/*
    * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
    * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
    * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
    * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
    * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
    * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
    *
    *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
   *
   * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
   * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
   * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
   * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
   * limitations under the License.
   */
  package org.apache.commons.text;
  
  import java.io.IOException;
  import java.io.Writer;
  import java.util.Collections;
  import java.util.HashMap;
  import java.util.Map;
  
  import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
  import org.apache.commons.text.translate.AggregateTranslator;
  import org.apache.commons.text.translate.CharSequenceTranslator;
  import org.apache.commons.text.translate.CsvTranslators;
  import org.apache.commons.text.translate.EntityArrays;
  import org.apache.commons.text.translate.JavaUnicodeEscaper;
  import org.apache.commons.text.translate.LookupTranslator;
  import org.apache.commons.text.translate.NumericEntityEscaper;
  import org.apache.commons.text.translate.NumericEntityUnescaper;
  import org.apache.commons.text.translate.OctalUnescaper;
  import org.apache.commons.text.translate.UnicodeUnescaper;
  import org.apache.commons.text.translate.UnicodeUnpairedSurrogateRemover;
  
  /**
   * <p>
   * Escapes and unescapes {@code String}s for Java, Java Script, HTML and XML.
   * </p>
   *
   * <p>
   * #ThreadSafe#
   * </p>
   *
   * <p>
   * This code has been adapted from Apache Commons Lang 3.5.
   * </p>
   *
   * @since 1.0
   */
  public class StringEscapeUtils {
  
      /* ESCAPE TRANSLATORS */
  
      /**
       * Convenience wrapper for {@link StringBuilder} providing escape methods.
       *
       * <p>Example:</p>
       * <pre>
       * new Builder(ESCAPE_HTML4)
       *      .append("&lt;p&gt;")
       *      .escape("This is paragraph 1 and special chars like &amp; get escaped.")
       *      .append("&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;")
       *      .escape("This is paragraph 2 &amp; more...")
       *      .append("&lt;/p&gt;")
       *      .toString()
       * </pre>
       */
      public static final class Builder {
  
          /**
           * StringBuilder to be used in the Builder class.
           */
          private final StringBuilder sb;
  
          /**
           * CharSequenceTranslator to be used in the Builder class.
           */
          private final CharSequenceTranslator translator;
  
          /**
           * Builder constructor.
           *
           * @param translator a CharSequenceTranslator.
           */
          private Builder(final CharSequenceTranslator translator) {
              this.sb = new StringBuilder();
              this.translator = translator;
          }
  
          /**
           * Literal append, no escaping being done.
           *
           * @param input the String to append
           * @return {@code this}, to enable chaining
           */
          public Builder append(final String input) {
             sb.append(input);
             return this;
         }
 
         /**
          * Escape {@code input} according to the given {@link CharSequenceTranslator}.
          *
          * @param input the String to escape
          * @return {@code this}, to enable chaining
          */
         public Builder escape(final String input) {
             sb.append(translator.translate(input));
             return this;
         }
 
         /**
          * Return the escaped string.
          *
          * @return The escaped string
          */
         @Override
         public String toString() {
             return sb.toString();
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Translator object for unescaping backslash escaped entries.
      */
     static class XsiUnescaper extends CharSequenceTranslator {
 
         /**
          * Escaped backslash constant.
          */
         private static final char BACKSLASH = '\\';
 
         @Override
         public int translate(final CharSequence input, final int index, final Writer writer) throws IOException {
 
             if (index != 0) {
                 throw new IllegalStateException("XsiUnescaper should never reach the [1] index");
             }
 
             final String s = input.toString();
 
             int segmentStart = 0;
             int searchOffset = 0;
             while (true) {
                 final int pos = s.indexOf(BACKSLASH, searchOffset);
                 if (pos == -1) {
                     if (segmentStart < s.length()) {
                         writer.write(s.substring(segmentStart));
                     }
                     break;
                 }
                 if (pos > segmentStart) {
                     writer.write(s.substring(segmentStart, pos));
                 }
                 segmentStart = pos + 1;
                 searchOffset = pos + 2;
             }
 
