/*
    * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
    * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
    * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
    * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
    * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
    * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
    *
    *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
   *
   * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
   * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
   * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
   * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
   * limitations under the License.
   */
  
  package org.apache.commons.jexl3;
  
  import java.nio.charset.Charset;
  import java.util.Arrays;
  import java.util.Collection;
  import java.util.Map;
  import java.util.function.IntFunction;
  import java.util.function.Supplier;
  
  import org.apache.commons.jexl3.internal.Engine;
  import org.apache.commons.jexl3.internal.SoftCache;
  import org.apache.commons.jexl3.introspection.JexlPermissions;
  import org.apache.commons.jexl3.introspection.JexlSandbox;
  import org.apache.commons.jexl3.introspection.JexlUberspect;
  import org.apache.commons.jexl3.parser.JexlScriptParser;
  import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
  
  /**
   * Configures and builds a JexlEngine.
   *
   * <p>
   *     The builder allow fine-tuning an engine instance behavior according to various control needs.
   *     Check <em>{@link #JexlBuilder()}</em> for permission impacts starting with <em>JEXL 3.3</em>.
   * </p><p>
   *     Broad configurations elements are controlled through the features ({@link JexlFeatures}) that can restrict JEXL
   *  syntax - for instance, only expressions with no-side effects - and permissions ({@link JexlPermissions}) that control
   *  the visible set of objects - for instance, avoiding access to any object in java.rmi.* -.
   *  </p><p>
   *     Fine error control and runtime-overridable behaviors are implemented through options ({@link JexlOptions}). Most
   * common flags accessible from the builder are reflected in its options ({@link #options()}).
   * </p><p>
   *     The {@code silent} flag tells the engine what to do with the error; when true, errors are logged as
   * warning, when false, they throw {@link JexlException} exceptions.
   * </p><p>
   *     The {@code strict} flag tells the engine when and if null as operand is considered an error. The {@code safe}
   * flog determines if safe-navigation is used. Safe-navigation allows an  evaluation shortcut and return null in expressions
   * that attempts dereferencing null, typically a method call or accessing a property.
   * </p><p>
   *     The {@code lexical} and {@code lexicalShade} flags can be used to enforce a lexical scope for
   * variables and parameters. The {@code lexicalShade} can be used to further ensure no global variable can be
   * used with the same name as a local one even after it goes out of scope. The corresponding feature flags should be
   * preferred since they will detect violations at parsing time. (see {@link JexlFeatures})
   * </p><p>
   *     The following rules apply on silent and strict flags:
   * </p>
   * <ul>
   * <li>When "silent" &amp; "not-strict":
   * <p> 0 &amp; null should be indicators of "default" values so that even in an case of error,
   * something meaningful can still be inferred; may be convenient for configurations.
   * </p>
   * </li>
   * <li>When "silent" &amp; "strict":
   * <p>One should probably consider using null as an error case - ie, every object
   * manipulated by JEXL should be valued; the ternary operator, especially the '?:' form
   * can be used to workaround exceptional cases.
   * Use case could be configuration with no implicit values or defaults.
   * </p>
   * </li>
   * <li>When "not-silent" &amp; "not-strict":
   * <p>The error control grain is roughly on par with JEXL 1.0</p>
   * </li>
   * <li>When "not-silent" &amp; "strict":
   * <p>The finest error control grain is obtained; it is the closest to Java code -
   * still augmented by "script" capabilities regarding automated conversions and type matching.
   * </p>
   * </li>
   * </ul>
   */
  public class JexlBuilder {
  
      /**
       * The set of default permissions used when creating a new builder.
       * <p>Static but modifiable so these default permissions can be changed to a purposeful set.</p>
       * <p>In JEXL 3.3, these are {@link JexlPermissions#RESTRICTED}.</p>
       * <p>In JEXL 3.2, these were equivalent to {@link JexlPermissions#UNRESTRICTED}.</p>
       */
      private static JexlPermissions PERMISSIONS = JexlPermissions.RESTRICTED;
  
      /** The default maximum expression length to hit the expression cache. */
      protected static final int CACHE_THRESHOLD = 64;
  
      /**
      * Sets the default permissions.
      *
      * @param permissions the permissions
      */
     public static void setDefaultPermissions(final JexlPermissions permissions) {
         PERMISSIONS = permissions == null ? JexlPermissions.RESTRICTED : permissions;
     }
 
