1 /*
2 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
3 * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
4 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
5 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
6 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
7 * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
8 *
9 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
10 *
11 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
12 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
13 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
14 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
15 * limitations under the License.
16 */
17 package org.apache.commons.validator.routines;
18
19 import java.io.Serializable;
20 import java.net.IDN;
21 import java.util.Arrays;
22 import java.util.List;
23 import java.util.Locale;
24
25 /**
26 * <p><b>Domain name</b> validation routines.</p>
27 *
28 * <p>
29 * This validator provides methods for validating Internet domain names
30 * and top-level domains.
31 * </p>
32 *
33 * <p>Domain names are evaluated according
34 * to the standards <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1034.txt">RFC1034</a>,
35 * section 3, and <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1123.txt">RFC1123</a>,
36 * section 2.1. No accommodation is provided for the specialized needs of
37 * other applications; if the domain name has been URL-encoded, for example,
38 * validation will fail even though the equivalent plaintext version of the
39 * same name would have passed.
40 * </p>
41 *
42 * <p>
43 * Validation is also provided for top-level domains (TLDs) as defined and
44 * maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA):
45 * </p>
46 *
47 * <ul>
48 * <li>{@link #isValidInfrastructureTld} - validates infrastructure TLDs
49 * (<code>.arpa</code>, etc.)</li>
50 * <li>{@link #isValidGenericTld} - validates generic TLDs
51 * (<code>.com, .org</code>, etc.)</li>
52 * <li>{@link #isValidCountryCodeTld} - validates country code TLDs
53 * (<code>.us, .uk, .cn</code>, etc.)</li>
54 * </ul>
55 *
56 * <p>
57 * (<b>NOTE</b>: This class does not provide IP address lookup for domain names or
58 * methods to ensure that a given domain name matches a specific IP; see
59 * {@link java.net.InetAddress} for that functionality.)
60 * </p>
61 *
62 * @since 1.4
63 */
64 public class DomainValidator implements Serializable {
65
66 /**
67 * enum used by {@link DomainValidator#updateTLDOverride(ArrayType, String[])}
68 * to determine which override array to update / fetch
69 * @since 1.5.0
70 * @since 1.5.1 made public and added read-only array references
71 */
72 public enum ArrayType {
73 /** Update (or get a copy of) the GENERIC_TLDS_PLUS table containing additonal generic TLDs */
74 GENERIC_PLUS,
75 /** Update (or get a copy of) the GENERIC_TLDS_MINUS table containing deleted generic TLDs */
76 GENERIC_MINUS,
77 /** Update (or get a copy of) the COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS_PLUS table containing additonal country code TLDs */
78 COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS,
79 /** Update (or get a copy of) the COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS_MINUS table containing deleted country code TLDs */
80 COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS,
81 /** Gets a copy of the generic TLDS table */
82 GENERIC_RO,
83 /** Gets a copy of the country code table */
84 COUNTRY_CODE_RO,
85 /** Gets a copy of the infrastructure table */
86 INFRASTRUCTURE_RO,
87 /** Gets a copy of the local table */
88 LOCAL_RO,
89 /**
90 * Update (or get a copy of) the LOCAL_TLDS_PLUS table containing additional local TLDs
91 * @since 1.7
92 */
93 LOCAL_PLUS,
94 /**
95 * Update (or get a copy of) the LOCAL_TLDS_MINUS table containing deleted local TLDs
96 * @since 1.7
97 */
98 LOCAL_MINUS
99 ;
100 }
101
102 private static class IDNBUGHOLDER {
103 private static final boolean IDN_TOASCII_PRESERVES_TRAILING_DOTS = keepsTrailingDot();
104 private static boolean keepsTrailingDot() {
105 final String input = "a."; // must be a valid name
106 return input.equals(IDN.toASCII(input));
107 }
108 }
109
110 /**
111 * Used to specify overrides when creating a new class.
112 * @since 1.7
113 */
114 public static class Item {
115 final ArrayType type;
116 final String[] values;
117
118 /**
119 * Constructs a new instance.
120 * @param type ArrayType, e.g. GENERIC_PLUS, LOCAL_PLUS
121 * @param values array of TLDs. Will be lower-cased and sorted
122 */
123 public Item(final ArrayType type, final String... values) {
124 this.type = type;
125 this.values = values; // no need to copy here
126 }
127 }
128
129 // Regular expression strings for hostnames (derived from RFC2396 and RFC 1123)
130
131 private static class LazyHolder { // IODH
132
133 /**
134 * Singleton instance of this validator, which
135 * doesn't consider local addresses as valid.
136 */
137 private static final DomainValidator DOMAIN_VALIDATOR = new DomainValidator(false);
138
139 /**
140 * Singleton instance of this validator, which does
141 * consider local addresses valid.
142 */
143 private static final DomainValidator DOMAIN_VALIDATOR_WITH_LOCAL = new DomainValidator(true);
144
145 }
146
147 /** Maximum allowable length ({@value}) of a domain name */
148 private static final int MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH = 253;
149
150 private static final String[] EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY = {};
151
152 private static final long serialVersionUID = -4407125112880174009L;
153
154 // RFC2396: domainlabel = alphanum | alphanum *( alphanum | "-" ) alphanum
155 // Max 63 characters
156 private static final String DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX = "\\p{Alnum}(?>[\\p{Alnum}-]{0,61}\\p{Alnum})?";
157
158 // RFC2396 toplabel = alpha | alpha *( alphanum | "-" ) alphanum
159 // Max 63 characters
160 private static final String TOP_LABEL_REGEX = "\\p{Alpha}(?>[\\p{Alnum}-]{0,61}\\p{Alnum})?";
161
162 /**
163 * The above instances must only be returned via the getInstance() methods.
164 * This is to ensure that the override data arrays are properly protected.
165 */
166
167 // RFC2396 hostname = *( domainlabel "." ) toplabel [ "." ]
168 // Note that the regex currently requires both a domain label and a top level label, whereas
169 // the RFC does not. This is because the regex is used to detect if a TLD is present.
170 // If the match fails, input is checked against DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX (hostnameRegex)
171 // RFC1123 sec 2.1 allows hostnames to start with a digit
172 private static final String DOMAIN_NAME_REGEX =
173 "^(?:" + DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX + "\\.)+" + "(" + TOP_LABEL_REGEX + ")\\.?$";
174 private static final String UNEXPECTED_ENUM_VALUE = "Unexpected enum value: ";
175
176 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
177 private static final String[] INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS = {
178 "arpa", // internet infrastructure
179 };
180
181 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
182 private static final String[] GENERIC_TLDS = {
183 // Taken from Version 2023011200, Last Updated Thu Jan 12 07:07:01 2023 UTC
184 "aaa", // aaa American Automobile Association, Inc.
185 "aarp", // aarp AARP
186 "abarth", // abarth Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
187 "abb", // abb ABB Ltd
188 "abbott", // abbott Abbott Laboratories, Inc.
189 "abbvie", // abbvie AbbVie Inc.
190 "abc", // abc Disney Enterprises, Inc.
191 "able", // able Able Inc.
192 "abogado", // abogado Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
193 "abudhabi", // abudhabi Abu Dhabi Systems and Information Centre
194 "academy", // academy Half Oaks, LLC
195 "accenture", // accenture Accenture plc
196 "accountant", // accountant dot Accountant Limited
197 "accountants", // accountants Knob Town, LLC
198 "aco", // aco ACO Severin Ahlmann GmbH & Co. KG
199 // "active", // active The Active Network, Inc
200 "actor", // actor United TLD Holdco Ltd.
201 // "adac", // adac Allgemeiner Deutscher Automobil-Club e.V. (ADAC)
202 "ads", // ads Charleston Road Registry Inc.
203 "adult", // adult ICM Registry AD LLC
204 "aeg", // aeg Aktiebolaget Electrolux
205 "aero", // aero Societe Internationale de Telecommunications Aeronautique (SITA INC USA)
206 "aetna", // aetna Aetna Life Insurance Company
207 // "afamilycompany", // afamilycompany Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
208 "afl", // afl Australian Football League
209 "africa", // africa ZA Central Registry NPC trading as Registry.Africa
210 "agakhan", // agakhan Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation)
211 "agency", // agency Steel Falls, LLC
212 "aig", // aig American International Group, Inc.
213 // "aigo", // aigo aigo Digital Technology Co,Ltd. [Not assigned as of Jul 25]
214 "airbus", // airbus Airbus S.A.S.
215 "airforce", // airforce United TLD Holdco Ltd.
216 "airtel", // airtel Bharti Airtel Limited
217 "akdn", // akdn Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation)
218 "alfaromeo", // alfaromeo Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
219 "alibaba", // alibaba Alibaba Group Holding Limited
220 "alipay", // alipay Alibaba Group Holding Limited
221 "allfinanz", // allfinanz Allfinanz Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft
222 "allstate", // allstate Allstate Fire and Casualty Insurance Company
223 "ally", // ally Ally Financial Inc.
224 "alsace", // alsace REGION D ALSACE
225 "alstom", // alstom ALSTOM
226 "amazon", // amazon Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
227 "americanexpress", // americanexpress American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.
228 "americanfamily", // americanfamily AmFam, Inc.
229 "amex", // amex American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.
230 "amfam", // amfam AmFam, Inc.
231 "amica", // amica Amica Mutual Insurance Company
232 "amsterdam", // amsterdam Gemeente Amsterdam
233 "analytics", // analytics Campus IP LLC
234 "android", // android Charleston Road Registry Inc.
235 "anquan", // anquan QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.
236 "anz", // anz Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited
237 "aol", // aol AOL Inc.
238 "apartments", // apartments June Maple, LLC
239 "app", // app Charleston Road Registry Inc.
240 "apple", // apple Apple Inc.
241 "aquarelle", // aquarelle Aquarelle.com
242 "arab", // arab League of Arab States
243 "aramco", // aramco Aramco Services Company
244 "archi", // archi STARTING DOT LIMITED
245 "army", // army United TLD Holdco Ltd.
246 "art", // art UK Creative Ideas Limited
247 "arte", // arte Association Relative à la Télévision Européenne G.E.I.E.
248 "asda", // asda Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
249 "asia", // asia DotAsia Organisation Ltd.
250 "associates", // associates Baxter Hill, LLC
251 "athleta", // athleta The Gap, Inc.
252 "attorney", // attorney United TLD Holdco, Ltd
253 "auction", // auction United TLD HoldCo, Ltd.
254 "audi", // audi AUDI Aktiengesellschaft
255 "audible", // audible Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
256 "audio", // audio Uniregistry, Corp.
257 "auspost", // auspost Australian Postal Corporation
258 "author", // author Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
259 "auto", // auto Uniregistry, Corp.
260 "autos", // autos DERAutos, LLC
261 "avianca", // avianca Aerovias del Continente Americano S.A. Avianca
262 "aws", // aws Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
263 "axa", // axa AXA SA
264 "azure", // azure Microsoft Corporation
265 "baby", // baby Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc.
266 "baidu", // baidu Baidu, Inc.
267 "banamex", // banamex Citigroup Inc.
268 "bananarepublic", // bananarepublic The Gap, Inc.
269 "band", // band United TLD Holdco, Ltd
270 "bank", // bank fTLD Registry Services, LLC
271 "bar", // bar Punto 2012 Sociedad Anonima Promotora de Inversion de Capital Variable
272 "barcelona", // barcelona Municipi de Barcelona
273 "barclaycard", // barclaycard Barclays Bank PLC
274 "barclays", // barclays Barclays Bank PLC
275 "barefoot", // barefoot Gallo Vineyards, Inc.
276 "bargains", // bargains Half Hallow, LLC
277 "baseball", // baseball MLB Advanced Media DH, LLC
278 "basketball", // basketball Fédération Internationale de Basketball (FIBA)
279 "bauhaus", // bauhaus Werkhaus GmbH
280 "bayern", // bayern Bayern Connect GmbH
281 "bbc", // bbc British Broadcasting Corporation
282 "bbt", // bbt BB&T Corporation
283 "bbva", // bbva BANCO BILBAO VIZCAYA ARGENTARIA, S.A.
284 "bcg", // bcg The Boston Consulting Group, Inc.
285 "bcn", // bcn Municipi de Barcelona
286 "beats", // beats Beats Electronics, LLC
287 "beauty", // beauty L'Oréal
288 "beer", // beer Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
289 "bentley", // bentley Bentley Motors Limited
290 "berlin", // berlin dotBERLIN GmbH & Co. KG
291 "best", // best BestTLD Pty Ltd
292 "bestbuy", // bestbuy BBY Solutions, Inc.
293 "bet", // bet Afilias plc
294 "bharti", // bharti Bharti Enterprises (Holding) Private Limited
295 "bible", // bible American Bible Society
296 "bid", // bid dot Bid Limited
297 "bike", // bike Grand Hollow, LLC
298 "bing", // bing Microsoft Corporation
299 "bingo", // bingo Sand Cedar, LLC
300 "bio", // bio STARTING DOT LIMITED
301 "biz", // biz Neustar, Inc.
302 "black", // black Afilias Limited
303 "blackfriday", // blackfriday Uniregistry, Corp.
304 // "blanco", // blanco BLANCO GmbH + Co KG
305 "blockbuster", // blockbuster Dish DBS Corporation
306 "blog", // blog Knock Knock WHOIS There, LLC
307 "bloomberg", // bloomberg Bloomberg IP Holdings LLC
308 "blue", // blue Afilias Limited
309 "bms", // bms Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
310 "bmw", // bmw Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft
311 // "bnl", // bnl Banca Nazionale del Lavoro
312 "bnpparibas", // bnpparibas BNP Paribas
313 "boats", // boats DERBoats, LLC
314 "boehringer", // boehringer Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH
315 "bofa", // bofa NMS Services, Inc.
316 "bom", // bom Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br
317 "bond", // bond Bond University Limited
318 "boo", // boo Charleston Road Registry Inc.
