/*
    * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
    * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
    * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
    * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
    * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
    * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
    *
    *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
   *
   * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
   * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
   * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
   * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
   * limitations under the License.
   */
  
  package org.apache.commons.net.util;
  
  import java.math.BigInteger;
  import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
  import java.util.Base64.Decoder;
  import java.util.Base64.Encoder;
  import java.util.Objects;
  
  /**
   * Provides Base64 encoding and decoding as defined by RFC 2045.
   *
   * <p>
   * This class implements section <cite>6.8. Base64 Content-Transfer-Encoding</cite> from RFC 2045 <cite>Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part One:
   * Format of Internet Message Bodies</cite> by Freed and Borenstein.
   * </p>
   * <p>
   * The class can be parameterized in the following manner with various constructors:
   * <ul>
   * <li>URL-safe mode: Default off.</li>
   * <li>Line length: Default 76. Line length that aren't multiples of 4 will still essentially end up being multiples of 4 in the encoded data.
   * <li>Line separator: Default is CRLF ("\r\n")</li>
   * </ul>
   * <p>
   * Since this class operates directly on byte streams, and not character streams, it is hard-coded to only encode/decode character encodings which are
   * compatible with the lower 127 ASCII chart (ISO-8859-1, Windows-1252, UTF-8, etc).
   * </p>
   *
   * @deprecated Use {@link java.util.Base64}.
   * @see <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2045.txt">RFC 2045</a>
   * @since 2.2
   */
  @Deprecated
  public class Base64 {
  
      /**
       * Chunk size per RFC 2045 section 6.8.
       *
       * <p>
       * The {@value} character limit does not count the trailing CRLF, but counts all other characters, including any equal signs.
       * </p>
       *
       * @see <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2045.txt">RFC 2045 section 6.8</a>
       */
      static final int CHUNK_SIZE = 76;
  
      /**
       * Chunk separator per RFC 2045 section 2.1.
       *
       * @see <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2045.txt">RFC 2045 section 2.1</a>
       */
      static final byte[] CHUNK_SEPARATOR = { '\r', '\n' };
  
      /**
       * Byte used to pad output.
       */
      private static final byte PAD = '=';
  
      /**
       * This array is a lookup table that translates Unicode characters drawn from the "Base64 Alphabet" (as specified in Table 1 of RFC 2045) into their 6-bit
       * positive integer equivalents. Characters that are not in the Base64 alphabet but fall within the bounds of the array are translated to -1.
       *
       * Note: '+' and '-' both decode to 62. '/' and '_' both decode to 63. This means decoder seamlessly handles both URL_SAFE and STANDARD base64. (The
       * encoder, on the other hand, needs to know ahead of time what to emit).
       *
       * Thanks to "commons" project in ws.apache.org for <a href="https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/webservices/commons/trunk/modules/util/">this code</a>
       */
      private static final byte[] DECODE_TABLE = { -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
              -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 62, -1, 62, -1, 63, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
              0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, -1, -1, -1, -1, 63, -1, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32,
              33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51 };
  
      // The static final fields above are used for the original static byte[] methods on Base64.
      // The private member fields below are used with the new streaming approach, which requires
      // some state be preserved between calls of encode() and decode().
  
      /**
       * Tests a given byte array to see if it contains any valid character within the Base64 alphabet.
       *
       * @param arrayOctet byte array to test
       * @return {@code true} if any byte is a valid character in the Base64 alphabet; {@code false} otherwise
       */
      private static boolean containsBase64Byte(final byte[] arrayOctet) {
         for (final byte element : arrayOctet) {
             if (isBase64(element)) {
                 return true;
             }
         }
         return false;
     }
 
     /**
      * Decodes Base64 data into octets.
      *
      * @param base64 Byte array containing Base64 data
      * @return Array containing decoded data.
      */
     public static byte[] decodeBase64(final byte[] base64) {
         return isEmpty(base64) ? base64 : getDecoder().decode(base64);
     }
 
     /**
      * Decodes a Base64 String into octets.
      *
      * @param base64 String containing Base64 data
      * @return Array containing decoded data.
      * @since 1.4
      */
     public static byte[] decodeBase64(final String base64) {
         return getDecoder().decode(base64);
     }
 
