1 /*
2 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
3 * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
4 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
5 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
6 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
7 * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
8 *
9 * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
10 *
11 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
12 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
13 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
14 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
15 * limitations under the License.
16 */
17 package org.apache.commons.validator.routines;
18
19 import java.io.Serializable;
20 import java.net.IDN;
21 import java.util.Arrays;
22 import java.util.List;
23 import java.util.Locale;
24
25 /**
26 * <p><strong>Domain name</strong> validation routines.</p>
27 *
28 * <p>
29 * This validator provides methods for validating Internet domain names
30 * and top-level domains.
31 * </p>
32 *
33 * <p>Domain names are evaluated according
34 * to the standards <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1034.txt">RFC1034</a>,
35 * section 3, and <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1123.txt">RFC1123</a>,
36 * section 2.1. No accommodation is provided for the specialized needs of
37 * other applications; if the domain name has been URL-encoded, for example,
38 * validation will fail even though the equivalent plaintext version of the
39 * same name would have passed.
40 * </p>
41 *
42 * <p>
43 * Validation is also provided for top-level domains (TLDs) as defined and
44 * maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA):
45 * </p>
46 *
47 * <ul>
48 * <li>{@link #isValidInfrastructureTld} - validates infrastructure TLDs
49 * ({@code .arpa}, etc.)</li>
50 * <li>{@link #isValidGenericTld} - validates generic TLDs
51 * ({@code .com, .org}, etc.)</li>
52 * <li>{@link #isValidCountryCodeTld} - validates country code TLDs
53 * ({@code .us, .uk, .cn}, etc.)</li>
54 * </ul>
55 *
56 * <p>
57 * (<strong>NOTE</strong>: This class does not provide IP address lookup for domain names or
58 * methods to ensure that a given domain name matches a specific IP; see
59 * {@link java.net.InetAddress} for that functionality.)
60 * </p>
61 *
62 * @since 1.4
63 */
64 public class DomainValidator implements Serializable {
65
66 /**
67 * enum used by {@link DomainValidator#updateTLDOverride(ArrayType, String[])}
68 * to determine which override array to update / fetch
69 * @since 1.5.0
70 * @since 1.5.1 made public and added read-only array references
71 */
72 public enum ArrayType {
73 /** Update (or get a copy of) the GENERIC_TLDS_PLUS table containing additional generic TLDs */
74 GENERIC_PLUS,
75 /** Update (or get a copy of) the GENERIC_TLDS_MINUS table containing deleted generic TLDs */
76 GENERIC_MINUS,
77 /** Update (or get a copy of) the COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS_PLUS table containing additional country code TLDs */
78 COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS,
79 /** Update (or get a copy of) the COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS_MINUS table containing deleted country code TLDs */
80 COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS,
81 /** Gets a copy of the generic TLDS table */
82 GENERIC_RO,
83 /** Gets a copy of the country code table */
84 COUNTRY_CODE_RO,
85 /** Gets a copy of the infrastructure table */
86 INFRASTRUCTURE_RO,
87 /** Gets a copy of the local table */
88 LOCAL_RO,
89 /**
90 * Update (or get a copy of) the LOCAL_TLDS_PLUS table containing additional local TLDs
91 * @since 1.7
92 */
93 LOCAL_PLUS,
94 /**
95 * Update (or get a copy of) the LOCAL_TLDS_MINUS table containing deleted local TLDs
96 * @since 1.7
97 */
98 LOCAL_MINUS
99 ;
100 }
101
102 private static class IDNBUGHOLDER {
103 private static final boolean IDN_TOASCII_PRESERVES_TRAILING_DOTS = keepsTrailingDot();
104 private static boolean keepsTrailingDot() {
105 final String input = "a."; // must be a valid name
106 return input.equals(IDN.toASCII(input));
107 }
108 }
109
110 /**
111 * Used to specify overrides when creating a new class.
112 * @since 1.7
113 */
114 public static class Item {
115 final ArrayType type;
116 final String[] values;
117
118 /**
119 * Constructs a new instance.
120 * @param type ArrayType, for example, GENERIC_PLUS, LOCAL_PLUS
121 * @param values array of TLDs. Will be lower-cased and sorted
122 */
123 public Item(final ArrayType type, final String... values) {
124 this.type = type;
125 this.values = values; // no need to copy here
126 }
127 }
128
129 // Regular expression strings for hostnames (derived from RFC2396 and RFC 1123)
130
131 private static class LazyHolder { // IODH
132
133 /**
134 * Singleton instance of this validator, which
135 * doesn't consider local addresses as valid.
136 */
137 private static final DomainValidator DOMAIN_VALIDATOR = new DomainValidator(false);
138
139 /**
140 * Singleton instance of this validator, which does
141 * consider local addresses valid.
142 */
143 private static final DomainValidator DOMAIN_VALIDATOR_WITH_LOCAL = new DomainValidator(true);
144
145 }
146
147 /** Maximum allowable length ({@value}) of a domain name */
148 private static final int MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH = 253;
149
150 private static final String[] EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY = {};
151
152 private static final long serialVersionUID = -4407125112880174009L;
153
154 // RFC2396: domainlabel = alphanum | alphanum *( alphanum | "-" ) alphanum
155 // Max 63 characters
156 private static final String DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX = "\\p{Alnum}(?>[\\p{Alnum}-]{0,61}\\p{Alnum})?";
157
158 // RFC2396 toplabel = alpha | alpha *( alphanum | "-" ) alphanum
159 // Max 63 characters
160 private static final String TOP_LABEL_REGEX = "\\p{Alpha}(?>[\\p{Alnum}-]{0,61}\\p{Alnum})?";
161
162 /**
163 * The above instances must only be returned via the getInstance() methods.
164 * This is to ensure that the override data arrays are properly protected.
165 */
166
167 // RFC2396 hostname = *( domainlabel "." ) toplabel [ "." ]
168 // Note that the regex currently requires both a domain label and a top level label, whereas
169 // the RFC does not. This is because the regex is used to detect if a TLD is present.
170 // If the match fails, input is checked against DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX (hostnameRegex)
171 // RFC1123 sec 2.1 allows hostnames to start with a digit
172 private static final String DOMAIN_NAME_REGEX =
173 "^(?:" + DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX + "\\.)+" + "(" + TOP_LABEL_REGEX + ")\\.?$";
174 private static final String UNEXPECTED_ENUM_VALUE = "Unexpected enum value: ";
175
176 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
177 private static final String[] INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS = {
178 "arpa", // internet infrastructure
179 };
180
181 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
182 private static final String[] GENERIC_TLDS = {
183 // Taken from:
184 // Version 2025061000, Last Updated Tue Jun 10 07:07:01 2025 UTC
185 "aaa", // aaa American Automobile Association, Inc.
186 "aarp", // aarp AARP
187 // "abarth", // abarth Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
188 "abb", // abb ABB Ltd
189 "abbott", // abbott Abbott Laboratories, Inc.
190 "abbvie", // abbvie AbbVie Inc.
191 "abc", // abc Disney Enterprises, Inc.
192 "able", // able Able Inc.
193 "abogado", // abogado Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
194 "abudhabi", // abudhabi Abu Dhabi Systems and Information Centre
195 "academy", // academy Half Oaks, LLC
196 "accenture", // accenture Accenture plc
197 "accountant", // accountant dot Accountant Limited
198 "accountants", // accountants Knob Town, LLC
199 "aco", // aco ACO Severin Ahlmann GmbH & Co. KG
200 // "active", // active The Active Network, Inc
201 "actor", // actor United TLD Holdco Ltd.
202 // "adac", // adac Allgemeiner Deutscher Automobil-Club e.V. (ADAC)
203 "ads", // ads Charleston Road Registry Inc.
204 "adult", // adult ICM Registry AD LLC
205 "aeg", // aeg Aktiebolaget Electrolux
206 "aero", // aero Societe Internationale de Telecommunications Aeronautique (SITA INC USA)
207 "aetna", // aetna Aetna Life Insurance Company
208 // "afamilycompany", // afamilycompany Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
209 "afl", // afl Australian Football League
210 "africa", // africa ZA Central Registry NPC trading as Registry.Africa
211 "agakhan", // agakhan Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation)
212 "agency", // agency Steel Falls, LLC
213 "aig", // aig American International Group, Inc.
214 // "aigo", // aigo aigo Digital Technology Co,Ltd. [Not assigned as of Jul 25]
215 "airbus", // airbus Airbus S.A.S.
216 "airforce", // airforce United TLD Holdco Ltd.
217 "airtel", // airtel Bharti Airtel Limited
218 "akdn", // akdn Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation)
219 // "alfaromeo", // alfaromeo Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
220 "alibaba", // alibaba Alibaba Group Holding Limited
221 "alipay", // alipay Alibaba Group Holding Limited
222 "allfinanz", // allfinanz Allfinanz Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft
223 "allstate", // allstate Allstate Fire and Casualty Insurance Company
224 "ally", // ally Ally Financial Inc.
225 "alsace", // alsace REGION D ALSACE
226 "alstom", // alstom ALSTOM
227 "amazon", // amazon Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
228 "americanexpress", // americanexpress American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.
229 "americanfamily", // americanfamily AmFam, Inc.
230 "amex", // amex American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.
231 "amfam", // amfam AmFam, Inc.
232 "amica", // amica Amica Mutual Insurance Company
233 "amsterdam", // amsterdam Gemeente Amsterdam
234 "analytics", // analytics Campus IP LLC
235 "android", // android Charleston Road Registry Inc.
236 "anquan", // anquan QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.
237 "anz", // anz Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited
238 "aol", // aol AOL Inc.
239 "apartments", // apartments June Maple, LLC
240 "app", // app Charleston Road Registry Inc.
241 "apple", // apple Apple Inc.
242 "aquarelle", // aquarelle Aquarelle.com
243 "arab", // arab League of Arab States
244 "aramco", // aramco Aramco Services Company
245 "archi", // archi STARTING DOT LIMITED
246 "army", // army United TLD Holdco Ltd.
247 "art", // art UK Creative Ideas Limited
248 "arte", // arte Association Relative à la Télévision Européenne G.E.I.E.
249 "asda", // asda Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
250 "asia", // asia DotAsia Organisation Ltd.
251 "associates", // associates Baxter Hill, LLC
252 "athleta", // athleta The Gap, Inc.
253 "attorney", // attorney United TLD Holdco, Ltd
254 "auction", // auction United TLD HoldCo, Ltd.
255 "audi", // audi AUDI Aktiengesellschaft
256 "audible", // audible Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
257 "audio", // audio Uniregistry, Corp.
258 "auspost", // auspost Australian Postal Corporation
259 "author", // author Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
260 "auto", // auto Uniregistry, Corp.
261 "autos", // autos DERAutos, LLC
262 // "avianca", // avianca Aerovias del Continente Americano S.A. Avianca
263 "aws", // aws Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
264 "axa", // axa AXA SA
265 "azure", // azure Microsoft Corporation
266 "baby", // baby Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc.
267 "baidu", // baidu Baidu, Inc.
268 "banamex", // banamex Citigroup Inc.
269 // "bananarepublic", // bananarepublic The Gap, Inc.
270 "band", // band United TLD Holdco, Ltd
271 "bank", // bank fTLD Registry Services, LLC
272 "bar", // bar Punto 2012 Sociedad Anonima Promotora de Inversion de Capital Variable
273 "barcelona", // barcelona Municipi de Barcelona
274 "barclaycard", // barclaycard Barclays Bank PLC
275 "barclays", // barclays Barclays Bank PLC
276 "barefoot", // barefoot Gallo Vineyards, Inc.
277 "bargains", // bargains Half Hallow, LLC
278 "baseball", // baseball MLB Advanced Media DH, LLC
279 "basketball", // basketball Fédération Internationale de Basketball (FIBA)
280 "bauhaus", // bauhaus Werkhaus GmbH
281 "bayern", // bayern Bayern Connect GmbH
282 "bbc", // bbc British Broadcasting Corporation
283 "bbt", // bbt BB&T Corporation
284 "bbva", // bbva BANCO BILBAO VIZCAYA ARGENTARIA, S.A.
285 "bcg", // bcg The Boston Consulting Group, Inc.
286 "bcn", // bcn Municipi de Barcelona
287 "beats", // beats Beats Electronics, LLC
288 "beauty", // beauty L'Oréal
289 "beer", // beer Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
290 // "bentley", // bentley Bentley Motors Limited
291 "berlin", // berlin dotBERLIN GmbH & Co. KG
292 "best", // best BestTLD Pty Ltd
293 "bestbuy", // bestbuy BBY Solutions, Inc.
294 "bet", // bet Afilias plc
295 "bharti", // bharti Bharti Enterprises (Holding) Private Limited
296 "bible", // bible American Bible Society
297 "bid", // bid dot Bid Limited
298 "bike", // bike Grand Hollow, LLC
299 "bing", // bing Microsoft Corporation
300 "bingo", // bingo Sand Cedar, LLC
301 "bio", // bio STARTING DOT LIMITED
302 "biz", // biz Neustar, Inc.
303 "black", // black Afilias Limited
304 "blackfriday", // blackfriday Uniregistry, Corp.
305 // "blanco", // blanco BLANCO GmbH + Co KG
306 "blockbuster", // blockbuster Dish DBS Corporation
307 "blog", // blog Knock Knock WHOIS There, LLC
308 "bloomberg", // bloomberg Bloomberg IP Holdings LLC
309 "blue", // blue Afilias Limited
310 "bms", // bms Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
311 "bmw", // bmw Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft
312 // "bnl", // bnl Banca Nazionale del Lavoro
313 "bnpparibas", // bnpparibas BNP Paribas
314 "boats", // boats DERBoats, LLC
315 "boehringer", // boehringer Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH
316 "bofa", // bofa NMS Services, Inc.
317 "bom", // bom Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br
318 "bond", // bond Bond University Limited
319 "boo", // boo Charleston Road Registry Inc.