             return Character.codePointCount(input, 0, input.length());
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Translator object for escaping Java.
      *
      * While {@link #escapeJava(String)} is the expected method of use, this object allows the Java escaping functionality to be used as the foundation for a
      * custom translator.
      */
     public static final CharSequenceTranslator ESCAPE_JAVA;
     static {
         final Map<CharSequence, CharSequence> escapeJavaMap = new HashMap<>();
         escapeJavaMap.put("\"", "\\\"");
         escapeJavaMap.put("\\", "\\\\");
         ESCAPE_JAVA = new AggregateTranslator(
                 new LookupTranslator(Collections.unmodifiableMap(escapeJavaMap)),
                 new LookupTranslator(EntityArrays.JAVA_CTRL_CHARS_ESCAPE),
                 JavaUnicodeEscaper.outsideOf(32, 0x7f)
         );
     }
 
     /**
      * Translator object for escaping EcmaScript/JavaScript.
      *
      * While {@link #escapeEcmaScript(String)} is the expected method of use, this object allows the EcmaScript escaping functionality to be used as the
      * foundation for a custom translator.
      */
     public static final CharSequenceTranslator ESCAPE_ECMASCRIPT;
     static {
         final Map<CharSequence, CharSequence> escapeEcmaScriptMap = new HashMap<>();
         escapeEcmaScriptMap.put("'", "\\'");
         escapeEcmaScriptMap.put("\"", "\\\"");
         escapeEcmaScriptMap.put("\\", "\\\\");
         escapeEcmaScriptMap.put("/", "\\/");
         ESCAPE_ECMASCRIPT = new AggregateTranslator(
                 new LookupTranslator(Collections.unmodifiableMap(escapeEcmaScriptMap)),
                 new LookupTranslator(EntityArrays.JAVA_CTRL_CHARS_ESCAPE),
                 JavaUnicodeEscaper.outsideOf(32, 0x7f)
         );
     }
 
     /**
      * Translator object for escaping Json.
      *
      * While {@link #escapeJson(String)} is the expected method of use, this object allows the Json escaping functionality to be used as the foundation for a
      * custom translator.
      */
     public static final CharSequenceTranslator ESCAPE_JSON;
     static {
         final Map<CharSequence, CharSequence> escapeJsonMap = new HashMap<>();
         escapeJsonMap.put("\"", "\\\"");
         escapeJsonMap.put("\\", "\\\\");
         escapeJsonMap.put("/", "\\/");
         ESCAPE_JSON = new AggregateTranslator(
                 new LookupTranslator(Collections.unmodifiableMap(escapeJsonMap)),
                 new LookupTranslator(EntityArrays.JAVA_CTRL_CHARS_ESCAPE),
                 JavaUnicodeEscaper.outsideOf(32, 0x7e)
         );
     }
 