     /**
      * Decodes a byte64-encoded integer according to crypto standards such as W3C's XML-Signature
      *
      * @param source a byte array containing base64 character data
      * @return A BigInteger
      * @since 1.4
      */
     public static BigInteger decodeInteger(final byte[] source) {
         return new BigInteger(1, decodeBase64(source));
     }
 
     private static byte[] encode(final byte[] binaryData, final int lineLength, final byte[] lineSeparator, final boolean urlSafe) {
         if (isEmpty(binaryData)) {
             return binaryData;
         }
         return lineLength > 0 ? encodeBase64Chunked(binaryData, lineLength, lineSeparator)
                 : urlSafe ? encodeBase64URLSafe(binaryData) : encodeBase64(binaryData);
     }
 
     /**
      * Encodes binary data using the base64 algorithm but does not chunk the output.
      *
      * @param source binary data to encode
      * @return byte[] containing Base64 characters in their UTF-8 representation.
      */
     public static byte[] encodeBase64(final byte[] source) {
         return isEmpty(source) ? source : getEncoder().encode(source);
     }
 
     /**
      * Encodes binary data using the base64 algorithm, optionally chunking the output into 76 character blocks.
      *
      * @param binaryData Array containing binary data to encode.
      * @param chunked  if {@code true} this encoder will chunk the base64 output into 76 character blocks
      * @return Base64-encoded data.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException Thrown when the input array needs an output array bigger than {@link Integer#MAX_VALUE}
      */
     public static byte[] encodeBase64(final byte[] binaryData, final boolean chunked) {
         return chunked ? encodeBase64Chunked(binaryData) : encodeBase64(binaryData, false, false);
     }
 
     /**
      * Encodes binary data using the base64 algorithm, optionally chunking the output into 76 character blocks.
      *
      * @param binaryData Array containing binary data to encode.
      * @param chunked  if {@code true} this encoder will chunk the base64 output into 76 character blocks
      * @param urlSafe    if {@code true} this encoder will emit - and _ instead of the usual + and / characters.
      * @return Base64-encoded data.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException Thrown when the input array needs an output array bigger than {@link Integer#MAX_VALUE}
      * @since 1.4
      */
     public static byte[] encodeBase64(final byte[] binaryData, final boolean chunked, final boolean urlSafe) {
         return encodeBase64(binaryData, chunked, urlSafe, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
     }
 
     /**
      * Encodes binary data using the base64 algorithm, optionally chunking the output into 76 character blocks.
      *
      * @param binaryData    Array containing binary data to encode.
      * @param chunked     if {@code true} this encoder will chunk the base64 output into 76 character blocks
      * @param urlSafe       if {@code true} this encoder will emit - and _ instead of the usual + and / characters.
      * @param maxResultSize The maximum result size to accept.
      * @return Base64-encoded data.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException Thrown when the input array needs an output array bigger than maxResultSize
      * @since 1.4
      */
     public static byte[] encodeBase64(final byte[] binaryData, final boolean chunked, final boolean urlSafe, final int maxResultSize) {
         if (isEmpty(binaryData)) {
             return binaryData;
         }
         final long len = getEncodeLength(binaryData, chunked ? CHUNK_SIZE : 0, chunked ? CHUNK_SEPARATOR : NetConstants.EMPTY_BTYE_ARRAY);
         if (len > maxResultSize) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                     "Input array too big, the output array would be bigger (" + len + ") than the specified maxium size of " + maxResultSize);
         }
         return chunked ? encodeBase64Chunked(binaryData) : urlSafe ? encodeBase64URLSafe(binaryData) : encodeBase64(binaryData);
     }
 
     /**
      * Encodes binary data using the base64 algorithm and chunks the encoded output into 76 character blocks separated by CR-LF.
      * <p>
      * The return value ends in a CR-LF.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param binaryData binary data to encode
      * @return Base64 characters chunked in 76 character blocks
      * @throws ArithmeticException if the {@code binaryData} would overflows a byte[].
      */
     public static byte[] encodeBase64Chunked(final byte[] binaryData) {
         return encodeBase64Chunked(binaryData, CHUNK_SIZE, CHUNK_SEPARATOR);
     }
 
     private static byte[] encodeBase64Chunked(final byte[] binaryData, final int lineLength, final byte[] lineSeparator) {
         final long encodeLength = getEncodeLength(binaryData, lineLength, lineSeparator);
         final byte[] dst = new byte[Math.toIntExact(encodeLength)];
         getMimeEncoder(lineLength, lineSeparator).encode(binaryData, dst);
         // Copy chunk separator at the end
         System.arraycopy(lineSeparator, 0, dst, dst.length - lineSeparator.length, lineSeparator.length);
         return dst;
     }
 
