1 /*
2 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
3 * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
4 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
5 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
6 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
7 * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
8 *
9 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
10 *
11 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
12 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
13 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
14 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
15 * limitations under the License.
16 */
17 package org.apache.commons.statistics.descriptive;
18
19 import java.math.BigInteger;
20 import java.util.Objects;
21 import java.util.Set;
22 import java.util.function.DoubleConsumer;
23 import java.util.function.Function;
24 import java.util.function.LongConsumer;
25
26 /**
27 * Statistics for {@code long} values.
28 *
29 * <p>This class provides combinations of individual statistic implementations in the
30 * {@code org.apache.commons.statistics.descriptive} package.
31 *
32 * <p>Supports up to 2<sup>63</sup> (exclusive) observations.
33 * This implementation does not check for overflow of the count.
34 *
35 * @since 1.1
36 */
37 public final class LongStatistics implements LongConsumer {
38 /** Error message for non configured statistics. */
39 private static final String NO_CONFIGURED_STATISTICS = "No configured statistics";
40 /** Error message for an unsupported statistic. */
41 private static final String UNSUPPORTED_STATISTIC = "Unsupported statistic: ";
42
43 /** Count of values recorded. */
44 private long count;
45 /** The consumer of values. */
46 private final LongConsumer consumer;
47 /** The {@link LongMin} implementation. */
48 private final LongMin min;
49 /** The {@link LongMax} implementation. */
50 private final LongMax max;
51 /** The moment implementation. May be any instance of {@link FirstMoment}.
52 * This implementation uses only the third and fourth moments. */
53 private final FirstMoment moment;
54 /** The {@link LongSum} implementation. */
55 private final LongSum sum;
56 /** The {@link Product} implementation. */
57 private final Product product;
58 /** The {@link LongSumOfSquares} implementation. */
59 private final LongSumOfSquares sumOfSquares;
60 /** The {@link SumOfLogs} implementation. */
61 private final SumOfLogs sumOfLogs;
62 /** Configuration options for computation of statistics. */
63 private StatisticsConfiguration config;
64
65 /**
66 * A builder for {@link LongStatistics}.
67 */
68 public static final class Builder {
69 /** An empty double array. */
70 private static final long[] NO_VALUES = {};
71
72 /** The {@link LongMin} constructor. */
73 private Function<long[], LongMin> min;
74 /** The {@link LongMax} constructor. */
75 private Function<long[], LongMax> max;
76 /** The moment constructor. May return any instance of {@link FirstMoment}. */
77 private Function<long[], FirstMoment> moment;
78 /** The {@link LongSum} constructor. */
79 private Function<long[], LongSum> sum;
80 /** The {@link Product} constructor. */
81 private Function<long[], Product> product;
82 /** The {@link LongSumOfSquares} constructor. */
83 private Function<long[], LongSumOfSquares> sumOfSquares;
84 /** The {@link SumOfLogs} constructor. */
85 private Function<long[], SumOfLogs> sumOfLogs;
86 /** The order of the moment. It corresponds to the power computed by the {@link FirstMoment}
87 * instance constructed by {@link #moment}. This should only be increased from the default
88 * of zero (corresponding to no moment computation). */
89 private int momentOrder;
90 /** Configuration options for computation of statistics. */
91 private StatisticsConfiguration config = StatisticsConfiguration.withDefaults();
92
93 /**
94 * Create an instance.
95 */
96 Builder() {
97 // Do nothing
98 }
99
100 /**
101 * Add the statistic to the statistics to compute.
102 *
103 * @param statistic Statistic to compute.
104 * @return {@code this} instance
105 */
106 Builder add(Statistic statistic) {
107 switch (statistic) {
108 case GEOMETRIC_MEAN:
109 case SUM_OF_LOGS:
110 sumOfLogs = SumOfLogs::of;
111 break;
112 case KURTOSIS:
113 createMoment(4);
114 break;
115 case MAX:
116 max = LongMax::of;
117 break;
118 case MIN:
119 min = LongMin::of;
120 break;
121 case PRODUCT:
122 product = Product::of;
123 break;
124 case SKEWNESS:
125 createMoment(3);
126 break;
127 case STANDARD_DEVIATION:
128 case VARIANCE:
129 sum = LongSum::of;
130 sumOfSquares = LongSumOfSquares::of;
131 break;
132 case MEAN:
133 case SUM:
134 sum = LongSum::of;
135 break;
136 case SUM_OF_SQUARES:
137 sumOfSquares = LongSumOfSquares::of;
138 break;
139 default:
140 throw new IllegalArgumentException(UNSUPPORTED_STATISTIC + statistic);
141 }
142 return this;
143 }
144
145 /**
146 * Creates the moment constructor for the specified {@code order},
147 * e.g. order=3 is sum of cubed deviations.