     /**
      * Translator object for escaping XML 1.0.
      *
      * While {@link #escapeXml10(String)} is the expected method of use, this object allows the XML escaping functionality to be used as the foundation for a
      * custom translator.
      */
     public static final CharSequenceTranslator ESCAPE_XML10;
     static {
         final Map<CharSequence, CharSequence> escapeXml10Map = new HashMap<>();
         escapeXml10Map.put("\u0000", StringUtils.EMPTY);
         escapeXml10Map.put("\u0001", StringUtils.EMPTY);
         escapeXml10Map.put("\u0002", StringUtils.EMPTY);
         escapeXml10Map.put("\u0003", StringUtils.EMPTY);
         escapeXml10Map.put("\u0004", StringUtils.EMPTY);
         escapeXml10Map.put("\u0005", StringUtils.EMPTY);
         escapeXml10Map.put("\u0006", StringUtils.EMPTY);
         escapeXml10Map.put("\u0007", StringUtils.EMPTY);
         escapeXml10Map.put("\u0008", StringUtils.EMPTY);
         escapeXml10Map.put("\u000b", StringUtils.EMPTY);
         escapeXml10Map.put("\u000c", StringUtils.EMPTY);
         escapeXml10Map.put("\u000e", StringUtils.EMPTY);
         escapeXml10Map.put("\u000f", StringUtils.EMPTY);
         escapeXml10Map.put("\u0010", StringUtils.EMPTY);
         escapeXml10Map.put("\u0011", StringUtils.EMPTY);
         escapeXml10Map.put("\u0012", StringUtils.EMPTY);
         escapeXml10Map.put("\u0013", StringUtils.EMPTY);
         escapeXml10Map.put("\u0014", StringUtils.EMPTY);
         escapeXml10Map.put("\u0015", StringUtils.EMPTY);
         escapeXml10Map.put("\u0016", StringUtils.EMPTY);
         escapeXml10Map.put("\u0017", StringUtils.EMPTY);
         escapeXml10Map.put("\u0018", StringUtils.EMPTY);
         escapeXml10Map.put("\u0019", StringUtils.EMPTY);
         escapeXml10Map.put("\u001a", StringUtils.EMPTY);
         escapeXml10Map.put("\u001b", StringUtils.EMPTY);
         escapeXml10Map.put("\u001c", StringUtils.EMPTY);
         escapeXml10Map.put("\u001d", StringUtils.EMPTY);
         escapeXml10Map.put("\u001e", StringUtils.EMPTY);
         escapeXml10Map.put("\u001f", StringUtils.EMPTY);
         escapeXml10Map.put("\ufffe", StringUtils.EMPTY);
         escapeXml10Map.put("\uffff", StringUtils.EMPTY);
         ESCAPE_XML10 = new AggregateTranslator(
                 new LookupTranslator(EntityArrays.BASIC_ESCAPE),
                 new LookupTranslator(EntityArrays.APOS_ESCAPE),
                 new LookupTranslator(Collections.unmodifiableMap(escapeXml10Map)),
                 NumericEntityEscaper.between(0x7f, 0x84),
                 NumericEntityEscaper.between(0x86, 0x9f),
                 new UnicodeUnpairedSurrogateRemover()
         );
     }
 
     /**
      * Translator object for escaping XML 1.1.
      *
      * While {@link #escapeXml11(String)} is the expected method of use, this
      * object allows the XML escaping functionality to be used
      * as the foundation for a custom translator.
      */
     public static final CharSequenceTranslator ESCAPE_XML11;
 
     static {
         final Map<CharSequence, CharSequence> escapeXml11Map = new HashMap<>();
         escapeXml11Map.put("\u0000", StringUtils.EMPTY);
         escapeXml11Map.put("\u000b", "&#11;");
         escapeXml11Map.put("\u000c", "&#12;");
         escapeXml11Map.put("\ufffe", StringUtils.EMPTY);
         escapeXml11Map.put("\uffff", StringUtils.EMPTY);
         ESCAPE_XML11 = new AggregateTranslator(
                 new LookupTranslator(EntityArrays.BASIC_ESCAPE),
                 new LookupTranslator(EntityArrays.APOS_ESCAPE),
                 new LookupTranslator(Collections.unmodifiableMap(escapeXml11Map)),
                 NumericEntityEscaper.between(0x1, 0x8),
                 NumericEntityEscaper.between(0xe, 0x1f),
                 NumericEntityEscaper.between(0x7f, 0x84),
                 NumericEntityEscaper.between(0x86, 0x9f),
                 new UnicodeUnpairedSurrogateRemover()
         );
     }
 
     /**
      * Translator object for escaping HTML version 3.0.
      *
      * While {@link #escapeHtml3(String)} is the expected method of use, this
      * object allows the HTML escaping functionality to be used
      * as the foundation for a custom translator.
      */
     public static final CharSequenceTranslator ESCAPE_HTML3 =
             new AggregateTranslator(
                     new LookupTranslator(EntityArrays.BASIC_ESCAPE),
                     new LookupTranslator(EntityArrays.ISO8859_1_ESCAPE)
             );
 
     /**
      * Translator object for escaping HTML version 4.0.
      *
      * While {@link #escapeHtml4(String)} is the expected method of use, this
      * object allows the HTML escaping functionality to be used
      * as the foundation for a custom translator.
      */
     public static final CharSequenceTranslator ESCAPE_HTML4 =
             new AggregateTranslator(
                     new LookupTranslator(EntityArrays.BASIC_ESCAPE),
                     new LookupTranslator(EntityArrays.ISO8859_1_ESCAPE),
                     new LookupTranslator(EntityArrays.HTML40_EXTENDED_ESCAPE)
             );
 