     /**
      * Encodes binary data using the base64 algorithm into 76 character blocks separated by CR-LF.
      * <p>
      * The return value ends in a CR-LF.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * For a non-chunking version, see {@link #encodeBase64StringUnChunked(byte[])}.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param binaryData binary data to encode
      * @return String containing Base64 characters.
      * @since 1.4
      */
     public static String encodeBase64String(final byte[] binaryData) {
         return getMimeEncoder().encodeToString(binaryData) + "\r\n";
     }
 
     /**
      * Encodes binary data using the base64 algorithm.
      *
      * @param binaryData  binary data to encode
      * @param chunked whether to split the output into chunks
      * @return String containing Base64 characters.
      * @since 3.2
      */
     public static String encodeBase64String(final byte[] binaryData, final boolean chunked) {
         return newStringUtf8(encodeBase64(binaryData, chunked));
     }
 
     /**
      * Encodes binary data using the base64 algorithm, without using chunking.
      * <p>
      * For a chunking version, see {@link #encodeBase64String(byte[])}.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param binaryData binary data to encode
      * @return String containing Base64 characters.
      * @since 3.2
      */
     public static String encodeBase64StringUnChunked(final byte[] binaryData) {
         return getEncoder().encodeToString(binaryData);
     }
 
     /**
      * Encodes binary data using a URL-safe variation of the base64 algorithm but does not chunk the output. The url-safe variation emits - and _ instead of +
      * and / characters.
      *
      * @param binaryData binary data to encode
      * @return byte[] containing Base64 characters in their UTF-8 representation.
      * @since 1.4
      */
     public static byte[] encodeBase64URLSafe(final byte[] binaryData) {
         return getUrlEncoder().withoutPadding().encode(binaryData);
     }
 
     /**
      * Encodes binary data using a URL-safe variation of the base64 algorithm but does not chunk the output. The url-safe variation emits - and _ instead of +
      * and / characters.
      *
      * @param binaryData binary data to encode
      * @return String containing Base64 characters
      * @since 1.4
      */
     public static String encodeBase64URLSafeString(final byte[] binaryData) {
         return getUrlEncoder().withoutPadding().encodeToString(binaryData);
     }
 
     /**
      * Encodes to a byte64-encoded integer according to crypto standards such as W3C's XML-Signature
      *
      * @param bigInt a BigInteger
      * @return A byte array containing base64 character data
      * @throws NullPointerException if null is passed in
      * @since 1.4
      */
     public static byte[] encodeInteger(final BigInteger bigInt) {
         return encodeBase64(toIntegerBytes(bigInt), false);
     }
 
     private static Decoder getDecoder() {
         return java.util.Base64.getDecoder();
     }
 
     /**
      * Pre-calculates the amount of space needed to base64-encode the supplied array.
      *
      * @param array          byte[] array which will later be encoded
      * @param lineSize      line-length of the output (<= 0 means no chunking) between each chunkSeparator (e.g. CRLF).
      * @param linkSeparator the sequence of bytes used to separate chunks of output (e.g. CRLF).
      * @return amount of space needed to encode the supplied array. Returns a long since a max-len array will require Integer.MAX_VALUE + 33%.
      */
     static long getEncodeLength(final byte[] array, int lineSize, final byte[] linkSeparator) {
         // base64 always encodes to multiples of 4.
         lineSize = lineSize / 4 * 4;
         long len = array.length * 4 / 3;
         final long mod = len % 4;
         if (mod != 0) {
             len += 4 - mod;
         }
         if (lineSize > 0) {
             final boolean lenChunksPerfectly = len % lineSize == 0;
             len += len / lineSize * linkSeparator.length;
             if (!lenChunksPerfectly) {
                 len += linkSeparator.length;
             }
         }
         return len;
     }
 
     private static Encoder getEncoder() {
         return java.util.Base64.getEncoder();
     }
 
     private static Encoder getMimeEncoder() {
         return java.util.Base64.getMimeEncoder();
     }
 
     private static Encoder getMimeEncoder(final int lineLength, final byte[] lineSeparator) {
         return java.util.Base64.getMimeEncoder(lineLength, lineSeparator);
     }
 
