/*
    * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
    * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
    * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
    * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
    * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
    * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
    *
    *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
   *
   * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
   * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
   * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
   * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
   * limitations under the License.
   */
  package org.apache.commons.lang3.reflect;
  
  import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
  import java.lang.reflect.Array;
  import java.lang.reflect.Executable;
  import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
  import java.lang.reflect.Method;
  import java.lang.reflect.Type;
  import java.lang.reflect.TypeVariable;
  import java.util.ArrayList;
  import java.util.Arrays;
  import java.util.Collections;
  import java.util.Comparator;
  import java.util.Iterator;
  import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
  import java.util.List;
  import java.util.Map;
  import java.util.Objects;
  import java.util.Set;
  import java.util.TreeMap;
  import java.util.stream.Collectors;
  import java.util.stream.Stream;
  
  import org.apache.commons.lang3.ArrayUtils;
  import org.apache.commons.lang3.ClassUtils;
  import org.apache.commons.lang3.ClassUtils.Interfaces;
  import org.apache.commons.lang3.Validate;
  import org.apache.commons.lang3.stream.LangCollectors;
  import org.apache.commons.lang3.stream.Streams;
  
  /**
   * Utility reflection methods focused on {@link Method}s, originally from Commons BeanUtils.
   * Differences from the BeanUtils version may be noted, especially where similar functionality
   * already existed within Lang.
   *
   * <h2>Known Limitations</h2>
   * <h3>Accessing Public Methods In A Default Access Superclass</h3>
   * <p>There is an issue when invoking {@code public} methods contained in a default access superclass on JREs prior to 1.4.
   * Reflection locates these methods fine and correctly assigns them as {@code public}.
   * However, an {@link IllegalAccessException} is thrown if the method is invoked.</p>
   *
   * <p>
   * {@link MethodUtils} contains a workaround for this situation.
   * It will attempt to call {@link java.lang.reflect.AccessibleObject#setAccessible(boolean)} on this method.
   * If this call succeeds, then the method can be invoked as normal.
   * This call will only succeed when the application has sufficient security privileges.
   * If this call fails then the method may fail.
   * </p>
   *
   * @since 2.5
   */
  public class MethodUtils {
  
      private static final Comparator<Method> METHOD_BY_SIGNATURE = Comparator.comparing(Method::toString);
  
      /**
       * Computes the aggregate number of inheritance hops between assignable argument class types.  Returns -1
       * if the arguments aren't assignable.  Fills a specific purpose for getMatchingMethod and is not generalized.
       *
       * @param fromClassArray the Class array to calculate the distance from.
       * @param toClassArray the Class array to calculate the distance to.
       * @return the aggregate number of inheritance hops between assignable argument class types.
       */
      private static int distance(final Class<?>[] fromClassArray, final Class<?>[] toClassArray) {
          int answer = 0;
          if (!ClassUtils.isAssignable(fromClassArray, toClassArray, true)) {
              return -1;
          }
          for (int offset = 0; offset < fromClassArray.length; offset++) {
              // Note InheritanceUtils.distance() uses different scoring system.
              final Class<?> aClass = fromClassArray[offset];
              final Class<?> toClass = toClassArray[offset];
              if (aClass == null || aClass.equals(toClass)) {
                  continue;
              }
              if (ClassUtils.isAssignable(aClass, toClass, true) && !ClassUtils.isAssignable(aClass, toClass, false)) {
                  answer++;
              } else {
                  answer += 2;
              }
          }
          return answer;
      }
 