     /**
      * Translator object for escaping individual Comma Separated Values.
      *
      * While {@link #escapeCsv(String)} is the expected method of use, this
      * object allows the CSV escaping functionality to be used
      * as the foundation for a custom translator.
      */
     public static final CharSequenceTranslator ESCAPE_CSV = new CsvTranslators.CsvEscaper();
 
     /* UNESCAPE TRANSLATORS */
 
     /**
      * Translator object for escaping Shell command language.
      *
      * @see <a href="https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/7908799/xcu/chap2.html">Shell Command Language</a>
      */
     public static final CharSequenceTranslator ESCAPE_XSI;
     static {
         final Map<CharSequence, CharSequence> escapeXsiMap = new HashMap<>();
         escapeXsiMap.put("|", "\\|");
         escapeXsiMap.put("&", "\\&");
         escapeXsiMap.put(";", "\\;");
         escapeXsiMap.put("<", "\\<");
         escapeXsiMap.put(">", "\\>");
         escapeXsiMap.put("(", "\\(");
         escapeXsiMap.put(")", "\\)");
         escapeXsiMap.put("$", "\\$");
         escapeXsiMap.put("`", "\\`");
         escapeXsiMap.put("\\", "\\\\");
         escapeXsiMap.put("\"", "\\\"");
         escapeXsiMap.put("'", "\\'");
         escapeXsiMap.put(" ", "\\ ");
         escapeXsiMap.put("\t", "\\\t");
         escapeXsiMap.put("\r\n", StringUtils.EMPTY);
         escapeXsiMap.put("\n", StringUtils.EMPTY);
         escapeXsiMap.put("*", "\\*");
         escapeXsiMap.put("?", "\\?");
         escapeXsiMap.put("[", "\\[");
         escapeXsiMap.put("#", "\\#");
         escapeXsiMap.put("~", "\\~");
         escapeXsiMap.put("=", "\\=");
         escapeXsiMap.put("%", "\\%");
         ESCAPE_XSI = new LookupTranslator(
                 Collections.unmodifiableMap(escapeXsiMap)
         );
     }
 
     /**
      * Translator object for unescaping escaped Java.
      *
      * While {@link #unescapeJava(String)} is the expected method of use, this
      * object allows the Java unescaping functionality to be used
      * as the foundation for a custom translator.
      */
     public static final CharSequenceTranslator UNESCAPE_JAVA;
 
     static {
         final Map<CharSequence, CharSequence> unescapeJavaMap = new HashMap<>();
         unescapeJavaMap.put("\\\\", "\\");
         unescapeJavaMap.put("\\\"", "\"");
         unescapeJavaMap.put("\\'", "'");
         unescapeJavaMap.put("\\", StringUtils.EMPTY);
         UNESCAPE_JAVA = new AggregateTranslator(
                 new OctalUnescaper(),     // .between('\1', '\377'),
                 new UnicodeUnescaper(),
                 new LookupTranslator(EntityArrays.JAVA_CTRL_CHARS_UNESCAPE),
                 new LookupTranslator(Collections.unmodifiableMap(unescapeJavaMap))
         );
     }
 
     /**
      * Translator object for unescaping escaped EcmaScript.
      *
      * While {@link #unescapeEcmaScript(String)} is the expected method of use, this
      * object allows the EcmaScript unescaping functionality to be used
      * as the foundation for a custom translator.
      */
     public static final CharSequenceTranslator UNESCAPE_ECMASCRIPT = UNESCAPE_JAVA;
 
     /**
      * Translator object for unescaping escaped Json.
      *
      * While {@link #unescapeJson(String)} is the expected method of use, this
      * object allows the Json unescaping functionality to be used
      * as the foundation for a custom translator.
      */
     public static final CharSequenceTranslator UNESCAPE_JSON = UNESCAPE_JAVA;
 