     /** The JexlUberspect instance. */
     private JexlUberspect uberspect;
 
     /** The {@link JexlUberspect} resolver strategy. */
     private JexlUberspect.ResolverStrategy strategy;
 
     /** The set of permissions. */
     private JexlPermissions permissions;
 
     /** The sandbox. */
     private JexlSandbox sandbox;
 
     /** The Log to which all JexlEngine messages will be logged. */
     private Log logger;
 
     /** Whether error messages will carry debugging information. */
     private Boolean debug;
 
     /** Whether interrupt throws JexlException.Cancel. */
     private Boolean cancellable;
 
     /** The options. */
     private final JexlOptions options = new JexlOptions();
 
     /** Whether getVariables considers all potential equivalent syntactic forms. */
     private int collectMode = 1;
 
     /** The {@link JexlArithmetic} instance. */
     private JexlArithmetic arithmetic;
 
     /** The cache size. */
     private int cache = -1;
 
     /** The cache class factory. */
     private IntFunction<JexlCache<?,?>> cacheFactory = SoftCache::new;
 
    /** The parser class factory. */
    private Supplier<JexlScriptParser> parserFactory;
 
     /** The stack overflow limit. */
     private int stackOverflow = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
 
     /** The maximum expression length to hit the expression cache. */
     private int cacheThreshold = CACHE_THRESHOLD;
 
     /** The charset. */
     private Charset charset = Charset.defaultCharset();
 
     /** The class loader. */
     private ClassLoader loader;
 
     /** The features. */
     private JexlFeatures features;
 
     /**
      * Default constructor.
      * <p>
      * As of JEXL 3.3, to reduce the security risks inherent to JEXL&quot;s purpose, the builder will use a set of
      * restricted permissions as a default to create the {@link JexlEngine} instance. This will greatly reduce which classes
      * and methods are visible to JEXL and usable in scripts using default implicit behaviors.
      * </p><p>
      * However, without mitigation, this change will likely break some scripts at runtime, especially those exposing
      * your own class instances through arguments, contexts or namespaces.
      * The new default set of allowed packages and denied classes is described by {@link JexlPermissions#RESTRICTED}.
      * </p><p>
      * The recommended mitigation if your usage of JEXL is impacted is to first thoroughly review what should be
      * allowed and exposed to script authors and implement those through a set of {@link JexlPermissions};
      * those are easily created using {@link JexlPermissions#parse(String...)}.
      * </p><p>
      * In the urgent case of a strict 3.2 compatibility, the simplest and fastest mitigation is to use the 'unrestricted'
      * set of permissions. The builder must be explicit about it either by setting the default permissions with a
      * statement like {@code JexlBuilder.setDefaultPermissions(JexlPermissions.UNRESTRICTED);} or with a more precise
      * one like {@code new JexlBuilder().permissions({@link JexlPermissions#UNRESTRICTED})}.
      * </p><p>
      * Note that an explicit call to {@link #uberspect(JexlUberspect)} will supersede any permissions related behavior
      * by using the {@link JexlUberspect} provided as argument used as-is in the created {@link JexlEngine}.
      * </p>
      *
      * @since 3.3
      */
     public JexlBuilder() {
         this.permissions = PERMISSIONS;
     }
 