320 "book", // book Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
321 "booking", // booking Booking.com B.V.
322 // "boots", // boots THE BOOTS COMPANY PLC
323 "bosch", // bosch Robert Bosch GMBH
324 "bostik", // bostik Bostik SA
325 "boston", // boston Boston TLD Management, LLC
326 "bot", // bot Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
327 "boutique", // boutique Over Galley, LLC
328 "box", // box NS1 Limited
329 "bradesco", // bradesco Banco Bradesco S.A.
330 "bridgestone", // bridgestone Bridgestone Corporation
331 "broadway", // broadway Celebrate Broadway, Inc.
332 "broker", // broker DOTBROKER REGISTRY LTD
333 "brother", // brother Brother Industries, Ltd.
334 "brussels", // brussels DNS.be vzw
335 // "budapest", // budapest Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
336 // "bugatti", // bugatti Bugatti International SA
337 "build", // build Plan Bee LLC
338 "builders", // builders Atomic Madison, LLC
339 "business", // business Spring Cross, LLC
340 "buy", // buy Amazon Registry Services, INC
341 "buzz", // buzz DOTSTRATEGY CO.
342 "bzh", // bzh Association www.bzh
343 "cab", // cab Half Sunset, LLC
344 "cafe", // cafe Pioneer Canyon, LLC
345 "cal", // cal Charleston Road Registry Inc.
346 "call", // call Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
347 "calvinklein", // calvinklein PVH gTLD Holdings LLC
348 "cam", // cam AC Webconnecting Holding B.V.
349 "camera", // camera Atomic Maple, LLC
350 "camp", // camp Delta Dynamite, LLC
351 // "cancerresearch", // cancerresearch Australian Cancer Research Foundation
352 "canon", // canon Canon Inc.
353 "capetown", // capetown ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry
354 "capital", // capital Delta Mill, LLC
355 "capitalone", // capitalone Capital One Financial Corporation
356 "car", // car Cars Registry Limited
357 "caravan", // caravan Caravan International, Inc.
358 "cards", // cards Foggy Hollow, LLC
359 "care", // care Goose Cross, LLC
360 "career", // career dotCareer LLC
361 "careers", // careers Wild Corner, LLC
362 "cars", // cars Uniregistry, Corp.
363 // "cartier", // cartier Richemont DNS Inc.
364 "casa", // casa Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
365 "case", // case CNH Industrial N.V.
366 // "caseih", // caseih CNH Industrial N.V.
367 "cash", // cash Delta Lake, LLC
368 "casino", // casino Binky Sky, LLC
369 "cat", // cat Fundacio puntCAT
370 "catering", // catering New Falls. LLC
371 "catholic", // catholic Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication)
372 "cba", // cba COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA
373 "cbn", // cbn The Christian Broadcasting Network, Inc.
374 "cbre", // cbre CBRE, Inc.
375 // "cbs", // cbs CBS Domains Inc.
376 // "ceb", // ceb The Corporate Executive Board Company
377 "center", // center Tin Mill, LLC
378 "ceo", // ceo CEOTLD Pty Ltd
379 "cern", // cern European Organization for Nuclear Research ("CERN")
380 "cfa", // cfa CFA Institute
381 "cfd", // cfd DOTCFD REGISTRY LTD
382 "chanel", // chanel Chanel International B.V.
383 "channel", // channel Charleston Road Registry Inc.
384 "charity", // charity Corn Lake, LLC
385 "chase", // chase JPMorgan Chase & Co.
386 "chat", // chat Sand Fields, LLC
387 "cheap", // cheap Sand Cover, LLC
388 "chintai", // chintai CHINTAI Corporation
389 // "chloe", // chloe Richemont DNS Inc. (Not assigned)
390 "christmas", // christmas Uniregistry, Corp.
391 "chrome", // chrome Charleston Road Registry Inc.
392 // "chrysler", // chrysler FCA US LLC.
393 "church", // church Holly Fileds, LLC
394 "cipriani", // cipriani Hotel Cipriani Srl
395 "circle", // circle Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
396 "cisco", // cisco Cisco Technology, Inc.
397 "citadel", // citadel Citadel Domain LLC
398 "citi", // citi Citigroup Inc.
399 "citic", // citic CITIC Group Corporation
400 "city", // city Snow Sky, LLC
401 // "cityeats", // cityeats Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
402 "claims", // claims Black Corner, LLC
403 "cleaning", // cleaning Fox Shadow, LLC
404 "click", // click Uniregistry, Corp.
405 "clinic", // clinic Goose Park, LLC
406 "clinique", // clinique The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.
407 "clothing", // clothing Steel Lake, LLC
408 "cloud", // cloud ARUBA S.p.A.
409 "club", // club .CLUB DOMAINS, LLC
410 "clubmed", // clubmed Club Méditerranée S.A.
411 "coach", // coach Koko Island, LLC
412 "codes", // codes Puff Willow, LLC
413 "coffee", // coffee Trixy Cover, LLC
414 "college", // college XYZ.COM LLC
415 "cologne", // cologne NetCologne Gesellschaft für Telekommunikation mbH
416 "com", // com VeriSign Global Registry Services
417 // "comcast", // comcast Comcast IP Holdings I, LLC
418 "commbank", // commbank COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA
419 "community", // community Fox Orchard, LLC
420 "company", // company Silver Avenue, LLC
421 "compare", // compare iSelect Ltd
422 "computer", // computer Pine Mill, LLC
423 "comsec", // comsec VeriSign, Inc.
424 "condos", // condos Pine House, LLC
425 "construction", // construction Fox Dynamite, LLC
426 "consulting", // consulting United TLD Holdco, LTD.
427 "contact", // contact Top Level Spectrum, Inc.
428 "contractors", // contractors Magic Woods, LLC
429 "cooking", // cooking Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
430 // "cookingchannel", // cookingchannel Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
431 "cool", // cool Koko Lake, LLC
432 "coop", // coop DotCooperation LLC
433 "corsica", // corsica Collectivité Territoriale de Corse
434 "country", // country Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
435 "coupon", // coupon Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
436 "coupons", // coupons Black Island, LLC
437 "courses", // courses OPEN UNIVERSITIES AUSTRALIA PTY LTD
438 "cpa", // cpa American Institute of Certified Public Accountants
439 "credit", // credit Snow Shadow, LLC
440 "creditcard", // creditcard Binky Frostbite, LLC
441 "creditunion", // creditunion CUNA Performance Resources, LLC
442 "cricket", // cricket dot Cricket Limited
443 "crown", // crown Crown Equipment Corporation
444 "crs", // crs Federated Co-operatives Limited
445 "cruise", // cruise Viking River Cruises (Bermuda) Ltd.
446 "cruises", // cruises Spring Way, LLC
447 // "csc", // csc Alliance-One Services, Inc.
448 "cuisinella", // cuisinella SALM S.A.S.
449 "cymru", // cymru Nominet UK
450 "cyou", // cyou Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd.
451 // "dabur", // dabur Dabur India Limited
452 "dad", // dad Charleston Road Registry Inc.
453 "dance", // dance United TLD Holdco Ltd.
454 "data", // data Dish DBS Corporation
455 "date", // date dot Date Limited
456 "dating", // dating Pine Fest, LLC
457 "datsun", // datsun NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD.
458 "day", // day Charleston Road Registry Inc.
459 "dclk", // dclk Charleston Road Registry Inc.
460 "dds", // dds Minds + Machines Group Limited
461 "deal", // deal Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
462 "dealer", // dealer Dealer Dot Com, Inc.
463 "deals", // deals Sand Sunset, LLC
464 "degree", // degree United TLD Holdco, Ltd
465 "delivery", // delivery Steel Station, LLC
466 "dell", // dell Dell Inc.
467 "deloitte", // deloitte Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu
468 "delta", // delta Delta Air Lines, Inc.
469 "democrat", // democrat United TLD Holdco Ltd.
470 "dental", // dental Tin Birch, LLC
471 "dentist", // dentist United TLD Holdco, Ltd
472 "desi", // desi Desi Networks LLC
473 "design", // design Top Level Design, LLC
474 "dev", // dev Charleston Road Registry Inc.
475 "dhl", // dhl Deutsche Post AG
476 "diamonds", // diamonds John Edge, LLC
477 "diet", // diet Uniregistry, Corp.
478 "digital", // digital Dash Park, LLC
479 "direct", // direct Half Trail, LLC
480 "directory", // directory Extra Madison, LLC
481 "discount", // discount Holly Hill, LLC
482 "discover", // discover Discover Financial Services
483 "dish", // dish Dish DBS Corporation
484 "diy", // diy Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
485 "dnp", // dnp Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd.
486 "docs", // docs Charleston Road Registry Inc.
487 "doctor", // doctor Brice Trail, LLC
488 // "dodge", // dodge FCA US LLC.
489 "dog", // dog Koko Mill, LLC
490 // "doha", // doha Communications Regulatory Authority (CRA)
491 "domains", // domains Sugar Cross, LLC
492 // "doosan", // doosan Doosan Corporation (retired)
493 "dot", // dot Dish DBS Corporation
494 "download", // download dot Support Limited
495 "drive", // drive Charleston Road Registry Inc.
496 "dtv", // dtv Dish DBS Corporation
497 "dubai", // dubai Dubai Smart Government Department
498 // "duck", // duck Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
499 "dunlop", // dunlop The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company
500 // "duns", // duns The Dun & Bradstreet Corporation
501 "dupont", // dupont E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company
502 "durban", // durban ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry
503 "dvag", // dvag Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG
504 "dvr", // dvr Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation
505 "earth", // earth Interlink Co., Ltd.
506 "eat", // eat Charleston Road Registry Inc.
507 "eco", // eco Big Room Inc.
508 "edeka", // edeka EDEKA Verband kaufmännischer Genossenschaften e.V.
509 "edu", // edu EDUCAUSE
510 "education", // education Brice Way, LLC
511 "email", // email Spring Madison, LLC
512 "emerck", // emerck Merck KGaA
513 "energy", // energy Binky Birch, LLC
514 "engineer", // engineer United TLD Holdco Ltd.
515 "engineering", // engineering Romeo Canyon
516 "enterprises", // enterprises Snow Oaks, LLC
517 // "epost", // epost Deutsche Post AG
518 "epson", // epson Seiko Epson Corporation
519 "equipment", // equipment Corn Station, LLC
520 "ericsson", // ericsson Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson
521 "erni", // erni ERNI Group Holding AG
522 "esq", // esq Charleston Road Registry Inc.
523 "estate", // estate Trixy Park, LLC
524 // "esurance", // esurance Esurance Insurance Company (not assigned as at Version 2020062100)
525 // "etisalat", // etisalat Emirates Telecommunic
526 "eurovision", // eurovision European Broadcasting Union (EBU)
527 "eus", // eus Puntueus Fundazioa
528 "events", // events Pioneer Maple, LLC
529 // "everbank", // everbank EverBank
530 "exchange", // exchange Spring Falls, LLC
531 "expert", // expert Magic Pass, LLC
532 "exposed", // exposed Victor Beach, LLC
533 "express", // express Sea Sunset, LLC
534 "extraspace", // extraspace Extra Space Storage LLC
535 "fage", // fage Fage International S.A.
536 "fail", // fail Atomic Pipe, LLC
537 "fairwinds", // fairwinds FairWinds Partners, LLC
538 "faith", // faith dot Faith Limited
539 "family", // family United TLD Holdco Ltd.
540 "fan", // fan Asiamix Digital Ltd
541 "fans", // fans Asiamix Digital Limited
542 "farm", // farm Just Maple, LLC
543 "farmers", // farmers Farmers Insurance Exchange
544 "fashion", // fashion Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
545 "fast", // fast Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
546 "fedex", // fedex Federal Express Corporation
547 "feedback", // feedback Top Level Spectrum, Inc.
548 "ferrari", // ferrari Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
549 "ferrero", // ferrero Ferrero Trading Lux S.A.
550 // "fiat", // fiat Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
551 "fidelity", // fidelity Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC
552 "fido", // fido Rogers Communications Canada Inc.
553 "film", // film Motion Picture Domain Registry Pty Ltd
554 "final", // final Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br
555 "finance", // finance Cotton Cypress, LLC
556 "financial", // financial Just Cover, LLC
557 "fire", // fire Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
558 "firestone", // firestone Bridgestone Corporation
559 "firmdale", // firmdale Firmdale Holdings Limited
560 "fish", // fish Fox Woods, LLC
561 "fishing", // fishing Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
562 "fit", // fit Minds + Machines Group Limited
563 "fitness", // fitness Brice Orchard, LLC
564 "flickr", // flickr Yahoo! Domain Services Inc.
565 "flights", // flights Fox Station, LLC
566 "flir", // flir FLIR Systems, Inc.
567 "florist", // florist Half Cypress, LLC
568 "flowers", // flowers Uniregistry, Corp.
569 // "flsmidth", // flsmidth FLSmidth A/S retired 2016-07-22
570 "fly", // fly Charleston Road Registry Inc.
571 "foo", // foo Charleston Road Registry Inc.
572 "food", // food Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
573 // "foodnetwork", // foodnetwork Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
574 "football", // football Foggy Farms, LLC
575 "ford", // ford Ford Motor Company
576 "forex", // forex DOTFOREX REGISTRY LTD
577 "forsale", // forsale United TLD Holdco, LLC
578 "forum", // forum Fegistry, LLC
579 "foundation", // foundation John Dale, LLC
580 "fox", // fox FOX Registry, LLC
581 "free", // free Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
582 "fresenius", // fresenius Fresenius Immobilien-Verwaltungs-GmbH
583 "frl", // frl FRLregistry B.V.
584 "frogans", // frogans OP3FT
585 // "frontdoor", // frontdoor Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
586 "frontier", // frontier Frontier Communications Corporation
587 "ftr", // ftr Frontier Communications Corporation
588 "fujitsu", // fujitsu Fujitsu Limited
589 // "fujixerox", // fujixerox Xerox DNHC LLC
590 "fun", // fun DotSpace, Inc.