     /**
      * Translator object for unescaping escaped HTML 3.0.
      *
      * While {@link #unescapeHtml3(String)} is the expected method of use, this
      * object allows the HTML unescaping functionality to be used
      * as the foundation for a custom translator.
      */
     public static final CharSequenceTranslator UNESCAPE_HTML3 =
             new AggregateTranslator(
                     new LookupTranslator(EntityArrays.BASIC_UNESCAPE),
                     new LookupTranslator(EntityArrays.ISO8859_1_UNESCAPE),
                     new NumericEntityUnescaper()
             );
 
     /**
      * Translator object for unescaping escaped HTML 4.0.
      *
      * While {@link #unescapeHtml4(String)} is the expected method of use, this
      * object allows the HTML unescaping functionality to be used
      * as the foundation for a custom translator.
      */
     public static final CharSequenceTranslator UNESCAPE_HTML4 =
             new AggregateTranslator(
                     new LookupTranslator(EntityArrays.BASIC_UNESCAPE),
                     new LookupTranslator(EntityArrays.ISO8859_1_UNESCAPE),
                     new LookupTranslator(EntityArrays.HTML40_EXTENDED_UNESCAPE),
                     new NumericEntityUnescaper()
             );
 
     /**
      * Translator object for unescaping escaped XML.
      *
      * While {@link #unescapeXml(String)} is the expected method of use, this
      * object allows the XML unescaping functionality to be used
      * as the foundation for a custom translator.
      */
     public static final CharSequenceTranslator UNESCAPE_XML =
             new AggregateTranslator(
                     new LookupTranslator(EntityArrays.BASIC_UNESCAPE),
                     new LookupTranslator(EntityArrays.APOS_UNESCAPE),
                     new NumericEntityUnescaper()
             );
 
     /**
      * Translator object for unescaping escaped Comma Separated Value entries.
      *
      * While {@link #unescapeCsv(String)} is the expected method of use, this
      * object allows the CSV unescaping functionality to be used
      * as the foundation for a custom translator.
      */
     public static final CharSequenceTranslator UNESCAPE_CSV = new CsvTranslators.CsvUnescaper();
 
     /* Helper functions */
 
     /**
      * Translator object for unescaping escaped XSI Value entries.
      *
      * While {@link #unescapeXSI(String)}  is the expected method of use, this
      * object allows the XSI unescaping functionality to be used
      * as the foundation for a custom translator.
      */
     public static final CharSequenceTranslator UNESCAPE_XSI = new XsiUnescaper();
 
     /**
      * Gets a {@link Builder}.
      *
      * @param translator the text translator.
      * @return {@link Builder}
      */
     public static StringEscapeUtils.Builder builder(final CharSequenceTranslator translator) {
         return new Builder(translator);
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns a {@code String} value for a CSV column enclosed in double quotes, if required.
      *
      * <p>
      * If the value contains a comma, newline or double quote, then the String value is returned enclosed in double quotes.
      * </p>
      *
      * <p>
      * Any double quote characters in the value are escaped with another double quote.
      * </p>
      *
      * <p>
      * If the value does not contain a comma, newline or double quote, then the String value is returned unchanged.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comma-separated_values">Wikipedia</a> and <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4180">RFC 4180</a>.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param input the input CSV column String, may be null.
      * @return The input String, enclosed in double quotes if the value contains a comma, newline or double quote, {@code null} if null string input.
      */
     public static String escapeCsv(final String input) {
         return ESCAPE_CSV.translate(input);
     }
 
     /**
      * Escapes the characters in a {@code String} using EcmaScript String rules.
      *
      * <p>
      * Escapes any values it finds into their EcmaScript String form. Deals correctly with quotes and control-chars (tab, backslash, cr, ff, etc.)
      * </p>
      *
      * <p>
      * So a tab becomes the characters {@code '\\'} and {@code 't'}.
      * </p>
      *
      * <p>
      * The only difference between Java strings and EcmaScript strings is that in EcmaScript, a single quote and forward-slash (/) are escaped.
      * </p>
      *
      * <p>
      * Note that EcmaScript is best known by the JavaScript and ActionScript dialects.
      * </p>
      *
      * <p>
      * Example:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * input string: He didn't say, "Stop!"
      * output string: He didn\'t say, \"Stop!\"
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * <strong>Security Note.</strong> We only provide backslash escaping in this method. For example, {@code '\"'} has the output {@code '\\\"'} which could
      * result in potential issues in the case where the string being escaped is being used in an HTML tag like {@code <select onmouseover="..." />}. If you wish
      * to have more rigorous string escaping, you may consider the <a href="https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Category:OWASP_Enterprise_Security_API_JAVA">ESAPI
      * Libraries</a>. Further, you can view the <a href="https://github.com/esapi">ESAPI GitHub Org</a>.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param input String to escape values in, may be null.
      * @return String with escaped values, {@code null} if null string input.
      */
     public static String escapeEcmaScript(final String input) {
         return ESCAPE_ECMASCRIPT.translate(input);
     }
 