     /**
      * Gets an accessible method (that is, one that can be invoked via reflection) that implements the specified Method. If no such method can be found, return
      * {@code null}.
      *
      * @param cls The implementing class, may be null.
      * @param method The method that we wish to call, may be null.
      * @return The accessible method or null.
      * @since 3.19.0
      */
     public static Method getAccessibleMethod(final Class<?> cls, final Method method) {
         if (!MemberUtils.isPublic(method)) {
             return null;
         }
         // If the declaring class is public, we are done
         if (ClassUtils.isPublic(cls)) {
             return method;
         }
         final String methodName = method.getName();
         final Class<?>[] parameterTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
         // Check the implemented interfaces and subinterfaces
         final Method method2 = getAccessibleMethodFromInterfaceNest(cls, methodName, parameterTypes);
         // Check the superclass chain
         return method2 != null ? method2 : getAccessibleMethodFromSuperclass(cls, methodName, parameterTypes);
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets an accessible method (that is, one that can be invoked via reflection) with given name and parameters. If no such method can be found, return
      * {@code null}. This is just a convenience wrapper for {@link #getAccessibleMethod(Method)}.
      *
      * @param cls            get method from this class.
      * @param methodName     get method with this name.
      * @param parameterTypes with these parameters types.
      * @return The accessible method.
      */
     public static Method getAccessibleMethod(final Class<?> cls, final String methodName, final Class<?>... parameterTypes) {
         return getAccessibleMethod(getMethodObject(cls, methodName, parameterTypes));
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets an accessible method (that is, one that can be invoked via reflection) that implements the specified Method. If no such method can be found, return
      * {@code null}.
      *
      * @param method The method that we wish to call, may be null.
      * @return The accessible method
      */
     public static Method getAccessibleMethod(final Method method) {
         return method != null ? getAccessibleMethod(method.getDeclaringClass(), method) : null;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets an accessible method (that is, one that can be invoked via
      * reflection) that implements the specified method, by scanning through
      * all implemented interfaces and subinterfaces. If no such method
      * can be found, return {@code null}.
      *
      * <p>
      * There isn't any good reason why this method must be {@code private}.
      * It is because there doesn't seem any reason why other classes should
      * call this rather than the higher level methods.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param cls Parent class for the interfaces to be checked.
      * @param methodName Method name of the method we wish to call.
      * @param parameterTypes The parameter type signatures.
      * @return the accessible method or {@code null} if not found.
      */
     private static Method getAccessibleMethodFromInterfaceNest(Class<?> cls, final String methodName, final Class<?>... parameterTypes) {
         // Search up the superclass chain
         for (; cls != null; cls = cls.getSuperclass()) {
             // Check the implemented interfaces of the parent class
             final Class<?>[] interfaces = cls.getInterfaces();
             for (final Class<?> anInterface : interfaces) {
                 // Is this interface public?
                 if (!ClassUtils.isPublic(anInterface)) {
                     continue;
                 }
                 // Does the method exist on this interface?
                 try {
                     return anInterface.getDeclaredMethod(methodName, parameterTypes);
                 } catch (final NoSuchMethodException ignored) {
                     /*
                      * Swallow, if no method is found after the loop then this method returns null.
                      */
                 }
                 // Recursively check our parent interfaces
                 final Method method = getAccessibleMethodFromInterfaceNest(anInterface, methodName, parameterTypes);
                 if (method != null) {
                     return method;
                 }
             }
         }
         return null;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets an accessible method (that is, one that can be invoked via
      * reflection) by scanning through the superclasses. If no such method
      * can be found, return {@code null}.
      *
      * @param cls Class to be checked.
      * @param methodName Method name of the method we wish to call.
      * @param parameterTypes The parameter type signatures.
      * @return the accessible method or {@code null} if not found.
      */
     private static Method getAccessibleMethodFromSuperclass(final Class<?> cls, final String methodName, final Class<?>... parameterTypes) {
         Class<?> parentClass = cls.getSuperclass();
         while (parentClass != null) {
             if (ClassUtils.isPublic(parentClass)) {
                 return getMethodObject(parentClass, methodName, parameterTypes);
             }
             parentClass = parentClass.getSuperclass();
         }
         return null;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets a combination of {@link ClassUtils#getAllSuperclasses(Class)} and {@link ClassUtils#getAllInterfaces(Class)}, one from superclasses, one from
      * interfaces, and so on in a breadth first way.
      *
      * @param cls the class to look up, may be {@code null}.
      * @return the combined {@link List} of superclasses and interfaces in order going up from this one {@code null} if null input.
      */
     private static List<Class<?>> getAllSuperclassesAndInterfaces(final Class<?> cls) {
         if (cls == null) {
             return null;
         }
         final List<Class<?>> allSuperClassesAndInterfaces = new ArrayList<>();
         final List<Class<?>> allSuperclasses = ClassUtils.getAllSuperclasses(cls);
         int superClassIndex = 0;
         final List<Class<?>> allInterfaces = ClassUtils.getAllInterfaces(cls);
         int interfaceIndex = 0;
         while (interfaceIndex < allInterfaces.size() || superClassIndex < allSuperclasses.size()) {
             final Class<?> acls;
             if (interfaceIndex >= allInterfaces.size() || superClassIndex < allSuperclasses.size() && superClassIndex < interfaceIndex) {
                 acls = allSuperclasses.get(superClassIndex++);
             } else {
                 acls = allInterfaces.get(interfaceIndex++);
             }
             allSuperClassesAndInterfaces.add(acls);
         }
         return allSuperClassesAndInterfaces;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the annotation object with the given annotation type that is present on the given method or optionally on any equivalent method in super classes and
      * interfaces. Returns null if the annotation type was not present.
      *
      * <p>
      * Stops searching for an annotation once the first annotation of the specified type has been found. Additional annotations of the specified type will be
      * silently ignored.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param <A>           the annotation type.
      * @param method        the {@link Method} to query, may be null.
      * @param annotationCls the {@link Annotation} to check if is present on the method.
      * @param searchSupers  determines if a lookup in the entire inheritance hierarchy of the given class is performed if the annotation was not directly
      *                      present.
      * @param ignoreAccess  determines if underlying method has to be accessible.
      * @return the first matching annotation, or {@code null} if not found.
      * @throws NullPointerException if either the method or annotation class is {@code null}.
      * @throws SecurityException    if an underlying accessible object's method denies the request.
      * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission
      * @since 3.6
      */
     public static <A extends Annotation> A getAnnotation(final Method method, final Class<A> annotationCls, final boolean searchSupers,
             final boolean ignoreAccess) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(method, "method");
         Objects.requireNonNull(annotationCls, "annotationCls");
         if (!ignoreAccess && !MemberUtils.isAccessible(method)) {
             return null;
         }
         A annotation = method.getAnnotation(annotationCls);
         if (annotation == null && searchSupers) {
             final Class<?> mcls = method.getDeclaringClass();
             final List<Class<?>> classes = getAllSuperclassesAndInterfaces(mcls);
             for (final Class<?> acls : classes) {
                 final Method equivalentMethod = ignoreAccess ? getMatchingMethod(acls, method.getName(), method.getParameterTypes())
                         : getMatchingAccessibleMethod(acls, method.getName(), method.getParameterTypes());
                 if (equivalentMethod != null) {
                     annotation = equivalentMethod.getAnnotation(annotationCls);
                     if (annotation != null) {
                         break;
                     }
                 }
             }
         }
         return annotation;
     }
 