148 *
149 * @param order Order.
150 */
151 private void createMoment(int order) {
152 if (order > momentOrder) {
153 momentOrder = order;
154 if (order == 4) {
155 moment = SumOfFourthDeviations::of;
156 } else {
157 // Assume order == 3
158 moment = SumOfCubedDeviations::of;
159 }
160 }
161 }
162
163 /**
164 * Sets the statistics configuration options for computation of statistics.
165 *
166 * @param v Value.
167 * @return the builder
168 * @throws NullPointerException if the value is null
169 */
170 public Builder setConfiguration(StatisticsConfiguration v) {
171 config = Objects.requireNonNull(v);
172 return this;
173 }
174
175 /**
176 * Builds a {@code LongStatistics} instance.
177 *
178 * @return {@code LongStatistics} instance.
179 */
180 public LongStatistics build() {
181 return build(NO_VALUES);
182 }
183
184 /**
185 * Builds a {@code LongStatistics} instance using the input {@code values}.
186 *
187 * <p>Note: {@code LongStatistics} computed using
188 * {@link LongStatistics#accept(long) accept} may be
189 * different from this instance.
190 *
191 * @param values Values.
192 * @return {@code LongStatistics} instance.
193 */
194 public LongStatistics build(long... values) {
195 Objects.requireNonNull(values, "values");
196 return new LongStatistics(
197 values.length,
198 create(min, values),
199 create(max, values),
200 create(moment, values),
201 create(sum, values),
202 create(product, values),
203 create(sumOfSquares, values),
204 create(sumOfLogs, values),
205 config);
206 }
207
208 /**
209 * Creates the object from the {@code values}.
210 *
211 * @param <T> object type
212 * @param constructor Constructor.
213 * @param values Values
214 * @return the instance
215 */
216 private static <T> T create(Function<long[], T> constructor, long[] values) {
217 if (constructor != null) {
218 return constructor.apply(values);
219 }
220 return null;
221 }
222 }
223
224 /**
225 * Create an instance.
226 *
227 * @param count Count of values.
228 * @param min LongMin implementation.
229 * @param max LongMax implementation.
230 * @param moment Moment implementation.
231 * @param sum LongSum implementation.
232 * @param product Product implementation.
233 * @param sumOfSquares Sum of squares implementation.
234 * @param sumOfLogs Sum of logs implementation.
235 * @param config Statistics configuration.
236 */
237 LongStatistics(long count, LongMin min, LongMax max, FirstMoment moment, LongSum sum,
238 Product product, LongSumOfSquares sumOfSquares, SumOfLogs sumOfLogs,
239 StatisticsConfiguration config) {
240 this.count = count;
241 this.min = min;
242 this.max = max;
243 this.moment = moment;
244 this.sum = sum;
245 this.product = product;
246 this.sumOfSquares = sumOfSquares;
247 this.sumOfLogs = sumOfLogs;
248 this.config = config;
249 // The final consumer should never be null as the builder is created
250 // with at least one statistic.
251 consumer = Statistics.compose(min, max, sum, sumOfSquares,
252 composeAsLong(moment, product, sumOfLogs));
253 }
254
255 /**
256 * Chain the {@code consumers} into a single composite {@code LongConsumer}.
257 * Ignore any {@code null} consumer.
258 *
259 * @param consumers Consumers.
260 * @return a composed consumer (or null)
261 */
262 private static LongConsumer composeAsLong(DoubleConsumer... consumers) {
263 final DoubleConsumer c = Statistics.compose(consumers);
264 if (c != null) {
265 return c::accept;
266 }
267 return null;
268 }
269
270 /**
271 * Returns a new instance configured to compute the specified {@code statistics}.
272 *
273 * <p>The statistics will be empty and so will return the default values for each
274 * computed statistic.
275 *
276 * @param statistics Statistics to compute.
277 * @return the instance
278 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if there are no {@code statistics} to compute.
279 */
280 public static LongStatistics of(Statistic... statistics) {
281 return builder(statistics).build();
282 }
283
284 /**
285 * Returns a new instance configured to compute the specified {@code statistics}
286 * populated using the input {@code values}.
287 *
288 * <p>Use this method to create an instance populated with a (variable) array of
289 * {@code long[]} data:
290 *
291 * <pre>
292 * LongStatistics stats = LongStatistics.of(
293 * EnumSet.of(Statistic.MIN, Statistic.MAX),
294 * 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13);
295 * </pre>
296 *
297 * @param statistics Statistics to compute.