     /**
      * Escapes the characters in a {@code String} using HTML entities.
      *
      * <p>Supports only the HTML 3.0 entities.</p>
      *
      * @param input  the {@code String} to escape, may be null.
      * @return a new escaped {@code String}, {@code null} if null string input.
      */
     public static String escapeHtml3(final String input) {
         return ESCAPE_HTML3.translate(input);
     }
 
     /**
      * Escapes the characters in a {@code String} using HTML entities.
      *
      * <p>
      * For example:
      * </p>
      * <p>{@code "bread" &amp; "butter"}</p>
      * becomes:
      * <p>
      * {@code &quot;bread&quot; &amp;amp; &quot;butter&quot;}.
      * </p>
      *
      * <p>Supports all known HTML 4.0 entities, including funky accents.
      * Note that the commonly used apostrophe escape character (&amp;apos;)
      * is not a legal entity and so is not supported).</p>
      *
      * @param input  the {@code String} to escape, may be null.
      * @return a new escaped {@code String}, {@code null} if null string input.
      * @see <a href="https://hotwired.lycos.com/webmonkey/reference/special_characters/">ISO Entities</a>
      * @see <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html32#latin1">HTML 3.2 Character Entities for ISO Latin-1</a>
      * @see <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/sgml/entities.html">HTML 4.0 Character entity references</a>
      * @see <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/html401/charset.html#h-5.3">HTML 4.01 Character References</a>
      * @see <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/html401/charset.html#code-position">HTML 4.01 Code positions</a>
      */
     public static String escapeHtml4(final String input) {
         return ESCAPE_HTML4.translate(input);
     }
 
     /**
      * Escapes the characters in a {@code String} using Java String rules.
      *
      * <p>
      * Deals correctly with quotes and control-chars (tab, backslash, cr, ff, etc.)
      * </p>
      *
      * <p>
      * So a tab becomes the characters {@code '\\'} and {@code 't'}.
      * </p>
      *
      * <p>
      * The only difference between Java strings and JavaScript strings is that in JavaScript, a single quote and forward-slash (/) are escaped.
      * </p>
      *
      * <p>
      * Example:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * input string: He didn't say, "Stop!"
      * output string: He didn't say, \"Stop!\"
      * </pre>
      *
      * @param input String to escape values in, may be null.
      * @return String with escaped values, {@code null} if null string input.
      */
     public static String escapeJava(final String input) {
         return ESCAPE_JAVA.translate(input);
     }
 
     /**
      * Escapes the characters in a {@code String} using Json String rules.
      *
      * <p>
      * Escapes any values it finds into their Json String form. Deals correctly with quotes and control-chars (tab, backslash, cr, ff, etc.)
      * </p>
      *
      * <p>
      * So a tab becomes the characters {@code '\\'} and {@code 't'}.
      * </p>
      *
      * <p>
      * The only difference between Java strings and Json strings is that in Json, forward-slash (/) is escaped.
      * </p>
      *
      * <p>
      * See http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4627.txt for further details.
      * </p>
      *
      * <p>
      * Example:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * input string: He didn't say, "Stop!"
      * output string: He didn't say, \"Stop!\"
      * </pre>
      *
      * @param input String to escape values in, may be null.
      * @return String with escaped values, {@code null} if null string input.
      */
     public static String escapeJson(final String input) {
         return ESCAPE_JSON.translate(input);
     }
 