319 "book", // book Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
320 "booking", // booking Booking.com B.V.
321 // "boots", // boots THE BOOTS COMPANY PLC
322 "bosch", // bosch Robert Bosch GMBH
323 "bostik", // bostik Bostik SA
324 "boston", // boston Boston TLD Management, LLC
325 "bot", // bot Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
326 "boutique", // boutique Over Galley, LLC
327 "box", // box NS1 Limited
328 "bradesco", // bradesco Banco Bradesco S.A.
329 "bridgestone", // bridgestone Bridgestone Corporation
330 "broadway", // broadway Celebrate Broadway, Inc.
331 "broker", // broker DOTBROKER REGISTRY LTD
332 "brother", // brother Brother Industries, Ltd.
333 "brussels", // brussels DNS.be vzw
334 // "budapest", // budapest Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
335 // "bugatti", // bugatti Bugatti International SA
336 "build", // build Plan Bee LLC
337 "builders", // builders Atomic Madison, LLC
338 "business", // business Spring Cross, LLC
339 "buy", // buy Amazon Registry Services, INC
340 "buzz", // buzz DOTSTRATEGY CO.
341 "bzh", // bzh Association www.bzh
342 "cab", // cab Half Sunset, LLC
343 "cafe", // cafe Pioneer Canyon, LLC
344 "cal", // cal Charleston Road Registry Inc.
345 "call", // call Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
346 "calvinklein", // calvinklein PVH gTLD Holdings LLC
347 "cam", // cam AC Webconnecting Holding B.V.
348 "camera", // camera Atomic Maple, LLC
349 "camp", // camp Delta Dynamite, LLC
350 // "cancerresearch", // cancerresearch Australian Cancer Research Foundation
351 "canon", // canon Canon Inc.
352 "capetown", // capetown ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry
353 "capital", // capital Delta Mill, LLC
354 "capitalone", // capitalone Capital One Financial Corporation
355 "car", // car Cars Registry Limited
356 "caravan", // caravan Caravan International, Inc.
357 "cards", // cards Foggy Hollow, LLC
358 "care", // care Goose Cross, LLC
359 "career", // career dotCareer LLC
360 "careers", // careers Wild Corner, LLC
361 "cars", // cars Uniregistry, Corp.
362 // "cartier", // cartier Richemont DNS Inc.
363 "casa", // casa Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
364 "case", // case CNH Industrial N.V.
365 // "caseih", // caseih CNH Industrial N.V.
366 "cash", // cash Delta Lake, LLC
367 "casino", // casino Binky Sky, LLC
368 "cat", // cat Fundacio puntCAT
369 "catering", // catering New Falls. LLC
370 "catholic", // catholic Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication)
371 "cba", // cba COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA
372 "cbn", // cbn The Christian Broadcasting Network, Inc.
373 "cbre", // cbre CBRE, Inc.
374 "cbs", // cbs CBS Domains Inc.
375 // "ceb", // ceb The Corporate Executive Board Company
376 "center", // center Tin Mill, LLC
377 "ceo", // ceo CEOTLD Pty Ltd
378 "cern", // cern European Organization for Nuclear Research ("CERN")
379 "cfa", // cfa CFA Institute
380 "cfd", // cfd DOTCFD REGISTRY LTD
381 "chanel", // chanel Chanel International B.V.
382 "channel", // channel Charleston Road Registry Inc.
383 "charity", // charity Corn Lake, LLC
384 "chase", // chase JPMorgan Chase & Co.
385 "chat", // chat Sand Fields, LLC
386 "cheap", // cheap Sand Cover, LLC
387 "chintai", // chintai CHINTAI Corporation
388 // "chloe", // chloe Richemont DNS Inc. (Not assigned)
389 "christmas", // christmas Uniregistry, Corp.
390 "chrome", // chrome Charleston Road Registry Inc.
391 // "chrysler", // chrysler FCA US LLC.
392 "church", // church Holly Fileds, LLC
393 "cipriani", // cipriani Hotel Cipriani Srl
394 "circle", // circle Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
395 "cisco", // cisco Cisco Technology, Inc.
396 "citadel", // citadel Citadel Domain LLC
397 "citi", // citi Citigroup Inc.
398 "citic", // citic CITIC Group Corporation
399 "city", // city Snow Sky, LLC
400 "cityeats", // cityeats Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
401 "claims", // claims Black Corner, LLC
402 "cleaning", // cleaning Fox Shadow, LLC
403 "click", // click Uniregistry, Corp.
404 "clinic", // clinic Goose Park, LLC
405 "clinique", // clinique The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.
406 "clothing", // clothing Steel Lake, LLC
407 "cloud", // cloud ARUBA S.p.A.
408 "club", // club .CLUB DOMAINS, LLC
409 "clubmed", // clubmed Club Méditerranée S.A.
410 "coach", // coach Koko Island, LLC
411 "codes", // codes Puff Willow, LLC
412 "coffee", // coffee Trixy Cover, LLC
413 "college", // college XYZ.COM LLC
414 "cologne", // cologne NetCologne Gesellschaft für Telekommunikation mbH
415 "com", // com VeriSign Global Registry Services
416 "comcast", // comcast Comcast IP Holdings I, LLC
417 "commbank", // commbank COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA
418 "community", // community Fox Orchard, LLC
419 "company", // company Silver Avenue, LLC
420 "compare", // compare iSelect Ltd
421 "computer", // computer Pine Mill, LLC
422 "comsec", // comsec VeriSign, Inc.
423 "condos", // condos Pine House, LLC
424 "construction", // construction Fox Dynamite, LLC
425 "consulting", // consulting United TLD Holdco, LTD.
426 "contact", // contact Top Level Spectrum, Inc.
427 "contractors", // contractors Magic Woods, LLC
428 "cooking", // cooking Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
429 "cookingchannel", // cookingchannel Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
430 "cool", // cool Koko Lake, LLC
431 "coop", // coop DotCooperation LLC
432 "corsica", // corsica Collectivité Territoriale de Corse
433 "country", // country Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
434 "coupon", // coupon Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
435 "coupons", // coupons Black Island, LLC
436 "courses", // courses OPEN UNIVERSITIES AUSTRALIA PTY LTD
437 "cpa", // cpa American Institute of Certified Public Accountants
438 "credit", // credit Snow Shadow, LLC
439 "creditcard", // creditcard Binky Frostbite, LLC
440 "creditunion", // creditunion CUNA Performance Resources, LLC
441 "cricket", // cricket dot Cricket Limited
442 "crown", // crown Crown Equipment Corporation
443 "crs", // crs Federated Co-operatives Limited
444 "cruise", // cruise Viking River Cruises (Bermuda) Ltd.
445 "cruises", // cruises Spring Way, LLC
446 // "csc", // csc Alliance-One Services, Inc.
447 "cuisinella", // cuisinella SALM S.A.S.
448 "cymru", // cymru Nominet UK
449 "cyou", // cyou Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd.
450 "dabur", // dabur Dabur India Limited
451 "dad", // dad Charleston Road Registry Inc.
452 "dance", // dance United TLD Holdco Ltd.
453 "data", // data Dish DBS Corporation
454 "date", // date dot Date Limited
455 "dating", // dating Pine Fest, LLC
456 "datsun", // datsun NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD.
457 "day", // day Charleston Road Registry Inc.
458 "dclk", // dclk Charleston Road Registry Inc.
459 "dds", // dds Minds + Machines Group Limited
460 "deal", // deal Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
461 "dealer", // dealer Dealer Dot Com, Inc.
462 "deals", // deals Sand Sunset, LLC
463 "degree", // degree United TLD Holdco, Ltd
464 "delivery", // delivery Steel Station, LLC
465 "dell", // dell Dell Inc.
466 "deloitte", // deloitte Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu
467 "delta", // delta Delta Air Lines, Inc.
468 "democrat", // democrat United TLD Holdco Ltd.
469 "dental", // dental Tin Birch, LLC
470 "dentist", // dentist United TLD Holdco, Ltd
471 "desi", // desi Desi Networks LLC
472 "design", // design Top Level Design, LLC
473 "dev", // dev Charleston Road Registry Inc.
474 "dhl", // dhl Deutsche Post AG
475 "diamonds", // diamonds John Edge, LLC
476 "diet", // diet Uniregistry, Corp.
477 "digital", // digital Dash Park, LLC
478 "direct", // direct Half Trail, LLC
479 "directory", // directory Extra Madison, LLC
480 "discount", // discount Holly Hill, LLC
481 "discover", // discover Discover Financial Services
482 "dish", // dish Dish DBS Corporation
483 "diy", // diy Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
484 "dnp", // dnp Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd.
485 "docs", // docs Charleston Road Registry Inc.
486 "doctor", // doctor Brice Trail, LLC
487 // "dodge", // dodge FCA US LLC.
488 "dog", // dog Koko Mill, LLC
489 // "doha", // doha Communications Regulatory Authority (CRA)
490 "domains", // domains Sugar Cross, LLC
491 // "doosan", // doosan Doosan Corporation (retired)
492 "dot", // dot Dish DBS Corporation
493 "download", // download dot Support Limited
494 "drive", // drive Charleston Road Registry Inc.
495 "dtv", // dtv Dish DBS Corporation
496 "dubai", // dubai Dubai Smart Government Department
497 // "duck", // duck Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
498 "dunlop", // dunlop The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company
499 // "duns", // duns The Dun & Bradstreet Corporation
500 "dupont", // dupont E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company
501 "durban", // durban ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry
502 "dvag", // dvag Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG
503 "dvr", // dvr Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation
504 "earth", // earth Interlink Co., Ltd.
505 "eat", // eat Charleston Road Registry Inc.
506 "eco", // eco Big Room Inc.
507 "edeka", // edeka EDEKA Verband kaufmännischer Genossenschaften e.V.
508 "edu", // edu EDUCAUSE
509 "education", // education Brice Way, LLC
510 "email", // email Spring Madison, LLC
511 "emerck", // emerck Merck KGaA
512 "energy", // energy Binky Birch, LLC
513 "engineer", // engineer United TLD Holdco Ltd.
514 "engineering", // engineering Romeo Canyon
515 "enterprises", // enterprises Snow Oaks, LLC
516 // "epost", // epost Deutsche Post AG
517 "epson", // epson Seiko Epson Corporation
518 "equipment", // equipment Corn Station, LLC
519 "ericsson", // ericsson Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson
520 "erni", // erni ERNI Group Holding AG
521 "esq", // esq Charleston Road Registry Inc.
522 "estate", // estate Trixy Park, LLC
523 // "esurance", // esurance Esurance Insurance Company (not assigned as at Version 2020062100)
524 "etisalat", // etisalat Emirates Telecommunic
525 "eurovision", // eurovision European Broadcasting Union (EBU)
526 "eus", // eus Puntueus Fundazioa
527 "events", // events Pioneer Maple, LLC
528 // "everbank", // everbank EverBank
529 "exchange", // exchange Spring Falls, LLC
530 "expert", // expert Magic Pass, LLC
531 "exposed", // exposed Victor Beach, LLC
532 "express", // express Sea Sunset, LLC
533 "extraspace", // extraspace Extra Space Storage LLC
534 "fage", // fage Fage International S.A.
535 "fail", // fail Atomic Pipe, LLC
536 "fairwinds", // fairwinds FairWinds Partners, LLC
537 "faith", // faith dot Faith Limited
538 "family", // family United TLD Holdco Ltd.
539 "fan", // fan Asiamix Digital Ltd
540 "fans", // fans Asiamix Digital Limited
541 "farm", // farm Just Maple, LLC
542 "farmers", // farmers Farmers Insurance Exchange
543 "fashion", // fashion Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
544 "fast", // fast Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
545 "fedex", // fedex Federal Express Corporation
546 "feedback", // feedback Top Level Spectrum, Inc.
547 "ferrari", // ferrari Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
548 "ferrero", // ferrero Ferrero Trading Lux S.A.
549 "fiat", // fiat Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
550 "fidelity", // fidelity Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC
551 "fido", // fido Rogers Communications Canada Inc.
552 "film", // film Motion Picture Domain Registry Pty Ltd
553 "final", // final Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br
554 "finance", // finance Cotton Cypress, LLC
555 "financial", // financial Just Cover, LLC
556 "fire", // fire Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
557 "firestone", // firestone Bridgestone Corporation
558 "firmdale", // firmdale Firmdale Holdings Limited
559 "fish", // fish Fox Woods, LLC
560 "fishing", // fishing Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
561 "fit", // fit Minds + Machines Group Limited
562 "fitness", // fitness Brice Orchard, LLC
563 "flickr", // flickr Yahoo! Domain Services Inc.
564 "flights", // flights Fox Station, LLC
565 "flir", // flir FLIR Systems, Inc.
566 "florist", // florist Half Cypress, LLC
567 "flowers", // flowers Uniregistry, Corp.
568 // "flsmidth", // flsmidth FLSmidth A/S retired 2016-07-22
569 "fly", // fly Charleston Road Registry Inc.
570 "foo", // foo Charleston Road Registry Inc.
571 "food", // food Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
572 "foodnetwork", // foodnetwork Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
573 "football", // football Foggy Farms, LLC
574 "ford", // ford Ford Motor Company
575 "forex", // forex DOTFOREX REGISTRY LTD
576 "forsale", // forsale United TLD Holdco, LLC
577 "forum", // forum Fegistry, LLC
578 "foundation", // foundation John Dale, LLC
579 "fox", // fox FOX Registry, LLC
580 "free", // free Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
581 "fresenius", // fresenius Fresenius Immobilien-Verwaltungs-GmbH
582 "frl", // frl FRLregistry B.V.
583 "frogans", // frogans OP3FT
584 "frontdoor", // frontdoor Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
585 "frontier", // frontier Frontier Communications Corporation
586 "ftr", // ftr Frontier Communications Corporation
587 "fujitsu", // fujitsu Fujitsu Limited
588 // "fujixerox", // fujixerox Xerox DNHC LLC
589 "fun", // fun DotSpace, Inc.