     private static Encoder getUrlEncoder() {
         return java.util.Base64.getUrlEncoder();
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests a given byte array to see if it contains only valid characters within the Base64 alphabet. Currently, the method treats whitespace as valid.
      *
      * @param arrayOctet byte array to test
      * @return {@code true} if all bytes are valid characters in the Base64 alphabet or if the byte array is empty; false, otherwise
      */
     public static boolean isArrayByteBase64(final byte[] arrayOctet) {
         for (final byte element : arrayOctet) {
             if (!isBase64(element) && !isWhiteSpace(element)) {
                 return false;
             }
         }
         return true;
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether or not the {@code octet} is in the base 64 alphabet.
      *
      * @param octet The value to test
      * @return {@code true} if the value is defined in the base 64 alphabet, {@code false} otherwise.
      * @since 1.4
      */
     public static boolean isBase64(final byte octet) {
         return octet == PAD || octet >= 0 && octet < DECODE_TABLE.length && DECODE_TABLE[octet] != -1;
     }
 
     private static boolean isEmpty(final byte[] array) {
         return array == null || array.length == 0;
     }
 
     /**
      * Checks if a byte value is whitespace or not.
      *
      * @param byteToCheck the byte to check
      * @return true if byte is whitespace, false otherwise
      */
     private static boolean isWhiteSpace(final byte byteToCheck) {
         switch (byteToCheck) {
         case ' ':
         case '\n':
         case '\r':
         case '\t':
             return true;
         default:
             return false;
         }
     }
 
     private static String newStringUtf8(final byte[] encode) {
         return new String(encode, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns a byte-array representation of a {@code BigInteger} without sign bit.
      *
      * @param bigInt {@code BigInteger} to be converted
      * @return a byte array representation of the BigInteger parameter
      */
     private static byte[] toIntegerBytes(final BigInteger bigInt) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(bigInt, "bigInt");
         int bitlen = bigInt.bitLength();
         // round bitlen
         bitlen = bitlen + 7 >> 3 << 3;
         final byte[] bigBytes = bigInt.toByteArray();
         if (bigInt.bitLength() % 8 != 0 && bigInt.bitLength() / 8 + 1 == bitlen / 8) {
             return bigBytes;
         }
         // set up params for copying everything but sign bit
         int startSrc = 0;
         int len = bigBytes.length;
 
         // if bigInt is exactly byte-aligned, just skip signbit in copy
         if (bigInt.bitLength() % 8 == 0) {
             startSrc = 1;
             len--;
         }
         final int startDst = bitlen / 8 - len; // to pad w/ nulls as per spec
         final byte[] resizedBytes = new byte[bitlen / 8];
         System.arraycopy(bigBytes, startSrc, resizedBytes, startDst, len);
         return resizedBytes;
     }
 
     /**
      * Line length for encoding. Not used when decoding. A value of zero or less implies no chunking of the base64 encoded data.
      */
     private final int lineLength;
 
     /**
      * Line separator for encoding. Not used when decoding. Only used if lineLength > 0.
      */
     private final byte[] lineSeparator;
 
     /**
      * Whether encoding is URL and filename safe, or not.
      */
     private final boolean urlSafe;
 
     /**
      * Creates a Base64 codec used for decoding (all modes) and encoding in URL-unsafe mode.
      * <p>
      * When encoding the line length is 76, the line separator is CRLF, and the encoding table is STANDARD_ENCODE_TABLE.
      * </p>
      *
      * <p>
      * When decoding all variants are supported.
      * </p>
      */
     public Base64() {
         this(false);
     }
 
     /**
      * Creates a Base64 codec used for decoding (all modes) and encoding in the given URL-safe mode.
      * <p>
      * When encoding the line length is 76, the line separator is CRLF, and the encoding table is STANDARD_ENCODE_TABLE.
      * </p>
      *
      * <p>
      * When decoding all variants are supported.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param urlSafe if {@code true}, URL-safe encoding is used. In most cases this should be set to {@code false}.
      * @since 1.4
      */
     public Base64(final boolean urlSafe) {
         this(CHUNK_SIZE, CHUNK_SEPARATOR, urlSafe);
     }
 
     /**
      * Creates a Base64 codec used for decoding (all modes) and encoding in URL-unsafe mode.
      * <p>
      * When encoding the line length is given in the constructor, the line separator is CRLF, and the encoding table is STANDARD_ENCODE_TABLE.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * Line lengths that aren't multiples of 4 will still essentially end up being multiples of 4 in the encoded data.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * When decoding all variants are supported.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param lineLength Each line of encoded data will be at most of the given length (rounded down to the nearest multiple of 4).
      *                   If {@code lineLength <= 0}, then the output will not be divided into lines (chunks). Ignored when decoding.
      * @since 1.4
      */
     public Base64(final int lineLength) {
         this(lineLength, CHUNK_SEPARATOR);
     }
 
