methodParameterComponentTypeName.equals(parameterTypeName)
                 && !methodParameterComponentTypeName.equals(parameterTypeSuperClassName)) {
                 return null;
             }
         }
 
         return bestMatch;
     }
 
     /**
      * Retrieves a method whether or not it's accessible. If no such method
      * can be found, return {@code null}.
      * @param cls The class that will be subjected to the method search
      * @param methodName The method that we wish to call
      * @param parameterTypes Argument class types
      * @throws IllegalStateException if there is no unique result
      * @throws NullPointerException if the class is {@code null}
      * @return The method
      *
      * @since 3.5
      */
     public static Method getMatchingMethod(final Class<?> cls, final String methodName,
             final Class<?>... parameterTypes) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(cls, "cls");
         Validate.notEmpty(methodName, "methodName");
 
         final List<Method> methods = Stream.of(cls.getDeclaredMethods())
                 .filter(method -> method.getName().equals(methodName))
                 .collect(Collectors.toList());
 
         ClassUtils.getAllSuperclasses(cls).stream()
                 .map(Class::getDeclaredMethods)
                 .flatMap(Stream::of)
                 .filter(method -> method.getName().equals(methodName))
                 .forEach(methods::add);
 
         for (final Method method : methods) {
             if (Arrays.deepEquals(method.getParameterTypes(), parameterTypes)) {
                 return method;
             }
         }
 
         final TreeMap<Integer, List<Method>> candidates = new TreeMap<>();
 
         methods.stream()
                 .filter(method -> ClassUtils.isAssignable(parameterTypes, method.getParameterTypes(), true))
                 .forEach(method -> {
                     final int distance = distance(parameterTypes, method.getParameterTypes());
                     final List<Method> candidatesAtDistance = candidates.computeIfAbsent(distance, k -> new ArrayList<>());
                     candidatesAtDistance.add(method);
                 });
 
         if (candidates.isEmpty()) {
             return null;
         }
 
         final List<Method> bestCandidates = candidates.values().iterator().next();
         if (bestCandidates.size() == 1 || !Objects.equals(bestCandidates.get(0).getDeclaringClass(),
                 bestCandidates.get(1).getDeclaringClass())) {
             return bestCandidates.get(0);
         }
 
         throw new IllegalStateException(
                 String.format("Found multiple candidates for method %s on class %s : %s",
                         methodName + Stream.of(parameterTypes).map(String::valueOf).collect(Collectors.joining(",", "(", ")")),
                         cls.getName(),
                         bestCandidates.stream().map(Method::toString).collect(Collectors.joining(",", "[", "]")))
         );
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns the aggregate number of inheritance hops between assignable argument class types.  Returns -1
      * if the arguments aren't assignable.  Fills a specific purpose for getMatchingMethod and is not generalized.
      * @param fromClassArray the Class array to calculate the distance from.
      * @param toClassArray the Class array to calculate the distance to.
      * @return the aggregate number of inheritance hops between assignable argument class types.
      */
     private static int distance(final Class<?>[] fromClassArray, final Class<?>[] toClassArray) {
         int answer = 0;
 
         if (!ClassUtils.isAssignable(fromClassArray, toClassArray, true)) {
             return -1;
         }
         for (int offset = 0; offset < fromClassArray.length; offset++) {
             // Note InheritanceUtils.distance() uses different scoring system.
             final Class<?> aClass = fromClassArray[offset];
             final Class<?> toClass = toClassArray[offset];
             if (aClass == null || aClass.equals(toClass)) {
                 continue;
             }
             if (ClassUtils.isAssignable(aClass, toClass, true)
                     && !ClassUtils.isAssignable(aClass, toClass, false)) {
                 answer++;
             } else {
                 answer = answer + 2;
             }
         }
 
         return answer;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the hierarchy of overridden methods down to {@code result} respecting generics.
      * @param method lowest to consider
      * @param interfacesBehavior whether to search interfaces, {@code null} {@code implies} false
      * @return Set&lt;Method&gt; in ascending order from sub- to superclass
      * @throws NullPointerException if the specified method is {@code null}
      * @since 3.2
      */
     public static Set<Method> getOverrideHierarchy(final Method method, final Interfaces interfacesBehavior) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(method, "method");
         final Set<Method> result = new LinkedHashSet<>();
         result.add(method);
 