590 "fund", // fund John Castle, LLC
591 "furniture", // furniture Lone Fields, LLC
592 "futbol", // futbol United TLD Holdco, Ltd.
593 "fyi", // fyi Silver Tigers, LLC
594 "gal", // gal Asociación puntoGAL
595 "gallery", // gallery Sugar House, LLC
596 "gallo", // gallo Gallo Vineyards, Inc.
597 "gallup", // gallup Gallup, Inc.
598 "game", // game Uniregistry, Corp.
599 "games", // games United TLD Holdco Ltd.
600 "gap", // gap The Gap, Inc.
601 "garden", // garden Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
602 "gay", // gay Top Level Design, LLC
603 "gbiz", // gbiz Charleston Road Registry Inc.
604 "gdn", // gdn Joint Stock Company "Navigation-information systems"
605 "gea", // gea GEA Group Aktiengesellschaft
606 "gent", // gent COMBELL GROUP NV/SA
607 "genting", // genting Resorts World Inc. Pte. Ltd.
608 "george", // george Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
609 "ggee", // ggee GMO Internet, Inc.
610 "gift", // gift Uniregistry, Corp.
611 "gifts", // gifts Goose Sky, LLC
612 "gives", // gives United TLD Holdco Ltd.
613 "giving", // giving Giving Limited
614 // "glade", // glade Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
615 "glass", // glass Black Cover, LLC
616 "gle", // gle Charleston Road Registry Inc.
617 "global", // global Dot Global Domain Registry Limited
618 "globo", // globo Globo Comunicação e Participações S.A
619 "gmail", // gmail Charleston Road Registry Inc.
620 "gmbh", // gmbh Extra Dynamite, LLC
621 "gmo", // gmo GMO Internet, Inc.
622 "gmx", // gmx 1&1 Mail & Media GmbH
623 "godaddy", // godaddy Go Daddy East, LLC
624 "gold", // gold June Edge, LLC
625 "goldpoint", // goldpoint YODOBASHI CAMERA CO.,LTD.
626 "golf", // golf Lone Falls, LLC
627 "goo", // goo NTT Resonant Inc.
628 // "goodhands", // goodhands Allstate Fire and Casualty Insurance Company
629 "goodyear", // goodyear The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company
630 "goog", // goog Charleston Road Registry Inc.
631 "google", // google Charleston Road Registry Inc.
632 "gop", // gop Republican State Leadership Committee, Inc.
633 "got", // got Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
634 "gov", // gov General Services Administration Attn: QTDC, 2E08 (.gov Domain Registration)
635 "grainger", // grainger Grainger Registry Services, LLC
636 "graphics", // graphics Over Madison, LLC
637 "gratis", // gratis Pioneer Tigers, LLC
638 "green", // green Afilias Limited
639 "gripe", // gripe Corn Sunset, LLC
640 "grocery", // grocery Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
641 "group", // group Romeo Town, LLC
642 "guardian", // guardian The Guardian Life Insurance Company of America
643 "gucci", // gucci Guccio Gucci S.p.a.
644 "guge", // guge Charleston Road Registry Inc.
645 "guide", // guide Snow Moon, LLC
646 "guitars", // guitars Uniregistry, Corp.
647 "guru", // guru Pioneer Cypress, LLC
648 "hair", // hair L'Oreal
649 "hamburg", // hamburg Hamburg Top-Level-Domain GmbH
650 "hangout", // hangout Charleston Road Registry Inc.
651 "haus", // haus United TLD Holdco, LTD.
652 "hbo", // hbo HBO Registry Services, Inc.
653 "hdfc", // hdfc HOUSING DEVELOPMENT FINANCE CORPORATION LIMITED
654 "hdfcbank", // hdfcbank HDFC Bank Limited
655 "health", // health DotHealth, LLC
656 "healthcare", // healthcare Silver Glen, LLC
657 "help", // help Uniregistry, Corp.
658 "helsinki", // helsinki City of Helsinki
659 "here", // here Charleston Road Registry Inc.
660 "hermes", // hermes Hermes International
661 "hgtv", // hgtv Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
662 "hiphop", // hiphop Uniregistry, Corp.
663 "hisamitsu", // hisamitsu Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical Co.,Inc.
664 "hitachi", // hitachi Hitachi, Ltd.
665 "hiv", // hiv dotHIV gemeinnuetziger e.V.
666 "hkt", // hkt PCCW-HKT DataCom Services Limited
667 "hockey", // hockey Half Willow, LLC
668 "holdings", // holdings John Madison, LLC
669 "holiday", // holiday Goose Woods, LLC
670 "homedepot", // homedepot Homer TLC, Inc.
671 "homegoods", // homegoods The TJX Companies, Inc.
672 "homes", // homes DERHomes, LLC
673 "homesense", // homesense The TJX Companies, Inc.
674 "honda", // honda Honda Motor Co., Ltd.
675 // "honeywell", // honeywell Honeywell GTLD LLC
676 "horse", // horse Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
677 "hospital", // hospital Ruby Pike, LLC
678 "host", // host DotHost Inc.
679 "hosting", // hosting Uniregistry, Corp.
680 "hot", // hot Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
681 "hoteles", // hoteles Travel Reservations SRL
682 "hotels", // hotels Booking.com B.V.
683 "hotmail", // hotmail Microsoft Corporation
684 "house", // house Sugar Park, LLC
685 "how", // how Charleston Road Registry Inc.
686 "hsbc", // hsbc HSBC Holdings PLC
687 // "htc", // htc HTC corporation (Not assigned)
688 "hughes", // hughes Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation
689 "hyatt", // hyatt Hyatt GTLD, L.L.C.
690 "hyundai", // hyundai Hyundai Motor Company
691 "ibm", // ibm International Business Machines Corporation
692 "icbc", // icbc Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited
693 "ice", // ice IntercontinentalExchange, Inc.
694 "icu", // icu One.com A/S
695 "ieee", // ieee IEEE Global LLC
696 "ifm", // ifm ifm electronic gmbh
697 // "iinet", // iinet Connect West Pty. Ltd. (Retired)
698 "ikano", // ikano Ikano S.A.
699 "imamat", // imamat Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation)
700 "imdb", // imdb Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
701 "immo", // immo Auburn Bloom, LLC
702 "immobilien", // immobilien United TLD Holdco Ltd.
703 "inc", // inc Intercap Holdings Inc.
704 "industries", // industries Outer House, LLC
705 "infiniti", // infiniti NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD.
706 "info", // info Afilias Limited
707 "ing", // ing Charleston Road Registry Inc.
708 "ink", // ink Top Level Design, LLC
709 "institute", // institute Outer Maple, LLC
710 "insurance", // insurance fTLD Registry Services LLC
711 "insure", // insure Pioneer Willow, LLC
712 "int", // int Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
713 // "intel", // intel Intel Corporation
714 "international", // international Wild Way, LLC
715 "intuit", // intuit Intuit Administrative Services, Inc.
716 "investments", // investments Holly Glen, LLC
717 "ipiranga", // ipiranga Ipiranga Produtos de Petroleo S.A.
718 "irish", // irish Dot-Irish LLC
719 // "iselect", // iselect iSelect Ltd
720 "ismaili", // ismaili Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation)
721 "ist", // ist Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality
722 "istanbul", // istanbul Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality / Medya A.S.
723 "itau", // itau Itau Unibanco Holding S.A.
724 "itv", // itv ITV Services Limited
725 // "iveco", // iveco CNH Industrial N.V.
726 // "iwc", // iwc Richemont DNS Inc.
727 "jaguar", // jaguar Jaguar Land Rover Ltd
728 "java", // java Oracle Corporation
729 "jcb", // jcb JCB Co., Ltd.
730 // "jcp", // jcp JCP Media, Inc.
731 "jeep", // jeep FCA US LLC.
732 "jetzt", // jetzt New TLD Company AB
733 "jewelry", // jewelry Wild Bloom, LLC
734 "jio", // jio Affinity Names, Inc.
735 // "jlc", // jlc Richemont DNS Inc.
736 "jll", // jll Jones Lang LaSalle Incorporated
737 "jmp", // jmp Matrix IP LLC
738 "jnj", // jnj Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc.
739 "jobs", // jobs Employ Media LLC
740 "joburg", // joburg ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry
741 "jot", // jot Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
742 "joy", // joy Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
743 "jpmorgan", // jpmorgan JPMorgan Chase & Co.
744 "jprs", // jprs Japan Registry Services Co., Ltd.
745 "juegos", // juegos Uniregistry, Corp.
746 "juniper", // juniper JUNIPER NETWORKS, INC.
747 "kaufen", // kaufen United TLD Holdco Ltd.
748 "kddi", // kddi KDDI CORPORATION
749 "kerryhotels", // kerryhotels Kerry Trading Co. Limited
750 "kerrylogistics", // kerrylogistics Kerry Trading Co. Limited
751 "kerryproperties", // kerryproperties Kerry Trading Co. Limited
752 "kfh", // kfh Kuwait Finance House
753 "kia", // kia KIA MOTORS CORPORATION
754 "kids", // kids DotKids Foundation Limited
755 "kim", // kim Afilias Limited
756 "kinder", // kinder Ferrero Trading Lux S.A.
757 "kindle", // kindle Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
758 "kitchen", // kitchen Just Goodbye, LLC
759 "kiwi", // kiwi DOT KIWI LIMITED
760 "koeln", // koeln NetCologne Gesellschaft für Telekommunikation mbH
761 "komatsu", // komatsu Komatsu Ltd.
762 "kosher", // kosher Kosher Marketing Assets LLC
763 "kpmg", // kpmg KPMG International Cooperative (KPMG International Genossenschaft)
764 "kpn", // kpn Koninklijke KPN N.V.
765 "krd", // krd KRG Department of Information Technology
766 "kred", // kred KredTLD Pty Ltd
767 "kuokgroup", // kuokgroup Kerry Trading Co. Limited
768 "kyoto", // kyoto Academic Institution: Kyoto Jyoho Gakuen
769 "lacaixa", // lacaixa CAIXA D'ESTALVIS I PENSIONS DE BARCELONA
770 // "ladbrokes", // ladbrokes LADBROKES INTERNATIONAL PLC
771 "lamborghini", // lamborghini Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A.
772 "lamer", // lamer The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.
773 "lancaster", // lancaster LANCASTER
774 "lancia", // lancia Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
775 // "lancome", // lancome L'Oréal
776 "land", // land Pine Moon, LLC
777 "landrover", // landrover Jaguar Land Rover Ltd
778 "lanxess", // lanxess LANXESS Corporation
779 "lasalle", // lasalle Jones Lang LaSalle Incorporated
780 "lat", // lat ECOM-LAC Federación de Latinoamérica y el Caribe para Internet y el Comercio Electrónico
781 "latino", // latino Dish DBS Corporation
782 "latrobe", // latrobe La Trobe University
783 "law", // law Minds + Machines Group Limited
784 "lawyer", // lawyer United TLD Holdco, Ltd
785 "lds", // lds IRI Domain Management, LLC
786 "lease", // lease Victor Trail, LLC
787 "leclerc", // leclerc A.C.D. LEC Association des Centres Distributeurs Edouard Leclerc
788 "lefrak", // lefrak LeFrak Organization, Inc.
789 "legal", // legal Blue Falls, LLC
790 "lego", // lego LEGO Juris A/S
791 "lexus", // lexus TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION
792 "lgbt", // lgbt Afilias Limited
793 // "liaison", // liaison Liaison Technologies, Incorporated
794 "lidl", // lidl Schwarz Domains und Services GmbH & Co. KG
795 "life", // life Trixy Oaks, LLC
796 "lifeinsurance", // lifeinsurance American Council of Life Insurers
797 "lifestyle", // lifestyle Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
798 "lighting", // lighting John McCook, LLC
799 "like", // like Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
800 "lilly", // lilly Eli Lilly and Company
801 "limited", // limited Big Fest, LLC
802 "limo", // limo Hidden Frostbite, LLC
803 "lincoln", // lincoln Ford Motor Company
804 "linde", // linde Linde Aktiengesellschaft
805 "link", // link Uniregistry, Corp.
806 "lipsy", // lipsy Lipsy Ltd
807 "live", // live United TLD Holdco Ltd.
808 "living", // living Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
809 // "lixil", // lixil LIXIL Group Corporation
810 "llc", // llc Afilias plc
811 "llp", // llp Dot Registry LLC
812 "loan", // loan dot Loan Limited
813 "loans", // loans June Woods, LLC
814 "locker", // locker Dish DBS Corporation
815 "locus", // locus Locus Analytics LLC
816 // "loft", // loft Annco, Inc.
817 "lol", // lol Uniregistry, Corp.
818 "london", // london Dot London Domains Limited
819 "lotte", // lotte Lotte Holdings Co., Ltd.
820 "lotto", // lotto Afilias Limited
821 "love", // love Merchant Law Group LLP
822 "lpl", // lpl LPL Holdings, Inc.
823 "lplfinancial", // lplfinancial LPL Holdings, Inc.
824 "ltd", // ltd Over Corner, LLC
825 "ltda", // ltda InterNetX Corp.
826 "lundbeck", // lundbeck H. Lundbeck A/S
827 // "lupin", // lupin LUPIN LIMITED
828 "luxe", // luxe Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
829 "luxury", // luxury Luxury Partners LLC
830 "macys", // macys Macys, Inc.
831 "madrid", // madrid Comunidad de Madrid
832 "maif", // maif Mutuelle Assurance Instituteur France (MAIF)
833 "maison", // maison Victor Frostbite, LLC
834 "makeup", // makeup L'Oréal
835 "man", // man MAN SE
836 "management", // management John Goodbye, LLC
837 "mango", // mango PUNTO FA S.L.
838 "map", // map Charleston Road Registry Inc.