     /**
      * Creates a Base64 codec used for decoding (all modes) and encoding in URL-unsafe mode.
      * <p>
      * When encoding the line length and line separator are given in the constructor, and the encoding table is STANDARD_ENCODE_TABLE.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * Line lengths that aren't multiples of 4 will still essentially end up being multiples of 4 in the encoded data.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * When decoding all variants are supported.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param lineLength    Each line of encoded data will be at most of the given length (rounded down to the nearest multiple of 4).
      *                      If {@code lineLength <= 0}, then the output will not be divided into lines (chunks). Ignored when decoding.
      * @param lineSeparator Each line of encoded data will end with this sequence of bytes. Not used for decoding.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException Thrown when the provided lineSeparator included some base64 characters.
      * @since 1.4
      */
     public Base64(final int lineLength, final byte[] lineSeparator) {
         this(lineLength, lineSeparator, false);
     }
 
     /**
      * Creates a Base64 codec used for decoding (all modes) and encoding in URL-unsafe mode.
      * <p>
      * When encoding the line length and line separator are given in the constructor, and the encoding table is STANDARD_ENCODE_TABLE.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * Line lengths that aren't multiples of 4 will still essentially end up being multiples of 4 in the encoded data.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * When decoding all variants are supported.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param lineLength    Each line of encoded data will be at most of the given length (rounded down to the nearest multiple of 4).
      *                      If {@code lineLength <= 0}, then the output will not be divided into lines (chunks). Ignored when decoding.
      * @param lineSeparator Each line of encoded data will end with this sequence of bytes. Not used for decoding.
      * @param urlSafe       Instead of emitting '+' and '/' we emit '-' and '_' respectively. urlSafe is only applied to encode operations. Decoding seamlessly
      *                      handles both modes.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException The provided lineSeparator included some base64 characters. That's not going to work!
      * @since 1.4
      */
     public Base64(int lineLength, byte[] lineSeparator, final boolean urlSafe) {
         if (lineSeparator == null || urlSafe) {
             lineLength = 0; // disable chunk-separating
             lineSeparator = NetConstants.EMPTY_BTYE_ARRAY; // this just gets ignored
         }
         this.lineLength = lineLength > 0 ? lineLength / 4 * 4 : 0;
         this.lineSeparator = new byte[lineSeparator.length];
         System.arraycopy(lineSeparator, 0, this.lineSeparator, 0, lineSeparator.length);
         if (containsBase64Byte(lineSeparator)) {
             final String sep = newStringUtf8(lineSeparator);
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("lineSeperator must not contain base64 characters: [" + sep + "]");
         }
         this.urlSafe = urlSafe;
     }
 
     /**
      * Decodes a byte array containing characters in the Base64 alphabet.
      *
      * @param source A byte array containing Base64 character data
      * @return a byte array containing binary data; will return {@code null} if provided byte array is {@code null}.
      */
     public byte[] decode(final byte[] source) {
         return isEmpty(source) ? source : getDecoder().decode(source);
     }
 
     /**
      * Decodes a String containing characters in the Base64 alphabet.
      *
      * @param source A String containing Base64 character data, must not be {@code null}
      * @return a byte array containing binary data
      * @since 1.4
      */
     public byte[] decode(final String source) {
         return getDecoder().decode(source);
     }
 
     /**
      * Encodes a byte[] containing binary data, into a byte[] containing characters in the Base64 alphabet.
      *
      * @param source a byte array containing binary data
      * @return A byte array containing only Base64 character data
      */
     public byte[] encode(final byte[] source) {
         return encode(source, lineLength, lineSeparator, isUrlSafe());
     }
 
     /**
      * Encodes a byte[] containing binary data, into a String containing characters in the Base64 alphabet.
      *
      * @param source a byte array containing binary data
      * @return A String containing only Base64 character data
      * @since 1.4
      */
     public String encodeToString(final byte[] source) {
         return newStringUtf8(encode(source));
     }
 
     @Override
     public final void finalize() throws Throwable {
         // CT: Be wary of letting constructors throw exceptions. (CT_CONSTRUCTOR_THROW)
         super.finalize();
     }
 
     int getLineLength() {
         return lineLength;
     }
 
     byte[] getLineSeparator() {
         return lineSeparator.clone();
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether our current encoding mode. True if we're URL-SAFE, false otherwise.
      *
      * @return true if we're in URL-SAFE mode, false otherwise.
      * @since 1.4
      */
     public boolean isUrlSafe() {
         return urlSafe;
     }
 }