     private static Method getInvokeMethod(final boolean forceAccess, final String methodName, final Class<?>[] parameterTypes, final Class<? extends Object> cls) {
         final Method method;
         if (forceAccess) {
             method = getMatchingMethod(cls, methodName, parameterTypes);
             AccessibleObjects.setAccessible(method);
         } else {
             method = getMatchingAccessibleMethod(cls, methodName, parameterTypes);
         }
         return method;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets an accessible method that matches the given name and has compatible parameters. Compatible parameters mean that every method parameter is assignable
      * from the given parameters. In other words, it finds a method with the given name that will take the parameters given.
      *
      * <p>
      * This method is used by {@link #invokeMethod(Object object, String methodName, Object[] args, Class[] parameterTypes)}.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * This method can match primitive parameter by passing in wrapper classes. For example, a {@link Boolean} will match a primitive {@code boolean} parameter.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param cls            find method in this class.
      * @param methodName     find method with this name.
      * @param requestTypes find method with most compatible parameters.
      * @return The accessible method or null.
      * @throws SecurityException if an underlying accessible object's method denies the request.
      * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission
      */
     public static Method getMatchingAccessibleMethod(final Class<?> cls, final String methodName, final Class<?>... requestTypes) {
         final Method candidate = getMethodObject(cls, methodName, requestTypes);
         if (candidate != null) {
             return MemberUtils.setAccessibleWorkaround(candidate);
         }
         // search through all methods
         final Method[] methods = cls.getMethods();
         final List<Method> matchingMethods = Stream.of(methods)
                 .filter(method -> method.getName().equals(methodName) && MemberUtils.isMatchingMethod(method, requestTypes)).collect(Collectors.toList());
         // Sort methods by signature to force deterministic result
         matchingMethods.sort(METHOD_BY_SIGNATURE);
         Method bestMatch = null;
         for (final Method method : matchingMethods) {
             // get accessible version of method
             final Method accessibleMethod = getAccessibleMethod(method);
             if (accessibleMethod != null && (bestMatch == null || MemberUtils.compareMethodFit(accessibleMethod, bestMatch, requestTypes) < 0)) {
                 bestMatch = accessibleMethod;
             }
         }
         if (bestMatch != null) {
             MemberUtils.setAccessibleWorkaround(bestMatch);
             if (bestMatch.isVarArgs()) {
                 final Class<?>[] bestMatchParameterTypes = bestMatch.getParameterTypes();
                 final Class<?> varArgType = bestMatchParameterTypes[bestMatchParameterTypes.length - 1].getComponentType();
                 for (int paramIdx = bestMatchParameterTypes.length - 1; paramIdx < requestTypes.length; paramIdx++) {
                     final Class<?> parameterType = requestTypes[paramIdx];
                     if (!ClassUtils.isAssignable(parameterType, varArgType, true)) {
                         return null;
                     }
                 }
             }
         }
         return bestMatch;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets a method whether or not it's accessible. If no such method can be found, return {@code null}.
      *
      * @param cls            The class that will be subjected to the method search.
      * @param methodName     The method that we wish to call.
      * @param parameterTypes Argument class types.
      * @throws IllegalStateException if there is no unique result.
      * @throws NullPointerException  if the class is {@code null}.
      * @return The method.
      * @since 3.5
      */
     public static Method getMatchingMethod(final Class<?> cls, final String methodName, final Class<?>... parameterTypes) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(cls, "cls");
         Validate.notEmpty(methodName, "methodName");
         final List<Method> methods = Stream.of(cls.getDeclaredMethods())
                 .filter(method -> method.getName().equals(methodName))
                 .collect(Collectors.toList());
         final List<Class<?>> allSuperclassesAndInterfaces = getAllSuperclassesAndInterfaces(cls);
         Collections.reverse(allSuperclassesAndInterfaces);
         allSuperclassesAndInterfaces.stream()
                 .map(Class::getDeclaredMethods)
                 .flatMap(Stream::of)
                 .filter(method -> method.getName().equals(methodName))
                 .forEach(methods::add);
         for (final Method method : methods) {
             if (Arrays.deepEquals(method.getParameterTypes(), parameterTypes)) {
                 return method;
             }
         }
         final TreeMap<Integer, List<Method>> candidates = new TreeMap<>();
         methods.stream()
             .filter(method -> ClassUtils.isAssignable(parameterTypes, method.getParameterTypes(), true))
             .forEach(method -> {
                  final int distance = distance(parameterTypes, method.getParameterTypes());
                  final List<Method> candidatesAtDistance = candidates.computeIfAbsent(distance, k -> new ArrayList<>());
                  candidatesAtDistance.add(method);
         });
         if (candidates.isEmpty()) {
             return null;
         }
         final List<Method> bestCandidates = candidates.values().iterator().next();
         if (bestCandidates.size() == 1 || !Objects.equals(bestCandidates.get(0).getDeclaringClass(),
                 bestCandidates.get(1).getDeclaringClass())) {
             return bestCandidates.get(0);
         }
         throw new IllegalStateException(String.format("Found multiple candidates for method %s on class %s : %s",
                 methodName + Stream.of(parameterTypes).map(String::valueOf).collect(Collectors.joining(",", "(", ")")), cls.getName(),
                 bestCandidates.stream().map(Method::toString).collect(Collectors.joining(",", "[", "]"))));
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets a Method, or {@code null} if a checked {@link Class#getMethod(String, Class...) } exception is thrown.
      *
      * @param cls            Receiver for {@link Class#getMethod(String, Class...)}.
      * @param name           the name of the method.
      * @param parameterTypes the list of parameters.
      * @return a Method or {@code null}.
      * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission
      * @see Class#getMethod(String, Class...)
      * @since 3.15.0
      */
     public static Method getMethodObject(final Class<?> cls, final String name, final Class<?>... parameterTypes) {
         try {
             return name != null && cls != null ? cls.getMethod(name, parameterTypes) : null;
         } catch (final NoSuchMethodException | SecurityException e) {
             return null;
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets all class level public methods of the given class that are annotated with the given annotation.
      *
      * @param cls           the {@link Class} to query.
      * @param annotationCls the {@link Annotation} that must be present on a method to be matched.
      * @return a list of Methods (possibly empty).
      * @throws NullPointerException if the class or annotation are {@code null}.
      * @since 3.4
      */
     public static List<Method> getMethodsListWithAnnotation(final Class<?> cls, final Class<? extends Annotation> annotationCls) {
         return getMethodsListWithAnnotation(cls, annotationCls, false, false);
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets all methods of the given class that are annotated with the given annotation.
      *
      * @param cls           the {@link Class} to query.
      * @param annotationCls the {@link Annotation} that must be present on a method to be matched.
      * @param searchSupers  determines if a lookup in the entire inheritance hierarchy of the given class should be performed.
      * @param ignoreAccess  determines if non-public methods should be considered.
      * @return a list of Methods (possibly empty).
      * @throws NullPointerException if either the class or annotation class is {@code null}.
      * @since 3.6
      */
     public static List<Method> getMethodsListWithAnnotation(final Class<?> cls, final Class<? extends Annotation> annotationCls, final boolean searchSupers,
             final boolean ignoreAccess) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(cls, "cls");
         Objects.requireNonNull(annotationCls, "annotationCls");
         final List<Class<?>> classes = searchSupers ? getAllSuperclassesAndInterfaces(cls) : new ArrayList<>();
         classes.add(0, cls);
         final List<Method> annotatedMethods = new ArrayList<>();
         classes.forEach(acls -> {
             final Method[] methods = ignoreAccess ? acls.getDeclaredMethods() : acls.getMethods();
             Stream.of(methods).filter(method -> method.isAnnotationPresent(annotationCls)).forEachOrdered(annotatedMethods::add);
         });
         return annotatedMethods;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets all class level public methods of the given class that are annotated with the given annotation.
      *
      * @param cls           the {@link Class} to query.
      * @param annotationCls the {@link java.lang.annotation.Annotation} that must be present on a method to be matched.
      * @return an array of Methods (possibly empty).
      * @throws NullPointerException if the class or annotation are {@code null}
      * @since 3.4
      */
     public static Method[] getMethodsWithAnnotation(final Class<?> cls, final Class<? extends Annotation> annotationCls) {
         return getMethodsWithAnnotation(cls, annotationCls, false, false);
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets all methods of the given class that are annotated with the given annotation.
      *
      * @param cls           the {@link Class} to query.
      * @param annotationCls the {@link java.lang.annotation.Annotation} that must be present on a method to be matched.
      * @param searchSupers  determines if a lookup in the entire inheritance hierarchy of the given class should be performed.
      * @param ignoreAccess  determines if non-public methods should be considered.
      * @return an array of Methods (possibly empty).
      * @throws NullPointerException if the class or annotation are {@code null}.
      * @since 3.6
      */
     public static Method[] getMethodsWithAnnotation(final Class<?> cls, final Class<? extends Annotation> annotationCls, final boolean searchSupers,
             final boolean ignoreAccess) {
         return getMethodsListWithAnnotation(cls, annotationCls, searchSupers, ignoreAccess).toArray(ArrayUtils.EMPTY_METHOD_ARRAY);
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the hierarchy of overridden methods down to {@code result} respecting generics.
      *
      * @param method lowest to consider.
      * @param interfacesBehavior whether to search interfaces, {@code null} {@code implies} false.
      * @return a {@code Set<Method>} in ascending order from subclass to superclass.
      * @throws NullPointerException if the specified method is {@code null}.
      * @throws SecurityException if an underlying accessible object's method denies the request.
      * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission
      * @since 3.2
      */
     public static Set<Method> getOverrideHierarchy(final Method method, final Interfaces interfacesBehavior) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(method, "method");
         final Set<Method> result = new LinkedHashSet<>();
         result.add(method);
         final Class<?>[] parameterTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
         final Class<?> declaringClass = method.getDeclaringClass();
         final Iterator<Class<?>> hierarchy = ClassUtils.hierarchy(declaringClass, interfacesBehavior).iterator();
         //skip the declaring class :P
         hierarchy.next();
         hierarchyTraversal: while (hierarchy.hasNext()) {
             final Class<?> c = hierarchy.next();
             final Method m = getMatchingAccessibleMethod(c, method.getName(), parameterTypes);
             if (m == null) {
                 continue;
             }
             if (Arrays.equals(m.getParameterTypes(), parameterTypes)) {
                 // matches without generics
                 result.add(m);
                 continue;
             }
             // necessary to get arguments every time in the case that we are including interfaces
             final Map<TypeVariable<?>, Type> typeArguments = TypeUtils.getTypeArguments(declaringClass, m.getDeclaringClass());
             for (int i = 0; i < parameterTypes.length; i++) {
                 final Type childType = TypeUtils.unrollVariables(typeArguments, method.getGenericParameterTypes()[i]);
                 final Type parentType = TypeUtils.unrollVariables(typeArguments, m.getGenericParameterTypes()[i]);
                 if (!TypeUtils.equals(childType, parentType)) {
                     continue hierarchyTraversal;
                 }
             }
             result.add(m);
         }
         return result;
     }
 