298 * @param values Values.
299 * @return the instance
300 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if there are no {@code statistics} to compute.
301 */
302 public static LongStatistics of(Set<Statistic> statistics, long... values) {
303 if (statistics.isEmpty()) {
304 throw new IllegalArgumentException(NO_CONFIGURED_STATISTICS);
305 }
306 final Builder b = new Builder();
307 statistics.forEach(b::add);
308 return b.build(values);
309 }
310
311 /**
312 * Returns a new builder configured to create instances to compute the specified
313 * {@code statistics}.
314 *
315 * <p>Use this method to create an instance populated with an array of {@code long[]}
316 * data using the {@link Builder#build(long...)} method:
317 *
318 * <pre>
319 * long[] data = ...
320 * LongStatistics stats = LongStatistics.builder(
321 * Statistic.MIN, Statistic.MAX, Statistic.VARIANCE)
322 * .build(data);
323 * </pre>
324 *
325 * <p>The builder can be used to create multiple instances of {@link LongStatistics}
326 * to be used in parallel, or on separate arrays of {@code long[]} data. These may
327 * be {@link #combine(LongStatistics) combined}. For example:
328 *
329 * <pre>
330 * long[][] data = ...
331 * LongStatistics.Builder builder = LongStatistics.builder(
332 * Statistic.MIN, Statistic.MAX, Statistic.VARIANCE);
333 * LongStatistics stats = Arrays.stream(data)
334 * .parallel()
335 * .map(builder::build)
336 * .reduce(LongStatistics::combine)
337 * .get();
338 * </pre>
339 *
340 * <p>The builder can be used to create a {@link java.util.stream.Collector} for repeat
341 * use on multiple data:
342 *
343 * <pre>{@code
344 * LongStatistics.Builder builder = LongStatistics.builder(
345 * Statistic.MIN, Statistic.MAX, Statistic.VARIANCE);
346 * Collector<long[], LongStatistics, LongStatistics> collector =
347 * Collector.of(builder::build,
348 * (s, d) -> s.combine(builder.build(d)),
349 * LongStatistics::combine);
350 *
351 * // Repeated
352 * long[][] data = ...
353 * LongStatistics stats = Arrays.stream(data).collect(collector);
354 * }</pre>
355 *
356 * @param statistics Statistics to compute.
357 * @return the builder
358 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if there are no {@code statistics} to compute.
359 */
360 public static Builder builder(Statistic... statistics) {
361 if (statistics.length == 0) {
362 throw new IllegalArgumentException(NO_CONFIGURED_STATISTICS);
363 }
364 final Builder b = new Builder();
365 for (final Statistic s : statistics) {
366 b.add(s);
367 }
368 return b;
369 }
370
371 /**
372 * Updates the state of the statistics to reflect the addition of {@code value}.
373 *
374 * @param value Value.
375 */
376 @Override
377 public void accept(long value) {
378 count++;
379 consumer.accept(value);
380 }
381
382 /**
383 * Return the count of values recorded.
384 *
385 * @return the count of values
386 */
387 public long getCount() {
388 return count;
389 }
390
391 /**
392 * Check if the specified {@code statistic} is supported.
393 *
394 * <p>Note: This method will not return {@code false} if the argument is {@code null}.
395 *
396 * @param statistic Statistic.
397 * @return {@code true} if supported
398 * @throws NullPointerException if the {@code statistic} is {@code null}
399 * @see #getResult(Statistic)
400 */
401 public boolean isSupported(Statistic statistic) {
402 // Check for the appropriate underlying implementation
403 switch (statistic) {
404 case GEOMETRIC_MEAN:
405 case SUM_OF_LOGS:
406 return sumOfLogs != null;
407 case KURTOSIS:
408 return moment instanceof SumOfFourthDeviations;
409 case MAX:
410 return max != null;
411 case MIN:
412 return min != null;
413 case PRODUCT:
414 return product != null;
415 case SKEWNESS:
416 return moment instanceof SumOfCubedDeviations;
417 case STANDARD_DEVIATION:
418 case VARIANCE:
419 return sum != null && sumOfSquares != null;
420 case MEAN:
421 case SUM:
422 return sum != null;
423 case SUM_OF_SQUARES:
424 return sumOfSquares != null;
425 default:
426 return false;
427 }
428 }
429
430 /**
431 * Gets the value of the specified {@code statistic} as a {@code double}.
432 *
433 * @param statistic Statistic.