     /**
      * Is antish resolution enabled?
      *
      * @return whether antish resolution is enabled
      */
     public boolean antish() {
         return options.isAntish();
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets whether the engine will resolve antish variable names.
      *
      * @param flag true means antish resolution is enabled, false disables it
      * @return this builder
      */
     public JexlBuilder antish(final boolean flag) {
         options.setAntish(flag);
         return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the JexlArithmetic instance the engine will use.
      *
      * @return the arithmetic
      */
     public JexlArithmetic arithmetic() {
         return this.arithmetic;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the JexlArithmetic instance the engine will use.
      *
      * @param a the arithmetic
      * @return this builder
      */
     public JexlBuilder arithmetic(final JexlArithmetic a) {
         this.arithmetic = a;
         options.setStrictArithmetic(a.isStrict());
         options.setMathContext(a.getMathContext());
         options.setMathScale(a.getMathScale());
         return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets whether logical expressions (&quot;&quot; , ||) coerce their result to boolean.
      *
      * @param flag true or false
      * @return this builder
      */
     public JexlBuilder booleanLogical(final boolean flag) {
       options.setBooleanLogical(flag);
       return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the expression cache size the engine will use.
      *
      * @return the cache size
      */
     public int cache() {
       return cache;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the expression cache size the engine will use.
      * <p>The cache will contain at most {@code size} expressions of at most {@code cacheThreshold} length.
      * Note that all JEXL caches are held through SoftReferences and may be garbage-collected.</p>
      *
      * @param size if not strictly positive, no cache is used.
      * @return this builder
      */
     public JexlBuilder cache(final int size) {
         this.cache = size;
         return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the expression-cache factory the engine will use.
      *
      * @return the cache factory
      */
     public IntFunction<JexlCache<?, ?>> cacheFactory() {
       return this.cacheFactory;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the expression-cache factory the engine will use.
      *
      * @param factory the function to produce a cache.
      * @return this builder
      */
     public JexlBuilder cacheFactory(final IntFunction<JexlCache<?, ?>> factory) {
       this.cacheFactory = factory;
       return this;
     }
 
   /**
    * Gets the Jexl script parser factory the engine will use.
    *
    * @return the cache factory
    * @since 3.5.0
    */
   public Supplier<JexlScriptParser> parserFactory() {
     return this.parserFactory;
   }
 
   /**
    * Sets the Jexl script parser factory the engine will use.
    *
    * @param factory the function to produce a cache.
    * @return this builder
    * @since 3.5.0
    */
     public JexlBuilder parserFactory(final Supplier<JexlScriptParser> factory) {
       this.parserFactory = factory;
       return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the maximum length for an expression to be cached.
      *
      * @return the cache threshold
      */
     public int cacheThreshold() {
         return cacheThreshold;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the maximum length for an expression to be cached.
      * <p>Expression whose length is greater than this expression cache length threshold will
      * bypass the cache.</p>
      * <p>It is expected that a "long" script will be parsed once and its reference kept
      * around in user-space structures; the jexl expression cache has no added-value in this case.</p>
      *
      * @param length if not strictly positive, the value is silently replaced by the default value (64).
      * @return this builder
      */
     public JexlBuilder cacheThreshold(final int length) {
         this.cacheThreshold = length > 0? length : CACHE_THRESHOLD;
         return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the cancellable information flag
      *
      * @return the cancellable information flag
      * @since 3.1
      */
     public Boolean cancellable() {
         return this.cancellable;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the engine behavior upon interruption: throw an JexlException.Cancel or terminates the current evaluation
      * and return null.
      *
      * @param flag true implies the engine throws the exception, false makes the engine return null.
      * @return this builder
      * @since 3.1
      */
     public JexlBuilder cancellable(final boolean flag) {
         this.cancellable = flag;
         options.setCancellable(flag);
         return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the charset
      *
      * @return the charset
      */
     public Charset charset() {
         return charset;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the charset to use.
      *
      * @param arg the charset
      * @return this builder
      * @since 3.1
      */
     public JexlBuilder charset(final Charset arg) {
         this.charset = arg;
         return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * Does the variable collection follow strict syntactic rule?
      *
      * @return true if variable collection follows strict syntactic rule
      * @since 3.2
      */
     public boolean collectAll() {
         return this.collectMode != 0;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets whether the engine variable collectors considers all potential forms of variable syntaxes.
      *
      * @param flag true means var collections considers constant array accesses equivalent to dotted references
      * @return this builder
      * @since 3.2
      */
     public JexlBuilder collectAll(final boolean flag) {
         return collectMode(flag? 1 : 0);
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the collection mode.
      *
      * @return 0 if variable collection follows strict syntactic rule
      * @since 3.2
      */
     public int collectMode() {
         return this.collectMode;
     }
 