     /**
      * Invokes a method whose parameter types match exactly the object type.
      *
      * <p>
      * This uses reflection to invoke the method obtained from a call to {@link #getAccessibleMethod(Class, String, Class[])}.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param object     invoke method on this object.
      * @param methodName get method with this name.
      * @return The value returned by the invoked method.
      * @throws NoSuchMethodException       Thrown if there is no such accessible method.
      * @throws IllegalAccessException      Thrown if this found {@code Method} is enforcing Java language access control and the underlying method is
      *                                     inaccessible.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException    Thrown if:
      *                                     <ul>
      *                                     <li>the found {@code Method} is an instance method and the specified {@code object} argument is not an instance of
      *                                     the class or interface declaring the underlying method (or of a subclass or interface implementor);</li>
      *                                     <li>the number of actual and formal parameters differ;</li>
      *                                     </ul>
      * @throws InvocationTargetException   Thrown if the underlying method throws an exception.
      * @throws NullPointerException        Thrown if the specified {@code object} is null.
      * @throws ExceptionInInitializerError Thrown if the initialization provoked by this method fails.
      * @since 3.4
      */
     public static Object invokeExactMethod(final Object object, final String methodName)
             throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
         return invokeExactMethod(object, methodName, ArrayUtils.EMPTY_OBJECT_ARRAY, null);
     }
 
     /**
      * Invokes a method whose parameter types match exactly the object types.
      *
      * <p>
      * This uses reflection to invoke the method obtained from a call to {@link #getAccessibleMethod(Class, String, Class[])}.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param object     invoke method on this object.
      * @param methodName get method with this name.
      * @param args       use these arguments - treat null as empty array.
      * @return The value returned by the invoked method.
      * @throws NoSuchMethodException       Thrown if there is no such accessible method.
      * @throws IllegalAccessException      Thrown if this found {@code Method} is enforcing Java language access control and the underlying method is
      *                                     inaccessible.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException    Thrown if:
      *                                     <ul>
      *                                     <li>the found {@code Method} is an instance method and the specified {@code object} argument is not an instance of
      *                                     the class or interface declaring the underlying method (or of a subclass or interface implementor);</li>
      *                                     <li>the number of actual and formal parameters differ;</li>
      *                                     <li>an unwrapping conversion for primitive arguments fails; or</li>
      *                                     <li>after possible unwrapping, a parameter value can't be converted to the corresponding formal parameter type by a
      *                                     method invocation conversion.</li>
      *                                     </ul>
      * @throws InvocationTargetException   Thrown if the underlying method throws an exception.
      * @throws NullPointerException        Thrown if the specified {@code object} is null.
      * @throws ExceptionInInitializerError Thrown if the initialization provoked by this method fails.
      */
     public static Object invokeExactMethod(final Object object, final String methodName, final Object... args)
             throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
         final Object[] actuals = ArrayUtils.nullToEmpty(args);
         return invokeExactMethod(object, methodName, actuals, ClassUtils.toClass(actuals));
     }
 