839 "market", // market Unitied TLD Holdco, Ltd
840 "marketing", // marketing Fern Pass, LLC
841 "markets", // markets DOTMARKETS REGISTRY LTD
842 "marriott", // marriott Marriott Worldwide Corporation
843 "marshalls", // marshalls The TJX Companies, Inc.
844 "maserati", // maserati Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
845 "mattel", // mattel Mattel Sites, Inc.
846 "mba", // mba Lone Hollow, LLC
847 // "mcd", // mcd McDonald’s Corporation (Not assigned)
848 // "mcdonalds", // mcdonalds McDonald’s Corporation (Not assigned)
849 "mckinsey", // mckinsey McKinsey Holdings, Inc.
850 "med", // med Medistry LLC
851 "media", // media Grand Glen, LLC
852 "meet", // meet Afilias Limited
853 "melbourne", // melbourne The Crown in right of the State of Victoria, represented by its Department of State Development, Business and Innovation
854 "meme", // meme Charleston Road Registry Inc.
855 "memorial", // memorial Dog Beach, LLC
856 "men", // men Exclusive Registry Limited
857 "menu", // menu Wedding TLD2, LLC
858 // "meo", // meo PT Comunicacoes S.A.
859 "merckmsd", // merckmsd MSD Registry Holdings, Inc.
860 // "metlife", // metlife MetLife Services and Solutions, LLC
861 "miami", // miami Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
862 "microsoft", // microsoft Microsoft Corporation
863 "mil", // mil DoD Network Information Center
864 "mini", // mini Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft
865 "mint", // mint Intuit Administrative Services, Inc.
866 "mit", // mit Massachusetts Institute of Technology
867 "mitsubishi", // mitsubishi Mitsubishi Corporation
868 "mlb", // mlb MLB Advanced Media DH, LLC
869 "mls", // mls The Canadian Real Estate Association
870 "mma", // mma MMA IARD
871 "mobi", // mobi Afilias Technologies Limited dba dotMobi
872 "mobile", // mobile Dish DBS Corporation
873 // "mobily", // mobily GreenTech Consultancy Company W.L.L.
874 "moda", // moda United TLD Holdco Ltd.
875 "moe", // moe Interlink Co., Ltd.
876 "moi", // moi Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
877 "mom", // mom Uniregistry, Corp.
878 "monash", // monash Monash University
879 "money", // money Outer McCook, LLC
880 "monster", // monster Monster Worldwide, Inc.
881 // "montblanc", // montblanc Richemont DNS Inc. (Not assigned)
882 // "mopar", // mopar FCA US LLC.
883 "mormon", // mormon IRI Domain Management, LLC ("Applicant")
884 "mortgage", // mortgage United TLD Holdco, Ltd
885 "moscow", // moscow Foundation for Assistance for Internet Technologies and Infrastructure Development (FAITID)
886 "moto", // moto Motorola Trademark Holdings, LLC
887 "motorcycles", // motorcycles DERMotorcycles, LLC
888 "mov", // mov Charleston Road Registry Inc.
889 "movie", // movie New Frostbite, LLC
890 // "movistar", // movistar Telefónica S.A.
891 "msd", // msd MSD Registry Holdings, Inc.
892 "mtn", // mtn MTN Dubai Limited
893 // "mtpc", // mtpc Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation (Retired)
894 "mtr", // mtr MTR Corporation Limited
895 "museum", // museum Museum Domain Management Association
896 "music", // music DotMusic Limited
897 "mutual", // mutual Northwestern Mutual MU TLD Registry, LLC
898 // "mutuelle", // mutuelle Fédération Nationale de la Mutualité Française (Retired)
899 "nab", // nab National Australia Bank Limited
900 // "nadex", // nadex Nadex Domains, Inc
901 "nagoya", // nagoya GMO Registry, Inc.
902 "name", // name VeriSign Information Services, Inc.
903 // "nationwide", // nationwide Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company
904 "natura", // natura NATURA COSMÉTICOS S.A.
905 "navy", // navy United TLD Holdco Ltd.
906 "nba", // nba NBA REGISTRY, LLC
907 "nec", // nec NEC Corporation
908 "net", // net VeriSign Global Registry Services
909 "netbank", // netbank COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA
910 "netflix", // netflix Netflix, Inc.
911 "network", // network Trixy Manor, LLC
912 "neustar", // neustar NeuStar, Inc.
913 "new", // new Charleston Road Registry Inc.
914 // "newholland", // newholland CNH Industrial N.V.
915 "news", // news United TLD Holdco Ltd.
916 "next", // next Next plc
917 "nextdirect", // nextdirect Next plc
918 "nexus", // nexus Charleston Road Registry Inc.
919 "nfl", // nfl NFL Reg Ops LLC
920 "ngo", // ngo Public Interest Registry
921 "nhk", // nhk Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK)
922 "nico", // nico DWANGO Co., Ltd.
923 "nike", // nike NIKE, Inc.
924 "nikon", // nikon NIKON CORPORATION
925 "ninja", // ninja United TLD Holdco Ltd.
926 "nissan", // nissan NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD.
927 "nissay", // nissay Nippon Life Insurance Company
928 "nokia", // nokia Nokia Corporation
929 "northwesternmutual", // northwesternmutual Northwestern Mutual Registry, LLC
930 "norton", // norton Symantec Corporation
931 "now", // now Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
932 "nowruz", // nowruz Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
933 "nowtv", // nowtv Starbucks (HK) Limited
934 "nra", // nra NRA Holdings Company, INC.
935 "nrw", // nrw Minds + Machines GmbH
936 "ntt", // ntt NIPPON TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE CORPORATION
937 "nyc", // nyc The City of New York by and through the New York City Department of Information Technology & Telecommunications
938 "obi", // obi OBI Group Holding SE & Co. KGaA
939 "observer", // observer Top Level Spectrum, Inc.
940 // "off", // off Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
941 "office", // office Microsoft Corporation
942 "okinawa", // okinawa BusinessRalliart inc.
943 "olayan", // olayan Crescent Holding GmbH
944 "olayangroup", // olayangroup Crescent Holding GmbH
945 "oldnavy", // oldnavy The Gap, Inc.
946 "ollo", // ollo Dish DBS Corporation
947 "omega", // omega The Swatch Group Ltd
948 "one", // one One.com A/S
949 "ong", // ong Public Interest Registry
950 "onl", // onl I-REGISTRY Ltd., Niederlassung Deutschland
951 "online", // online DotOnline Inc.
952 // "onyourside", // onyourside Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company
953 "ooo", // ooo INFIBEAM INCORPORATION LIMITED
954 "open", // open American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.
955 "oracle", // oracle Oracle Corporation
956 "orange", // orange Orange Brand Services Limited
957 "org", // org Public Interest Registry (PIR)
958 "organic", // organic Afilias Limited
959 // "orientexpress", // orientexpress Orient Express (retired 2017-04-11)
960 "origins", // origins The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.
961 "osaka", // osaka Interlink Co., Ltd.
962 "otsuka", // otsuka Otsuka Holdings Co., Ltd.
963 "ott", // ott Dish DBS Corporation
964 "ovh", // ovh OVH SAS
965 "page", // page Charleston Road Registry Inc.
966 // "pamperedchef", // pamperedchef The Pampered Chef, Ltd. (Not assigned)
967 "panasonic", // panasonic Panasonic Corporation
968 // "panerai", // panerai Richemont DNS Inc.
969 "paris", // paris City of Paris
970 "pars", // pars Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
971 "partners", // partners Magic Glen, LLC
972 "parts", // parts Sea Goodbye, LLC
973 "party", // party Blue Sky Registry Limited
974 "passagens", // passagens Travel Reservations SRL
975 "pay", // pay Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
976 "pccw", // pccw PCCW Enterprises Limited
977 "pet", // pet Afilias plc
978 "pfizer", // pfizer Pfizer Inc.
979 "pharmacy", // pharmacy National Association of Boards of Pharmacy
980 "phd", // phd Charleston Road Registry Inc.
981 "philips", // philips Koninklijke Philips N.V.
982 "phone", // phone Dish DBS Corporation
983 "photo", // photo Uniregistry, Corp.
984 "photography", // photography Sugar Glen, LLC
985 "photos", // photos Sea Corner, LLC
986 "physio", // physio PhysBiz Pty Ltd
987 // "piaget", // piaget Richemont DNS Inc.
988 "pics", // pics Uniregistry, Corp.
989 "pictet", // pictet Pictet Europe S.A.
990 "pictures", // pictures Foggy Sky, LLC
991 "pid", // pid Top Level Spectrum, Inc.
992 "pin", // pin Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
993 "ping", // ping Ping Registry Provider, Inc.
994 "pink", // pink Afilias Limited
995 "pioneer", // pioneer Pioneer Corporation
996 "pizza", // pizza Foggy Moon, LLC
997 "place", // place Snow Galley, LLC
998 "play", // play Charleston Road Registry Inc.
999 "playstation", // playstation Sony Computer Entertainment Inc.
1000 "plumbing", // plumbing Spring Tigers, LLC
1001 "plus", // plus Sugar Mill, LLC
1002 "pnc", // pnc PNC Domain Co., LLC
1003 "pohl", // pohl Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG
1004 "poker", // poker Afilias Domains No. 5 Limited
1005 "politie", // politie Politie Nederland
1006 "porn", // porn ICM Registry PN LLC
1007 "post", // post Universal Postal Union
1008 "pramerica", // pramerica Prudential Financial, Inc.
1009 "praxi", // praxi Praxi S.p.A.
1010 "press", // press DotPress Inc.
1011 "prime", // prime Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1012 "pro", // pro Registry Services Corporation dba RegistryPro
1013 "prod", // prod Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1014 "productions", // productions Magic Birch, LLC
1015 "prof", // prof Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1016 "progressive", // progressive Progressive Casualty Insurance Company
1017 "promo", // promo Afilias plc
1018 "properties", // properties Big Pass, LLC
1019 "property", // property Uniregistry, Corp.
1020 "protection", // protection XYZ.COM LLC
1021 "pru", // pru Prudential Financial, Inc.
1022 "prudential", // prudential Prudential Financial, Inc.
1023 "pub", // pub United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1024 "pwc", // pwc PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
1025 "qpon", // qpon dotCOOL, Inc.
1026 "quebec", // quebec PointQuébec Inc
1027 "quest", // quest Quest ION Limited
1028 // "qvc", // qvc QVC, Inc.
1029 "racing", // racing Premier Registry Limited
1030 "radio", // radio European Broadcasting Union (EBU)
1031 // "raid", // raid Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
1032 "read", // read Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1033 "realestate", // realestate dotRealEstate LLC
1034 "realtor", // realtor Real Estate Domains LLC
1035 "realty", // realty Fegistry, LLC
1036 "recipes", // recipes Grand Island, LLC
1037 "red", // red Afilias Limited
1038 "redstone", // redstone Redstone Haute Couture Co., Ltd.
1039 "redumbrella", // redumbrella Travelers TLD, LLC
1040 "rehab", // rehab United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1041 "reise", // reise Foggy Way, LLC
1042 "reisen", // reisen New Cypress, LLC
1043 "reit", // reit National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, Inc.
1044 "reliance", // reliance Reliance Industries Limited
1045 "ren", // ren Beijing Qianxiang Wangjing Technology Development Co., Ltd.
1046 "rent", // rent XYZ.COM LLC
1047 "rentals", // rentals Big Hollow,LLC
1048 "repair", // repair Lone Sunset, LLC
1049 "report", // report Binky Glen, LLC
1050 "republican", // republican United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1051 "rest", // rest Punto 2012 Sociedad Anonima Promotora de Inversion de Capital Variable
1052 "restaurant", // restaurant Snow Avenue, LLC
1053 "review", // review dot Review Limited
1054 "reviews", // reviews United TLD Holdco, Ltd.
1055 "rexroth", // rexroth Robert Bosch GMBH
1056 "rich", // rich I-REGISTRY Ltd., Niederlassung Deutschland
1057 "richardli", // richardli Pacific Century Asset Management (HK) Limited
1058 "ricoh", // ricoh Ricoh Company, Ltd.
1059 // "rightathome", // rightathome Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. (retired 2020-07-31)
1060 "ril", // ril Reliance Industries Limited
1061 "rio", // rio Empresa Municipal de Informática SA - IPLANRIO
1062 "rip", // rip United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1063 // "rmit", // rmit Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology
1064 "rocher", // rocher Ferrero Trading Lux S.A.
1065 "rocks", // rocks United TLD Holdco, LTD.
1066 "rodeo", // rodeo Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1067 "rogers", // rogers Rogers Communications Canada Inc.
1068 "room", // room Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1069 "rsvp", // rsvp Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1070 "rugby", // rugby World Rugby Strategic Developments Limited
1071 "ruhr", // ruhr regiodot GmbH & Co. KG
1072 "run", // run Snow Park, LLC
1073 "rwe", // rwe RWE AG
1074 "ryukyu", // ryukyu BusinessRalliart inc.
1075 "saarland", // saarland dotSaarland GmbH
1076 "safe", // safe Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1077 "safety", // safety Safety Registry Services, LLC.
1078 "sakura", // sakura SAKURA Internet Inc.
1079 "sale", // sale United TLD Holdco, Ltd
1080 "salon", // salon Outer Orchard, LLC
1081 "samsclub", // samsclub Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
1082 "samsung", // samsung SAMSUNG SDS CO., LTD
1083 "sandvik", // sandvik Sandvik AB
1084 "sandvikcoromant", // sandvikcoromant Sandvik AB
1085 "sanofi", // sanofi Sanofi
1086 "sap", // sap SAP AG
1087 // "sapo", // sapo PT Comunicacoes S.A.
1088 "sarl", // sarl Delta Orchard, LLC
1089 "sas", // sas Research IP LLC
1090 "save", // save Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1091 "saxo", // saxo Saxo Bank A/S
1092 "sbi", // sbi STATE BANK OF INDIA
1093 "sbs", // sbs SPECIAL BROADCASTING SERVICE CORPORATION
1094 "sca", // sca SVENSKA CELLULOSA AKTIEBOLAGET SCA (publ)
1095 "scb", // scb The Siam Commercial Bank Public Company Limited ("SCB")
1096 "schaeffler", // schaeffler Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG
1097 "schmidt", // schmidt SALM S.A.S.