591 "fund", // fund John Castle, LLC
592 "furniture", // furniture Lone Fields, LLC
593 "futbol", // futbol United TLD Holdco, Ltd.
594 "fyi", // fyi Silver Tigers, LLC
595 "gal", // gal Asociación puntoGAL
596 "gallery", // gallery Sugar House, LLC
597 "gallo", // gallo Gallo Vineyards, Inc.
598 "gallup", // gallup Gallup, Inc.
599 "game", // game Uniregistry, Corp.
600 "games", // games United TLD Holdco Ltd.
601 "gap", // gap The Gap, Inc.
602 "garden", // garden Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
603 "gay", // gay Top Level Design, LLC
604 "gbiz", // gbiz Charleston Road Registry Inc.
605 "gdn", // gdn Joint Stock Company "Navigation-information systems"
606 "gea", // gea GEA Group Aktiengesellschaft
607 "gent", // gent COMBELL GROUP NV/SA
608 "genting", // genting Resorts World Inc. Pte. Ltd.
609 "george", // george Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
610 "ggee", // ggee GMO Internet, Inc.
611 "gift", // gift Uniregistry, Corp.
612 "gifts", // gifts Goose Sky, LLC
613 "gives", // gives United TLD Holdco Ltd.
614 "giving", // giving Giving Limited
615 // "glade", // glade Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
616 "glass", // glass Black Cover, LLC
617 "gle", // gle Charleston Road Registry Inc.
618 "global", // global Dot Global Domain Registry Limited
619 "globo", // globo Globo Comunicação e Participações S.A
620 "gmail", // gmail Charleston Road Registry Inc.
621 "gmbh", // gmbh Extra Dynamite, LLC
622 "gmo", // gmo GMO Internet, Inc.
623 "gmx", // gmx 1&1 Mail & Media GmbH
624 "godaddy", // godaddy Go Daddy East, LLC
625 "gold", // gold June Edge, LLC
626 "goldpoint", // goldpoint YODOBASHI CAMERA CO.,LTD.
627 "golf", // golf Lone Falls, LLC
628 "goo", // goo NTT Resonant Inc.
629 // "goodhands", // goodhands Allstate Fire and Casualty Insurance Company
630 "goodyear", // goodyear The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company
631 "goog", // goog Charleston Road Registry Inc.
632 "google", // google Charleston Road Registry Inc.
633 "gop", // gop Republican State Leadership Committee, Inc.
634 "got", // got Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
635 "gov", // gov General Services Administration Attn: QTDC, 2E08 (.gov Domain Registration)
636 "grainger", // grainger Grainger Registry Services, LLC
637 "graphics", // graphics Over Madison, LLC
638 "gratis", // gratis Pioneer Tigers, LLC
639 "green", // green Afilias Limited
640 "gripe", // gripe Corn Sunset, LLC
641 "grocery", // grocery Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
642 "group", // group Romeo Town, LLC
643 // "guardian", // guardian The Guardian Life Insurance Company of America
644 "gucci", // gucci Guccio Gucci S.p.a.
645 "guge", // guge Charleston Road Registry Inc.
646 "guide", // guide Snow Moon, LLC
647 "guitars", // guitars Uniregistry, Corp.
648 "guru", // guru Pioneer Cypress, LLC
649 "hair", // hair L'Oreal
650 "hamburg", // hamburg Hamburg Top-Level-Domain GmbH
651 "hangout", // hangout Charleston Road Registry Inc.
652 "haus", // haus United TLD Holdco, LTD.
653 "hbo", // hbo HBO Registry Services, Inc.
654 "hdfc", // hdfc HOUSING DEVELOPMENT FINANCE CORPORATION LIMITED
655 "hdfcbank", // hdfcbank HDFC Bank Limited
656 "health", // health DotHealth, LLC
657 "healthcare", // healthcare Silver Glen, LLC
658 "help", // help Uniregistry, Corp.
659 "helsinki", // helsinki City of Helsinki
660 "here", // here Charleston Road Registry Inc.
661 "hermes", // hermes Hermes International
662 // "hgtv", // hgtv Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
663 "hiphop", // hiphop Uniregistry, Corp.
664 "hisamitsu", // hisamitsu Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical Co.,Inc.
665 "hitachi", // hitachi Hitachi, Ltd.
666 "hiv", // hiv dotHIV gemeinnuetziger e.V.
667 "hkt", // hkt PCCW-HKT DataCom Services Limited
668 "hockey", // hockey Half Willow, LLC
669 "holdings", // holdings John Madison, LLC
670 "holiday", // holiday Goose Woods, LLC
671 "homedepot", // homedepot Homer TLC, Inc.
672 "homegoods", // homegoods The TJX Companies, Inc.
673 "homes", // homes DERHomes, LLC
674 "homesense", // homesense The TJX Companies, Inc.
675 "honda", // honda Honda Motor Co., Ltd.
676 // "honeywell", // honeywell Honeywell GTLD LLC
677 "horse", // horse Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
678 "hospital", // hospital Ruby Pike, LLC
679 "host", // host DotHost Inc.
680 "hosting", // hosting Uniregistry, Corp.
681 "hot", // hot Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
682 // "hoteles", // hoteles Travel Reservations SRL
683 "hotels", // hotels Booking.com B.V.
684 "hotmail", // hotmail Microsoft Corporation
685 "house", // house Sugar Park, LLC
686 "how", // how Charleston Road Registry Inc.
687 "hsbc", // hsbc HSBC Holdings PLC
688 // "htc", // htc HTC corporation (Not assigned)
689 "hughes", // hughes Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation
690 "hyatt", // hyatt Hyatt GTLD, L.L.C.
691 "hyundai", // hyundai Hyundai Motor Company
692 "ibm", // ibm International Business Machines Corporation
693 "icbc", // icbc Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited
694 "ice", // ice IntercontinentalExchange, Inc.
695 "icu", // icu One.com A/S
696 "ieee", // ieee IEEE Global LLC
697 "ifm", // ifm ifm electronic gmbh
698 // "iinet", // iinet Connect West Pty. Ltd. (Retired)
699 "ikano", // ikano Ikano S.A.
700 "imamat", // imamat Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation)
701 "imdb", // imdb Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
702 "immo", // immo Auburn Bloom, LLC
703 "immobilien", // immobilien United TLD Holdco Ltd.
704 "inc", // inc Intercap Holdings Inc.
705 "industries", // industries Outer House, LLC
706 "infiniti", // infiniti NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD.
707 "info", // info Afilias Limited
708 "ing", // ing Charleston Road Registry Inc.
709 "ink", // ink Top Level Design, LLC
710 "institute", // institute Outer Maple, LLC
711 "insurance", // insurance fTLD Registry Services LLC
712 "insure", // insure Pioneer Willow, LLC
713 "int", // int Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
714 // "intel", // intel Intel Corporation
715 "international", // international Wild Way, LLC
716 "intuit", // intuit Intuit Administrative Services, Inc.
717 "investments", // investments Holly Glen, LLC
718 "ipiranga", // ipiranga Ipiranga Produtos de Petroleo S.A.
719 "irish", // irish Dot-Irish LLC
720 // "iselect", // iselect iSelect Ltd
721 "ismaili", // ismaili Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation)
722 "ist", // ist Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality
723 "istanbul", // istanbul Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality / Medya A.S.
724 "itau", // itau Itau Unibanco Holding S.A.
725 "itv", // itv ITV Services Limited
726 // "iveco", // iveco CNH Industrial N.V.
727 // "iwc", // iwc Richemont DNS Inc.
728 "jaguar", // jaguar Jaguar Land Rover Ltd
729 "java", // java Oracle Corporation
730 "jcb", // jcb JCB Co., Ltd.
731 // "jcp", // jcp JCP Media, Inc.
732 "jeep", // jeep FCA US LLC.
733 "jetzt", // jetzt New TLD Company AB
734 "jewelry", // jewelry Wild Bloom, LLC
735 "jio", // jio Affinity Names, Inc.
736 // "jlc", // jlc Richemont DNS Inc.
737 "jll", // jll Jones Lang LaSalle Incorporated
738 "jmp", // jmp Matrix IP LLC
739 "jnj", // jnj Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc.
740 "jobs", // jobs Employ Media LLC
741 "joburg", // joburg ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry
742 "jot", // jot Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
743 "joy", // joy Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
744 "jpmorgan", // jpmorgan JPMorgan Chase & Co.
745 "jprs", // jprs Japan Registry Services Co., Ltd.
746 "juegos", // juegos Uniregistry, Corp.
747 "juniper", // juniper JUNIPER NETWORKS, INC.
748 "kaufen", // kaufen United TLD Holdco Ltd.
749 "kddi", // kddi KDDI CORPORATION
750 "kerryhotels", // kerryhotels Kerry Trading Co. Limited
751 "kerrylogistics", // kerrylogistics Kerry Trading Co. Limited
752 "kerryproperties", // kerryproperties Kerry Trading Co. Limited
753 "kfh", // kfh Kuwait Finance House
754 "kia", // kia KIA MOTORS CORPORATION
755 "kids", // kids DotKids Foundation Limited
756 "kim", // kim Afilias Limited
757 // "kinder", // kinder Ferrero Trading Lux S.A.
758 "kindle", // kindle Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
759 "kitchen", // kitchen Just Goodbye, LLC
760 "kiwi", // kiwi DOT KIWI LIMITED
761 "koeln", // koeln NetCologne Gesellschaft für Telekommunikation mbH
762 "komatsu", // komatsu Komatsu Ltd.
763 "kosher", // kosher Kosher Marketing Assets LLC
764 "kpmg", // kpmg KPMG International Cooperative (KPMG International Genossenschaft)
765 "kpn", // kpn Koninklijke KPN N.V.
766 "krd", // krd KRG Department of Information Technology
767 "kred", // kred KredTLD Pty Ltd
768 "kuokgroup", // kuokgroup Kerry Trading Co. Limited
769 "kyoto", // kyoto Academic Institution: Kyoto Jyoho Gakuen
770 "lacaixa", // lacaixa CAIXA D'ESTALVIS I PENSIONS DE BARCELONA
771 // "ladbrokes", // ladbrokes LADBROKES INTERNATIONAL PLC
772 "lamborghini", // lamborghini Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A.
773 "lamer", // lamer The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.
774 "lancaster", // lancaster LANCASTER
775 // "lancia", // lancia Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
776 // "lancome", // lancome L'Oréal
777 "land", // land Pine Moon, LLC
778 "landrover", // landrover Jaguar Land Rover Ltd
779 "lanxess", // lanxess LANXESS Corporation
780 "lasalle", // lasalle Jones Lang LaSalle Incorporated
781 "lat", // lat ECOM-LAC Federación de Latinoamérica y el Caribe para Internet y el Comercio Electrónico
782 "latino", // latino Dish DBS Corporation
783 "latrobe", // latrobe La Trobe University
784 "law", // law Minds + Machines Group Limited
785 "lawyer", // lawyer United TLD Holdco, Ltd
786 "lds", // lds IRI Domain Management, LLC
787 "lease", // lease Victor Trail, LLC
788 "leclerc", // leclerc A.C.D. LEC Association des Centres Distributeurs Edouard Leclerc
789 "lefrak", // lefrak LeFrak Organization, Inc.
790 "legal", // legal Blue Falls, LLC
791 "lego", // lego LEGO Juris A/S
792 "lexus", // lexus TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION
793 "lgbt", // lgbt Afilias Limited
794 // "liaison", // liaison Liaison Technologies, Incorporated
795 "lidl", // lidl Schwarz Domains und Services GmbH & Co. KG
796 "life", // life Trixy Oaks, LLC
797 "lifeinsurance", // lifeinsurance American Council of Life Insurers
798 "lifestyle", // lifestyle Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
799 "lighting", // lighting John McCook, LLC
800 "like", // like Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
801 "lilly", // lilly Eli Lilly and Company
802 "limited", // limited Big Fest, LLC
803 "limo", // limo Hidden Frostbite, LLC
804 "lincoln", // lincoln Ford Motor Company
805 // "linde", // linde Linde Aktiengesellschaft
806 "link", // link Uniregistry, Corp.
807 "lipsy", // lipsy Lipsy Ltd
808 "live", // live United TLD Holdco Ltd.
809 "living", // living Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
810 // "lixil", // lixil LIXIL Group Corporation
811 "llc", // llc Afilias plc
812 "llp", // llp Dot Registry LLC
813 "loan", // loan dot Loan Limited
814 "loans", // loans June Woods, LLC
815 "locker", // locker Dish DBS Corporation
816 "locus", // locus Locus Analytics LLC
817 // "loft", // loft Annco, Inc.
818 "lol", // lol Uniregistry, Corp.
819 "london", // london Dot London Domains Limited
820 "lotte", // lotte Lotte Holdings Co., Ltd.
821 "lotto", // lotto Afilias Limited
822 "love", // love Merchant Law Group LLP
823 "lpl", // lpl LPL Holdings, Inc.
824 "lplfinancial", // lplfinancial LPL Holdings, Inc.
825 "ltd", // ltd Over Corner, LLC
826 "ltda", // ltda InterNetX Corp.
827 "lundbeck", // lundbeck H. Lundbeck A/S
828 // "lupin", // lupin LUPIN LIMITED
829 "luxe", // luxe Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
830 "luxury", // luxury Luxury Partners LLC
831 // "macys", // macys Macys, Inc.
832 "madrid", // madrid Comunidad de Madrid
833 "maif", // maif Mutuelle Assurance Instituteur France (MAIF)
834 "maison", // maison Victor Frostbite, LLC
835 "makeup", // makeup L'Oréal
836 "man", // man MAN SE
837 "management", // management John Goodbye, LLC
838 "mango", // mango PUNTO FA S.L.
839 "map", // map Charleston Road Registry Inc.