     /**
      * Invokes a method whose parameter types match exactly the parameter types given.
      *
      * <p>
      * This uses reflection to invoke the method obtained from a call to {@link #getAccessibleMethod(Class, String, Class[])}.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param object         Invokes a method on this object.
      * @param methodName     Gets a method with this name.
      * @param args           Method arguments - treat null as empty array.
      * @param parameterTypes Match these parameters - treat {@code null} as empty array.
      * @return The value returned by the invoked method.
      * @throws NoSuchMethodException       Thrown if there is no such accessible method.
      * @throws IllegalAccessException      Thrown if this found {@code Method} is enforcing Java language access control and the underlying method is
      *                                     inaccessible.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException    Thrown if:
      *                                     <ul>
      *                                     <li>the found {@code Method} is an instance method and the specified {@code object} argument is not an instance of
      *                                     the class or interface declaring the underlying method (or of a subclass or interface implementor);</li>
      *                                     <li>the number of actual and formal parameters differ;</li>
      *                                     <li>an unwrapping conversion for primitive arguments fails; or</li>
      *                                     <li>after possible unwrapping, a parameter value can't be converted to the corresponding formal parameter type by a
      *                                     method invocation conversion.</li>
      *                                     </ul>
      * @throws InvocationTargetException   Thrown if the underlying method throws an exception.
      * @throws NullPointerException        Thrown if the specified {@code object} is null.
      * @throws ExceptionInInitializerError Thrown if the initialization provoked by this method fails.
      */
     public static Object invokeExactMethod(final Object object, final String methodName, final Object[] args, final Class<?>[] parameterTypes)
             throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
         final Class<?> cls = Objects.requireNonNull(object, "object").getClass();
         final Class<?>[] paramTypes = ArrayUtils.nullToEmpty(parameterTypes);
         final Method method = getAccessibleMethod(cls, methodName, paramTypes);
         requireNonNull(method, cls, methodName, paramTypes);
         return method.invoke(object, ArrayUtils.nullToEmpty(args));
     }
 
     /**
      * Invokes a {@code static} method whose parameter types match exactly the object types.
      *
      * <p>
      * This uses reflection to invoke the method obtained from a call to {@link #getAccessibleMethod(Class, String, Class[])}.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param cls        invoke static method on this class.
      * @param methodName get method with this name.
      * @param args       use these arguments - treat {@code null} as empty array.
      * @return The value returned by the invoked method.
      * @throws NoSuchMethodException       Thrown if there is no such accessible method.
      * @throws IllegalAccessException      Thrown if this found {@code Method} is enforcing Java language access control and the underlying method is
      *                                     inaccessible.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException    Thrown if:
      *                                     <ul>
      *                                     <li>the found {@code Method} is an instance method and the specified {@code object} argument is not an instance of
      *                                     the class or interface declaring the underlying method (or of a subclass or interface implementor);</li>
      *                                     <li>the number of actual and formal parameters differ;</li>
      *                                     <li>an unwrapping conversion for primitive arguments fails; or</li>
      *                                     <li>after possible unwrapping, a parameter value can't be converted to the corresponding formal parameter type by a
      *                                     method invocation conversion.</li>
      *                                     </ul>
      * @throws InvocationTargetException   Thrown if the underlying method throws an exception.
      * @throws ExceptionInInitializerError Thrown if the initialization provoked by this method fails.
      */
     public static Object invokeExactStaticMethod(final Class<?> cls, final String methodName, final Object... args)
             throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
         final Object[] actuals = ArrayUtils.nullToEmpty(args);
         return invokeExactStaticMethod(cls, methodName, actuals, ClassUtils.toClass(actuals));
     }
 
     /**
      * Invokes a {@code static} method whose parameter types match exactly the parameter types given.
      *
      * <p>
      * This uses reflection to invoke the method obtained from a call to {@link #getAccessibleMethod(Class, String, Class[])}.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param cls            invoke static method on this class.
      * @param methodName     get method with this name.
      * @param args           use these arguments - treat {@code null} as empty array.
      * @param parameterTypes match these parameters - treat {@code null} as empty array.
      * @return The value returned by the invoked method.
      * @throws NoSuchMethodException       Thrown if there is no such accessible method.
      * @throws IllegalAccessException      Thrown if this found {@code Method} is enforcing Java language access control and the underlying method is
      *                                     inaccessible.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException    Thrown if:
      *                                     <ul>
      *                                     <li>the found {@code Method} is an instance method and the specified {@code object} argument is not an instance of
      *                                     the class or interface declaring the underlying method (or of a subclass or interface implementor);</li>
      *                                     <li>the number of actual and formal parameters differ;</li>
      *                                     <li>an unwrapping conversion for primitive arguments fails; or</li>
      *                                     <li>after possible unwrapping, a parameter value can't be converted to the corresponding formal parameter type by a
      *                                     method invocation conversion.</li>
      *                                     </ul>
      * @throws InvocationTargetException   Thrown if the underlying method throws an exception.
      * @throws ExceptionInInitializerError Thrown if the initialization provoked by this method fails.
      */
     public static Object invokeExactStaticMethod(final Class<?> cls, final String methodName, final Object[] args, final Class<?>[] parameterTypes)
             throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
         final Class<?>[] paramTypes = ArrayUtils.nullToEmpty(parameterTypes);
         final Method method = getAccessibleMethod(cls, methodName, ArrayUtils.nullToEmpty(paramTypes));
         requireNonNull(method, cls, methodName, paramTypes);
         return method.invoke(null, ArrayUtils.nullToEmpty(args));
     }
 