1098 "scholarships", // scholarships Scholarships.com, LLC
1099 "school", // school Little Galley, LLC
1100 "schule", // schule Outer Moon, LLC
1101 "schwarz", // schwarz Schwarz Domains und Services GmbH & Co. KG
1102 "science", // science dot Science Limited
1103 // "scjohnson", // scjohnson Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
1104 // "scor", // scor SCOR SE (not assigned as at Version 2020062100)
1105 "scot", // scot Dot Scot Registry Limited
1106 "search", // search Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1107 "seat", // seat SEAT, S.A. (Sociedad Unipersonal)
1108 "secure", // secure Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1109 "security", // security XYZ.COM LLC
1110 "seek", // seek Seek Limited
1111 "select", // select iSelect Ltd
1112 "sener", // sener Sener Ingeniería y Sistemas, S.A.
1113 "services", // services Fox Castle, LLC
1114 // "ses", // ses SES
1115 "seven", // seven Seven West Media Ltd
1116 "sew", // sew SEW-EURODRIVE GmbH & Co KG
1117 "sex", // sex ICM Registry SX LLC
1118 "sexy", // sexy Uniregistry, Corp.
1119 "sfr", // sfr Societe Francaise du Radiotelephone - SFR
1120 "shangrila", // shangrila Shangri‐La International Hotel Management Limited
1121 "sharp", // sharp Sharp Corporation
1122 "shaw", // shaw Shaw Cablesystems G.P.
1123 "shell", // shell Shell Information Technology International Inc
1124 "shia", // shia Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
1125 "shiksha", // shiksha Afilias Limited
1126 "shoes", // shoes Binky Galley, LLC
1127 "shop", // shop GMO Registry, Inc.
1128 "shopping", // shopping Over Keep, LLC
1129 "shouji", // shouji QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.
1130 "show", // show Snow Beach, LLC
1131 "showtime", // showtime CBS Domains Inc.
1132 // "shriram", // shriram Shriram Capital Ltd.
1133 "silk", // silk Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1134 "sina", // sina Sina Corporation
1135 "singles", // singles Fern Madison, LLC
1136 "site", // site DotSite Inc.
1137 "ski", // ski STARTING DOT LIMITED
1138 "skin", // skin L'Oréal
1139 "sky", // sky Sky International AG
1140 "skype", // skype Microsoft Corporation
1141 "sling", // sling Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation
1142 "smart", // smart Smart Communications, Inc. (SMART)
1143 "smile", // smile Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1144 "sncf", // sncf SNCF (Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Francais)
1145 "soccer", // soccer Foggy Shadow, LLC
1146 "social", // social United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1147 "softbank", // softbank SoftBank Group Corp.
1148 "software", // software United TLD Holdco, Ltd
1149 "sohu", // sohu Sohu.com Limited
1150 "solar", // solar Ruby Town, LLC
1151 "solutions", // solutions Silver Cover, LLC
1152 "song", // song Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1153 "sony", // sony Sony Corporation
1154 "soy", // soy Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1155 "spa", // spa Asia Spa and Wellness Promotion Council Limited
1156 "space", // space DotSpace Inc.
1157 // "spiegel", // spiegel SPIEGEL-Verlag Rudolf Augstein GmbH & Co. KG
1158 "sport", // sport Global Association of International Sports Federations (GAISF)
1159 "spot", // spot Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1160 // "spreadbetting", // spreadbetting DOTSPREADBETTING REGISTRY LTD
1161 "srl", // srl InterNetX Corp.
1162 // "srt", // srt FCA US LLC.
1163 "stada", // stada STADA Arzneimittel AG
1164 "staples", // staples Staples, Inc.
1165 "star", // star Star India Private Limited
1166 // "starhub", // starhub StarHub Limited
1167 "statebank", // statebank STATE BANK OF INDIA
1168 "statefarm", // statefarm State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company
1169 // "statoil", // statoil Statoil ASA
1170 "stc", // stc Saudi Telecom Company
1171 "stcgroup", // stcgroup Saudi Telecom Company
1172 "stockholm", // stockholm Stockholms kommun
1173 "storage", // storage Self Storage Company LLC
1174 "store", // store DotStore Inc.
1175 "stream", // stream dot Stream Limited
1176 "studio", // studio United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1177 "study", // study OPEN UNIVERSITIES AUSTRALIA PTY LTD
1178 "style", // style Binky Moon, LLC
1179 "sucks", // sucks Vox Populi Registry Ltd.
1180 "supplies", // supplies Atomic Fields, LLC
1181 "supply", // supply Half Falls, LLC
1182 "support", // support Grand Orchard, LLC
1183 "surf", // surf Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1184 "surgery", // surgery Tin Avenue, LLC
1185 "suzuki", // suzuki SUZUKI MOTOR CORPORATION
1186 "swatch", // swatch The Swatch Group Ltd
1187 // "swiftcover", // swiftcover Swiftcover Insurance Services Limited
1188 "swiss", // swiss Swiss Confederation
1189 "sydney", // sydney State of New South Wales, Department of Premier and Cabinet
1190 // "symantec", // symantec Symantec Corporation [Not assigned as of Jul 25]
1191 "systems", // systems Dash Cypress, LLC
1192 "tab", // tab Tabcorp Holdings Limited
1193 "taipei", // taipei Taipei City Government
1194 "talk", // talk Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1195 "taobao", // taobao Alibaba Group Holding Limited
1196 "target", // target Target Domain Holdings, LLC
1197 "tatamotors", // tatamotors Tata Motors Ltd
1198 "tatar", // tatar LLC "Coordination Center of Regional Domain of Tatarstan Republic"
1199 "tattoo", // tattoo Uniregistry, Corp.
1200 "tax", // tax Storm Orchard, LLC
1201 "taxi", // taxi Pine Falls, LLC
1202 "tci", // tci Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
1203 "tdk", // tdk TDK Corporation
1204 "team", // team Atomic Lake, LLC
1205 "tech", // tech Dot Tech LLC
1206 "technology", // technology Auburn Falls, LLC
1207 "tel", // tel Telnic Ltd.
1208 // "telecity", // telecity TelecityGroup International Limited
1209 // "telefonica", // telefonica Telefónica S.A.
1210 "temasek", // temasek Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited
1211 "tennis", // tennis Cotton Bloom, LLC
1212 "teva", // teva Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited
1213 "thd", // thd Homer TLC, Inc.
1214 "theater", // theater Blue Tigers, LLC
1215 "theatre", // theatre XYZ.COM LLC
1216 "tiaa", // tiaa Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America
1217 "tickets", // tickets Accent Media Limited
1218 "tienda", // tienda Victor Manor, LLC
1219 "tiffany", // tiffany Tiffany and Company
1220 "tips", // tips Corn Willow, LLC
1221 "tires", // tires Dog Edge, LLC
1222 "tirol", // tirol punkt Tirol GmbH
1223 "tjmaxx", // tjmaxx The TJX Companies, Inc.
1224 "tjx", // tjx The TJX Companies, Inc.
1225 "tkmaxx", // tkmaxx The TJX Companies, Inc.
1226 "tmall", // tmall Alibaba Group Holding Limited
1227 "today", // today Pearl Woods, LLC
1228 "tokyo", // tokyo GMO Registry, Inc.
1229 "tools", // tools Pioneer North, LLC
1230 "top", // top Jiangsu Bangning Science & Technology Co.,Ltd.
1231 "toray", // toray Toray Industries, Inc.
1232 "toshiba", // toshiba TOSHIBA Corporation
1233 "total", // total Total SA
1234 "tours", // tours Sugar Station, LLC
1235 "town", // town Koko Moon, LLC
1236 "toyota", // toyota TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION
1237 "toys", // toys Pioneer Orchard, LLC
1238 "trade", // trade Elite Registry Limited
1239 "trading", // trading DOTTRADING REGISTRY LTD
1240 "training", // training Wild Willow, LLC
1241 "travel", // travel Tralliance Registry Management Company, LLC.
1242 "travelchannel", // travelchannel Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
1243 "travelers", // travelers Travelers TLD, LLC
1244 "travelersinsurance", // travelersinsurance Travelers TLD, LLC
1245 "trust", // trust Artemis Internet Inc
1246 "trv", // trv Travelers TLD, LLC
1247 "tube", // tube Latin American Telecom LLC
1248 "tui", // tui TUI AG
1249 "tunes", // tunes Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1250 "tushu", // tushu Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1251 "tvs", // tvs T V SUNDRAM IYENGAR & SONS PRIVATE LIMITED
1252 "ubank", // ubank National Australia Bank Limited
1253 "ubs", // ubs UBS AG
1254 // "uconnect", // uconnect FCA US LLC.
1255 "unicom", // unicom China United Network Communications Corporation Limited
1256 "university", // university Little Station, LLC
1257 "uno", // uno Dot Latin LLC
1258 "uol", // uol UBN INTERNET LTDA.
1259 "ups", // ups UPS Market Driver, Inc.
1260 "vacations", // vacations Atomic Tigers, LLC
1261 "vana", // vana Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
1262 "vanguard", // vanguard The Vanguard Group, Inc.
1263 "vegas", // vegas Dot Vegas, Inc.
1264 "ventures", // ventures Binky Lake, LLC
1265 "verisign", // verisign VeriSign, Inc.
1266 "versicherung", // versicherung dotversicherung-registry GmbH
1267 "vet", // vet United TLD Holdco, Ltd
1268 "viajes", // viajes Black Madison, LLC
1269 "video", // video United TLD Holdco, Ltd
1270 "vig", // vig VIENNA INSURANCE GROUP AG Wiener Versicherung Gruppe
1271 "viking", // viking Viking River Cruises (Bermuda) Ltd.
1272 "villas", // villas New Sky, LLC
1273 "vin", // vin Holly Shadow, LLC
1274 "vip", // vip Minds + Machines Group Limited
1275 "virgin", // virgin Virgin Enterprises Limited
1276 "visa", // visa Visa Worldwide Pte. Limited
1277 "vision", // vision Koko Station, LLC
1278 // "vista", // vista Vistaprint Limited
1279 // "vistaprint", // vistaprint Vistaprint Limited
1280 "viva", // viva Saudi Telecom Company
1281 "vivo", // vivo Telefonica Brasil S.A.
1282 "vlaanderen", // vlaanderen DNS.be vzw
1283 "vodka", // vodka Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1284 "volkswagen", // volkswagen Volkswagen Group of America Inc.
1285 "volvo", // volvo Volvo Holding Sverige Aktiebolag
1286 "vote", // vote Monolith Registry LLC
1287 "voting", // voting Valuetainment Corp.
1288 "voto", // voto Monolith Registry LLC
1289 "voyage", // voyage Ruby House, LLC
1290 "vuelos", // vuelos Travel Reservations SRL
1291 "wales", // wales Nominet UK
1292 "walmart", // walmart Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
1293 "walter", // walter Sandvik AB
1294 "wang", // wang Zodiac Registry Limited
1295 "wanggou", // wanggou Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1296 // "warman", // warman Weir Group IP Limited
1297 "watch", // watch Sand Shadow, LLC
1298 "watches", // watches Richemont DNS Inc.
1299 "weather", // weather The Weather Channel, LLC
1300 "weatherchannel", // weatherchannel The Weather Channel, LLC
1301 "webcam", // webcam dot Webcam Limited
1302 "weber", // weber Saint-Gobain Weber SA
1303 "website", // website DotWebsite Inc.
1304 "wed", // wed Atgron, Inc.
1305 "wedding", // wedding Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1306 "weibo", // weibo Sina Corporation
1307 "weir", // weir Weir Group IP Limited
1308 "whoswho", // whoswho Who's Who Registry
1309 "wien", // wien punkt.wien GmbH
1310 "wiki", // wiki Top Level Design, LLC
1311 "williamhill", // williamhill William Hill Organization Limited
1312 "win", // win First Registry Limited
1313 "windows", // windows Microsoft Corporation
1314 "wine", // wine June Station, LLC
1315 "winners", // winners The TJX Companies, Inc.
1316 "wme", // wme William Morris Endeavor Entertainment, LLC
1317 "wolterskluwer", // wolterskluwer Wolters Kluwer N.V.
1318 "woodside", // woodside Woodside Petroleum Limited
1319 "work", // work Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1320 "works", // works Little Dynamite, LLC
1321 "world", // world Bitter Fields, LLC
1322 "wow", // wow Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1323 "wtc", // wtc World Trade Centers Association, Inc.
1324 "wtf", // wtf Hidden Way, LLC
1325 "xbox", // xbox Microsoft Corporation
1326 "xerox", // xerox Xerox DNHC LLC
1327 "xfinity", // xfinity Comcast IP Holdings I, LLC
1328 "xihuan", // xihuan QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.
1329 "xin", // xin Elegant Leader Limited
1330 "xn--11b4c3d", // कॉम VeriSign Sarl
1331 "xn--1ck2e1b", // セール Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1332 "xn--1qqw23a", // 佛山 Guangzhou YU Wei Information Technology Co., Ltd.
1333 "xn--30rr7y", // 慈善 Excellent First Limited
1334 "xn--3bst00m", // 集团 Eagle Horizon Limited
1335 "xn--3ds443g", // 在线 TLD REGISTRY LIMITED
1336 // "xn--3oq18vl8pn36a", // 大众汽车 Volkswagen (China) Investment Co., Ltd.