434 * @return the value
435 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the {@code statistic} is not supported
436 * @see #isSupported(Statistic)
437 * @see #getResult(Statistic)
438 */
439 public double getAsDouble(Statistic statistic) {
440 return getResult(statistic).getAsDouble();
441 }
442
443 /**
444 * Gets the value of the specified {@code statistic} as a {@code long}.
445 *
446 * <p>Use this method to access the {@code long} result for exact integer statistics,
447 * for example {@link Statistic#MIN}.
448 *
449 * <p>Note: This method may throw an {@link ArithmeticException} if the result
450 * overflows an {@code long}.
451 *
452 * @param statistic Statistic.
453 * @return the value
454 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the {@code statistic} is not supported
455 * @throws ArithmeticException if the {@code result} overflows an {@code long} or is not
456 * finite
457 * @see #isSupported(Statistic)
458 * @see #getResult(Statistic)
459 */
460 public long getAsLong(Statistic statistic) {
461 return getResult(statistic).getAsLong();
462 }
463
464 /**
465 * Gets the value of the specified {@code statistic} as a {@code BigInteger}.
466 *
467 * <p>Use this method to access the {@code BigInteger} result for exact integer statistics,
468 * for example {@link Statistic#SUM_OF_SQUARES}.
469 *
470 * <p>Note: This method may throw an {@link ArithmeticException} if the result
471 * is not finite.
472 *
473 * @param statistic Statistic.
474 * @return the value
475 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the {@code statistic} is not supported
476 * @throws ArithmeticException if the {@code result} is not finite
477 * @see #isSupported(Statistic)
478 * @see #getResult(Statistic)
479 */
480 public BigInteger getAsBigInteger(Statistic statistic) {
481 return getResult(statistic).getAsBigInteger();
482 }
483
484 /**
485 * Gets a supplier for the value of the specified {@code statistic}.
486 *
487 * <p>The returned function will supply the correct result after
488 * calls to {@link #accept(long) accept} or
489 * {@link #combine(LongStatistics) combine} further values into
490 * {@code this} instance.
491 *
492 * <p>This method can be used to perform a one-time look-up of the statistic
493 * function to compute statistics as values are dynamically added.
494 *
495 * @param statistic Statistic.
496 * @return the supplier
497 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the {@code statistic} is not supported
498 * @see #isSupported(Statistic)
499 * @see #getAsDouble(Statistic)
500 */
501 public StatisticResult getResult(Statistic statistic) {
502 // Locate the implementation.
503 // Statistics that wrap an underlying implementation are created in methods.
504 // The return argument should be an interface reference and not an instance
505 // of LongStatistic. This ensures the statistic implementation cannot
506 // be updated with new values by casting the result and calling accept(long).
507 StatisticResult stat = null;
508 switch (statistic) {
509 case GEOMETRIC_MEAN:
510 stat = getGeometricMean();
511 break;
512 case KURTOSIS:
513 stat = getKurtosis();
514 break;
515 case MAX:
516 stat = Statistics.getResultAsLongOrNull(max);
517 break;
518 case MEAN:
519 stat = getMean();
520 break;
521 case MIN:
522 stat = Statistics.getResultAsLongOrNull(min);
523 break;
524 case PRODUCT:
525 stat = Statistics.getResultAsDoubleOrNull(product);
526 break;
527 case SKEWNESS:
528 stat = getSkewness();
529 break;
530 case STANDARD_DEVIATION:
531 stat = getStandardDeviation();
532 break;
533 case SUM:
534 stat = Statistics.getResultAsBigIntegerOrNull(sum);
535 break;
536 case SUM_OF_LOGS:
537 stat = Statistics.getResultAsDoubleOrNull(sumOfLogs);
538 break;
539 case SUM_OF_SQUARES:
540 stat = Statistics.getResultAsBigIntegerOrNull(sumOfSquares);
541 break;
542 case VARIANCE:
543 stat = getVariance();
544 break;
545 default:
546 break;
547 }
548 if (stat != null) {
549 return stat;
550 }
551 throw new IllegalArgumentException(UNSUPPORTED_STATISTIC + statistic);
552 }
553
554 /**
555 * Gets the geometric mean.
556 *
557 * @return a geometric mean supplier (or null if unsupported)
558 */
559 private StatisticResult getGeometricMean() {
560 if (sumOfLogs != null) {
561 // Return a function that has access to the count and sumOfLogs
562 return () -> GeometricMean.computeGeometricMean(count, sumOfLogs);
563 }
564 return null;
565 }
566
567 /**
568 * Gets the kurtosis.