     /**
      * Invokes a named method without parameters.
      *
      * <p>
      * This is a convenient wrapper for
      * {@link #invokeMethod(Object object, boolean forceAccess, String methodName, Object[] args, Class[] parameterTypes)}.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param object invoke method on this object.
      * @param forceAccess force access to invoke method even if it's not accessible.
      * @param methodName get method with this name.
      * @return The value returned by the invoked method.
      * @throws NoSuchMethodException       Thrown if there is no such accessible method.
      * @throws IllegalAccessException      Thrown if this found {@code Method} is enforcing Java language access control and the underlying method is
      *                                     inaccessible.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException    Thrown if:
      *                                     <ul>
      *                                     <li>the found {@code Method} is an instance method and the specified {@code object} argument is not an instance of
      *                                     the class or interface declaring the underlying method (or of a subclass or interface implementor);</li>
      *                                     <li>the number of actual and formal parameters differ;</li>
      *                                     <li>an unwrapping conversion for primitive arguments fails; or</li>
      *                                     <li>after possible unwrapping, a parameter value can't be converted to the corresponding formal parameter type by a
      *                                     method invocation conversion.</li>
      *                                     </ul>
      * @throws InvocationTargetException   Thrown if the underlying method throws an exception.
      * @throws NullPointerException        Thrown if the specified {@code object} is null.
      * @throws ExceptionInInitializerError Thrown if the initialization provoked by this method fails.
      * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission
      * @since 3.5
      */
     public static Object invokeMethod(final Object object, final boolean forceAccess, final String methodName)
             throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
         return invokeMethod(object, forceAccess, methodName, ArrayUtils.EMPTY_OBJECT_ARRAY, null);
     }
 
     /**
      * Invokes a named method whose parameter type matches the object type.
      *
      * <p>
      * This method supports calls to methods taking primitive parameters
      * via passing in wrapping classes. So, for example, a {@link Boolean} object
      * would match a {@code boolean} primitive.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * This is a convenient wrapper for
      * {@link #invokeMethod(Object object, boolean forceAccess, String methodName, Object[] args, Class[] parameterTypes)}.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param object invoke method on this object.
      * @param forceAccess force access to invoke method even if it's not accessible.
      * @param methodName get method with this name.
      * @param args use these arguments - treat null as empty array.
      * @return The value returned by the invoked method.
      * @throws NoSuchMethodException       Thrown if there is no such accessible method.
      * @throws IllegalAccessException      Thrown if this found {@code Method} is enforcing Java language access control and the underlying method is
      *                                     inaccessible.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException    Thrown if:
      *                                     <ul>
      *                                     <li>the found {@code Method} is an instance method and the specified {@code object} argument is not an instance of
      *                                     the class or interface declaring the underlying method (or of a subclass or interface implementor);</li>
      *                                     <li>the number of actual and formal parameters differ;</li>
      *                                     <li>an unwrapping conversion for primitive arguments fails; or</li>
      *                                     <li>after possible unwrapping, a parameter value can't be converted to the corresponding formal parameter type by a
      *                                     method invocation conversion.</li>
      *                                     </ul>
      * @throws InvocationTargetException   Thrown if the underlying method throws an exception.
      * @throws NullPointerException        Thrown if the specified {@code object} is null.
      * @throws ExceptionInInitializerError Thrown if the initialization provoked by this method fails.
      * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission
      * @since 3.5
      */
     public static Object invokeMethod(final Object object, final boolean forceAccess, final String methodName, final Object... args)
             throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
         final Object[] actuals = ArrayUtils.nullToEmpty(args);
         return invokeMethod(object, forceAccess, methodName, actuals, ClassUtils.toClass(actuals));
     }
 
     /**
      * Invokes a named method whose parameter type matches the object type.
      *
      * <p>
      * This method supports calls to methods taking primitive parameters
      * via passing in wrapping classes. So, for example, a {@link Boolean} object
      * would match a {@code boolean} primitive.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param object invoke method on this object.
      * @param forceAccess force access to invoke method even if it's not accessible.
      * @param methodName get method with this name.
      * @param args use these arguments - treat null as empty array.
      * @param parameterTypes match these parameters - treat null as empty array.
      * @return The value returned by the invoked method.
      * @throws NoSuchMethodException       Thrown if there is no such accessible method.
      * @throws IllegalAccessException      Thrown if this found {@code Method} is enforcing Java language access control and the underlying method is
      *                                     inaccessible.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException    Thrown if:
      *                                     <ul>
      *                                     <li>the found {@code Method} is an instance method and the specified {@code object} argument is not an instance of
      *                                     the class or interface declaring the underlying method (or of a subclass or interface implementor);</li>
      *                                     <li>the number of actual and formal parameters differ;</li>
      *                                     <li>an unwrapping conversion for primitive arguments fails; or</li>
      *                                     <li>after possible unwrapping, a parameter value can't be converted to the corresponding formal parameter type by a
      *                                     method invocation conversion.</li>
      *                                     </ul>
      * @throws InvocationTargetException   Thrown if the underlying method throws an exception.
      * @throws NullPointerException        Thrown if the specified {@code object} is null.
      * @throws ExceptionInInitializerError Thrown if the initialization provoked by this method fails.
      * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission
      * @since 3.5
      */
     public static Object invokeMethod(final Object object, final boolean forceAccess, final String methodName, final Object[] args, final Class<?>[] parameterTypes)
             throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
         final Class<? extends Object> cls = Objects.requireNonNull(object, "object").getClass();
         final Class<?>[] paramTypes = ArrayUtils.nullToEmpty(parameterTypes);
         final Method method = getInvokeMethod(forceAccess, methodName, paramTypes, cls);
         requireNonNull(method, cls, methodName, paramTypes);
         return method.invoke(object, toVarArgs(method, ArrayUtils.nullToEmpty(args)));
     }
 