840 "market", // market Unitied TLD Holdco, Ltd
841 "marketing", // marketing Fern Pass, LLC
842 "markets", // markets DOTMARKETS REGISTRY LTD
843 "marriott", // marriott Marriott Worldwide Corporation
844 "marshalls", // marshalls The TJX Companies, Inc.
845 // "maserati", // maserati Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
846 "mattel", // mattel Mattel Sites, Inc.
847 "mba", // mba Lone Hollow, LLC
848 // "mcd", // mcd McDonald’s Corporation (Not assigned)
849 // "mcdonalds", // mcdonalds McDonald’s Corporation (Not assigned)
850 "mckinsey", // mckinsey McKinsey Holdings, Inc.
851 "med", // med Medistry LLC
852 "media", // media Grand Glen, LLC
853 "meet", // meet Afilias Limited
854 "melbourne", // melbourne The Crown in right of the State of Victoria, represented by its Department of State Development, Business and Innovation
855 "meme", // meme Charleston Road Registry Inc.
856 "memorial", // memorial Dog Beach, LLC
857 "men", // men Exclusive Registry Limited
858 "menu", // menu Wedding TLD2, LLC
859 // "meo", // meo PT Comunicacoes S.A.
860 "merckmsd", // merckmsd MSD Registry Holdings, Inc.
861 // "metlife", // metlife MetLife Services and Solutions, LLC
862 "miami", // miami Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
863 "microsoft", // microsoft Microsoft Corporation
864 "mil", // mil DoD Network Information Center
865 "mini", // mini Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft
866 "mint", // mint Intuit Administrative Services, Inc.
867 "mit", // mit Massachusetts Institute of Technology
868 "mitsubishi", // mitsubishi Mitsubishi Corporation
869 "mlb", // mlb MLB Advanced Media DH, LLC
870 "mls", // mls The Canadian Real Estate Association
871 "mma", // mma MMA IARD
872 "mobi", // mobi Afilias Technologies Limited dba dotMobi
873 "mobile", // mobile Dish DBS Corporation
874 // "mobily", // mobily GreenTech Consultancy Company W.L.L.
875 "moda", // moda United TLD Holdco Ltd.
876 "moe", // moe Interlink Co., Ltd.
877 "moi", // moi Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
878 "mom", // mom Uniregistry, Corp.
879 "monash", // monash Monash University
880 "money", // money Outer McCook, LLC
881 "monster", // monster Monster Worldwide, Inc.
882 // "montblanc", // montblanc Richemont DNS Inc. (Not assigned)
883 // "mopar", // mopar FCA US LLC.
884 "mormon", // mormon IRI Domain Management, LLC ("Applicant")
885 "mortgage", // mortgage United TLD Holdco, Ltd
886 "moscow", // moscow Foundation for Assistance for Internet Technologies and Infrastructure Development (FAITID)
887 "moto", // moto Motorola Trademark Holdings, LLC
888 "motorcycles", // motorcycles DERMotorcycles, LLC
889 "mov", // mov Charleston Road Registry Inc.
890 "movie", // movie New Frostbite, LLC
891 // "movistar", // movistar Telefónica S.A.
892 "msd", // msd MSD Registry Holdings, Inc.
893 "mtn", // mtn MTN Dubai Limited
894 // "mtpc", // mtpc Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation (Retired)
895 "mtr", // mtr MTR Corporation Limited
896 "museum", // museum Museum Domain Management Association
897 "music", // music DotMusic Limited
898 // "mutual", // mutual Northwestern Mutual MU TLD Registry, LLC
899 // "mutuelle", // mutuelle Fédération Nationale de la Mutualité Française (Retired)
900 "nab", // nab National Australia Bank Limited
901 // "nadex", // nadex Nadex Domains, Inc
902 "nagoya", // nagoya GMO Registry, Inc.
903 "name", // name VeriSign Information Services, Inc.
904 // "nationwide", // nationwide Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company
905 // "natura", // natura NATURA COSMÉTICOS S.A.
906 "navy", // navy United TLD Holdco Ltd.
907 "nba", // nba NBA REGISTRY, LLC
908 "nec", // nec NEC Corporation
909 "net", // net VeriSign Global Registry Services
910 "netbank", // netbank COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA
911 "netflix", // netflix Netflix, Inc.
912 "network", // network Trixy Manor, LLC
913 "neustar", // neustar NeuStar, Inc.
914 "new", // new Charleston Road Registry Inc.
915 // "newholland", // newholland CNH Industrial N.V.
916 "news", // news United TLD Holdco Ltd.
917 "next", // next Next plc
918 "nextdirect", // nextdirect Next plc
919 "nexus", // nexus Charleston Road Registry Inc.
920 "nfl", // nfl NFL Reg Ops LLC
921 "ngo", // ngo Public Interest Registry
922 "nhk", // nhk Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK)
923 "nico", // nico DWANGO Co., Ltd.
924 "nike", // nike NIKE, Inc.
925 "nikon", // nikon NIKON CORPORATION
926 "ninja", // ninja United TLD Holdco Ltd.
927 "nissan", // nissan NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD.
928 "nissay", // nissay Nippon Life Insurance Company
929 "nokia", // nokia Nokia Corporation
930 // "northwesternmutual", // northwesternmutual Northwestern Mutual Registry, LLC
931 "norton", // norton Symantec Corporation
932 "now", // now Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
933 "nowruz", // nowruz Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
934 "nowtv", // nowtv Starbucks (HK) Limited
935 "nra", // nra NRA Holdings Company, INC.
936 "nrw", // nrw Minds + Machines GmbH
937 "ntt", // ntt NIPPON TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE CORPORATION
938 "nyc", // nyc The City of New York by and through the New York City Department of Information Technology & Telecommunications
939 "obi", // obi OBI Group Holding SE & Co. KGaA
940 "observer", // observer Top Level Spectrum, Inc.
941 // "off", // off Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
942 "office", // office Microsoft Corporation
943 "okinawa", // okinawa BusinessRalliart inc.
944 "olayan", // olayan Crescent Holding GmbH
945 "olayangroup", // olayangroup Crescent Holding GmbH
946 // "oldnavy", // oldnavy The Gap, Inc.
947 "ollo", // ollo Dish DBS Corporation
948 "omega", // omega The Swatch Group Ltd
949 "one", // one One.com A/S
950 "ong", // ong Public Interest Registry
951 "onl", // onl I-REGISTRY Ltd., Niederlassung Deutschland
952 "online", // online DotOnline Inc.
953 // "onyourside", // onyourside Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company
954 "ooo", // ooo INFIBEAM INCORPORATION LIMITED
955 "open", // open American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.
956 "oracle", // oracle Oracle Corporation
957 "orange", // orange Orange Brand Services Limited
958 "org", // org Public Interest Registry (PIR)
959 "organic", // organic Afilias Limited
960 // "orientexpress", // orientexpress Orient Express (retired 2017-04-11)
961 "origins", // origins The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.
962 "osaka", // osaka Interlink Co., Ltd.
963 "otsuka", // otsuka Otsuka Holdings Co., Ltd.
964 "ott", // ott Dish DBS Corporation
965 "ovh", // ovh OVH SAS
966 "page", // page Charleston Road Registry Inc.
967 // "pamperedchef", // pamperedchef The Pampered Chef, Ltd. (Not assigned)
968 "panasonic", // panasonic Panasonic Corporation
969 // "panerai", // panerai Richemont DNS Inc.
970 "paris", // paris City of Paris
971 "pars", // pars Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
972 "partners", // partners Magic Glen, LLC
973 "parts", // parts Sea Goodbye, LLC
974 "party", // party Blue Sky Registry Limited
975 // "passagens", // passagens Travel Reservations SRL
976 "pay", // pay Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
977 "pccw", // pccw PCCW Enterprises Limited
978 "pet", // pet Afilias plc
979 "pfizer", // pfizer Pfizer Inc.
980 "pharmacy", // pharmacy National Association of Boards of Pharmacy
981 "phd", // phd Charleston Road Registry Inc.
982 "philips", // philips Koninklijke Philips N.V.
983 "phone", // phone Dish DBS Corporation
984 "photo", // photo Uniregistry, Corp.
985 "photography", // photography Sugar Glen, LLC
986 "photos", // photos Sea Corner, LLC
987 "physio", // physio PhysBiz Pty Ltd
988 // "piaget", // piaget Richemont DNS Inc.
989 "pics", // pics Uniregistry, Corp.
990 "pictet", // pictet Pictet Europe S.A.
991 "pictures", // pictures Foggy Sky, LLC
992 "pid", // pid Top Level Spectrum, Inc.
993 "pin", // pin Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
994 "ping", // ping Ping Registry Provider, Inc.
995 "pink", // pink Afilias Limited
996 "pioneer", // pioneer Pioneer Corporation
997 "pizza", // pizza Foggy Moon, LLC
998 "place", // place Snow Galley, LLC
999 "play", // play Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1000 "playstation", // playstation Sony Computer Entertainment Inc.
1001 "plumbing", // plumbing Spring Tigers, LLC
1002 "plus", // plus Sugar Mill, LLC
1003 "pnc", // pnc PNC Domain Co., LLC
1004 "pohl", // pohl Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG
1005 "poker", // poker Afilias Domains No. 5 Limited
1006 "politie", // politie Politie Nederland
1007 "porn", // porn ICM Registry PN LLC
1008 "post", // post Universal Postal Union
1009 "pramerica", // pramerica Prudential Financial, Inc.
1010 "praxi", // praxi Praxi S.p.A.
1011 "press", // press DotPress Inc.
1012 "prime", // prime Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1013 "pro", // pro Registry Services Corporation dba RegistryPro
1014 "prod", // prod Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1015 "productions", // productions Magic Birch, LLC
1016 "prof", // prof Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1017 "progressive", // progressive Progressive Casualty Insurance Company
1018 "promo", // promo Afilias plc
1019 "properties", // properties Big Pass, LLC
1020 "property", // property Uniregistry, Corp.
1021 "protection", // protection XYZ.COM LLC
1022 "pru", // pru Prudential Financial, Inc.
1023 "prudential", // prudential Prudential Financial, Inc.
1024 "pub", // pub United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1025 "pwc", // pwc PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
1026 "qpon", // qpon dotCOOL, Inc.
1027 "quebec", // quebec PointQuébec Inc
1028 "quest", // quest Quest ION Limited
1029 // "qvc", // qvc QVC, Inc.
1030 "racing", // racing Premier Registry Limited
1031 "radio", // radio European Broadcasting Union (EBU)
1032 // "raid", // raid Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
1033 "read", // read Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1034 "realestate", // realestate dotRealEstate LLC
1035 "realtor", // realtor Real Estate Domains LLC
1036 "realty", // realty Fegistry, LLC
1037 "recipes", // recipes Grand Island, LLC
1038 "red", // red Afilias Limited
1039 "redstone", // redstone Redstone Haute Couture Co., Ltd.
1040 "redumbrella", // redumbrella Travelers TLD, LLC
1041 "rehab", // rehab United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1042 "reise", // reise Foggy Way, LLC
1043 "reisen", // reisen New Cypress, LLC
1044 "reit", // reit National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, Inc.
1045 "reliance", // reliance Reliance Industries Limited
1046 "ren", // ren Beijing Qianxiang Wangjing Technology Development Co., Ltd.
1047 "rent", // rent XYZ.COM LLC
1048 "rentals", // rentals Big Hollow,LLC
1049 "repair", // repair Lone Sunset, LLC
1050 "report", // report Binky Glen, LLC
1051 "republican", // republican United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1052 "rest", // rest Punto 2012 Sociedad Anonima Promotora de Inversion de Capital Variable
1053 "restaurant", // restaurant Snow Avenue, LLC
1054 "review", // review dot Review Limited
1055 "reviews", // reviews United TLD Holdco, Ltd.
1056 "rexroth", // rexroth Robert Bosch GMBH
1057 "rich", // rich I-REGISTRY Ltd., Niederlassung Deutschland
1058 "richardli", // richardli Pacific Century Asset Management (HK) Limited
1059 "ricoh", // ricoh Ricoh Company, Ltd.
1060 // "rightathome", // rightathome Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. (retired 2020-07-31)
1061 "ril", // ril Reliance Industries Limited
1062 "rio", // rio Empresa Municipal de Informática SA - IPLANRIO
1063 "rip", // rip United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1064 // "rmit", // rmit Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology
1065 // "rocher", // rocher Ferrero Trading Lux S.A.
1066 "rocks", // rocks United TLD Holdco, LTD.
1067 "rodeo", // rodeo Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1068 "rogers", // rogers Rogers Communications Canada Inc.
1069 "room", // room Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1070 "rsvp", // rsvp Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1071 "rugby", // rugby World Rugby Strategic Developments Limited
1072 "ruhr", // ruhr regiodot GmbH & Co. KG
1073 "run", // run Snow Park, LLC
1074 "rwe", // rwe RWE AG
1075 "ryukyu", // ryukyu BusinessRalliart inc.
1076 "saarland", // saarland dotSaarland GmbH
1077 "safe", // safe Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1078 "safety", // safety Safety Registry Services, LLC.
1079 "sakura", // sakura SAKURA Internet Inc.
1080 "sale", // sale United TLD Holdco, Ltd
1081 "salon", // salon Outer Orchard, LLC
1082 "samsclub", // samsclub Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
1083 "samsung", // samsung SAMSUNG SDS CO., LTD
1084 "sandvik", // sandvik Sandvik AB
1085 "sandvikcoromant", // sandvikcoromant Sandvik AB
1086 "sanofi", // sanofi Sanofi
1087 "sap", // sap SAP AG
1088 // "sapo", // sapo PT Comunicacoes S.A.
1089 "sarl", // sarl Delta Orchard, LLC
1090 "sas", // sas Research IP LLC
1091 "save", // save Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1092 "saxo", // saxo Saxo Bank A/S
1093 "sbi", // sbi STATE BANK OF INDIA
1094 "sbs", // sbs SPECIAL BROADCASTING SERVICE CORPORATION
1095 // "sca", // sca SVENSKA CELLULOSA AKTIEBOLAGET SCA (publ)
1096 "scb", // scb The Siam Commercial Bank Public Company Limited ("SCB")
1097 "schaeffler", // schaeffler Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG
1098 "schmidt", // schmidt SALM S.A.S.
