/*
    * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
    * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
    * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
    * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
    * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
    * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
    *
    *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
   *
   * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
   * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
   * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
   * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
   * limitations under the License.
   */
  package org.apache.commons.vfs2.provider;
  
  import java.util.Arrays;
  
  import org.apache.commons.lang3.SystemUtils;
  import org.apache.commons.vfs2.FileName;
  import org.apache.commons.vfs2.FileSystemException;
  import org.apache.commons.vfs2.FileType;
  import org.apache.commons.vfs2.VFS;
  
  /**
   * Utilities for dealing with URIs. See RFC 2396 for details.
   */
  public final class UriParser {
  
      /**
       * The set of valid separators. These are all converted to the normalized one. Does <em>not</em> contain the
       * normalized separator
       */
      // public static final char[] separators = {'\\'};
      public static final char TRANS_SEPARATOR = '\\';
  
      /**
       * The normalized separator to use.
       */
      private static final char SEPARATOR_CHAR = FileName.SEPARATOR_CHAR;
  
      private static final int HEX_BASE = 16;
  
      private static final int BITS_IN_HALF_BYTE = 4;
  
      private static final char LOW_MASK = 0x0F;
  
      /**
       * Encodes and appends a string to a StringBuilder.
       *
       * @param buffer The StringBuilder to append to.
       * @param unencodedValue The String to encode and append.
       * @param reserved characters to encode.
       */
      public static void appendEncoded(final StringBuilder buffer, final String unencodedValue, final char[] reserved) {
          final int offset = buffer.length();
          buffer.append(unencodedValue);
          encode(buffer, offset, unencodedValue.length(), reserved);
      }
  
      static void appendEncodedRfc2396(final StringBuilder buffer, final String unencodedValue, final char[] allowed) {
          final int offset = buffer.length();
          buffer.append(unencodedValue);
          encodeRfc2396(buffer, offset, unencodedValue.length(), allowed);
      }
  
      /**
       * Canonicalizes a path.
       *
       * @param buffer Source data.
       * @param offset Where to start reading.
       * @param length How much to read.
       * @param fileNameParser Now to encode and decode.
       * @throws FileSystemException If an I/O error occurs.
       */
      public static void canonicalizePath(final StringBuilder buffer, final int offset, final int length,
              final FileNameParser fileNameParser) throws FileSystemException {
          int index = offset;
          int count = length;
          for (; count > 0; count--, index++) {
              final char ch = buffer.charAt(index);
              if (ch == '%') {
                  if (count < 3) {
                      throw new FileSystemException("vfs.provider/invalid-escape-sequence.error",
                              buffer.substring(index, index + count));
                  }
  
                  // Decode
                  final int dig1 = Character.digit(buffer.charAt(index + 1), HEX_BASE);
                  final int dig2 = Character.digit(buffer.charAt(index + 2), HEX_BASE);
                  if (dig1 == -1 || dig2 == -1) {
                      throw new FileSystemException("vfs.provider/invalid-escape-sequence.error",
                              buffer.substring(index, index + 3));
                  }
                  final char value = (char) (dig1 << BITS_IN_HALF_BYTE | dig2);
  
                  final boolean match = value == '%' || fileNameParser.encodeCharacter(value);
 
                 if (match) {
                     // this is a reserved character, not allowed to decode
                     index += 2;
                     count -= 2;
                     continue;
                 }
 
                 // Replace
                 buffer.setCharAt(index, value);
                 buffer.delete(index + 1, index + 3);
                 count -= 2;
             } else if (fileNameParser.encodeCharacter(ch)) {
                 // Encode
                 final char[] digits = {Character.forDigit(ch >> BITS_IN_HALF_BYTE & LOW_MASK, HEX_BASE), Character.forDigit(ch & LOW_MASK, HEX_BASE)};
                 buffer.setCharAt(index, '%');
                 buffer.insert(index + 1, digits);
                 index += 2;
             }
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Decodes the String.
      *
      * @param uri The String to decode.
      * @throws FileSystemException if an error occurs.
      */
     public static void checkUriEncoding(final String uri) throws FileSystemException {
         decode(uri);
     }
 
     /**
      * Removes %nn encodings from a string.
      *
      * @param encodedStr The encoded String.
      * @return The decoded String.
      * @throws FileSystemException if an error occurs.
      */
     public static String decode(final String encodedStr) throws FileSystemException {
         if (encodedStr == null) {
             return null;
         }
         if (encodedStr.indexOf('%') < 0) {
             return encodedStr;
         }
         final StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder(encodedStr);
         decode(buffer, 0, buffer.length());
         return buffer.toString();
     }
 