     /**
      * Experimental collector mode setter.
      *
      * @param mode 0 or 1 as equivalents to false and true, other values are experimental
      * @return this builder
      * @since 3.2
      */
     public JexlBuilder collectMode(final int mode) {
         this.collectMode = mode;
         return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * Create a new engine
      *
      * @return a {@link JexlEngine} instance
      */
     public JexlEngine create() {
         return new Engine(this);
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the debug flag.
      *
      * @return the debugging information flag
      */
     public Boolean debug() {
         return this.debug;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets whether the engine will report debugging information when error occurs.
      *
      * @see JexlEngine#isDebug()
      * @param flag true implies debug is on, false implies debug is off.
      * @return this builder
      */
     public JexlBuilder debug(final boolean flag) {
         this.debug = flag;
         return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the features the engine will use as a base by default.
      *
      * @return the features
      */
     public JexlFeatures features() {
         return this.features;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the features the engine will use as a base by default.
      * <p>Note that the script flag will be ignored; the engine will be able to parse expressions and scripts.
      * <p>Note also that these will apply to template expressions and scripts.
      * <p>As a last remark, if lexical or lexicalShade are set as features, this
      * method will also set the corresponding options.
      *
      * @param f the features
      * @return this builder
      */
     public JexlBuilder features(final JexlFeatures f) {
         this.features = f;
         if (features != null) {
             if (features.isLexical()) {
                 options.setLexical(true);
             }
             if (features.isLexicalShade()) {
                 options.setLexicalShade(true);
             }
         }
         return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the optional set of imported packages.
      *
      * @return the set of imports, may be empty, not null
      */
     public Collection<String> imports() {
         return options.getImports();
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the optional set of imports.
      *
      * @param imports the imported packages
      * @return this builder
      */
     public JexlBuilder imports(final Collection<String> imports) {
         options.setImports(imports);
         return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the optional set of imports.
      *
      * @param imports the imported packages
      * @return this builder
      */
     public JexlBuilder imports(final String... imports) {
         return imports(Arrays.asList(imports));
     }
 