569 *
570 * @return a kurtosis supplier (or null if unsupported)
571 */
572 private StatisticResult getKurtosis() {
573 if (moment instanceof SumOfFourthDeviations) {
574 return new Kurtosis((SumOfFourthDeviations) moment)
575 .setBiased(config.isBiased())::getAsDouble;
576 }
577 return null;
578 }
579
580 /**
581 * Gets the mean.
582 *
583 * @return a mean supplier (or null if unsupported)
584 */
585 private StatisticResult getMean() {
586 if (sum != null) {
587 // Return a function that has access to the count and sum
588 final Int128 s = sum.getSum();
589 return () -> LongMean.computeMean(s, count);
590 }
591 return null;
592 }
593
594 /**
595 * Gets the skewness.
596 *
597 * @return a skewness supplier (or null if unsupported)
598 */
599 private StatisticResult getSkewness() {
600 if (moment instanceof SumOfCubedDeviations) {
601 return new Skewness((SumOfCubedDeviations) moment)
602 .setBiased(config.isBiased())::getAsDouble;
603 }
604 return null;
605 }
606
607 /**
608 * Gets the standard deviation.
609 *
610 * @return a standard deviation supplier (or null if unsupported)
611 */
612 private StatisticResult getStandardDeviation() {
613 return getVarianceOrStd(true);
614 }
615
616 /**
617 * Gets the variance.
618 *
619 * @return a variance supplier (or null if unsupported)
620 */
621 private StatisticResult getVariance() {
622 return getVarianceOrStd(false);
623 }
624
625 /**
626 * Gets the variance or standard deviation.
627 *
628 * @param std Flag to control if the statistic is the standard deviation.
629 * @return a variance/standard deviation supplier (or null if unsupported)
630 */
631 private StatisticResult getVarianceOrStd(boolean std) {
632 if (sum != null && sumOfSquares != null) {
633 // Return a function that has access to the count, sum and sum of squares
634 final Int128 s = sum.getSum();
635 final UInt192 ss = sumOfSquares.getSumOfSquares();
636 final boolean biased = config.isBiased();
637 return () -> LongVariance.computeVarianceOrStd(ss, s, count, biased, std);
638 }
639 return null;
640 }
641
642 /**
643 * Combines the state of the {@code other} statistics into this one.
644 * Only {@code this} instance is modified by the {@code combine} operation.
645 *
646 * <p>The {@code other} instance must be <em>compatible</em>. This is {@code true} if the
647 * {@code other} instance returns {@code true} for {@link #isSupported(Statistic)} for
648 * all values of the {@link Statistic} enum which are supported by {@code this}
649 * instance.
650 *
651 * <p>Note that this operation is <em>not symmetric</em>. It may be possible to perform
652 * {@code a.combine(b)} but not {@code b.combine(a)}. In the event that the {@code other}
653 * instance is not compatible then an exception is raised before any state is modified.
654 *
655 * @param other Another set of statistics to be combined.
656 * @return {@code this} instance after combining {@code other}.
657 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the {@code other} is not compatible
658 */
659 public LongStatistics combine(LongStatistics other) {
660 // Check compatibility
661 Statistics.checkCombineCompatible(min, other.min);
662 Statistics.checkCombineCompatible(max, other.max);
663 Statistics.checkCombineCompatible(sum, other.sum);
664 Statistics.checkCombineCompatible(product, other.product);
665 Statistics.checkCombineCompatible(sumOfSquares, other.sumOfSquares);
666 Statistics.checkCombineCompatible(sumOfLogs, other.sumOfLogs);
667 Statistics.checkCombineAssignable(moment, other.moment);
668 // Combine
669 count += other.count;
670 Statistics.combine(min, other.min);
671 Statistics.combine(max, other.max);
672 Statistics.combine(sum, other.sum);
673 Statistics.combine(product, other.product);
674 Statistics.combine(sumOfSquares, other.sumOfSquares);
675 Statistics.combine(sumOfLogs, other.sumOfLogs);
676 Statistics.combineMoment(moment, other.moment);
677 return this;
678 }
679
680 /**
681 * Sets the statistics configuration.
682 *
683 * <p>These options only control the final computation of statistics. The configuration
684 * will not affect compatibility between instances during a
685 * {@link #combine(LongStatistics) combine} operation.
686 *
687 * <p>Note: These options will affect any future computation of statistics. Supplier functions
688 * that have been previously created will not be updated with the new configuration.
689 *
690 * @param v Value.
691 * @return {@code this} instance
692 * @throws NullPointerException if the value is null
693 * @see #getResult(Statistic)
694 */
695 public LongStatistics setConfiguration(StatisticsConfiguration v) {
696 config = Objects.requireNonNull(v);
697 return this;
698 }
699 }