1099 "scholarships", // scholarships Scholarships.com, LLC
1100 "school", // school Little Galley, LLC
1101 "schule", // schule Outer Moon, LLC
1102 "schwarz", // schwarz Schwarz Domains und Services GmbH & Co. KG
1103 "science", // science dot Science Limited
1104 // "scjohnson", // scjohnson Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
1105 // "scor", // scor SCOR SE (not assigned as at Version 2020062100)
1106 "scot", // scot Dot Scot Registry Limited
1107 "search", // search Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1108 "seat", // seat SEAT, S.A. (Sociedad Unipersonal)
1109 "secure", // secure Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1110 "security", // security XYZ.COM LLC
1111 "seek", // seek Seek Limited
1112 "select", // select iSelect Ltd
1113 "sener", // sener Sener Ingeniería y Sistemas, S.A.
1114 "services", // services Fox Castle, LLC
1115 // "ses", // ses SES
1116 "seven", // seven Seven West Media Ltd
1117 "sew", // sew SEW-EURODRIVE GmbH & Co KG
1118 "sex", // sex ICM Registry SX LLC
1119 "sexy", // sexy Uniregistry, Corp.
1120 "sfr", // sfr Societe Francaise du Radiotelephone - SFR
1121 "shangrila", // shangrila Shangri‐La International Hotel Management Limited
1122 "sharp", // sharp Sharp Corporation
1123 // "shaw", // shaw Shaw Cablesystems G.P.
1124 "shell", // shell Shell Information Technology International Inc
1125 "shia", // shia Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
1126 "shiksha", // shiksha Afilias Limited
1127 "shoes", // shoes Binky Galley, LLC
1128 "shop", // shop GMO Registry, Inc.
1129 "shopping", // shopping Over Keep, LLC
1130 "shouji", // shouji QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.
1131 "show", // show Snow Beach, LLC
1132 // "showtime", // showtime CBS Domains Inc.
1133 // "shriram", // shriram Shriram Capital Ltd.
1134 "silk", // silk Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1135 "sina", // sina Sina Corporation
1136 "singles", // singles Fern Madison, LLC
1137 "site", // site DotSite Inc.
1138 "ski", // ski STARTING DOT LIMITED
1139 "skin", // skin L'Oréal
1140 "sky", // sky Sky International AG
1141 "skype", // skype Microsoft Corporation
1142 "sling", // sling Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation
1143 "smart", // smart Smart Communications, Inc. (SMART)
1144 "smile", // smile Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1145 "sncf", // sncf SNCF (Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Francais)
1146 "soccer", // soccer Foggy Shadow, LLC
1147 "social", // social United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1148 "softbank", // softbank SoftBank Group Corp.
1149 "software", // software United TLD Holdco, Ltd
1150 "sohu", // sohu Sohu.com Limited
1151 "solar", // solar Ruby Town, LLC
1152 "solutions", // solutions Silver Cover, LLC
1153 "song", // song Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1154 "sony", // sony Sony Corporation
1155 "soy", // soy Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1156 "spa", // spa Asia Spa and Wellness Promotion Council Limited
1157 "space", // space DotSpace Inc.
1158 // "spiegel", // spiegel SPIEGEL-Verlag Rudolf Augstein GmbH & Co. KG
1159 "sport", // sport Global Association of International Sports Federations (GAISF)
1160 "spot", // spot Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1161 // "spreadbetting", // spreadbetting DOTSPREADBETTING REGISTRY LTD
1162 "srl", // srl InterNetX Corp.
1163 // "srt", // srt FCA US LLC.
1164 "stada", // stada STADA Arzneimittel AG
1165 "staples", // staples Staples, Inc.
1166 "star", // star Star India Private Limited
1167 // "starhub", // starhub StarHub Limited
1168 "statebank", // statebank STATE BANK OF INDIA
1169 "statefarm", // statefarm State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company
1170 // "statoil", // statoil Statoil ASA
1171 "stc", // stc Saudi Telecom Company
1172 "stcgroup", // stcgroup Saudi Telecom Company
1173 "stockholm", // stockholm Stockholms kommun
1174 "storage", // storage Self Storage Company LLC
1175 "store", // store DotStore Inc.
1176 "stream", // stream dot Stream Limited
1177 "studio", // studio United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1178 "study", // study OPEN UNIVERSITIES AUSTRALIA PTY LTD
1179 "style", // style Binky Moon, LLC
1180 "sucks", // sucks Vox Populi Registry Ltd.
1181 "supplies", // supplies Atomic Fields, LLC
1182 "supply", // supply Half Falls, LLC
1183 "support", // support Grand Orchard, LLC
1184 "surf", // surf Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1185 "surgery", // surgery Tin Avenue, LLC
1186 "suzuki", // suzuki SUZUKI MOTOR CORPORATION
1187 "swatch", // swatch The Swatch Group Ltd
1188 // "swiftcover", // swiftcover Swiftcover Insurance Services Limited
1189 "swiss", // swiss Swiss Confederation
1190 "sydney", // sydney State of New South Wales, Department of Premier and Cabinet
1191 // "symantec", // symantec Symantec Corporation [Not assigned as of Jul 25]
1192 "systems", // systems Dash Cypress, LLC
1193 "tab", // tab Tabcorp Holdings Limited
1194 "taipei", // taipei Taipei City Government
1195 "talk", // talk Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1196 "taobao", // taobao Alibaba Group Holding Limited
1197 "target", // target Target Domain Holdings, LLC
1198 "tatamotors", // tatamotors Tata Motors Ltd
1199 "tatar", // tatar LLC "Coordination Center of Regional Domain of Tatarstan Republic"
1200 "tattoo", // tattoo Uniregistry, Corp.
1201 "tax", // tax Storm Orchard, LLC
1202 "taxi", // taxi Pine Falls, LLC
1203 "tci", // tci Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
1204 "tdk", // tdk TDK Corporation
1205 "team", // team Atomic Lake, LLC
1206 "tech", // tech Dot Tech LLC
1207 "technology", // technology Auburn Falls, LLC
1208 "tel", // tel Telnic Ltd.
1209 // "telecity", // telecity TelecityGroup International Limited
1210 // "telefonica", // telefonica Telefónica S.A.
1211 "temasek", // temasek Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited
1212 "tennis", // tennis Cotton Bloom, LLC
1213 "teva", // teva Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited
1214 "thd", // thd Homer TLC, Inc.
1215 "theater", // theater Blue Tigers, LLC
1216 "theatre", // theatre XYZ.COM LLC
1217 "tiaa", // tiaa Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America
1218 "tickets", // tickets Accent Media Limited
1219 "tienda", // tienda Victor Manor, LLC
1220 // "tiffany", // tiffany Tiffany and Company
1221 "tips", // tips Corn Willow, LLC
1222 "tires", // tires Dog Edge, LLC
1223 "tirol", // tirol punkt Tirol GmbH
1224 "tjmaxx", // tjmaxx The TJX Companies, Inc.
1225 "tjx", // tjx The TJX Companies, Inc.
1226 "tkmaxx", // tkmaxx The TJX Companies, Inc.
1227 "tmall", // tmall Alibaba Group Holding Limited
1228 "today", // today Pearl Woods, LLC
1229 "tokyo", // tokyo GMO Registry, Inc.
1230 "tools", // tools Pioneer North, LLC
1231 "top", // top Jiangsu Bangning Science & Technology Co.,Ltd.
1232 "toray", // toray Toray Industries, Inc.
1233 "toshiba", // toshiba TOSHIBA Corporation
1234 "total", // total Total SA
1235 "tours", // tours Sugar Station, LLC
1236 "town", // town Koko Moon, LLC
1237 "toyota", // toyota TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION
1238 "toys", // toys Pioneer Orchard, LLC
1239 "trade", // trade Elite Registry Limited
1240 "trading", // trading DOTTRADING REGISTRY LTD
1241 "training", // training Wild Willow, LLC
1242 "travel", // travel Tralliance Registry Management Company, LLC.
1243 // "travelchannel", // travelchannel Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
1244 "travelers", // travelers Travelers TLD, LLC
1245 "travelersinsurance", // travelersinsurance Travelers TLD, LLC
1246 "trust", // trust Artemis Internet Inc
1247 "trv", // trv Travelers TLD, LLC
1248 "tube", // tube Latin American Telecom LLC
1249 "tui", // tui TUI AG
1250 "tunes", // tunes Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1251 "tushu", // tushu Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1252 "tvs", // tvs T V SUNDRAM IYENGAR & SONS PRIVATE LIMITED
1253 "ubank", // ubank National Australia Bank Limited
1254 "ubs", // ubs UBS AG
1255 // "uconnect", // uconnect FCA US LLC.
1256 "unicom", // unicom China United Network Communications Corporation Limited
1257 "university", // university Little Station, LLC
1258 "uno", // uno Dot Latin LLC
1259 "uol", // uol UBN INTERNET LTDA.
1260 "ups", // ups UPS Market Driver, Inc.
1261 "vacations", // vacations Atomic Tigers, LLC
1262 "vana", // vana Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
1263 "vanguard", // vanguard The Vanguard Group, Inc.
1264 "vegas", // vegas Dot Vegas, Inc.
1265 "ventures", // ventures Binky Lake, LLC
1266 "verisign", // verisign VeriSign, Inc.
1267 "versicherung", // versicherung dotversicherung-registry GmbH
1268 "vet", // vet United TLD Holdco, Ltd
1269 "viajes", // viajes Black Madison, LLC
1270 "video", // video United TLD Holdco, Ltd
1271 "vig", // vig VIENNA INSURANCE GROUP AG Wiener Versicherung Gruppe
1272 "viking", // viking Viking River Cruises (Bermuda) Ltd.
1273 "villas", // villas New Sky, LLC
1274 "vin", // vin Holly Shadow, LLC
1275 "vip", // vip Minds + Machines Group Limited
1276 "virgin", // virgin Virgin Enterprises Limited
1277 "visa", // visa Visa Worldwide Pte. Limited
1278 "vision", // vision Koko Station, LLC
1279 // "vista", // vista Vistaprint Limited
1280 // "vistaprint", // vistaprint Vistaprint Limited
1281 "viva", // viva Saudi Telecom Company
1282 "vivo", // vivo Telefonica Brasil S.A.
1283 "vlaanderen", // vlaanderen DNS.be vzw
1284 "vodka", // vodka Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1285 // "volkswagen", // volkswagen Volkswagen Group of America Inc.
1286 "volvo", // volvo Volvo Holding Sverige Aktiebolag
1287 "vote", // vote Monolith Registry LLC
1288 "voting", // voting Valuetainment Corp.
1289 "voto", // voto Monolith Registry LLC
1290 "voyage", // voyage Ruby House, LLC
1291 // "vuelos", // vuelos Travel Reservations SRL
1292 "wales", // wales Nominet UK
1293 "walmart", // walmart Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
1294 "walter", // walter Sandvik AB
1295 "wang", // wang Zodiac Registry Limited
1296 "wanggou", // wanggou Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1297 // "warman", // warman Weir Group IP Limited
1298 "watch", // watch Sand Shadow, LLC
1299 "watches", // watches Richemont DNS Inc.
1300 "weather", // weather The Weather Channel, LLC
1301 "weatherchannel", // weatherchannel The Weather Channel, LLC
1302 "webcam", // webcam dot Webcam Limited
1303 "weber", // weber Saint-Gobain Weber SA
1304 "website", // website DotWebsite Inc.
1305 "wed", // wed Atgron, Inc.
1306 "wedding", // wedding Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1307 "weibo", // weibo Sina Corporation
1308 "weir", // weir Weir Group IP Limited
1309 "whoswho", // whoswho Who's Who Registry
1310 "wien", // wien punkt.wien GmbH
1311 "wiki", // wiki Top Level Design, LLC
1312 "williamhill", // williamhill William Hill Organization Limited
1313 "win", // win First Registry Limited
1314 "windows", // windows Microsoft Corporation
1315 "wine", // wine June Station, LLC
1316 "winners", // winners The TJX Companies, Inc.
1317 "wme", // wme William Morris Endeavor Entertainment, LLC
1318 "wolterskluwer", // wolterskluwer Wolters Kluwer N.V.
1319 "woodside", // woodside Woodside Petroleum Limited
1320 "work", // work Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1321 "works", // works Little Dynamite, LLC
1322 "world", // world Bitter Fields, LLC
1323 "wow", // wow Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1324 "wtc", // wtc World Trade Centers Association, Inc.
1325 "wtf", // wtf Hidden Way, LLC
1326 "xbox", // xbox Microsoft Corporation
1327 "xerox", // xerox Xerox DNHC LLC
1328 // "xfinity", // xfinity Comcast IP Holdings I, LLC
1329 "xihuan", // xihuan QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.
1330 "xin", // xin Elegant Leader Limited
1331 "xn--11b4c3d", // कॉम VeriSign Sarl
1332 "xn--1ck2e1b", // セール Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1333 "xn--1qqw23a", // 佛山 Guangzhou YU Wei Information Technology Co., Ltd.
1334 "xn--30rr7y", // 慈善 Excellent First Limited
1335 "xn--3bst00m", // 集团 Eagle Horizon Limited
1336 "xn--3ds443g", // 在线 TLD REGISTRY LIMITED
1337 // "xn--3oq18vl8pn36a", // 大众汽车 Volkswagen (China) Investment Co., Ltd.