     /**
      * Removes %nn encodings from a string.
      *
      * @param buffer StringBuilder containing the string to decode.
      * @param offset The position in the string to start decoding.
      * @param length The number of characters to decode.
      * @throws FileSystemException if an error occurs.
      */
     public static void decode(final StringBuilder buffer, final int offset, final int length)
             throws FileSystemException {
         int index = offset;
         int count = length;
         boolean ipv6Host = false;
         for (; count > 0; count--, index++) {
             final char ch = buffer.charAt(index);
             if (ch == '[') {
                 ipv6Host = true;
             }
             if (ch == ']') {
                 ipv6Host = false;
             }
             if (ch != '%' || ipv6Host) {
                 continue;
             }
 
             if (count < 3) {
                 throw new FileSystemException("vfs.provider/invalid-escape-sequence.error",
                         buffer.substring(index, index + count));
             }
 
             // Decode
             final int dig1 = Character.digit(buffer.charAt(index + 1), HEX_BASE);
             final int dig2 = Character.digit(buffer.charAt(index + 2), HEX_BASE);
             if (dig1 == -1 || dig2 == -1) {
                 throw new FileSystemException("vfs.provider/invalid-escape-sequence.error",
                         buffer.substring(index, index + 3));
             }
             final char value = (char) (dig1 << BITS_IN_HALF_BYTE | dig2);
 
             // Replace
             buffer.setCharAt(index, value);
             buffer.delete(index + 1, index + 3);
             count -= 2;
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Converts "special" characters to their %nn value.
      *
      * @param decodedStr The decoded String.
      * @return The encoded String.
      */
     public static String encode(final String decodedStr) {
         return encode(decodedStr, null);
     }
 
     /**
      * Converts "special" characters to their %nn value.
      *
      * @param decodedStr The decoded String.
      * @param reserved Characters to encode.
      * @return The encoded String
      */
     public static String encode(final String decodedStr, final char[] reserved) {
         if (decodedStr == null) {
             return null;
         }
         final StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder(decodedStr);
         encode(buffer, 0, buffer.length(), reserved);
         return buffer.toString();
     }
 
     /**
      * Encode an array of Strings.
      *
      * @param strings The array of Strings to encode.
      * @return An array of encoded Strings.
      */
     public static String[] encode(final String[] strings) {
         if (strings == null) {
             return null;
         }
         Arrays.setAll(strings, i -> encode(strings[i]));
         return strings;
     }
 
     /**
      * Encodes a set of reserved characters in a StringBuilder, using the URI %nn encoding. Always encodes % characters.
      *
      * @param buffer The StringBuilder to append to.
      * @param offset The position in the buffer to start encoding at.
      * @param length The number of characters to encode.
      * @param reserved characters to encode.
      */
     public static void encode(final StringBuilder buffer, final int offset, final int length, final char[] reserved) {
         int index = offset;
         int count = length;
         for (; count > 0; index++, count--) {
             final char ch = buffer.charAt(index);
             boolean match = ch == '%';
             if (reserved != null) {
                 for (int i = 0; !match && i < reserved.length; i++) {
                     if (ch == reserved[i]) {
                         match = true;
                         break;
                     }
                 }
             }
             if (match) {
                 // Encode
                 final char[] digits = {Character.forDigit(ch >> BITS_IN_HALF_BYTE & LOW_MASK, HEX_BASE), Character.forDigit(ch & LOW_MASK, HEX_BASE)};
                 buffer.setCharAt(index, '%');
                 buffer.insert(index + 1, digits);
                 index += 2;
             }
         }
     }
 
     static void encodeRfc2396(final StringBuilder buffer, final int offset, final int length, final char[] allowed) {
         int index = offset;
         int count = length;
         for (; count > 0; index++, count--) {
             final char ch = buffer.charAt(index);
             if (Arrays.binarySearch(allowed, ch) < 0) {
                 // Encode
                 final char[] digits = {Character.forDigit(ch >> BITS_IN_HALF_BYTE & LOW_MASK, HEX_BASE), Character.forDigit(ch & LOW_MASK, HEX_BASE)};
                 buffer.setCharAt(index, '%');
                 buffer.insert(index + 1, digits);
                 index += 2;
             }
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Extracts the first element of a path.
      *
      * @param name StringBuilder containing the path.
      * @return The first element of the path.
      */
     public static String extractFirstElement(final StringBuilder name) {
         final int len = name.length();
         if (len < 1) {
             return null;
         }
         int startPos = 0;
         if (name.charAt(0) == SEPARATOR_CHAR) {
             startPos = 1;
         }
         for (int pos = startPos; pos < len; pos++) {
             if (name.charAt(pos) == SEPARATOR_CHAR) {
                 // Found a separator
                 final String elem = name.substring(startPos, pos);
                 name.delete(startPos, pos + 1);
                 return elem;
             }
         }
 