1337 "xn--3pxu8k", // 点看 VeriSign Sarl
1338 "xn--42c2d9a", // คอม VeriSign Sarl
1339 "xn--45q11c", // 八卦 Zodiac Scorpio Limited
1340 "xn--4gbrim", // موقع Suhub Electronic Establishment
1341 "xn--55qw42g", // 公益 China Organizational Name Administration Center
1342 "xn--55qx5d", // 公司 Computer Network Information Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences （China Internet Network Information Center）
1343 "xn--5su34j936bgsg", // 香格里拉 Shangri‐La International Hotel Management Limited
1344 "xn--5tzm5g", // 网站 Global Website TLD Asia Limited
1345 "xn--6frz82g", // 移动 Afilias Limited
1346 "xn--6qq986b3xl", // 我爱你 Tycoon Treasure Limited
1347 "xn--80adxhks", // москва Foundation for Assistance for Internet Technologies and Infrastructure Development (FAITID)
1348 "xn--80aqecdr1a", // католик Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication)
1349 "xn--80asehdb", // онлайн CORE Association
1350 "xn--80aswg", // сайт CORE Association
1351 "xn--8y0a063a", // 联通 China United Network Communications Corporation Limited
1352 "xn--90ae", // бг Imena.BG Plc (NAMES.BG Plc)
1353 "xn--9dbq2a", // קום VeriSign Sarl
1354 "xn--9et52u", // 时尚 RISE VICTORY LIMITED
1355 "xn--9krt00a", // 微博 Sina Corporation
1356 "xn--b4w605ferd", // 淡马锡 Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited
1357 "xn--bck1b9a5dre4c", // ファッション Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1358 "xn--c1avg", // орг Public Interest Registry
1359 "xn--c2br7g", // नेट VeriSign Sarl
1360 "xn--cck2b3b", // ストア Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1361 "xn--cckwcxetd", // アマゾン Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1362 "xn--cg4bki", // 삼성 SAMSUNG SDS CO., LTD
1363 "xn--czr694b", // 商标 HU YI GLOBAL INFORMATION RESOURCES(HOLDING) COMPANY.HONGKONG LIMITED
1364 "xn--czrs0t", // 商店 Wild Island, LLC
1365 "xn--czru2d", // 商城 Zodiac Aquarius Limited
1366 "xn--d1acj3b", // дети The Foundation for Network Initiatives “The Smart Internet”
1367 "xn--eckvdtc9d", // ポイント Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1368 "xn--efvy88h", // 新闻 Xinhua News Agency Guangdong Branch 新华通讯社广东分社
1369 // "xn--estv75g", // 工行 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited
1370 "xn--fct429k", // 家電 Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1371 "xn--fhbei", // كوم VeriSign Sarl
1372 "xn--fiq228c5hs", // 中文网 TLD REGISTRY LIMITED
1373 "xn--fiq64b", // 中信 CITIC Group Corporation
1374 "xn--fjq720a", // 娱乐 Will Bloom, LLC
1375 "xn--flw351e", // 谷歌 Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1376 "xn--fzys8d69uvgm", // 電訊盈科 PCCW Enterprises Limited
1377 "xn--g2xx48c", // 购物 Minds + Machines Group Limited
1378 "xn--gckr3f0f", // クラウド Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1379 "xn--gk3at1e", // 通販 Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1380 "xn--hxt814e", // 网店 Zodiac Libra Limited
1381 "xn--i1b6b1a6a2e", // संगठन Public Interest Registry
1382 "xn--imr513n", // 餐厅 HU YI GLOBAL INFORMATION RESOURCES (HOLDING) COMPANY. HONGKONG LIMITED
1383 "xn--io0a7i", // 网络 Computer Network Information Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences （China Internet Network Information Center）
1384 "xn--j1aef", // ком VeriSign Sarl
1385 "xn--jlq480n2rg", // 亚马逊 Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1386 // "xn--jlq61u9w7b", // 诺基亚 Nokia Corporation
1387 "xn--jvr189m", // 食品 Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1388 "xn--kcrx77d1x4a", // 飞利浦 Koninklijke Philips N.V.
1389 // "xn--kpu716f", // 手表 Richemont DNS Inc. [Not assigned as of Jul 25]
1390 "xn--kput3i", // 手机 Beijing RITT-Net Technology Development Co., Ltd
1391 "xn--mgba3a3ejt", // ارامكو Aramco Services Company
1392 "xn--mgba7c0bbn0a", // العليان Crescent Holding GmbH
1393 "xn--mgbaakc7dvf", // اتصالات Emirates Telecommunications Corporation (trading as Etisalat)
1394 "xn--mgbab2bd", // بازار CORE Association
1395 // "xn--mgbb9fbpob", // موبايلي GreenTech Consultancy Company W.L.L.
1396 "xn--mgbca7dzdo", // ابوظبي Abu Dhabi Systems and Information Centre
1397 "xn--mgbi4ecexp", // كاثوليك Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication)
1398 "xn--mgbt3dhd", // همراه Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
1399 "xn--mk1bu44c", // 닷컴 VeriSign Sarl
1400 "xn--mxtq1m", // 政府 Net-Chinese Co., Ltd.
1401 "xn--ngbc5azd", // شبكة International Domain Registry Pty. Ltd.
1402 "xn--ngbe9e0a", // بيتك Kuwait Finance House
1403 "xn--ngbrx", // عرب League of Arab States
1404 "xn--nqv7f", // 机构 Public Interest Registry
1405 "xn--nqv7fs00ema", // 组织机构 Public Interest Registry
1406 "xn--nyqy26a", // 健康 Stable Tone Limited
1407 "xn--otu796d", // 招聘 Dot Trademark TLD Holding Company Limited
1408 "xn--p1acf", // рус Rusnames Limited
1409 // "xn--pbt977c", // 珠宝 Richemont DNS Inc. [Not assigned as of Jul 25]
1410 "xn--pssy2u", // 大拿 VeriSign Sarl
1411 "xn--q9jyb4c", // みんな Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1412 "xn--qcka1pmc", // グーグル Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1413 "xn--rhqv96g", // 世界 Stable Tone Limited
1414 "xn--rovu88b", // 書籍 Amazon EU S.à r.l.
1415 "xn--ses554g", // 网址 KNET Co., Ltd
1416 "xn--t60b56a", // 닷넷 VeriSign Sarl
1417 "xn--tckwe", // コム VeriSign Sarl
1418 "xn--tiq49xqyj", // 天主教 Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication)
1419 "xn--unup4y", // 游戏 Spring Fields, LLC
1420 "xn--vermgensberater-ctb", // VERMöGENSBERATER Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG
1421 "xn--vermgensberatung-pwb", // VERMöGENSBERATUNG Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG
1422 "xn--vhquv", // 企业 Dash McCook, LLC
1423 "xn--vuq861b", // 信息 Beijing Tele-info Network Technology Co., Ltd.
1424 "xn--w4r85el8fhu5dnra", // 嘉里大酒店 Kerry Trading Co. Limited
1425 "xn--w4rs40l", // 嘉里 Kerry Trading Co. Limited
1426 "xn--xhq521b", // 广东 Guangzhou YU Wei Information Technology Co., Ltd.
1427 "xn--zfr164b", // 政务 China Organizational Name Administration Center
1428 // "xperia", // xperia Sony Mobile Communications AB
1429 "xxx", // xxx ICM Registry LLC
1430 "xyz", // xyz XYZ.COM LLC
1431 "yachts", // yachts DERYachts, LLC
1432 "yahoo", // yahoo Yahoo! Domain Services Inc.
1433 "yamaxun", // yamaxun Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1434 "yandex", // yandex YANDEX, LLC
1435 "yodobashi", // yodobashi YODOBASHI CAMERA CO.,LTD.
1436 "yoga", // yoga Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1437 "yokohama", // yokohama GMO Registry, Inc.
1438 "you", // you Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1439 "youtube", // youtube Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1440 "yun", // yun QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.
1441 "zappos", // zappos Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1442 "zara", // zara Industria de Diseño Textil, S.A. (INDITEX, S.A.)
1443 "zero", // zero Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1444 "zip", // zip Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1445 // "zippo", // zippo Zadco Company
1446 "zone", // zone Outer Falls, LLC
1447 "zuerich", // zuerich Kanton Zürich (Canton of Zurich)
1448 };
1449
1450 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1451 private static final String[] COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS = {
1452 // Taken from Version 2023011200, Last Updated Thu Jan 12 07:07:01 2023 UTC
1453 "ac", // Ascension Island
1454 "ad", // Andorra
1455 "ae", // United Arab Emirates
1456 "af", // Afghanistan
1457 "ag", // Antigua and Barbuda
1458 "ai", // Anguilla
1459 "al", // Albania
1460 "am", // Armenia
1461 // "an", // Netherlands Antilles (retired)
1462 "ao", // Angola
1463 "aq", // Antarctica
1464 "ar", // Argentina
1465 "as", // American Samoa
1466 "at", // Austria
1467 "au", // Australia (includes Ashmore and Cartier Islands and Coral Sea Islands)
1468 "aw", // Aruba
1469 "ax", // Åland
1470 "az", // Azerbaijan
1471 "ba", // Bosnia and Herzegovina
1472 "bb", // Barbados
1473 "bd", // Bangladesh
1474 "be", // Belgium
1475 "bf", // Burkina Faso
1476 "bg", // Bulgaria
1477 "bh", // Bahrain
1478 "bi", // Burundi
1479 "bj", // Benin
1480 "bm", // Bermuda
1481 "bn", // Brunei Darussalam
1482 "bo", // Bolivia
1483 "br", // Brazil
1484 "bs", // Bahamas
1485 "bt", // Bhutan
1486 "bv", // Bouvet Island
1487 "bw", // Botswana
1488 "by", // Belarus
1489 "bz", // Belize
1490 "ca", // Canada
1491 "cc", // Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1492 "cd", // Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire)
1493 "cf", // Central African Republic
1494 "cg", // Republic of the Congo
1495 "ch", // Switzerland
1496 "ci", // Côte d'Ivoire
1497 "ck", // Cook Islands
1498 "cl", // Chile
1499 "cm", // Cameroon
1500 "cn", // China, mainland
1501 "co", // Colombia
1502 "cr", // Costa Rica
1503 "cu", // Cuba
1504 "cv", // Cape Verde
1505 "cw", // Curaçao
1506 "cx", // Christmas Island
1507 "cy", // Cyprus
1508 "cz", // Czech Republic
1509 "de", // Germany
1510 "dj", // Djibouti
1511 "dk", // Denmark
1512 "dm", // Dominica
1513 "do", // Dominican Republic
1514 "dz", // Algeria
1515 "ec", // Ecuador
1516 "ee", // Estonia
1517 "eg", // Egypt
1518 "er", // Eritrea
1519 "es", // Spain
1520 "et", // Ethiopia
1521 "eu", // European Union
1522 "fi", // Finland
1523 "fj", // Fiji
1524 "fk", // Falkland Islands
1525 "fm", // Federated States of Micronesia
1526 "fo", // Faroe Islands
1527 "fr", // France
1528 "ga", // Gabon
1529 "gb", // Great Britain (United Kingdom)
1530 "gd", // Grenada
1531 "ge", // Georgia
1532 "gf", // French Guiana
1533 "gg", // Guernsey
1534 "gh", // Ghana
1535 "gi", // Gibraltar
1536 "gl", // Greenland
1537 "gm", // The Gambia
1538 "gn", // Guinea
1539 "gp", // Guadeloupe
1540 "gq", // Equatorial Guinea
1541 "gr", // Greece
1542 "gs", // South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
1543 "gt", // Guatemala
1544 "gu", // Guam
1545 "gw", // Guinea-Bissau
1546 "gy", // Guyana
1547 "hk", // Hong Kong
1548 "hm", // Heard Island and McDonald Islands
1549 "hn", // Honduras
1550 "hr", // Croatia (Hrvatska)
1551 "ht", // Haiti
1552 "hu", // Hungary
1553 "id", // Indonesia
1554 "ie", // Ireland (Éire)
1555 "il", // Israel
1556 "im", // Isle of Man
1557 "in", // India
1558 "io", // British Indian Ocean Territory
1559 "iq", // Iraq
1560 "ir", // Iran
1561 "is", // Iceland
1562 "it", // Italy
1563 "je", // Jersey
1564 "jm", // Jamaica
1565 "jo", // Jordan
1566 "jp", // Japan
1567 "ke", // Kenya
1568 "kg", // Kyrgyzstan
1569 "kh", // Cambodia (Khmer)
1570 "ki", // Kiribati
1571 "km", // Comoros
1572 "kn", // Saint Kitts and Nevis
1573 "kp", // North Korea
1574 "kr", // South Korea
1575 "kw", // Kuwait
1576 "ky", // Cayman Islands
1577 "kz", // Kazakhstan
1578 "la", // Laos (currently being marketed as the official domain for Los Angeles)
1579 "lb", // Lebanon
1580 "lc", // Saint Lucia
1581 "li", // Liechtenstein
1582 "lk", // Sri Lanka
1583 "lr", // Liberia
1584 "ls", // Lesotho
1585 "lt", // Lithuania
1586 "lu", // Luxembourg
1587 "lv", // Latvia
1588 "ly", // Libya
1589 "ma", // Morocco
1590 "mc", // Monaco
1591 "md", // Moldova
1592 "me", // Montenegro
1593 "mg", // Madagascar
1594 "mh", // Marshall Islands
1595 "mk", // Republic of Macedonia
1596 "ml", // Mali
1597 "mm", // Myanmar
1598 "mn", // Mongolia
1599 "mo", // Macau
1600 "mp", // Northern Mariana Islands
1601 "mq", // Martinique
1602 "mr", // Mauritania
1603 "ms", // Montserrat
1604 "mt", // Malta
1605 "mu", // Mauritius
1606 "mv", // Maldives
1607 "mw", // Malawi
1608 "mx", // Mexico
1609 "my", // Malaysia
1610 "mz", // Mozambique
1611 "na", // Namibia
1612 "nc", // New Caledonia
1613 "ne", // Niger
1614 "nf", // Norfolk Island
1615 "ng", // Nigeria
1616 "ni", // Nicaragua
1617 "nl", // Netherlands
1618 "no", // Norway
1619 "np", // Nepal
1620 "nr", // Nauru
1621 "nu", // Niue
1622 "nz", // New Zealand
1623 "om", // Oman
1624 "pa", // Panama
1625 "pe", // Peru
1626 "pf", // French Polynesia With Clipperton Island
1627 "pg", // Papua New Guinea
1628 "ph", // Philippines
1629 "pk", // Pakistan
1630 "pl", // Poland
1631 "pm", // Saint-Pierre and Miquelon
1632 "pn", // Pitcairn Islands
1633 "pr", // Puerto Rico
1634 "ps", // Palestinian territories (PA-controlled West Bank and Gaza Strip)
1635 "pt", // Portugal
1636 "pw", // Palau
1637 "py", // Paraguay
1638 "qa", // Qatar
1639 "re", // Réunion
1640 "ro", // Romania
1641 "rs", // Serbia
1642 "ru", // Russia
1643 "rw", // Rwanda
1644 "sa", // Saudi Arabia
1645 "sb", // Solomon Islands
1646 "sc", // Seychelles
1647 "sd", // Sudan
1648 "se", // Sweden
1649 "sg", // Singapore
1650 "sh", // Saint Helena
1651 "si", // Slovenia
1652 "sj", // Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands Not in use (Norwegian dependencies; see .no)
1653 "sk", // Slovakia
1654 "sl", // Sierra Leone
1655 "sm", // San Marino
1656 "sn", // Senegal
1657 "so", // Somalia
1658 "sr", // Suriname
1659 "ss", // ss National Communication Authority (NCA)
1660 "st", // São Tomé and Príncipe
1661 "su", // Soviet Union (deprecated)
1662 "sv", // El Salvador
1663 "sx", // Sint Maarten
1664 "sy", // Syria
1665 "sz", // Swaziland
1666 "tc", // Turks and Caicos Islands
1667 "td", // Chad
1668 "tf", // French Southern and Antarctic Lands
1669 "tg", // Togo
1670 "th", // Thailand
1671 "tj", // Tajikistan
1672 "tk", // Tokelau
1673 "tl", // East Timor (deprecated old code)
1674 "tm", // Turkmenistan
1675 "tn", // Tunisia
1676 "to", // Tonga
1677 // "tp", // East Timor (Retired)
1678 "tr", // Turkey
1679 "tt", // Trinidad and Tobago
1680 "tv", // Tuvalu
1681 "tw", // Taiwan, Republic of China
1682 "tz", // Tanzania
1683 "ua", // Ukraine
1684 "ug", // Uganda
1685 "uk", // United Kingdom
1686 "us", // United States of America
1687 "uy", // Uruguay
1688 "uz", // Uzbekistan
1689 "va", // Vatican City State
1690 "vc", // Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1691 "ve", // Venezuela
1692 "vg", // British Virgin Islands
1693 "vi", // U.S. Virgin Islands
1694 "vn", // Vietnam
1695 "vu", // Vanuatu
1696 "wf", // Wallis and Futuna
1697 "ws", // Samoa (formerly Western Samoa)
1698 "xn--2scrj9c", // ಭಾರತ National Internet eXchange of India
1699 "xn--3e0b707e", // 한국 KISA (Korea Internet & Security Agency)
1700 "xn--3hcrj9c", // ଭାରତ National Internet eXchange of India
1701 "xn--45br5cyl", // ভাৰত National Internet eXchange of India
1702 "xn--45brj9c", // ভারত National Internet Exchange of India
1703 "xn--4dbrk0ce", // ישראל The Israel Internet Association (RA)
1704 "xn--54b7fta0cc", // বাংলা Posts and Telecommunications Division
1705 "xn--80ao21a", // қаз Association of IT Companies of Kazakhstan
1706 "xn--90a3ac", // срб Serbian National Internet Domain Registry (RNIDS)
1707 "xn--90ais", // ??? Reliable Software Inc.