     /**
      * Escapes the characters in a {@code String} using XML entities.
      *
      * <p>
      * For example: {@code "bread" & "butter"} =&gt; {@code &quot;bread&quot; &amp; &quot;butter&quot;}.
      * </p>
      *
      * <p>
      * Note that XML 1.0 is a text-only format: it cannot represent control characters or unpaired Unicode surrogate code points, even after escaping.
      * {@code escapeXml10} will remove characters that do not fit in the following ranges:
      * </p>
      *
      * <p>
      * {@code #x9 | #xA | #xD | [#x20-#xD7FF] | [#xE000-#xFFFD] | [#x10000-#x10FFFF]}
      * </p>
      *
      * <p>
      * Though not strictly necessary, {@code escapeXml10} will escape characters in the following ranges:
      * </p>
      *
      * <p>
      * {@code [#x7F-#x84] | [#x86-#x9F]}
      * </p>
      *
      * <p>
      * The returned string can be inserted into a valid XML 1.0 or XML 1.1 document. If you want to allow more non-text characters in an XML 1.1 document, use
      * {@link #escapeXml11(String)}.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param input the {@code String} to escape, may be null.
      * @return a new escaped {@code String}, {@code null} if null string input.
      * @see #unescapeXml(String)
      */
     public static String escapeXml10(final String input) {
         return ESCAPE_XML10.translate(input);
     }
 
     /**
      * Escapes the characters in a {@code String} using XML entities.
      *
      * <p>
      * For example: {@code "bread" & "butter"} =&gt; {@code &quot;bread&quot; &amp; &quot;butter&quot;}.
      * </p>
      *
      * <p>
      * XML 1.1 can represent certain control characters, but it cannot represent the null byte or unpaired Unicode surrogate code points, even after escaping.
      * {@code escapeXml11} will remove characters that do not fit in the following ranges:
      * </p>
      *
      * <p>
      * {@code [#x1-#xD7FF] | [#xE000-#xFFFD] | [#x10000-#x10FFFF]}
      * </p>
      *
      * <p>
      * {@code escapeXml11} will escape characters in the following ranges:
      * </p>
      *
      * <p>
      * {@code [#x1-#x8] | [#xB-#xC] | [#xE-#x1F] | [#x7F-#x84] | [#x86-#x9F]}
      * </p>
      *
      * <p>
      * The returned string can be inserted into a valid XML 1.1 document. Do not use it for XML 1.0 documents.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param input the {@code String} to escape, may be null.
      * @return a new escaped {@code String}, {@code null} if null string input.
      * @see #unescapeXml(String)
      */
     public static String escapeXml11(final String input) {
         return ESCAPE_XML11.translate(input);
     }
 
     /**
      * Escapes the characters in a {@code String} using XSI rules.
      *
      * <p>
      * <strong>Beware!</strong> In most cases you don't want to escape shell commands but use multi-argument methods provided by {@link ProcessBuilder} or
      * {@link Runtime#exec(String[])} instead.
      * </p>
      *
      * <p>
      * Example:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * input string: He didn't say, "Stop!"
      * output string: He\ didn\'t\ say,\ \"Stop!\"
      * </pre>
      *
      * @param input String to escape values in, may be null.
      * @return String with escaped values, {@code null} if null string input.
      * @see <a href="https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/7908799/xcu/chap2.html">Shell Command Language</a>
      */
     public static String escapeXSI(final String input) {
         return ESCAPE_XSI.translate(input);
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns a {@code String} value for an unescaped CSV column.
      *
      * <p>
      * If the value is enclosed in double quotes, and contains a comma, newline or double quote, then quotes are removed.
      * </p>
      *
      * <p>
      * Any double quote escaped characters (a pair of double quotes) are unescaped to just one double quote.
      * </p>
      *
      * <p>
      * If the value is not enclosed in double quotes, or is and does not contain a comma, newline or double quote, then the String value is returned unchanged.
      * </p>
      *
      * see <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comma-separated_values">Wikipedia</a> and <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4180">RFC 4180</a>.
      *
      * @param input the input CSV column String, may be null.
      * @return The input String, with enclosing double quotes removed and embedded double quotes unescaped, {@code null} if null string input.
      */
     public static String unescapeCsv(final String input) {
         return UNESCAPE_CSV.translate(input);
     }
 