         // No separator
         final String elem = name.substring(startPos);
         name.setLength(0);
         return elem;
     }
 
     /**
      * Extract the query String from the URI.
      *
      * @param name StringBuilder containing the URI.
      * @return The query string, if any. null otherwise.
      */
     public static String extractQueryString(final StringBuilder name) {
         for (int pos = 0; pos < name.length(); pos++) {
             if (name.charAt(pos) == '?') {
                 final String queryString = name.substring(pos + 1);
                 name.delete(pos, name.length());
                 return queryString;
             }
         }
 
         return null;
     }
 
     /**
      * Extracts the scheme from a URI.
      *
      * @param uri The URI.
      * @return The scheme name. Returns null if there is no scheme.
      * @deprecated Use instead {@link #extractScheme}.  Will be removed in 3.0.
      */
     @Deprecated
     public static String extractScheme(final String uri) {
         return extractScheme(uri, null);
     }
 
     /**
      * Extracts the scheme from a URI. Removes the scheme and ':' delimiter from the front of the URI.
      *
      * @param uri The URI.
      * @param buffer Returns the remainder of the URI.
      * @return The scheme name. Returns null if there is no scheme.
      * @deprecated Use instead {@link #extractScheme}.  Will be removed in 3.0.
      */
     @Deprecated
     public static String extractScheme(final String uri, final StringBuilder buffer) {
         if (buffer != null) {
             buffer.setLength(0);
             buffer.append(uri);
         }
 
         final int maxPos = uri.length();
         for (int pos = 0; pos < maxPos; pos++) {
             final char ch = uri.charAt(pos);
 
             if (ch == ':') {
                 // Found the end of the scheme
                 final String scheme = uri.substring(0, pos);
                 if (scheme.length() <= 1 && SystemUtils.IS_OS_WINDOWS) {
                     // This is not a scheme, but a Windows drive letter
                     return null;
                 }
                 if (buffer != null) {
                     buffer.delete(0, pos + 1);
                 }
                 return scheme.intern();
             }
 
             if (ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z' || ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z') {
                 // A scheme character
                 continue;
             }
             if (!(pos > 0 && (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9' || ch == '+' || ch == '-' || ch == '.'))) {
                 // Not a scheme character
                 break;
             }
             // A scheme character (these are not allowed as the first
             // character of the scheme), but can be used as subsequent
             // characters.
         }
 
         // No scheme in URI
         return null;
     }
 
     /**
      * Extracts the scheme from a URI. Removes the scheme and ':' delimiter from the front of the URI.
      * <p>
      * The scheme is extracted based on the currently supported schemes in the system.  That is to say the schemes
      * supported by the registered providers.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * This allows us to handle varying scheme's without making assumptions based on the ':' character.  Specifically
      * handle scheme extraction calls for URI parameters that are not actually uri's, but may be names with ':' in them.
      * </p>
      * @param schemes The schemes to check.
      * @param uri The potential URI. May also be a name.
      * @return The scheme name. Returns null if there is no scheme.
      * @since 2.3
      */
     public static String extractScheme(final String[] schemes, final String uri) {
         return extractScheme(schemes, uri, null);
     }
 
     /**
      * Extracts the scheme from a URI. Removes the scheme and ':' delimiter from the front of the URI.
      * <p>
      * The scheme is extracted based on the given set of schemes. Normally, that is to say the schemes
      * supported by the registered providers.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * This allows us to handle varying scheme's without making assumptions based on the ':' character. Specifically
      * handle scheme extraction calls for URI parameters that are not actually URI's, but may be names with ':' in them.
      * </p>
      * @param schemes The schemes to check.
      * @param uri The potential URI. May also just be a name.
      * @param buffer Returns the remainder of the URI.
      * @return The scheme name. Returns null if there is no scheme.
      * @since 2.3
      */
     public static String extractScheme(final String[] schemes, final String uri, final StringBuilder buffer) {
         if (buffer != null) {
             buffer.setLength(0);
             buffer.append(uri);
         }
         for (final String scheme : schemes) {
             if (uri.startsWith(scheme + ":")) {
                 if (buffer != null) {
                     buffer.delete(0, uri.indexOf(':') + 1);
                 }
                 return scheme;
             }
         }
         return null;
     }
 