     /**
      * Is lexical scope enabled?
      *
      * @see JexlOptions#isLexical()
      * @return whether lexical scope is enabled
      * @deprecated 3.5.0
      */
     @Deprecated
     public boolean lexical() {
         return options.isLexical();
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets whether the engine is in lexical mode.
      *
      * @param flag true means lexical function scope is in effect, false implies non-lexical scoping
      * @return this builder
      * @since 3.2
      */
     public JexlBuilder lexical(final boolean flag) {
         options.setLexical(flag);
         return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * Checks whether lexical shading is enabled.
      *
      * @see JexlOptions#isLexicalShade()
      * @return whether lexical shading is enabled
      * @deprecated 3.5.0
      */
     @Deprecated
     public boolean lexicalShade() {
         return options.isLexicalShade();
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets whether the engine is in lexical shading mode.
      *
      * @param flag true means lexical shading is in effect, false implies no lexical shading
      * @return this builder
      * @since 3.2
      */
     public JexlBuilder lexicalShade(final boolean flag) {
         options.setLexicalShade(flag);
         return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the classloader
      *
      * @return the class loader
      */
     public ClassLoader loader() {
         return loader;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the charset to use.
      *
      * @param arg the charset
      * @return this builder
      * @deprecated since 3.1 use {@link #charset(Charset)} instead
      */
     @Deprecated
     public JexlBuilder loader(final Charset arg) {
         return charset(arg);
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the class loader to use.
      *
      * @param l the class loader
      * @return this builder
      */
     public JexlBuilder loader(final ClassLoader l) {
         this.loader = l;
         return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the logger
      *
      * @return the logger
      */
     public Log logger() {
         return this.logger;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the o.a.c.Log instance to use.
      *
      * @param log the logger
      * @return this builder
      */
     public JexlBuilder logger(final Log log) {
         this.logger = log;
         return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the map of namespaces.
      *
      * @return the map of namespaces.
      */
     public Map<String, Object> namespaces() {
         return options.getNamespaces();
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the default namespaces map the engine will use.
      * <p>
      * Each entry key is used as a prefix, each entry value used as a bean implementing
      * methods; an expression like 'nsx:method(123)' will thus be solved by looking at
      * a registered bean named 'nsx' that implements method 'method' in that map.
      * If all methods are static, you may use the bean class instead of an instance as value.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * If the entry value is a class that has one constructor taking a JexlContext as argument, an instance
      * of the namespace will be created at evaluation time. It might be a good idea to derive a JexlContext
      * to carry the information used by the namespace to avoid variable space pollution and strongly type
      * the constructor with this specialized JexlContext.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * The key or prefix allows to retrieve the bean that plays the role of the namespace.
      * If the prefix is null, the namespace is the top-level namespace allowing to define
      * top-level user-defined namespaces ( ie: myfunc(...) )
      * </p>
      * <p>Note that the JexlContext is also used to try to solve top-level namespaces. This allows ObjectContext
      * derived instances to call methods on the wrapped object.</p>
      *
      * @param ns the map of namespaces
      * @return this builder
      */
     public JexlBuilder namespaces(final Map<String, Object> ns) {
         options.setNamespaces(ns);
         return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the current set of options
      *
      * @return the current set of options
      */
     public JexlOptions options() {
       return options;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the permissions
      *
      * @return the permissions
      */
     public JexlPermissions permissions() {
         return this.permissions;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the JexlPermissions instance the engine will use.
      *
      * @param p the permissions
      * @return this builder
      */
     public JexlBuilder permissions(final JexlPermissions p) {
         this.permissions = p;
         return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * Is it safe to dereference null?
      *
      * @return true if safe, false otherwise
      */
     public Boolean safe() {
         return options.isSafe();
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets whether the engine considers dereferencing null in navigation expressions
      * as null or triggers an error.
      * <p>{@code x.y()} if x is null throws an exception when not safe,
      * return null and warns if it is.</p>
      * <p>It is recommended to use <em>safe(false)</em> as an explicit default.</p>
      *
      * @param flag true means safe navigation, false throws exception when dereferencing null
      * @return this builder
      */
     public JexlBuilder safe(final boolean flag) {
         options.setSafe(flag);
         return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the sandbox
      *
      * @return the sandbox
      */
     public JexlSandbox sandbox() {
         return this.sandbox;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the sandbox the engine will use.
      *
      * @param box the sandbox
      * @return this builder
      */
     public JexlBuilder sandbox(final JexlSandbox box) {
         this.sandbox = box;
         return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * Is error handling silent?
      *
      * @return the silent error handling flag
      */
     public Boolean silent() {
         return options.isSilent();
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets whether the engine will throw JexlException during evaluation when an error is triggered.
      * <p>When <em>not</em> silent, the engine throws an exception when the evaluation triggers an exception or an
      * error.</p>
      * <p>It is recommended to use <em>silent(true)</em> as an explicit default.</p>
      *
      * @param flag true means no JexlException will occur, false allows them
      * @return this builder
      */
     public JexlBuilder silent(final boolean flag) {
         options.setSilent(flag);
         return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the cache size
      *
      * @return the cache size
      */
     public int stackOverflow() {
         return stackOverflow;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the number of script/expression evaluations that can be stacked.
      *
      * @param size if not strictly positive, limit is reached when Java StackOverflow is thrown.
      * @return this builder
      */
     public JexlBuilder stackOverflow(final int size) {
         this.stackOverflow = size;
         return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the JexlUberspect strategy
      *
      * @return the JexlUberspect strategy */
     public JexlUberspect.ResolverStrategy strategy() {
         return this.strategy;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the JexlUberspect strategy the engine will use.
      * <p>This is ignored if the uberspect has been set.
      *
      * @param rs the strategy
      * @return this builder
      */
     public JexlBuilder strategy(final JexlUberspect.ResolverStrategy rs) {
         this.strategy = rs;
         return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * Is it strict mode?
      *
      * @return true if strict, false otherwise */
     public Boolean strict() {
         return options.isStrict();
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets whether the engine considers unknown variables, methods, functions and constructors as errors or
      * evaluates them as null.
      * <p>When <em>not</em> strict, operators or functions using null operands return null on evaluation. When
      * strict, those raise exceptions.</p>
      * <p>It is recommended to use <em>strict(true)</em> as an explicit default.</p>
      *
      * @param flag true means strict error reporting, false allows them to be evaluated as null
      * @return this builder
      */
     public JexlBuilder strict(final boolean flag) {
         options.setStrict(flag);
         return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * Is interpolation strict?
      *
      * @see JexlOptions#setStrictInterpolation(boolean)
      * @param flag strict interpolation flag
      * @return this builder
      */
     public JexlBuilder strictInterpolation(final boolean flag) {
         options.setStrictInterpolation(flag);
         return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the uberspect
      *
      * @return the uberspect */
     public JexlUberspect uberspect() {
         return this.uberspect;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the JexlUberspect instance the engine will use.
      *
      * @param u the uberspect
      * @return this builder
      */
     public JexlBuilder uberspect(final JexlUberspect u) {
         this.uberspect = u;
         return this;
     }
 }