         final Class<?>[] parameterTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
 
         final Class<?> declaringClass = method.getDeclaringClass();
 
         final Iterator<Class<?>> hierarchy = ClassUtils.hierarchy(declaringClass, interfacesBehavior).iterator();
         //skip the declaring class :P
         hierarchy.next();
         hierarchyTraversal: while (hierarchy.hasNext()) {
             final Class<?> c = hierarchy.next();
             final Method m = getMatchingAccessibleMethod(c, method.getName(), parameterTypes);
             if (m == null) {
                 continue;
             }
             if (Arrays.equals(m.getParameterTypes(), parameterTypes)) {
                 // matches without generics
                 result.add(m);
                 continue;
             }
             // necessary to get arguments every time in the case that we are including interfaces
             final Map<TypeVariable<?>, Type> typeArguments = TypeUtils.getTypeArguments(declaringClass, m.getDeclaringClass());
             for (int i = 0; i < parameterTypes.length; i++) {
                 final Type childType = TypeUtils.unrollVariables(typeArguments, method.getGenericParameterTypes()[i]);
                 final Type parentType = TypeUtils.unrollVariables(typeArguments, m.getGenericParameterTypes()[i]);
                 if (!TypeUtils.equals(childType, parentType)) {
                     continue hierarchyTraversal;
                 }
             }
             result.add(m);
         }
         return result;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets all class level public methods of the given class that are annotated with the given annotation.
      * @param cls
      *            the {@link Class} to query
      * @param annotationCls
      *            the {@link java.lang.annotation.Annotation} that must be present on a method to be matched
      * @return an array of Methods (possibly empty).
      * @throws NullPointerException if the class or annotation are {@code null}
      * @since 3.4
      */
     public static Method[] getMethodsWithAnnotation(final Class<?> cls, final Class<? extends Annotation> annotationCls) {
         return getMethodsWithAnnotation(cls, annotationCls, false, false);
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets all class level public methods of the given class that are annotated with the given annotation.
      * @param cls
      *            the {@link Class} to query
      * @param annotationCls
      *            the {@link Annotation} that must be present on a method to be matched
      * @return a list of Methods (possibly empty).
      * @throws NullPointerException
      *            if the class or annotation are {@code null}
      * @since 3.4
      */
     public static List<Method> getMethodsListWithAnnotation(final Class<?> cls, final Class<? extends Annotation> annotationCls) {
         return getMethodsListWithAnnotation(cls, annotationCls, false, false);
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets all methods of the given class that are annotated with the given annotation.
      * @param cls
      *            the {@link Class} to query
      * @param annotationCls
      *            the {@link java.lang.annotation.Annotation} that must be present on a method to be matched
      * @param searchSupers
      *            determines if a lookup in the entire inheritance hierarchy of the given class should be performed
      * @param ignoreAccess
      *            determines if non-public methods should be considered
      * @return an array of Methods (possibly empty).
      * @throws NullPointerException if the class or annotation are {@code null}
      * @since 3.6
      */
     public static Method[] getMethodsWithAnnotation(final Class<?> cls, final Class<? extends Annotation> annotationCls,
         final boolean searchSupers, final boolean ignoreAccess) {
         return getMethodsListWithAnnotation(cls, annotationCls, searchSupers, ignoreAccess).toArray(ArrayUtils.EMPTY_METHOD_ARRAY);
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets all methods of the given class that are annotated with the given annotation.
      * @param cls
      *            the {@link Class} to query
      * @param annotationCls
      *            the {@link Annotation} that must be present on a method to be matched
      * @param searchSupers
      *            determines if a lookup in the entire inheritance hierarchy of the given class should be performed
      * @param ignoreAccess
      *            determines if non-public methods should be considered
      * @return a list of Methods (possibly empty).
      * @throws NullPointerException if either the class or annotation class is {@code null}
      * @since 3.6
      */
     public static List<Method> getMethodsListWithAnnotation(final Class<?> cls,
                                                             final Class<? extends Annotation> annotationCls,
                                                             final boolean searchSupers, final boolean ignoreAccess) {
 