1338 "xn--3pxu8k", // 点看 VeriSign Sarl
1339 "xn--42c2d9a", // คอม VeriSign Sarl
1340 "xn--45q11c", // 八卦 Zodiac Scorpio Limited
1341 "xn--4gbrim", // موقع Suhub Electronic Establishment
1342 "xn--55qw42g", // 公益 China Organizational Name Administration Center
1343 "xn--55qx5d", // 公司 Computer Network Information Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences （China Internet Network Information Center）
1344 "xn--5su34j936bgsg", // 香格里拉 Shangri‐La International Hotel Management Limited
1345 "xn--5tzm5g", // 网站 Global Website TLD Asia Limited
1346 "xn--6frz82g", // 移动 Afilias Limited
1347 "xn--6qq986b3xl", // 我爱你 Tycoon Treasure Limited
1348 "xn--80adxhks", // москва Foundation for Assistance for Internet Technologies and Infrastructure Development (FAITID)
1349 "xn--80aqecdr1a", // католик Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication)
1350 "xn--80asehdb", // онлайн CORE Association
1351 "xn--80aswg", // сайт CORE Association
1352 "xn--8y0a063a", // 联通 China United Network Communications Corporation Limited
1353 "xn--90ae", // бг Imena.BG Plc (NAMES.BG Plc)
1354 "xn--9dbq2a", // קום VeriSign Sarl
1355 "xn--9et52u", // 时尚 RISE VICTORY LIMITED
1356 "xn--9krt00a", // 微博 Sina Corporation
1357 "xn--b4w605ferd", // 淡马锡 Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited
1358 "xn--bck1b9a5dre4c", // ファッション Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1359 "xn--c1avg", // орг Public Interest Registry
1360 "xn--c2br7g", // नेट VeriSign Sarl
1361 "xn--cck2b3b", // ストア Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1362 "xn--cckwcxetd", // アマゾン Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1363 "xn--cg4bki", // 삼성 SAMSUNG SDS CO., LTD
1364 "xn--czr694b", // 商标 HU YI GLOBAL INFORMATION RESOURCES(HOLDING) COMPANY.HONGKONG LIMITED
1365 "xn--czrs0t", // 商店 Wild Island, LLC
1366 "xn--czru2d", // 商城 Zodiac Aquarius Limited
1367 "xn--d1acj3b", // дети The Foundation for Network Initiatives “The Smart Internet”
1368 "xn--eckvdtc9d", // ポイント Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1369 "xn--efvy88h", // 新闻 Xinhua News Agency Guangdong Branch 新华通讯社广东分社
1370 // "xn--estv75g", // 工行 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited
1371 "xn--fct429k", // 家電 Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1372 "xn--fhbei", // كوم VeriSign Sarl
1373 "xn--fiq228c5hs", // 中文网 TLD REGISTRY LIMITED
1374 "xn--fiq64b", // 中信 CITIC Group Corporation
1375 "xn--fjq720a", // 娱乐 Will Bloom, LLC
1376 "xn--flw351e", // 谷歌 Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1377 "xn--fzys8d69uvgm", // 電訊盈科 PCCW Enterprises Limited
1378 "xn--g2xx48c", // 购物 Minds + Machines Group Limited
1379 "xn--gckr3f0f", // クラウド Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1380 "xn--gk3at1e", // 通販 Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1381 "xn--hxt814e", // 网店 Zodiac Libra Limited
1382 "xn--i1b6b1a6a2e", // संगठन Public Interest Registry
1383 "xn--imr513n", // 餐厅 HU YI GLOBAL INFORMATION RESOURCES (HOLDING) COMPANY. HONGKONG LIMITED
1384 "xn--io0a7i", // 网络 Computer Network Information Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences （China Internet Network Information Center）
1385 "xn--j1aef", // ком VeriSign Sarl
1386 "xn--jlq480n2rg", // 亚马逊 Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1387 // "xn--jlq61u9w7b", // 诺基亚 Nokia Corporation
1388 "xn--jvr189m", // 食品 Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1389 "xn--kcrx77d1x4a", // 飞利浦 Koninklijke Philips N.V.
1390 // "xn--kpu716f", // 手表 Richemont DNS Inc. [Not assigned as of Jul 25]
1391 "xn--kput3i", // 手机 Beijing RITT-Net Technology Development Co., Ltd
1392 "xn--mgba3a3ejt", // ارامكو Aramco Services Company
1393 "xn--mgba7c0bbn0a", // العليان Crescent Holding GmbH
1394 // "xn--mgbaakc7dvf", // اتصالات Emirates Telecommunications Corporation (trading as Etisalat)
1395 "xn--mgbab2bd", // بازار CORE Association
1396 // "xn--mgbb9fbpob", // موبايلي GreenTech Consultancy Company W.L.L.
1397 "xn--mgbca7dzdo", // ابوظبي Abu Dhabi Systems and Information Centre
1398 "xn--mgbi4ecexp", // كاثوليك Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication)
1399 "xn--mgbt3dhd", // همراه Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
1400 "xn--mk1bu44c", // 닷컴 VeriSign Sarl
1401 "xn--mxtq1m", // 政府 Net-Chinese Co., Ltd.
1402 "xn--ngbc5azd", // شبكة International Domain Registry Pty. Ltd.
1403 "xn--ngbe9e0a", // بيتك Kuwait Finance House
1404 "xn--ngbrx", // عرب League of Arab States
1405 "xn--nqv7f", // 机构 Public Interest Registry
1406 "xn--nqv7fs00ema", // 组织机构 Public Interest Registry
1407 "xn--nyqy26a", // 健康 Stable Tone Limited
1408 "xn--otu796d", // 招聘 Dot Trademark TLD Holding Company Limited
1409 "xn--p1acf", // рус Rusnames Limited
1410 // "xn--pbt977c", // 珠宝 Richemont DNS Inc. [Not assigned as of Jul 25]
1411 "xn--pssy2u", // 大拿 VeriSign Sarl
1412 "xn--q9jyb4c", // みんな Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1413 "xn--qcka1pmc", // グーグル Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1414 "xn--rhqv96g", // 世界 Stable Tone Limited
1415 "xn--rovu88b", // 書籍 Amazon EU S.à r.l.
1416 "xn--ses554g", // 网址 KNET Co., Ltd
1417 "xn--t60b56a", // 닷넷 VeriSign Sarl
1418 "xn--tckwe", // コム VeriSign Sarl
1419 "xn--tiq49xqyj", // 天主教 Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication)
1420 "xn--unup4y", // 游戏 Spring Fields, LLC
1421 "xn--vermgensberater-ctb", // VERMöGENSBERATER Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG
1422 "xn--vermgensberatung-pwb", // VERMöGENSBERATUNG Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG
1423 "xn--vhquv", // 企业 Dash McCook, LLC
1424 "xn--vuq861b", // 信息 Beijing Tele-info Network Technology Co., Ltd.
1425 "xn--w4r85el8fhu5dnra", // 嘉里大酒店 Kerry Trading Co. Limited
1426 "xn--w4rs40l", // 嘉里 Kerry Trading Co. Limited
1427 "xn--xhq521b", // 广东 Guangzhou YU Wei Information Technology Co., Ltd.
1428 "xn--zfr164b", // 政务 China Organizational Name Administration Center
1429 // "xperia", // xperia Sony Mobile Communications AB
1430 "xxx", // xxx ICM Registry LLC
1431 "xyz", // xyz XYZ.COM LLC
1432 "yachts", // yachts DERYachts, LLC
1433 "yahoo", // yahoo Yahoo! Domain Services Inc.
1434 "yamaxun", // yamaxun Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1435 "yandex", // yandex YANDEX, LLC
1436 "yodobashi", // yodobashi YODOBASHI CAMERA CO.,LTD.
1437 "yoga", // yoga Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1438 "yokohama", // yokohama GMO Registry, Inc.
1439 "you", // you Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1440 "youtube", // youtube Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1441 "yun", // yun QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.
1442 "zappos", // zappos Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1443 "zara", // zara Industria de Diseño Textil, S.A. (INDITEX, S.A.)
1444 "zero", // zero Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1445 "zip", // zip Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1446 // "zippo", // zippo Zadco Company
1447 "zone", // zone Outer Falls, LLC
1448 "zuerich", // zuerich Kanton Zürich (Canton of Zurich)
1449 };
1450
1451 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1452 private static final String[] COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS = {
1453 // Taken from Version 2024040200, Last Updated Tue Apr 2 07:07:02 2024 UTC
1454 "ac", // Ascension Island
1455 "ad", // Andorra
1456 "ae", // United Arab Emirates
1457 "af", // Afghanistan
1458 "ag", // Antigua and Barbuda
1459 "ai", // Anguilla
1460 "al", // Albania
1461 "am", // Armenia
1462 // "an", // Netherlands Antilles (retired)
1463 "ao", // Angola
1464 "aq", // Antarctica
1465 "ar", // Argentina
1466 "as", // American Samoa
1467 "at", // Austria
1468 "au", // Australia (includes Ashmore and Cartier Islands and Coral Sea Islands)
1469 "aw", // Aruba
1470 "ax", // Åland
1471 "az", // Azerbaijan
1472 "ba", // Bosnia and Herzegovina
1473 "bb", // Barbados
1474 "bd", // Bangladesh
1475 "be", // Belgium
1476 "bf", // Burkina Faso
1477 "bg", // Bulgaria
1478 "bh", // Bahrain
1479 "bi", // Burundi
1480 "bj", // Benin
1481 "bm", // Bermuda
1482 "bn", // Brunei Darussalam
1483 "bo", // Bolivia
1484 "br", // Brazil
1485 "bs", // Bahamas
1486 "bt", // Bhutan
1487 "bv", // Bouvet Island
1488 "bw", // Botswana
1489 "by", // Belarus
1490 "bz", // Belize
1491 "ca", // Canada
1492 "cc", // Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1493 "cd", // Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire)
1494 "cf", // Central African Republic
1495 "cg", // Republic of the Congo
1496 "ch", // Switzerland
1497 "ci", // Côte d'Ivoire
1498 "ck", // Cook Islands
1499 "cl", // Chile
1500 "cm", // Cameroon
1501 "cn", // China, mainland
1502 "co", // Colombia
1503 "cr", // Costa Rica
1504 "cu", // Cuba
1505 "cv", // Cape Verde
1506 "cw", // Curaçao
1507 "cx", // Christmas Island
1508 "cy", // Cyprus
1509 "cz", // Czech Republic
1510 "de", // Germany
1511 "dj", // Djibouti
1512 "dk", // Denmark
1513 "dm", // Dominica
1514 "do", // Dominican Republic
1515 "dz", // Algeria
1516 "ec", // Ecuador
1517 "ee", // Estonia
1518 "eg", // Egypt
1519 "er", // Eritrea
1520 "es", // Spain
1521 "et", // Ethiopia
1522 "eu", // European Union
1523 "fi", // Finland
1524 "fj", // Fiji
1525 "fk", // Falkland Islands
1526 "fm", // Federated States of Micronesia
1527 "fo", // Faroe Islands
1528 "fr", // France
1529 "ga", // Gabon
1530 "gb", // Great Britain (United Kingdom)
1531 "gd", // Grenada
1532 "ge", // Georgia
1533 "gf", // French Guiana
1534 "gg", // Guernsey
1535 "gh", // Ghana
1536 "gi", // Gibraltar
1537 "gl", // Greenland
1538 "gm", // The Gambia
1539 "gn", // Guinea
1540 "gp", // Guadeloupe
1541 "gq", // Equatorial Guinea
1542 "gr", // Greece
1543 "gs", // South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
1544 "gt", // Guatemala
1545 "gu", // Guam
1546 "gw", // Guinea-Bissau
1547 "gy", // Guyana
1548 "hk", // Hong Kong
1549 "hm", // Heard Island and McDonald Islands
1550 "hn", // Honduras
1551 "hr", // Croatia (Hrvatska)
1552 "ht", // Haiti
1553 "hu", // Hungary
1554 "id", // Indonesia
1555 "ie", // Ireland (Éire)
1556 "il", // Israel
1557 "im", // Isle of Man
1558 "in", // India
1559 "io", // British Indian Ocean Territory
1560 "iq", // Iraq
1561 "ir", // Iran
1562 "is", // Iceland
1563 "it", // Italy
1564 "je", // Jersey
1565 "jm", // Jamaica
1566 "jo", // Jordan
1567 "jp", // Japan
1568 "ke", // Kenya
1569 "kg", // Kyrgyzstan
1570 "kh", // Cambodia (Khmer)
1571 "ki", // Kiribati
1572 "km", // Comoros
1573 "kn", // Saint Kitts and Nevis
1574 "kp", // North Korea
1575 "kr", // South Korea
1576 "kw", // Kuwait
1577 "ky", // Cayman Islands
1578 "kz", // Kazakhstan
1579 "la", // Laos (currently being marketed as the official domain for Los Angeles)
1580 "lb", // Lebanon
1581 "lc", // Saint Lucia
1582 "li", // Liechtenstein
1583 "lk", // Sri Lanka
1584 "lr", // Liberia
1585 "ls", // Lesotho
1586 "lt", // Lithuania
1587 "lu", // Luxembourg
1588 "lv", // Latvia
1589 "ly", // Libya
1590 "ma", // Morocco
1591 "mc", // Monaco
1592 "md", // Moldova
1593 "me", // Montenegro
1594 "mg", // Madagascar
1595 "mh", // Marshall Islands
1596 "mk", // Republic of Macedonia
1597 "ml", // Mali
1598 "mm", // Myanmar
1599 "mn", // Mongolia
1600 "mo", // Macau
1601 "mp", // Northern Mariana Islands
1602 "mq", // Martinique
1603 "mr", // Mauritania
1604 "ms", // Montserrat
1605 "mt", // Malta
1606 "mu", // Mauritius
1607 "mv", // Maldives
1608 "mw", // Malawi
1609 "mx", // Mexico
1610 "my", // Malaysia
1611 "mz", // Mozambique
1612 "na", // Namibia
1613 "nc", // New Caledonia
1614 "ne", // Niger
1615 "nf", // Norfolk Island
1616 "ng", // Nigeria
1617 "ni", // Nicaragua
1618 "nl", // Netherlands
1619 "no", // Norway
1620 "np", // Nepal
1621 "nr", // Nauru
1622 "nu", // Niue
1623 "nz", // New Zealand
1624 "om", // Oman
1625 "pa", // Panama
1626 "pe", // Peru
1627 "pf", // French Polynesia With Clipperton Island
1628 "pg", // Papua New Guinea
1629 "ph", // Philippines
1630 "pk", // Pakistan
1631 "pl", // Poland
1632 "pm", // Saint-Pierre and Miquelon
1633 "pn", // Pitcairn Islands
1634 "pr", // Puerto Rico
1635 "ps", // Palestinian territories (PA-controlled West Bank and Gaza Strip)
1636 "pt", // Portugal
1637 "pw", // Palau
1638 "py", // Paraguay
1639 "qa", // Qatar
1640 "re", // Réunion
1641 "ro", // Romania
1642 "rs", // Serbia
1643 "ru", // Russia
1644 "rw", // Rwanda
1645 "sa", // Saudi Arabia
1646 "sb", // Solomon Islands
1647 "sc", // Seychelles
1648 "sd", // Sudan
1649 "se", // Sweden
1650 "sg", // Singapore
1651 "sh", // Saint Helena
1652 "si", // Slovenia
1653 "sj", // Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands Not in use (Norwegian dependencies; see .no)
1654 "sk", // Slovakia
1655 "sl", // Sierra Leone
1656 "sm", // San Marino
1657 "sn", // Senegal
1658 "so", // Somalia
1659 "sr", // Suriname
1660 "ss", // ss National Communication Authority (NCA)
1661 "st", // São Tomé and Príncipe
1662 "su", // Soviet Union (deprecated)
1663 "sv", // El Salvador
1664 "sx", // Sint Maarten
1665 "sy", // Syria
1666 "sz", // Swaziland
1667 "tc", // Turks and Caicos Islands
1668 "td", // Chad
1669 "tf", // French Southern and Antarctic Lands
1670 "tg", // Togo
1671 "th", // Thailand
1672 "tj", // Tajikistan
1673 "tk", // Tokelau
1674 "tl", // East Timor (deprecated old code)
1675 "tm", // Turkmenistan
1676 "tn", // Tunisia
1677 "to", // Tonga
1678 // "tp", // East Timor (Retired)
1679 "tr", // Turkey
1680 "tt", // Trinidad and Tobago
1681 "tv", // Tuvalu
1682 "tw", // Taiwan, Republic of China
1683 "tz", // Tanzania
1684 "ua", // Ukraine
1685 "ug", // Uganda
1686 "uk", // United Kingdom
1687 "us", // United States of America
1688 "uy", // Uruguay
1689 "uz", // Uzbekistan
1690 "va", // Vatican City State
1691 "vc", // Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1692 "ve", // Venezuela
1693 "vg", // British Virgin Islands
1694 "vi", // U.S. Virgin Islands
1695 "vn", // Vietnam
1696 "vu", // Vanuatu
1697 "wf", // Wallis and Futuna
1698 "ws", // Samoa (formerly Western Samoa)
1699 "xn--2scrj9c", // ಭಾರತ National Internet eXchange of India
1700 "xn--3e0b707e", // 한국 KISA (Korea Internet & Security Agency)
1701 "xn--3hcrj9c", // ଭାରତ National Internet eXchange of India
1702 "xn--45br5cyl", // ভাৰত National Internet eXchange of India
1703 "xn--45brj9c", // ভারত National Internet Exchange of India
1704 "xn--4dbrk0ce", // ישראל The Israel Internet Association (RA)
1705 "xn--54b7fta0cc", // বাংলা Posts and Telecommunications Division
1706 "xn--80ao21a", // қаз Association of IT Companies of Kazakhstan
1707 "xn--90a3ac", // срб Serbian National Internet Domain Registry (RNIDS)
1708 "xn--90ais", // ??? Reliable Software Inc.