     /**
      * Invokes a named method without parameters.
      *
      * <p>
      * This method delegates the method search to {@link #getMatchingAccessibleMethod(Class, String, Class[])}.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * This is a convenient wrapper for
      * {@link #invokeMethod(Object object, String methodName, Object[] args, Class[] parameterTypes)}.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param object invoke method on this object.
      * @param methodName get method with this name.
      * @return The value returned by the invoked method.
      * @throws NoSuchMethodException if there is no such accessible method.
      * @throws InvocationTargetException wraps an exception thrown by the method invoked.
      * @throws IllegalAccessException if the requested method is not accessible via reflection.
      * @throws SecurityException if an underlying accessible object's method denies the request.
      * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission
      * @since 3.4
      */
     public static Object invokeMethod(final Object object, final String methodName) throws NoSuchMethodException,
             IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
         return invokeMethod(object, methodName, ArrayUtils.EMPTY_OBJECT_ARRAY, null);
     }
 
     /**
      * Invokes a named method whose parameter type matches the object type.
      *
      * <p>
      * This method delegates the method search to {@link #getMatchingAccessibleMethod(Class, String, Class[])}.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * This method supports calls to methods taking primitive parameters
      * via passing in wrapping classes. So, for example, a {@link Boolean} object
      * would match a {@code boolean} primitive.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * This is a convenient wrapper for
      * {@link #invokeMethod(Object object, String methodName, Object[] args, Class[] parameterTypes)}.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param object invoke method on this object.
      * @param methodName get method with this name.
      * @param args use these arguments - treat null as empty array.
      * @return The value returned by the invoked method.
      * @throws NoSuchMethodException if there is no such accessible method.
      * @throws InvocationTargetException wraps an exception thrown by the method invoked.
      * @throws IllegalAccessException if the requested method is not accessible via reflection.
      * @throws NullPointerException if the object or method name are {@code null}.
      * @throws SecurityException if an underlying accessible object's method denies the request.
      * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission
      */
     public static Object invokeMethod(final Object object, final String methodName, final Object... args)
             throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
         final Object[] actuals = ArrayUtils.nullToEmpty(args);
         return invokeMethod(object, methodName, actuals, ClassUtils.toClass(actuals));
     }
 
     /**
      * Invokes a named method whose parameter type matches the object type.
      *
      * <p>
      * This method delegates the method search to {@link #getMatchingAccessibleMethod(Class, String, Class[])}.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * This method supports calls to methods taking primitive parameters
      * via passing in wrapping classes. So, for example, a {@link Boolean} object
      * would match a {@code boolean} primitive.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param object invoke method on this object.
      * @param methodName get method with this name.
      * @param args use these arguments - treat null as empty array.
      * @param parameterTypes match these parameters - treat null as empty array.
      * @return The value returned by the invoked method.
      * @throws NoSuchMethodException       Thrown if there is no such accessible method.
      * @throws IllegalAccessException      Thrown if this found {@code Method} is enforcing Java language access control and the underlying method is
      *                                     inaccessible.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException    Thrown if:
      *                                     <ul>
      *                                     <li>the found {@code Method} is an instance method and the specified {@code object} argument is not an instance of
      *                                     the class or interface declaring the underlying method (or of a subclass or interface implementor);</li>
      *                                     <li>the number of actual and formal parameters differ;</li>
      *                                     <li>an unwrapping conversion for primitive arguments fails; or</li>
      *                                     <li>after possible unwrapping, a parameter value can't be converted to the corresponding formal parameter type by a
      *                                     method invocation conversion.</li>
      *                                     </ul>
      * @throws InvocationTargetException   Thrown if the underlying method throws an exception.
      * @throws NullPointerException        Thrown if the specified {@code object} is null.
      * @throws ExceptionInInitializerError Thrown if the initialization provoked by this method fails.
      * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission
      */
     public static Object invokeMethod(final Object object, final String methodName, final Object[] args, final Class<?>[] parameterTypes)
             throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
         return invokeMethod(object, false, methodName, args, parameterTypes);
     }
 
     /**
      * Invokes a named {@code static} method whose parameter type matches the object type.
      *
      * <p>
      * This method delegates the method search to {@link #getMatchingAccessibleMethod(Class, String, Class[])}.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * This method supports calls to methods taking primitive parameters
      * via passing in wrapping classes. So, for example, a {@link Boolean} class
      * would match a {@code boolean} primitive.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * This is a convenient wrapper for
      * {@link #invokeStaticMethod(Class, String, Object[], Class[])}.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param cls invoke static method on this class.
      * @param methodName get method with this name.
      * @param args use these arguments - treat {@code null} as empty array.
      * @return The value returned by the invoked method.
      * @throws NoSuchMethodException       Thrown if there is no such accessible method.
      * @throws IllegalAccessException      Thrown if this found {@code Method} is enforcing Java language access control and the underlying method is
      *                                     inaccessible.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException    Thrown if:
      *                                     <ul>
      *                                     <li>the found {@code Method} is an instance method and the specified {@code object} argument is not an instance of
      *                                     the class or interface declaring the underlying method (or of a subclass or interface implementor);</li>
      *                                     <li>the number of actual and formal parameters differ;</li>
      *                                     <li>an unwrapping conversion for primitive arguments fails; or</li>
      *                                     <li>after possible unwrapping, a parameter value can't be converted to the corresponding formal parameter type by a
      *                                     method invocation conversion.</li>
      *                                     </ul>
      * @throws InvocationTargetException   Thrown if the underlying method throws an exception.
      * @throws ExceptionInInitializerError Thrown if the initialization provoked by this method fails.
      * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission
      */
     public static Object invokeStaticMethod(final Class<?> cls, final String methodName, final Object... args)
             throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
         final Object[] actuals = ArrayUtils.nullToEmpty(args);
         return invokeStaticMethod(cls, methodName, actuals, ClassUtils.toClass(actuals));
     }
 
