ModulusCheckDigit

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 *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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package org.apache.commons.validator.routines.checkdigit;

import java.io.Serializable;

import org.apache.commons.validator.GenericValidator;

/**
 * Abstracts <strong>Modulus</strong> Check digit calculation/validation.
 * <p>
 * Provides a <em>base</em> class for building <em>modulus</em> Check Digit routines.
 * </p>
 * <p>
 * This implementation only handles <em>single-digit numeric</em> codes, such as <strong>EAN-13</strong>. For <em>alphanumeric</em> codes such as
 * <strong>EAN-128</strong> you will need to implement/override the {@code toInt()} and {@code toChar()} methods.
 * </p>
 *
 * @since 1.4
 */
public abstract class ModulusCheckDigit extends AbstractCheckDigit implements Serializable {

    static final int MODULUS_10 = 10;
    static final int MODULUS_11 = 11;
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 2948962251251528941L;

    /**
     * Adds together the individual digits in a number.
     *
     * @param number The number whose digits are to be added.
     * @return The sum of the digits.
     */
    public static int sumDigits(final int number) {
        int total = 0;
        int todo = number;
        while (todo > 0) {
            total += todo % 10; // CHECKSTYLE IGNORE MagicNumber
            todo /= 10; // CHECKSTYLE IGNORE MagicNumber
        }
        return total;
    }

    /**
     * The modulus can be greater than 10 provided that the implementing class overrides toCheckDigit and toInt (for example as in ISBN10CheckDigit).
     */
    private final int modulus;

    /**
     * Constructs a modulus 10 {@link CheckDigit} routine for a specified modulus.
     */
    ModulusCheckDigit() {
        this(MODULUS_10);
    }

    /**
     * Constructs a {@link CheckDigit} routine for a specified modulus.
     *
     * @param modulus The modulus value to use for the check digit calculation.
     */
    public ModulusCheckDigit(final int modulus) {
        this.modulus = modulus;
    }

    /**
     * Calculates a modulus <em>Check Digit</em> for a code which does not yet have one.
     *
     * @param code The code for which to calculate the Check Digit; the check digit should not be included.
     * @return The calculated Check Digit.
     * @throws CheckDigitException if an error occurs calculating the check digit.
     */
    @Override
    public String calculate(final String code) throws CheckDigitException {
        if (GenericValidator.isBlankOrNull(code)) {
            throw new CheckDigitException("Code is missing");
        }
        final int modulusResult = calculateModulus(code, false);
        final int charValue = (modulus - modulusResult) % modulus;
        return toCheckDigit(charValue);
    }

    /**
     * Calculates the modulus for a code.
     *
     * @param code               The code to calculate the modulus for.
     * @param includesCheckDigit Whether the code includes the Check Digit or not.
     * @return The modulus value.
     * @throws CheckDigitException if an error occurs calculating the modulus for the specified code.
     */
    protected int calculateModulus(final String code, final boolean includesCheckDigit) throws CheckDigitException {
        int total = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < code.length(); i++) {
            final int lth = code.length() + (includesCheckDigit ? 0 : 1);
            final int leftPos = i + 1;
            final int rightPos = lth - i;
            final int charValue = toInt(code.charAt(i), leftPos, rightPos);
            total += weightedValue(charValue, leftPos, rightPos);
        }
        if (total == 0) {
            throw new CheckDigitException("Invalid code, sum is zero");
        }
        return total % modulus;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the modulus value this check digit routine is based on.
     *
     * @return The modulus value this check digit routine is based on.
     */
    public int getModulus() {
        return modulus;
    }

    /**
     * Tests if the code is of the specified length.
     *
     * @param code The code to test.
     * @param length The length to test for.
     * @return {@code true} if the code is of the specified length, otherwise {@code false}.
     */
    boolean isLength(final String code, final int length) {
        return code != null && code.length() == length;
    }

    /**
     * Validates a modulus check digit for a code.
     *
     * @param code The code to validate.
     * @return {@code true} if the check digit is valid, otherwise {@code false}.
     */
    @Override
    public boolean isValid(final String code) {
        if (GenericValidator.isBlankOrNull(code)) {
            return false;
        }
        try {
            return calculateModulus(code, true) == 0;
        } catch (final CheckDigitException ex) {
            return false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Converts an integer value to a check digit.
     * <p>
     * <strong>Note:</strong> this implementation only handles single-digit numeric values For non-numeric characters, override this method to provide
     * integer--&gt;character conversion.
     * </p>
     *
     * @param charValue The integer value of the character.
     * @return The converted character.
     * @throws CheckDigitException if integer character value. doesn't represent a numeric character.
     */
    protected String toCheckDigit(final int charValue) throws CheckDigitException {
        if (isAsciiDigit(charValue)) {
            return Integer.toString(charValue);
        }
        throw new CheckDigitException("Invalid Check Digit Value =%d", charValue);
    }

    /**
     * Converts a character at a specified position to an integer value.
     * <p>
     * <strong>Note:</strong> this implementation only handlers numeric values For non-numeric characters, override this method to provide
     * character--&gt;integer conversion.
     * </p>
     *
     * @param character The character to convert.
     * @param leftPos   The position of the character in the code, counting from left to right (for identifying the position in the string).
     * @param rightPos  The position of the character in the code, counting from right to left (not used here).
     * @return The integer value of the character.
     * @throws CheckDigitException if character is non-numeric.
     */
    protected int toInt(final char character, final int leftPos, final int rightPos) throws CheckDigitException {
        if (isAsciiDigit(character)) {
            return character - '0';
        }
        throw new CheckDigitException("Invalid Character[%d,%d] = '%c'", leftPos, rightPos, character);
    }

    /**
     * Calculates the <em>weighted</em> value of a character in the code at a specified position.
     * <p>
     * Some modulus routines weight the value of a character depending on its position in the code (for example, ISBN-10), while others use different weighting
     * factors for odd/even positions (for example, EAN or Luhn). Implement the appropriate mechanism required by overriding this method.
     * </p>
     *
     * @param charValue The numeric value of the character.
     * @param leftPos   The position of the character in the code, counting from left to right.
     * @param rightPos  The position of the character in the code, counting from right to left.
     * @return The weighted value of the character.
     * @throws CheckDigitException if an error occurs calculating. the weighted value.
     */
    protected abstract int weightedValue(int charValue, int leftPos, int rightPos) throws CheckDigitException;
}