     /**
      * Normalises the separators in a name.
      *
      * @param name The StringBuilder containing the name
      * @return true if the StringBuilder was modified.
      */
     public static boolean fixSeparators(final StringBuilder name) {
         boolean changed = false;
         int maxlen = name.length();
         for (int i = 0; i < maxlen; i++) {
             final char ch = name.charAt(i);
             if (ch == TRANS_SEPARATOR) {
                 name.setCharAt(i, SEPARATOR_CHAR);
                 changed = true;
             }
             if (i < maxlen - 2 && name.charAt(i) == '%' && name.charAt(i + 1) == '2') {
                 if (name.charAt(i + 2) == 'f' || name.charAt(i + 2) == 'F') {
                     name.setCharAt(i, SEPARATOR_CHAR);
                     name.delete(i + 1, i + 3);
                     maxlen -= 2;
                     changed = true;
                 } else if (name.charAt(i + 2) == 'e' || name.charAt(i + 2) == 'E') {
                     name.setCharAt(i, '.');
                     name.delete(i + 1, i + 3);
                     maxlen -= 2;
                     changed = true;
                 }
             }
         }
         return changed;
     }
 
     /**
      * Normalises a path. Does the following:
      * <ul>
      * <li>Removes empty path elements.
      * <li>Handles '.' and '..' elements.
      * <li>Removes trailing separator.
      * </ul>
      *
      * Its assumed that the separators are already fixed.
      *
      * @param path The path to normalize.
      * @return The FileType.
      * @throws FileSystemException if an error occurs.
      * @see #fixSeparators
      */
     public static FileType normalisePath(final StringBuilder path) throws FileSystemException {
         FileType fileType = FileType.FOLDER;
         if (path.length() == 0) {
             return fileType;
         }
 
         // '/' or '.' or '..' or anyPath/..' or 'anyPath/.'  should always be a path
         if (path.charAt(path.length() - 1) != '/'
                 && path.lastIndexOf("/..") != path.length() - 3
                 && path.lastIndexOf("/.") != path.length() - 2
                 && path.lastIndexOf("..") != 0
                 && path.lastIndexOf(".") != 0
         ) {
             fileType = FileType.FILE;
         }
 
         // Adjust separators
         // fixSeparators(path);
 
         // Determine the start of the first element
         int startFirstElem = 0;
         if (path.charAt(0) == SEPARATOR_CHAR) {
             if (path.length() == 1) {
                 return fileType;
             }
             startFirstElem = 1;
         }
 
         // Iterate over each element
         int startElem = startFirstElem;
         int maxlen = path.length();
         while (startElem < maxlen) {
             // Find the end of the element
             int endElem = startElem;
             while (endElem < maxlen && path.charAt(endElem) != SEPARATOR_CHAR) {
                 endElem++;
             }
 
             final int elemLen = endElem - startElem;
             if (elemLen == 0) {
                 // An empty element - axe it
                 path.deleteCharAt(endElem);
                 maxlen = path.length();
                 continue;
             }
             if (elemLen == 1 && path.charAt(startElem) == '.') {
                 // A '.' element - axe it
                 path.deleteCharAt(startElem);
                 maxlen = path.length();
                 continue;
             }
             if (elemLen == 2 && path.charAt(startElem) == '.' && path.charAt(startElem + 1) == '.') {
                 // A '..' element - remove the previous element
                 if (startElem == startFirstElem) {
                     // Previous element is missing
                     throw new FileSystemException("vfs.provider/invalid-relative-path.error");
                 }
 
                 // Find start of previous element
                 int pos = startElem - 2;
                 while (pos >= 0 && path.charAt(pos) != SEPARATOR_CHAR) {
                     pos--;
                 }
                 startElem = pos + 1;
 
                 path.delete(startElem, endElem + 1);
                 maxlen = path.length();
                 continue;
             }
 
             // A regular element
             startElem = endElem + 1;
         }
 
         // Remove trailing separator
         if (!VFS.isUriStyle() && maxlen > 1 && path.charAt(maxlen - 1) == SEPARATOR_CHAR) {
             path.deleteCharAt(maxlen - 1);
         }
 
         return fileType;
     }
 
     private UriParser() {
     }
 }