     /**
      * Unescapes any EcmaScript literals found in the {@code String}.
      *
      * <p>
      * For example, it will turn a sequence of {@code '\'} and {@code 'n'} into a newline character, unless the {@code '\'} is preceded by another {@code '\'}.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param input the {@code String} to unescape, may be null.
      * @return A new unescaped {@code String}, {@code null} if null string input.
      * @see #unescapeJava(String)
      */
     public static String unescapeEcmaScript(final String input) {
         return UNESCAPE_ECMASCRIPT.translate(input);
     }
 
     /**
      * Unescapes a string containing entity escapes to a string containing the actual Unicode characters corresponding to the escapes. Supports only HTML 3.0
      * entities.
      *
      * @param input the {@code String} to unescape, may be null.
      * @return a new unescaped {@code String}, {@code null} if null string input.
      */
     public static String unescapeHtml3(final String input) {
         return UNESCAPE_HTML3.translate(input);
     }
 
     /**
      * Unescapes a string containing entity escapes to a string containing the actual Unicode characters corresponding to the escapes. Supports HTML 4.0
      * entities.
      *
      * <p>
      * For example, the string {@code "&lt;Fran&ccedil;ais&gt;"} will become {@code "<Fran�ais>"}
      * </p>
      *
      * <p>
      * If an entity is unrecognized, it is left alone, and inserted verbatim into the result string. e.g. {@code "&gt;&zzzz;x"} will become {@code ">&zzzz;x"}.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param input the {@code String} to unescape, may be null.
      * @return a new unescaped {@code String}, {@code null} if null string input.
      */
     public static String unescapeHtml4(final String input) {
         return UNESCAPE_HTML4.translate(input);
     }
 
     /**
      * Unescapes any Java literals found in the {@code String}. For example, it will turn a sequence of {@code '\'} and {@code 'n'} into a newline character,
      * unless the {@code '\'} is preceded by another {@code '\'}.
      *
      * @param input the {@code String} to unescape, may be null.
      * @return a new unescaped {@code String}, {@code null} if null string input.
      */
     public static String unescapeJava(final String input) {
         return UNESCAPE_JAVA.translate(input);
     }
 
     /**
      * Unescapes any Json literals found in the {@code String}.
      *
      * <p>
      * For example, it will turn a sequence of {@code '\'} and {@code 'n'} into a newline character, unless the {@code '\'} is preceded by another {@code '\'}.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param input the {@code String} to unescape, may be null.
      * @return A new unescaped {@code String}, {@code null} if null string input.
      * @see #unescapeJava(String)
      */
     public static String unescapeJson(final String input) {
         return UNESCAPE_JSON.translate(input);
     }
 
     /**
      * Unescapes a string containing XML entity escapes to a string containing the actual Unicode characters corresponding to the escapes.
      *
      * <p>
      * Supports only the five basic XML entities (gt, lt, quot, amp, apos). Does not support DTDs or external entities.
      * </p>
      *
      * <p>
      * Note that numerical \\u Unicode codes are unescaped to their respective Unicode characters. This may change in future releases.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param input the {@code String} to unescape, may be null.
      * @return a new unescaped {@code String}, {@code null} if null string input.
      * @see #escapeXml10(String)
      * @see #escapeXml11(String)
      */
     public static String unescapeXml(final String input) {
         return UNESCAPE_XML.translate(input);
     }
 
     /**
      * Unescapes the characters in a {@code String} using XSI rules.
      *
      * @param input the {@code String} to unescape, may be null.
      * @return a new unescaped {@code String}, {@code null} if null string input.
      * @see StringEscapeUtils#escapeXSI(String)
      */
     public static String unescapeXSI(final String input) {
         return UNESCAPE_XSI.translate(input);
     }
 
     /**
      * {@code StringEscapeUtils} instances should NOT be constructed in standard programming.
      *
      * <p>
      * Instead, the class should be used as:
      * </p>
      *
      * <pre>
      * StringEscapeUtils.escapeJava("foo");
      * </pre>
      *
      * <p>
      * This constructor is public to permit tools that require a JavaBean instance to operate.
      * </p>
      */
     public StringEscapeUtils() {
     }
 
 }