1708 "xn--clchc0ea0b2g2a9gcd", // சிங்கப்பூர் Singapore Network Information Centre (SGNIC) Pte Ltd
1709 "xn--d1alf", // мкд Macedonian Academic Research Network Skopje
1710 "xn--e1a4c", // ею EURid vzw/asbl
1711 "xn--fiqs8s", // 中国 China Internet Network Information Center
1712 "xn--fiqz9s", // 中國 China Internet Network Information Center
1713 "xn--fpcrj9c3d", // భారత్ National Internet Exchange of India
1714 "xn--fzc2c9e2c", // ලංකා LK Domain Registry
1715 "xn--gecrj9c", // ભારત National Internet Exchange of India
1716 "xn--h2breg3eve", // भारतम् National Internet eXchange of India
1717 "xn--h2brj9c", // भारत National Internet Exchange of India
1718 "xn--h2brj9c8c", // भारोत National Internet eXchange of India
1719 "xn--j1amh", // укр Ukrainian Network Information Centre (UANIC), Inc.
1720 "xn--j6w193g", // 香港 Hong Kong Internet Registration Corporation Ltd.
1721 "xn--kprw13d", // 台湾 Taiwan Network Information Center (TWNIC)
1722 "xn--kpry57d", // 台灣 Taiwan Network Information Center (TWNIC)
1723 "xn--l1acc", // мон Datacom Co.,Ltd
1724 "xn--lgbbat1ad8j", // الجزائر CERIST
1725 "xn--mgb9awbf", // عمان Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA)
1726 "xn--mgba3a4f16a", // ایران Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM)
1727 "xn--mgbaam7a8h", // امارات Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA)
1728 "xn--mgbah1a3hjkrd", // موريتانيا Université de Nouakchott Al Aasriya
1729 "xn--mgbai9azgqp6j", // پاکستان National Telecommunication Corporation
1730 "xn--mgbayh7gpa", // الاردن National Information Technology Center (NITC)
1731 "xn--mgbbh1a", // بارت National Internet eXchange of India
1732 "xn--mgbbh1a71e", // بھارت National Internet Exchange of India
1733 "xn--mgbc0a9azcg", // المغرب Agence Nationale de Réglementation des Télécommunications (ANRT)
1734 "xn--mgbcpq6gpa1a", // البحرين Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA)
1735 "xn--mgberp4a5d4ar", // السعودية Communications and Information Technology Commission
1736 "xn--mgbgu82a", // ڀارت National Internet eXchange of India
1737 "xn--mgbpl2fh", // ????? Sudan Internet Society
1738 "xn--mgbtx2b", // عراق Communications and Media Commission (CMC)
1739 "xn--mgbx4cd0ab", // مليسيا MYNIC Berhad
1740 "xn--mix891f", // 澳門 Bureau of Telecommunications Regulation (DSRT)
1741 "xn--node", // გე Information Technologies Development Center (ITDC)
1742 "xn--o3cw4h", // ไทย Thai Network Information Center Foundation
1743 "xn--ogbpf8fl", // سورية National Agency for Network Services (NANS)
1744 "xn--p1ai", // рф Coordination Center for TLD RU
1745 "xn--pgbs0dh", // تونس Agence Tunisienne d'Internet
1746 "xn--q7ce6a", // ລາວ Lao National Internet Center (LANIC)
1747 "xn--qxa6a", // ευ EURid vzw/asbl
1748 "xn--qxam", // ελ ICS-FORTH GR
1749 "xn--rvc1e0am3e", // ഭാരതം National Internet eXchange of India
1750 "xn--s9brj9c", // ਭਾਰਤ National Internet Exchange of India
1751 "xn--wgbh1c", // مصر National Telecommunication Regulatory Authority - NTRA
1752 "xn--wgbl6a", // قطر Communications Regulatory Authority
1753 "xn--xkc2al3hye2a", // இலங்கை LK Domain Registry
1754 "xn--xkc2dl3a5ee0h", // இந்தியா National Internet Exchange of India
1755 "xn--y9a3aq", // ??? Internet Society
1756 "xn--yfro4i67o", // 新加坡 Singapore Network Information Centre (SGNIC) Pte Ltd
1757 "xn--ygbi2ammx", // فلسطين Ministry of Telecom & Information Technology (MTIT)
1758 "ye", // Yemen
1759 "yt", // Mayotte
1760 "za", // South Africa
1761 "zm", // Zambia
1762 "zw", // Zimbabwe
1763 };
1764
1765 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1766 private static final String[] LOCAL_TLDS = {
1767 "localdomain", // Also widely used as localhost.localdomain
1768 "localhost", // RFC2606 defined
1769 };
1770 /*
1771 * This field is used to detect whether the getInstance has been called.
1772 * After this, the method updateTLDOverride is not allowed to be called.
1773 * This field does not need to be volatile since it is only accessed from
1774 * synchronized methods.
1775 */
1776 private static boolean inUse;
1777 /*
1778 * These arrays are mutable.
1779 * They can only be updated by the updateTLDOverride method, and readers must first get an instance
1780 * using the getInstance methods which are all (now) synchronized.
1781 * The only other access is via getTLDEntries which is now synchronized.
1782 */
1783 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1784 private static String[] countryCodeTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
1785 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1786 private static String[] genericTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
1787 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1788 private static String[] countryCodeTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
1789 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1790 private static String[] genericTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
1791
1792 // N.B. The constructors are deliberately private to avoid possible problems with unsafe publication.
1793 // It is vital that the static override arrays are not mutable once they have been used in an instance
1794 // The arrays could be copied into the instance variables, however if the static array were changed it could
1795 // result in different settings for the shared default instances
1796
1797 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1798 private static String[] localTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
1799
1800 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1801 private static String[] localTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
1802
1803 /**
1804 * Check if a sorted array contains the specified key
1805 *
1806 * @param sortedArray the array to search
1807 * @param key the key to find
1808 * @return {@code true} if the array contains the key
1809 */
1810 private static boolean arrayContains(final String[] sortedArray, final String key) {
1811 return Arrays.binarySearch(sortedArray, key) >= 0;
1812 }
1813
1814 /**
1815 * Returns the singleton instance of this validator. It
1816 * will not consider local addresses as valid.
1817 * @return the singleton instance of this validator
1818 */
1819 public static synchronized DomainValidator getInstance() {
1820 inUse = true;
1821 return LazyHolder.DOMAIN_VALIDATOR;
1822 }
1823
1824 /**
1825 * Returns the singleton instance of this validator,
1826 * with local validation as required.
1827 * @param allowLocal Should local addresses be considered valid?
1828 * @return the singleton instance of this validator
1829 */
1830 public static synchronized DomainValidator getInstance(final boolean allowLocal) {
1831 inUse = true;
1832 if (allowLocal) {
1833 return LazyHolder.DOMAIN_VALIDATOR_WITH_LOCAL;
1834 }
1835 return LazyHolder.DOMAIN_VALIDATOR;
1836 }
1837
1838 /**
1839 * Returns a new instance of this validator.
1840 * The user can provide a list of {@link Item} entries which can
1841 * be used to override the generic and country code lists.
1842 * Note that any such entries override values provided by the
1843 * {@link #updateTLDOverride(ArrayType, String[])} method
1844 * If an entry for a particular type is not provided, then
1845 * the class override (if any) is retained.
1846 *
1847 * @param allowLocal Should local addresses be considered valid?
1848 * @param items - array of {@link Item} entries
1849 * @return an instance of this validator
1850 * @since 1.7
1851 */
1852 public static synchronized DomainValidator getInstance(final boolean allowLocal, final List<Item> items) {
1853 inUse = true;
1854 return new DomainValidator(allowLocal, items);
1855 }
1856
1857 /**
1858 * Gets a copy of a class level internal array.
1859 * @param table the array type (any of the enum values)
1860 * @return a copy of the array
1861 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the table type is unexpected (should not happen)
1862 * @since 1.5.1
1863 */
1864 public static synchronized String[] getTLDEntries(final ArrayType table) {
1865 final String[] array;
1866 switch (table) {
1867 case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS:
1868 array = countryCodeTLDsMinus;
1869 break;
1870 case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS:
1871 array = countryCodeTLDsPlus;
1872 break;
1873 case GENERIC_MINUS:
1874 array = genericTLDsMinus;
1875 break;
1876 case GENERIC_PLUS:
1877 array = genericTLDsPlus;
1878 break;
1879 case LOCAL_MINUS:
1880 array = localTLDsMinus;
1881 break;
1882 case LOCAL_PLUS:
1883 array = localTLDsPlus;
1884 break;
1885 case GENERIC_RO:
1886 array = GENERIC_TLDS;
1887 break;
1888 case COUNTRY_CODE_RO:
1889 array = COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS;
1890 break;
1891 case INFRASTRUCTURE_RO:
1892 array = INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS;
1893 break;
1894 case LOCAL_RO:
1895 array = LOCAL_TLDS;
1896 break;
1897 default:
1898 throw new IllegalArgumentException(UNEXPECTED_ENUM_VALUE + table);
1899 }
1900 return Arrays.copyOf(array, array.length); // clone the array
1901 }
1902
1903 /*
1904 * Check if input contains only ASCII
1905 * Treats null as all ASCII
1906 */
1907 private static boolean isOnlyASCII(final String input) {
1908 if (input == null) {
1909 return true;
1910 }
1911 for (int i = 0; i < input.length(); i++) {
1912 if (input.charAt(i) > 0x7F) { // CHECKSTYLE IGNORE MagicNumber
1913 return false;
1914 }
1915 }
1916 return true;
1917 }
1918
1919 /**
1920 * Converts potentially Unicode input to punycode.
1921 * If conversion fails, returns the original input.