1709 "xn--clchc0ea0b2g2a9gcd", // சிங்கப்பூர் Singapore Network Information Centre (SGNIC) Pte Ltd
1710 "xn--d1alf", // мкд Macedonian Academic Research Network Skopje
1711 "xn--e1a4c", // ею EURid vzw/asbl
1712 "xn--fiqs8s", // 中国 China Internet Network Information Center
1713 "xn--fiqz9s", // 中國 China Internet Network Information Center
1714 "xn--fpcrj9c3d", // భారత్ National Internet Exchange of India
1715 "xn--fzc2c9e2c", // ලංකා LK Domain Registry
1716 "xn--gecrj9c", // ભારત National Internet Exchange of India
1717 "xn--h2breg3eve", // भारतम् National Internet eXchange of India
1718 "xn--h2brj9c", // भारत National Internet Exchange of India
1719 "xn--h2brj9c8c", // भारोत National Internet eXchange of India
1720 "xn--j1amh", // укр Ukrainian Network Information Centre (UANIC), Inc.
1721 "xn--j6w193g", // 香港 Hong Kong Internet Registration Corporation Ltd.
1722 "xn--kprw13d", // 台湾 Taiwan Network Information Center (TWNIC)
1723 "xn--kpry57d", // 台灣 Taiwan Network Information Center (TWNIC)
1724 "xn--l1acc", // мон Datacom Co.,Ltd
1725 "xn--lgbbat1ad8j", // الجزائر CERIST
1726 "xn--mgb9awbf", // عمان Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA)
1727 "xn--mgba3a4f16a", // ایران Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM)
1728 "xn--mgbaam7a8h", // امارات Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA)
1729 "xn--mgbah1a3hjkrd", // موريتانيا Université de Nouakchott Al Aasriya
1730 "xn--mgbai9azgqp6j", // پاکستان National Telecommunication Corporation
1731 "xn--mgbayh7gpa", // الاردن National Information Technology Center (NITC)
1732 "xn--mgbbh1a", // بارت National Internet eXchange of India
1733 "xn--mgbbh1a71e", // بھارت National Internet Exchange of India
1734 "xn--mgbc0a9azcg", // المغرب Agence Nationale de Réglementation des Télécommunications (ANRT)
1735 "xn--mgbcpq6gpa1a", // البحرين Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA)
1736 "xn--mgberp4a5d4ar", // السعودية Communications and Information Technology Commission
1737 "xn--mgbgu82a", // ڀارت National Internet eXchange of India
1738 "xn--mgbpl2fh", // ????? Sudan Internet Society
1739 "xn--mgbtx2b", // عراق Communications and Media Commission (CMC)
1740 "xn--mgbx4cd0ab", // مليسيا MYNIC Berhad
1741 "xn--mix891f", // 澳門 Bureau of Telecommunications Regulation (DSRT)
1742 "xn--node", // გე Information Technologies Development Center (ITDC)
1743 "xn--o3cw4h", // ไทย Thai Network Information Center Foundation
1744 "xn--ogbpf8fl", // سورية National Agency for Network Services (NANS)
1745 "xn--p1ai", // рф Coordination Center for TLD RU
1746 "xn--pgbs0dh", // تونس Agence Tunisienne d'Internet
1747 "xn--q7ce6a", // ລາວ Lao National Internet Center (LANIC)
1748 "xn--qxa6a", // ευ EURid vzw/asbl
1749 "xn--qxam", // ελ ICS-FORTH GR
1750 "xn--rvc1e0am3e", // ഭാരതം National Internet eXchange of India
1751 "xn--s9brj9c", // ਭਾਰਤ National Internet Exchange of India
1752 "xn--wgbh1c", // مصر National Telecommunication Regulatory Authority - NTRA
1753 "xn--wgbl6a", // قطر Communications Regulatory Authority
1754 "xn--xkc2al3hye2a", // இலங்கை LK Domain Registry
1755 "xn--xkc2dl3a5ee0h", // இந்தியா National Internet Exchange of India
1756 "xn--y9a3aq", // ??? Internet Society
1757 "xn--yfro4i67o", // 新加坡 Singapore Network Information Centre (SGNIC) Pte Ltd
1758 "xn--ygbi2ammx", // فلسطين Ministry of Telecom & Information Technology (MTIT)
1759 "ye", // Yemen
1760 "yt", // Mayotte
1761 "za", // South Africa
1762 "zm", // Zambia
1763 "zw", // Zimbabwe
1764 };
1765
1766 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1767 private static final String[] LOCAL_TLDS = {
1768 "localdomain", // Also widely used as localhost.localdomain
1769 "localhost", // RFC2606 defined
1770 };
1771 /*
1772 * This field is used to detect whether the getInstance has been called.
1773 * After this, the method updateTLDOverride is not allowed to be called.
1774 * This field does not need to be volatile since it is only accessed from
1775 * synchronized methods.
1776 */
1777 private static boolean inUse;
1778 /*
1779 * These arrays are mutable.
1780 * They can only be updated by the updateTLDOverride method, and readers must first get an instance
1781 * using the getInstance methods which are all (now) synchronized.
1782 * The only other access is via getTLDEntries which is now synchronized.
1783 */
1784 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1785 private static String[] countryCodeTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
1786 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1787 private static String[] genericTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
1788 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1789 private static String[] countryCodeTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
1790 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1791 private static String[] genericTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
1792
1793 // The constructors are deliberately private to avoid possible problems with unsafe publication.
1794 // It is vital that the static override arrays are not mutable once they have been used in an instance
1795 // The arrays could be copied into the instance variables, however if the static array were changed it could
1796 // result in different settings for the shared default instances
1797
1798 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1799 private static String[] localTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
1800
1801 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1802 private static String[] localTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
1803
1804 /**
1805 * Check if a sorted array contains the specified key
1806 *
1807 * @param sortedArray the array to search
1808 * @param key the key to find
1809 * @return {@code true} if the array contains the key
1810 */
1811 private static boolean arrayContains(final String[] sortedArray, final String key) {
1812 return Arrays.binarySearch(sortedArray, key) >= 0;
1813 }
1814
1815 /**
1816 * Returns the singleton instance of this validator. It
1817 * will not consider local addresses as valid.
1818 * @return the singleton instance of this validator
1819 */
1820 public static synchronized DomainValidator getInstance() {
1821 inUse = true;
1822 return LazyHolder.DOMAIN_VALIDATOR;
1823 }
1824
1825 /**
1826 * Returns the singleton instance of this validator,
1827 * with local validation as required.
1828 * @param allowLocal Should local addresses be considered valid?
1829 * @return the singleton instance of this validator
1830 */
1831 public static synchronized DomainValidator getInstance(final boolean allowLocal) {
1832 inUse = true;
1833 if (allowLocal) {
1834 return LazyHolder.DOMAIN_VALIDATOR_WITH_LOCAL;
1835 }
1836 return LazyHolder.DOMAIN_VALIDATOR;
1837 }
1838
1839 /**
1840 * Returns a new instance of this validator.
1841 * The user can provide a list of {@link Item} entries which can
1842 * be used to override the generic and country code lists.
1843 * Note that any such entries override values provided by the
1844 * {@link #updateTLDOverride(ArrayType, String[])} method
1845 * If an entry for a particular type is not provided, then
1846 * the class override (if any) is retained.
1847 *
1848 * @param allowLocal Should local addresses be considered valid?
1849 * @param items array of {@link Item} entries
1850 * @return an instance of this validator
1851 * @since 1.7
1852 */
1853 public static synchronized DomainValidator getInstance(final boolean allowLocal, final List<Item> items) {
1854 inUse = true;
1855 return new DomainValidator(allowLocal, items);
1856 }
1857
1858 /**
1859 * Gets a copy of a class level internal array.
1860 * @param table the array type (any of the enum values)
1861 * @return a copy of the array
1862 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the table type is unexpected (should not happen)
1863 * @since 1.5.1
1864 */
1865 public static synchronized String[] getTLDEntries(final ArrayType table) {
1866 final String[] array;
1867 switch (table) {
1868 case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS:
1869 array = countryCodeTLDsMinus;
1870 break;
1871 case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS:
1872 array = countryCodeTLDsPlus;
1873 break;
1874 case GENERIC_MINUS:
1875 array = genericTLDsMinus;
1876 break;
1877 case GENERIC_PLUS:
1878 array = genericTLDsPlus;
1879 break;
1880 case LOCAL_MINUS:
1881 array = localTLDsMinus;
1882 break;
1883 case LOCAL_PLUS:
1884 array = localTLDsPlus;
1885 break;
1886 case GENERIC_RO:
1887 array = GENERIC_TLDS;
1888 break;
1889 case COUNTRY_CODE_RO:
1890 array = COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS;
1891 break;
1892 case INFRASTRUCTURE_RO:
1893 array = INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS;
1894 break;
1895 case LOCAL_RO:
1896 array = LOCAL_TLDS;
1897 break;
1898 default:
1899 throw new IllegalArgumentException(UNEXPECTED_ENUM_VALUE + table);
1900 }
1901 return Arrays.copyOf(array, array.length); // clone the array
1902 }
1903
1904 /*
1905 * Check if input contains only ASCII
1906 * Treats null as all ASCII
1907 */
1908 private static boolean isOnlyASCII(final String input) {
1909 if (input == null) {
1910 return true;
1911 }
1912 for (int i = 0; i < input.length(); i++) {
1913 if (input.charAt(i) > 0x7F) { // CHECKSTYLE IGNORE MagicNumber
1914 return false;
1915 }
1916 }
1917 return true;
1918 }
1919
1920 /**
1921 * Converts potentially Unicode input to punycode.
1922 * If conversion fails, returns the original input.
1923 *
1924 * @param input the string to convert, not null
1925 * @return converted input, or original input if conversion fails
1926 */
1927 // Needed by UrlValidator
1928 static String unicodeToASCII(final String input) {
1929 if (isOnlyASCII(input)) { // skip possibly expensive processing
1930 return input;
1931 }
1932 try {
1933 final String ascii = IDN.toASCII(input);
1934 if (IDNBUGHOLDER.IDN_TOASCII_PRESERVES_TRAILING_DOTS) {
1935 return ascii;
1936 }
1937 final int length = input.length();
1938 if (length == 0) { // check there is a last character
1939 return input;
1940 }
1941 // RFC3490 3.1. 1)
1942 // Whenever dots are used as label separators, the following
1943 // characters MUST be recognized as dots: U+002E (full stop), U+3002
1944 // (ideographic full stop), U+FF0E (fullwidth full stop), U+FF61
1945 // (halfwidth ideographic full stop).