     /**
      * Invokes a named {@code static} method whose parameter type matches the object type.
      *
      * <p>
      * This method delegates the method search to {@link #getMatchingAccessibleMethod(Class, String, Class[])}.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * This method supports calls to methods taking primitive parameters
      * via passing in wrapping classes. So, for example, a {@link Boolean} class
      * would match a {@code boolean} primitive.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param cls invoke static method on this class.
      * @param methodName get method with this name.
      * @param args use these arguments - treat {@code null} as empty array.
      * @param parameterTypes match these parameters - treat {@code null} as empty array.
      * @return The value returned by the invoked method.
      * @throws NoSuchMethodException       Thrown if there is no such accessible method.
      * @throws IllegalAccessException      Thrown if this found {@code Method} is enforcing Java language access control and the underlying method is
      *                                     inaccessible.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException    Thrown if:
      *                                     <ul>
      *                                     <li>the found {@code Method} is an instance method and the specified {@code object} argument is not an instance of
      *                                     the class or interface declaring the underlying method (or of a subclass or interface implementor);</li>
      *                                     <li>the number of actual and formal parameters differ;</li>
      *                                     <li>an unwrapping conversion for primitive arguments fails; or</li>
      *                                     <li>after possible unwrapping, a parameter value can't be converted to the corresponding formal parameter type by a
      *                                     method invocation conversion.</li>
      *                                     </ul>
      * @throws InvocationTargetException   Thrown if the underlying method throws an exception.
      * @throws ExceptionInInitializerError Thrown if the initialization provoked by this method fails.
      * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission
      */
     public static Object invokeStaticMethod(final Class<?> cls, final String methodName, final Object[] args, final Class<?>[] parameterTypes)
             throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
         final Class<?>[] paramTypes = ArrayUtils.nullToEmpty(parameterTypes);
         final Method method = getMatchingAccessibleMethod(cls, methodName, paramTypes);
         requireNonNull(method, cls, methodName, paramTypes);
         return method.invoke(null, toVarArgs(method, ArrayUtils.nullToEmpty(args)));
     }
 
     private static Method requireNonNull(final Method method, final Class<?> cls, final String methodName, final Class<?>[] parameterTypes)
             throws NoSuchMethodException {
         if (method == null) {
             throw new NoSuchMethodException(String.format("No method: %s.%s(%s)", ClassUtils.getName(cls), methodName,
                     Streams.of(parameterTypes).map(ClassUtils::getName).collect(LangCollectors.joining(", "))));
         }
         return method;
     }
 
     static Object[] toVarArgs(final Executable executable, final Object[] args)
             throws IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchMethodException {
         return executable.isVarArgs() ? toVarArgs(args, executable.getParameterTypes()) : args;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets an array of arguments in the canonical form, given an arguments array passed to a varargs method, for example an array with the declared number of
      * parameters, and whose last parameter is an array of the varargs type.
      * <p>
      * We follow the <a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jls/se21/html/jls-5.html#jls-5.1.2">JLS 5.1.2. Widening Primitive Conversion</a> rules.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param args                 the array of arguments passed to the varags method.
      * @param methodParameterTypes the declared array of method parameter types.
      * @return an array of the variadic arguments passed to the method.
      * @throws NoSuchMethodException       Thrown if the constructor could not be found.
      * @throws IllegalAccessException      Thrown if this {@code Constructor} object is enforcing Java language access control and the underlying constructor is
      *                                     inaccessible.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException    Thrown if the number of actual and formal parameters differ; if an unwrapping conversion for primitive arguments
      *                                     fails; or if, after possible unwrapping, a parameter value cannot be converted to the corresponding formal parameter
      *                                     type by a method invocation conversion; if this constructor pertains to an enum type.
      * @throws InstantiationException      Thrown if a class that declares the underlying constructor represents an abstract class.
      * @throws InvocationTargetException   Thrown if an underlying constructor throws an exception.
      * @throws ExceptionInInitializerError Thrown if an initialization provoked by this method fails.
      * @see <a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jls/se21/html/jls-5.html#jls-5.1.2">JLS 5.1.2. Widening Primitive Conversion</a>
      */
     private static Object[] toVarArgs(final Object[] args, final Class<?>[] methodParameterTypes)
             throws IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchMethodException {
         final int mptLength = methodParameterTypes.length;
         if (args.length == mptLength) {
             final Object lastArg = args[args.length - 1];
             if (lastArg == null || lastArg.getClass().equals(methodParameterTypes[mptLength - 1])) {
                 // The args array is already in the canonical form for the method.
                 return args;
             }
         }
         // Construct a new array matching the method's declared parameter types.
         // Copy the normal (non-varargs) parameters
         final Object[] newArgs = ArrayUtils.arraycopy(args, 0, 0, mptLength - 1, () -> new Object[mptLength]);
         // Construct a new array for the variadic parameters
         final Class<?> varArgComponentType = methodParameterTypes[mptLength - 1].getComponentType();
         final Class<?> varArgComponentWrappedType = ClassUtils.primitiveToWrapper(varArgComponentType);
         final int varArgLength = args.length - mptLength + 1;
         // Copy the variadic arguments into the varargs array, converting types if needed.
         Object varArgsArray = Array.newInstance(varArgComponentWrappedType, varArgLength);
         final boolean primitiveOrWrapper = ClassUtils.isPrimitiveOrWrapper(varArgComponentWrappedType);
         for (int i = 0; i < varArgLength; i++) {
             final Object arg = args[mptLength - 1 + i];
             try {
                 Array.set(varArgsArray, i, primitiveOrWrapper
                         ? varArgComponentWrappedType.getConstructor(ClassUtils.wrapperToPrimitive(varArgComponentWrappedType)).newInstance(arg)
                         : varArgComponentWrappedType.cast(arg));
             } catch (final InstantiationException e) {
                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot convert vararg #" + i, e);
             }
         }
         if (varArgComponentType.isPrimitive()) {
             // unbox from wrapper type to primitive type
             varArgsArray = ArrayUtils.toPrimitive(varArgsArray);
         }
         // Store the varargs array in the last position of the array to return
         newArgs[mptLength - 1] = varArgsArray;
         // Return the canonical varargs array.
         return newArgs;
     }
 
     /**
      * {@link MethodUtils} instances should NOT be constructed in standard programming. Instead, the class should be used as
      * {@code MethodUtils.getAccessibleMethod(method)}.
      *
      * <p>
      * This constructor is {@code public} to permit tools that require a JavaBean instance to operate.
      * </p>
      *
      * @deprecated TODO Make private in 4.0.
      */
     @Deprecated
     public MethodUtils() {
         // empty
     }
 }