1922 *
1923 * @param input the string to convert, not null
1924 * @return converted input, or original input if conversion fails
1925 */
1926 // Needed by UrlValidator
1927 static String unicodeToASCII(final String input) {
1928 if (isOnlyASCII(input)) { // skip possibly expensive processing
1929 return input;
1930 }
1931 try {
1932 final String ascii = IDN.toASCII(input);
1933 if (IDNBUGHOLDER.IDN_TOASCII_PRESERVES_TRAILING_DOTS) {
1934 return ascii;
1935 }
1936 final int length = input.length();
1937 if (length == 0) { // check there is a last character
1938 return input;
1939 }
1940 // RFC3490 3.1. 1)
1941 // Whenever dots are used as label separators, the following
1942 // characters MUST be recognized as dots: U+002E (full stop), U+3002
1943 // (ideographic full stop), U+FF0E (fullwidth full stop), U+FF61
1944 // (halfwidth ideographic full stop).
1945 final char lastChar = input.charAt(length - 1);// fetch original last char
1946 switch (lastChar) {
1947 case '\u002E': // "." full stop
1948 case '\u3002': // ideographic full stop
1949 case '\uFF0E': // fullwidth full stop
1950 case '\uFF61': // halfwidth ideographic full stop
1951 return ascii + "."; // restore the missing stop
1952 default:
1953 return ascii;
1954 }
1955 } catch (final IllegalArgumentException e) { // input is not valid
1956 return input;
1957 }
1958 }
1959
1960 /**
1961 * Update one of the TLD override arrays.
1962 * This must only be done at program startup, before any instances are accessed using getInstance.
1963 * <p>
1964 * For example:
1965 * <p>
1966 * {@code DomainValidator.updateTLDOverride(ArrayType.GENERIC_PLUS, "apache")}
1967 * <p>
1968 * To clear an override array, provide an empty array.
1969 *
1970 * @param table the table to update, see {@link DomainValidator.ArrayType}
1971 * Must be one of the following
1972 * <ul>
1973 * <li>COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS</li>
1974 * <li>COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS</li>
1975 * <li>GENERIC_MINUS</li>
1976 * <li>GENERIC_PLUS</li>
1977 * <li>LOCAL_MINUS</li>
1978 * <li>LOCAL_PLUS</li>
1979 * </ul>
1980 * @param tlds the array of TLDs, must not be null
1981 * @throws IllegalStateException if the method is called after getInstance
1982 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if one of the read-only tables is requested
1983 * @since 1.5.0
1984 */
1985 public static synchronized void updateTLDOverride(final ArrayType table, final String... tlds) {
1986 if (inUse) {
1987 throw new IllegalStateException("Can only invoke this method before calling getInstance");
1988 }
1989 final String[] copy = new String[tlds.length];
1990 // Comparisons are always done with lower-case entries
1991 for (int i = 0; i < tlds.length; i++) {
1992 copy[i] = tlds[i].toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH);
1993 }
1994 Arrays.sort(copy);
1995 switch (table) {
1996 case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS:
1997 countryCodeTLDsMinus = copy;
1998 break;
1999 case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS:
2000 countryCodeTLDsPlus = copy;
2001 break;
2002 case GENERIC_MINUS:
2003 genericTLDsMinus = copy;
2004 break;
2005 case GENERIC_PLUS:
2006 genericTLDsPlus = copy;
2007 break;
2008 case LOCAL_MINUS:
2009 localTLDsMinus = copy;
2010 break;
2011 case LOCAL_PLUS:
2012 localTLDsPlus = copy;
2013 break;
2014 case COUNTRY_CODE_RO:
2015 case GENERIC_RO:
2016 case INFRASTRUCTURE_RO:
2017 case LOCAL_RO:
2018 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot update the table: " + table);
2019 default:
2020 throw new IllegalArgumentException(UNEXPECTED_ENUM_VALUE + table);
2021 }
2022 }
2023
2024 /** Whether to allow local overrides. */
2025 private final boolean allowLocal;
2026
2027 // ---------------------------------------------
2028 // ----- TLDs defined by IANA
2029 // ----- Authoritative and comprehensive list at:
2030 // ----- http://data.iana.org/TLD/tlds-alpha-by-domain.txt
2031
2032 // Note that the above list is in UPPER case.
2033 // The code currently converts strings to lower case (as per the tables below)
2034
2035 // IANA also provide an HTML list at http://www.iana.org/domains/root/db
2036 // Note that this contains several country code entries which are NOT in
2037 // the text file. These all have the "Not assigned" in the "Sponsoring Organisation" column
2038 // For example (as of 2015-01-02):
2039 // .bl country-code Not assigned
2040 // .um country-code Not assigned
2041
2042 /**
2043 * RegexValidator for matching domains.
2044 */
2045 private final RegexValidator domainRegex =
2046 new RegexValidator(DOMAIN_NAME_REGEX);
2047
2048 /**
2049 * RegexValidator for matching a local hostname
2050 */
2051 // RFC1123 sec 2.1 allows hostnames to start with a digit
2052 private final RegexValidator hostnameRegex =
2053 new RegexValidator(DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX);
2054
2055 /** Local override. */
2056 final String[] myCountryCodeTLDsMinus;
2057
2058 /** Local override. */
2059 final String[] myCountryCodeTLDsPlus;
2060
2061 // Additional arrays to supplement or override the built in ones.
2062 // The PLUS arrays are valid keys, the MINUS arrays are invalid keys
2063
2064 /** Local override. */
2065 final String[] myGenericTLDsPlus;
2066
2067 /** Local override. */
2068 final String[] myGenericTLDsMinus;
2069
2070 /** Local override. */
2071 final String[] myLocalTLDsPlus;
2072
2073 /** Local override. */
2074 final String[] myLocalTLDsMinus;
2075
2076 /*
2077 * It is vital that instances are immutable. This is because the default instances are shared.
2078 */
2079
2080 /**
2081 * Private constructor.
2082 */
2083 private DomainValidator(final boolean allowLocal) {
2084 this.allowLocal = allowLocal;
2085 // link to class overrides
2086 myCountryCodeTLDsMinus = countryCodeTLDsMinus;
2087 myCountryCodeTLDsPlus = countryCodeTLDsPlus;
2088 myGenericTLDsPlus = genericTLDsPlus;
2089 myGenericTLDsMinus = genericTLDsMinus;
2090 myLocalTLDsPlus = localTLDsPlus;
2091 myLocalTLDsMinus = localTLDsMinus;
2092 }
2093
2094 /**
2095 * Private constructor, allowing local overrides
2096 * @since 1.7
2097 */
2098 private DomainValidator(final boolean allowLocal, final List<Item> items) {
2099 this.allowLocal = allowLocal;
2100
2101 // default to class overrides
2102 String[] ccMinus = countryCodeTLDsMinus;
2103 String[] ccPlus = countryCodeTLDsPlus;
2104 String[] genMinus = genericTLDsMinus;
2105 String[] genPlus = genericTLDsPlus;
2106 String[] localMinus = localTLDsMinus;
2107 String[] localPlus = localTLDsPlus;
2108
2109 // apply the instance overrides
2110 for (final Item item : items) {
2111 final String[] copy = new String[item.values.length];
2112 // Comparisons are always done with lower-case entries
2113 for (int i = 0; i < item.values.length; i++) {
2114 copy[i] = item.values[i].toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH);
2115 }
2116 Arrays.sort(copy);
2117 switch (item.type) {
2118 case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS: {
2119 ccMinus = copy;
2120 break;
2121 }
2122 case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS: {
2123 ccPlus = copy;
2124 break;
2125 }
2126 case GENERIC_MINUS: {
2127 genMinus = copy;
2128 break;
2129 }
2130 case GENERIC_PLUS: {
2131 genPlus = copy;
2132 break;
2133 }
2134 case LOCAL_MINUS: {
2135 localMinus = copy;
2136 break;
2137 }
2138 case LOCAL_PLUS: {
2139 localPlus = copy;
2140 break;
2141 }
2142 default:
2143 break;
2144 }
2145 }
2146
2147 // init the instance overrides
2148 myCountryCodeTLDsMinus = ccMinus;
2149 myCountryCodeTLDsPlus = ccPlus;
2150 myGenericTLDsMinus = genMinus;
2151 myGenericTLDsPlus = genPlus;
2152 myLocalTLDsMinus = localMinus;
2153 myLocalTLDsPlus = localPlus;
2154 }
2155
2156 private String chompLeadingDot(final String str) {
2157 if (str.startsWith(".")) {
2158 return str.substring(1);
2159 }
2160 return str;
2161 }
2162
2163 /**
2164 * Gets a copy of an instance level internal array.
2165 * @param table the array type (any of the enum values)
2166 * @return a copy of the array
2167 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the table type is unexpected, e.g. GENERIC_RO
2168 * @since 1.7
2169 */
2170 public String[] getOverrides(final ArrayType table) {
2171 final String[] array;
2172 switch (table) {
2173 case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS:
2174 array = myCountryCodeTLDsMinus;
2175 break;
2176 case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS:
2177 array = myCountryCodeTLDsPlus;
2178 break;
2179 case GENERIC_MINUS:
2180 array = myGenericTLDsMinus;
2181 break;
2182 case GENERIC_PLUS:
2183 array = myGenericTLDsPlus;
2184 break;
2185 case LOCAL_MINUS:
2186 array = myLocalTLDsMinus;
2187 break;
2188 case LOCAL_PLUS:
2189 array = myLocalTLDsPlus;
2190 break;
2191 default:
2192 throw new IllegalArgumentException(UNEXPECTED_ENUM_VALUE + table);
2193 }
2194 return Arrays.copyOf(array, array.length); // clone the array
2195 }
2196
2197 /**
2198 * Does this instance allow local addresses?
2199 *
2200 * @return true if local addresses are allowed.
2201 * @since 1.7
2202 */
2203 public boolean isAllowLocal() {
2204 return this.allowLocal;
2205 }
2206
2207 /**
2208 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> parses
2209 * as a valid domain name with a recognized top-level domain.
2210 * The parsing is case-insensitive.
2211 * @param domain the parameter to check for domain name syntax
2212 * @return true if the parameter is a valid domain name
2213 */
2214 public boolean isValid(String domain) {
2215 if (domain == null) {
2216 return false;
2217 }
2218 domain = unicodeToASCII(domain);
2219 // hosts must be equally reachable via punycode and Unicode
2220 // Unicode is never shorter than punycode, so check punycode
2221 // if domain did not convert, then it will be caught by ASCII
2222 // checks in the regexes below
2223 if (domain.length() > MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH) {
2224 return false;
2225 }
2226 final String[] groups = domainRegex.match(domain);
2227 if (groups != null && groups.length > 0) {
2228 return isValidTld(groups[0]);
2229 }
2230 return allowLocal && hostnameRegex.isValid(domain);
2231 }
2232
2233 /**
2234 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any
2235 * IANA-defined country code top-level domain. Leading dots are
2236 * ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive.
2237 * @param ccTld the parameter to check for country code TLD status, not null
2238 * @return true if the parameter is a country code TLD
2239 */
2240 public boolean isValidCountryCodeTld(final String ccTld) {
2241 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(ccTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
2242 return (arrayContains(COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS, key) || arrayContains(myCountryCodeTLDsPlus, key)) && !arrayContains(myCountryCodeTLDsMinus, key);
2243 }
2244
2245 // package protected for unit test access
2246 // must agree with isValid() above
2247 final boolean isValidDomainSyntax(String domain) {
2248 if (domain == null) {
2249 return false;
2250 }
2251 domain = unicodeToASCII(domain);
2252 // hosts must be equally reachable via punycode and Unicode
2253 // Unicode is never shorter than punycode, so check punycode
2254 // if domain did not convert, then it will be caught by ASCII
2255 // checks in the regexes below
2256 if (domain.length() > MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH) {
2257 return false;
2258 }
2259 final String[] groups = domainRegex.match(domain);
2260 return groups != null && groups.length > 0 || hostnameRegex.isValid(domain);
2261 }
2262 /**
2263 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any
2264 * IANA-defined generic top-level domain. Leading dots are ignored
2265 * if present. The search is case-insensitive.
2266 * @param gTld the parameter to check for generic TLD status, not null
2267 * @return true if the parameter is a generic TLD
2268 */
2269 public boolean isValidGenericTld(final String gTld) {
2270 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(gTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
2271 return (arrayContains(GENERIC_TLDS, key) || arrayContains(myGenericTLDsPlus, key)) && !arrayContains(myGenericTLDsMinus, key);
2272 }
2273
2274 /**
2275 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any
2276 * IANA-defined infrastructure top-level domain. Leading dots are
2277 * ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive.
2278 * @param iTld the parameter to check for infrastructure TLD status, not null
2279 * @return true if the parameter is an infrastructure TLD
2280 */
2281 public boolean isValidInfrastructureTld(final String iTld) {
2282 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(iTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
2283 return arrayContains(INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS, key);
2284 }
2285
2286 /**
2287 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any
2288 * widely used "local" domains (localhost or localdomain). Leading dots are
2289 * ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive.
2290 * @param lTld the parameter to check for local TLD status, not null
2291 * @return true if the parameter is an local TLD
2292 */
2293 public boolean isValidLocalTld(final String lTld) {
2294 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(lTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
2295 return (arrayContains(LOCAL_TLDS, key) || arrayContains(myLocalTLDsPlus, key))
2296 && !arrayContains(myLocalTLDsMinus, key);
2297 }
2298
2299 /**
2300 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any
2301 * IANA-defined top-level domain. Leading dots are ignored if present.
2302 * The search is case-insensitive.
2303 * <p>
2304 * If allowLocal is true, the TLD is checked using {@link #isValidLocalTld(String)}.
2305 * The TLD is then checked against {@link #isValidInfrastructureTld(String)},
2306 * {@link #isValidGenericTld(String)} and {@link #isValidCountryCodeTld(String)}
2307 * @param tld the parameter to check for TLD status, not null
2308 * @return true if the parameter is a TLD
2309 */
2310 public boolean isValidTld(final String tld) {
2311 if (allowLocal && isValidLocalTld(tld)) {
2312 return true;
2313 }
2314 return isValidInfrastructureTld(tld)
2315 || isValidGenericTld(tld)
2316 || isValidCountryCodeTld(tld);
2317 }
2318 }