1946 final char lastChar = input.charAt(length - 1); // fetch original last char
1947 switch (lastChar) {
1948 case '\u002E': // "." full stop
1949 case '\u3002': // ideographic full stop
1950 case '\uFF0E': // fullwidth full stop
1951 case '\uFF61': // halfwidth ideographic full stop
1952 return ascii + "."; // restore the missing stop
1953 default:
1954 return ascii;
1955 }
1956 } catch (final IllegalArgumentException e) { // input is not valid
1957 return input;
1958 }
1959 }
1960
1961 /**
1962 * Update one of the TLD override arrays.
1963 * This must only be done at program startup, before any instances are accessed using getInstance.
1964 * <p>
1965 * For example:
1966 * <p>
1967 * {@code DomainValidator.updateTLDOverride(ArrayType.GENERIC_PLUS, "apache")}
1968 * <p>
1969 * To clear an override array, provide an empty array.
1970 *
1971 * @param table the table to update, see {@link DomainValidator.ArrayType}
1972 * Must be one of the following
1973 * <ul>
1974 * <li>COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS</li>
1975 * <li>COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS</li>
1976 * <li>GENERIC_MINUS</li>
1977 * <li>GENERIC_PLUS</li>
1978 * <li>LOCAL_MINUS</li>
1979 * <li>LOCAL_PLUS</li>
1980 * </ul>
1981 * @param tlds the array of TLDs, must not be null
1982 * @throws IllegalStateException if the method is called after getInstance
1983 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if one of the read-only tables is requested
1984 * @since 1.5.0
1985 */
1986 public static synchronized void updateTLDOverride(final ArrayType table, final String... tlds) {
1987 if (inUse) {
1988 throw new IllegalStateException("Can only invoke this method before calling getInstance");
1989 }
1990 final String[] copy = new String[tlds.length];
1991 // Comparisons are always done with lower-case entries
1992 for (int i = 0; i < tlds.length; i++) {
1993 copy[i] = tlds[i].toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH);
1994 }
1995 Arrays.sort(copy);
1996 switch (table) {
1997 case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS:
1998 countryCodeTLDsMinus = copy;
1999 break;
2000 case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS:
2001 countryCodeTLDsPlus = copy;
2002 break;
2003 case GENERIC_MINUS:
2004 genericTLDsMinus = copy;
2005 break;
2006 case GENERIC_PLUS:
2007 genericTLDsPlus = copy;
2008 break;
2009 case LOCAL_MINUS:
2010 localTLDsMinus = copy;
2011 break;
2012 case LOCAL_PLUS:
2013 localTLDsPlus = copy;
2014 break;
2015 case COUNTRY_CODE_RO:
2016 case GENERIC_RO:
2017 case INFRASTRUCTURE_RO:
2018 case LOCAL_RO:
2019 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot update the table: " + table);
2020 default:
2021 throw new IllegalArgumentException(UNEXPECTED_ENUM_VALUE + table);
2022 }
2023 }
2024
2025 /** Whether to allow local overrides. */
2026 private final boolean allowLocal;
2027
2028 // TLDs defined by IANA
2029 // Authoritative and comprehensive list at:
2030 // https://data.iana.org/TLD/tlds-alpha-by-domain.txt
2031
2032 // Note that the above list is in UPPER case.
2033 // The code currently converts strings to lower case (as per the tables below)
2034
2035 // IANA also provide an HTML list at http://www.iana.org/domains/root/db
2036 // Note that this contains several country code entries which are NOT in
2037 // the text file. These all have the "Not assigned" in the "Sponsoring Organisation" column
2038 // For example (as of 2015-01-02):
2039 // .bl country-code Not assigned
2040 // .um country-code Not assigned
2041
2042 /**
2043 * RegexValidator for matching domains.
2044 */
2045 private final RegexValidator domainRegex =
2046 new RegexValidator(DOMAIN_NAME_REGEX);
2047
2048 /**
2049 * RegexValidator for matching a local hostname
2050 */
2051 // RFC1123 sec 2.1 allows hostnames to start with a digit
2052 private final RegexValidator hostnameRegex =
2053 new RegexValidator(DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX);
2054
2055 /** Local override. */
2056 final String[] myCountryCodeTLDsMinus;
2057
2058 /** Local override. */
2059 final String[] myCountryCodeTLDsPlus;
2060
2061 // Additional arrays to supplement or override the built in ones.
2062 // The PLUS arrays are valid keys, the MINUS arrays are invalid keys
2063
2064 /** Local override. */
2065 final String[] myGenericTLDsPlus;
2066
2067 /** Local override. */
2068 final String[] myGenericTLDsMinus;
2069
2070 /** Local override. */
2071 final String[] myLocalTLDsPlus;
2072
2073 /** Local override. */
2074 final String[] myLocalTLDsMinus;
2075
2076 /*
2077 * It is vital that instances are immutable. This is because the default instances are shared.
2078 */
2079
2080 /**
2081 * Private constructor.
2082 */
2083 private DomainValidator(final boolean allowLocal) {
2084 this.allowLocal = allowLocal;
2085 // link to class overrides
2086 myCountryCodeTLDsMinus = countryCodeTLDsMinus;
2087 myCountryCodeTLDsPlus = countryCodeTLDsPlus;
2088 myGenericTLDsPlus = genericTLDsPlus;
2089 myGenericTLDsMinus = genericTLDsMinus;
2090 myLocalTLDsPlus = localTLDsPlus;
2091 myLocalTLDsMinus = localTLDsMinus;
2092 }
2093
2094 /**
2095 * Private constructor, allowing local overrides
2096 * @since 1.7
2097 */
2098 private DomainValidator(final boolean allowLocal, final List<Item> items) {
2099 this.allowLocal = allowLocal;
2100
2101 // default to class overrides
2102 String[] ccMinus = countryCodeTLDsMinus;
2103 String[] ccPlus = countryCodeTLDsPlus;
2104 String[] genMinus = genericTLDsMinus;
2105 String[] genPlus = genericTLDsPlus;
2106 String[] localMinus = localTLDsMinus;
2107 String[] localPlus = localTLDsPlus;
2108
2109 // apply the instance overrides
2110 for (final Item item : items) {
2111 final String[] copy = new String[item.values.length];
2112 // Comparisons are always done with lower-case entries
2113 for (int i = 0; i < item.values.length; i++) {
2114 copy[i] = item.values[i].toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH);
2115 }
2116 Arrays.sort(copy);
2117 switch (item.type) {
2118 case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS: {
2119 ccMinus = copy;
2120 break;
2121 }
2122 case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS: {
2123 ccPlus = copy;
2124 break;
2125 }
2126 case GENERIC_MINUS: {
2127 genMinus = copy;
2128 break;
2129 }
2130 case GENERIC_PLUS: {
2131 genPlus = copy;
2132 break;
2133 }
2134 case LOCAL_MINUS: {
2135 localMinus = copy;
2136 break;
2137 }
2138 case LOCAL_PLUS: {
2139 localPlus = copy;
2140 break;
2141 }
2142 default:
2143 break;
2144 }
2145 }
2146
2147 // init the instance overrides
2148 myCountryCodeTLDsMinus = ccMinus;
2149 myCountryCodeTLDsPlus = ccPlus;
2150 myGenericTLDsMinus = genMinus;
2151 myGenericTLDsPlus = genPlus;
2152 myLocalTLDsMinus = localMinus;
2153 myLocalTLDsPlus = localPlus;
2154 }
2155
2156 private String chompLeadingDot(final String str) {
2157 if (str.startsWith(".")) {
2158 return str.substring(1);
2159 }
2160 return str;
2161 }
2162
2163 /**
2164 * Gets a copy of an instance level internal array.
2165 * @param table the array type (any of the enum values)
2166 * @return a copy of the array
2167 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the table type is unexpected, for example, GENERIC_RO
2168 * @since 1.7
2169 */
2170 public String[] getOverrides(final ArrayType table) {
2171 final String[] array;
2172 switch (table) {
2173 case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS:
2174 array = myCountryCodeTLDsMinus;
2175 break;
2176 case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS:
2177 array = myCountryCodeTLDsPlus;
2178 break;
2179 case GENERIC_MINUS:
2180 array = myGenericTLDsMinus;
2181 break;
2182 case GENERIC_PLUS:
2183 array = myGenericTLDsPlus;
2184 break;
2185 case LOCAL_MINUS:
2186 array = myLocalTLDsMinus;
2187 break;
2188 case LOCAL_PLUS:
2189 array = myLocalTLDsPlus;
2190 break;
2191 default:
2192 throw new IllegalArgumentException(UNEXPECTED_ENUM_VALUE + table);
2193 }
2194 return Arrays.copyOf(array, array.length); // clone the array
2195 }
2196
2197 /**
2198 * Does this instance allow local addresses?
2199 *
2200 * @return true if local addresses are allowed.
2201 * @since 1.7
2202 */
2203 public boolean isAllowLocal() {
2204 return allowLocal;
2205 }
2206
2207 /**
2208 * Returns true if the specified {@link String} parses
2209 * as a valid domain name with a recognized top-level domain.
2210 * The parsing is case-insensitive.
2211 * @param domain the parameter to check for domain name syntax
2212 * @return true if the parameter is a valid domain name
2213 */
2214 public boolean isValid(String domain) {
2215 if (domain == null) {
2216 return false;
2217 }
2218 domain = unicodeToASCII(domain);
2219 // hosts must be equally reachable via punycode and Unicode
2220 // Unicode is never shorter than punycode, so check punycode
2221 // if domain did not convert, then it will be caught by ASCII
2222 // checks in the regexes below
2223 if (domain.length() > MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH) {
2224 return false;
2225 }
2226 final String[] groups = domainRegex.match(domain);
2227 if (groups != null && groups.length > 0) {
2228 return isValidTld(groups[0]);
2229 }
2230 return allowLocal && hostnameRegex.isValid(domain);
2231 }
2232
2233 /**
2234 * Returns true if the specified {@link String} matches any
2235 * IANA-defined country code top-level domain. Leading dots are
2236 * ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive.
2237 * @param ccTld the parameter to check for country code TLD status, not null
2238 * @return true if the parameter is a country code TLD
2239 */
2240 public boolean isValidCountryCodeTld(final String ccTld) {
2241 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(ccTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
2242 return (arrayContains(COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS, key) || arrayContains(myCountryCodeTLDsPlus, key)) && !arrayContains(myCountryCodeTLDsMinus, key);
2243 }
2244
2245 // package protected for unit test access
2246 // must agree with isValid() above
2247 final boolean isValidDomainSyntax(String domain) {
2248 if (domain == null) {
2249 return false;
2250 }
2251 domain = unicodeToASCII(domain);
2252 // hosts must be equally reachable via punycode and Unicode
2253 // Unicode is never shorter than punycode, so check punycode
2254 // if domain did not convert, then it will be caught by ASCII
2255 // checks in the regexes below
2256 if (domain.length() > MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH) {
2257 return false;
2258 }
2259 final String[] groups = domainRegex.match(domain);
2260 return groups != null && groups.length > 0 || hostnameRegex.isValid(domain);
2261 }
2262 /**
2263 * Returns true if the specified {@link String} matches any
2264 * IANA-defined generic top-level domain. Leading dots are ignored
2265 * if present. The search is case-insensitive.
2266 * @param gTld the parameter to check for generic TLD status, not null
2267 * @return true if the parameter is a generic TLD
2268 */
2269 public boolean isValidGenericTld(final String gTld) {
2270 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(gTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
2271 return (arrayContains(GENERIC_TLDS, key) || arrayContains(myGenericTLDsPlus, key)) && !arrayContains(myGenericTLDsMinus, key);
2272 }
2273
2274 /**
2275 * Returns true if the specified {@link String} matches any
2276 * IANA-defined infrastructure top-level domain. Leading dots are
2277 * ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive.
2278 * @param iTld the parameter to check for infrastructure TLD status, not null
2279 * @return true if the parameter is an infrastructure TLD
2280 */
2281 public boolean isValidInfrastructureTld(final String iTld) {
2282 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(iTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
2283 return arrayContains(INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS, key);
2284 }
2285
2286 /**
2287 * Returns true if the specified {@link String} matches any
2288 * widely used "local" domains (localhost or localdomain). Leading dots are
2289 * ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive.
2290 * @param lTld the parameter to check for local TLD status, not null
2291 * @return true if the parameter is a local TLD
2292 */
2293 public boolean isValidLocalTld(final String lTld) {
2294 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(lTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
2295 return (arrayContains(LOCAL_TLDS, key) || arrayContains(myLocalTLDsPlus, key))
2296 && !arrayContains(myLocalTLDsMinus, key);
2297 }
2298
2299 /**
2300 * Returns true if the specified {@link String} matches any
2301 * IANA-defined top-level domain. Leading dots are ignored if present.
2302 * The search is case-insensitive.
2303 * <p>
2304 * If allowLocal is true, the TLD is checked using {@link #isValidLocalTld(String)}.
2305 * The TLD is then checked against {@link #isValidInfrastructureTld(String)},
2306 * {@link #isValidGenericTld(String)} and {@link #isValidCountryCodeTld(String)}
2307 * @param tld the parameter to check for TLD status, not null
2308 * @return true if the parameter is a TLD
2309 */
2310 public boolean isValidTld(final String tld) {
2311 if (allowLocal && isValidLocalTld(tld)) {
2312 return true;
2313 }
2314 return isValidInfrastructureTld(tld)
2315 || isValidGenericTld(tld)
2316 || isValidCountryCodeTld(tld);
2317 }
2318 }