         Objects.requireNonNull(cls, "cls");
         Objects.requireNonNull(annotationCls, "annotationCls");
         final List<Class<?>> classes = searchSupers ? getAllSuperclassesAndInterfaces(cls) : new ArrayList<>();
         classes.add(0, cls);
         final List<Method> annotatedMethods = new ArrayList<>();
         classes.forEach(acls -> {
             final Method[] methods = ignoreAccess ? acls.getDeclaredMethods() : acls.getMethods();
             Stream.of(methods).filter(method -> method.isAnnotationPresent(annotationCls)).forEachOrdered(annotatedMethods::add);
         });
         return annotatedMethods;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the annotation object with the given annotation type that is present on the given method
      * or optionally on any equivalent method in super classes and interfaces. Returns null if the annotation
      * type was not present.
      *
      * <p>Stops searching for an annotation once the first annotation of the specified type has been
      * found. Additional annotations of the specified type will be silently ignored.</p>
      * @param <A>
      *            the annotation type
      * @param method
      *            the {@link Method} to query
      * @param annotationCls
      *            the {@link Annotation} to check if is present on the method
      * @param searchSupers
      *            determines if a lookup in the entire inheritance hierarchy of the given class is performed
      *            if the annotation was not directly present
      * @param ignoreAccess
      *            determines if underlying method has to be accessible
      * @return the first matching annotation, or {@code null} if not found
      * @throws NullPointerException if either the method or annotation class is {@code null}
      * @since 3.6
      */
     public static <A extends Annotation> A getAnnotation(final Method method, final Class<A> annotationCls,
                                                          final boolean searchSupers, final boolean ignoreAccess) {
 
         Objects.requireNonNull(method, "method");
         Objects.requireNonNull(annotationCls, "annotationCls");
         if (!ignoreAccess && !MemberUtils.isAccessible(method)) {
             return null;
         }
 
         A annotation = method.getAnnotation(annotationCls);
 
         if (annotation == null && searchSupers) {
             final Class<?> mcls = method.getDeclaringClass();
             final List<Class<?>> classes = getAllSuperclassesAndInterfaces(mcls);
             for (final Class<?> acls : classes) {
                 final Method equivalentMethod = ignoreAccess ? MethodUtils.getMatchingMethod(acls, method.getName(), method.getParameterTypes())
                     : MethodUtils.getMatchingAccessibleMethod(acls, method.getName(), method.getParameterTypes());
                 if (equivalentMethod != null) {
                     annotation = equivalentMethod.getAnnotation(annotationCls);
                     if (annotation != null) {
                         break;
                     }
                 }
             }
         }
 
         return annotation;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets a combination of {@link ClassUtils#getAllSuperclasses(Class)} and
      * {@link ClassUtils#getAllInterfaces(Class)}, one from superclasses, one
      * from interfaces, and so on in a breadth first way.
      *
      * @param cls  the class to look up, may be {@code null}
      * @return the combined {@link List} of superclasses and interfaces in order
      * going up from this one
      *  {@code null} if null input
      */
     private static List<Class<?>> getAllSuperclassesAndInterfaces(final Class<?> cls) {
         if (cls == null) {
             return null;
         }
 
         final List<Class<?>> allSuperClassesAndInterfaces = new ArrayList<>();
         final List<Class<?>> allSuperclasses = ClassUtils.getAllSuperclasses(cls);
         int superClassIndex = 0;
         final List<Class<?>> allInterfaces = ClassUtils.getAllInterfaces(cls);
         int interfaceIndex = 0;
         while (interfaceIndex < allInterfaces.size() ||
                 superClassIndex < allSuperclasses.size()) {
             final Class<?> acls;
             if (interfaceIndex >= allInterfaces.size()) {
                 acls = allSuperclasses.get(superClassIndex++);
             } else if (superClassIndex >= allSuperclasses.size() || !(superClassIndex < interfaceIndex)) {
                 acls = allInterfaces.get(interfaceIndex++);
             } else {
                 acls = allSuperclasses.get(superClassIndex++);
             }
             allSuperClassesAndInterfaces.add(acls);
         }
         return allSuperClassesAndInterfaces;
     }
 }