/*
    * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
    * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
    * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
    * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
    * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
    * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
    *
    *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
   *
   * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
   * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
   * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
   * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
   * limitations under the License.
   */
  package org.apache.commons.lang3;
  
  import java.security.SecureRandom;
  import java.security.Security;
  import java.util.Random;
  import java.util.concurrent.ThreadLocalRandom;
  import java.util.function.Supplier;
  
  /**
   * Generates random {@link String}s.
   * <p>
   * Use {@link #secure()} to get the singleton instance based on {@link SecureRandom#SecureRandom()} which uses a secure random number generator implementing the
   * default random number algorithm.
   * </p>
   * <p>
   * Use {@link #secureStrong()} to get the singleton instance based on {@link SecureRandom#getInstanceStrong()} which uses an instance that was selected by using
   * the algorithms/providers specified in the {@code securerandom.strongAlgorithms} {@link Security} property.
   * </p>
   * <p>
   * Use {@link #insecure()} to get the singleton instance based on {@link ThreadLocalRandom#current()} <strong>which is not cryptographically secure</strong>. In addition,
   * instances do not use a cryptographically random seed unless the {@linkplain System#getProperty system property} {@code java.util.secureRandomSeed} is set to
   * {@code true}.
   * </p>
   * <p>
   * Starting in version 3.17.0, the method {@link #secure()} uses {@link SecureRandom#SecureRandom()} instead of {@link SecureRandom#getInstanceStrong()}, and
   * adds {@link #secureStrong()}.
   * </p>
   * <p>
   * Starting in version 3.16.0, this class uses {@link #secure()} for static methods and adds {@link #insecure()}.
   * </p>
   * <p>
   * Starting in version 3.15.0, this class uses {@link SecureRandom#getInstanceStrong()} for static methods.
   * </p>
   * <p>
   * Before version 3.15.0, this class used {@link ThreadLocalRandom#current()} for static methods, which is not cryptographically secure.
   * </p>
   * <p>
   * RandomStringUtils is intended for simple use cases. For more advanced use cases consider using Apache Commons Text's
   * <a href= "https://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-text/javadocs/api-release/org/apache/commons/text/RandomStringGenerator.html"> RandomStringGenerator</a>
   * instead.
   * </p>
   * <p>
   * The Apache Commons project provides <a href="https://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-rng/">Commons RNG</a> dedicated to pseudo-random number generation,
   * that may be a better choice for applications with more stringent requirements (performance and/or correctness).
   * </p>
   * <p>
   * Note that <em>private high surrogate</em> characters are ignored. These are Unicode characters that fall between the values 56192 (db80) and 56319 (dbff) as
   * we don't know how to handle them. High and low surrogates are correctly dealt with - that is if a high surrogate is randomly chosen, 55296 (d800) to 56191
   * (db7f) then it is followed by a low surrogate. If a low surrogate is chosen, 56320 (dc00) to 57343 (dfff) then it is placed after a randomly chosen high
   * surrogate.
   * </p>
   * <p>
   * #ThreadSafe#
   * </p>
   *
   * @see #secure()
   * @see #secureStrong()
   * @see #insecure()
   * @see SecureRandom#SecureRandom()
   * @see SecureRandom#getInstanceStrong()
   * @see ThreadLocalRandom#current()
   * @see RandomUtils
   * @since 1.0
   */
  public class RandomStringUtils {
  
      private static final Supplier<RandomUtils> SECURE_SUPPLIER = RandomUtils::secure;
  
      private static RandomStringUtils INSECURE = new RandomStringUtils(RandomUtils::insecure);
  
      private static RandomStringUtils SECURE = new RandomStringUtils(SECURE_SUPPLIER);
  
      private static RandomStringUtils SECURE_STRONG = new RandomStringUtils(RandomUtils::secureStrong);
  
      private static final char[] ALPHANUMERICAL_CHARS = { 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l',
              'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G',
              'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z', '0', '1',
              '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9' };
  
      private static final int ASCII_0 = '0';
      private static final int ASCII_9 = '9';
      private static final int ASCII_A = 'A';
      private static final int ASCII_z = 'z';
 
     private static final int CACHE_PADDING_BITS = 3;
     private static final int BITS_TO_BYTES_DIVISOR = 5;
     private static final int BASE_CACHE_SIZE_PADDING = 10;
 
     /**
      * Gets the singleton instance based on {@link ThreadLocalRandom#current()}; <b>which is not cryptographically
      * secure</b>; use {@link #secure()} to use an algorithms/providers specified in the
      * {@code securerandom.strongAlgorithms} {@link Security} property.
      * <p>
      * The method {@link ThreadLocalRandom#current()} is called on-demand.
      * </p>
      *
      * @return the singleton instance based on {@link ThreadLocalRandom#current()}.
      * @see ThreadLocalRandom#current()
      * @see #secure()
      * @since 3.16.0
      */
     public static RandomStringUtils insecure() {
         return INSECURE;
     }
 
     /**
      * Creates a random string whose length is the number of characters specified.
      *
      * <p>
      * Characters will be chosen from the set of all characters.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param count the length of random string to create.
      * @return the random string.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code count} &lt; 0.
      * @deprecated Use {@link #next(int)} from {@link #secure()}, {@link #secureStrong()}, or {@link #insecure()}.
      */
     @Deprecated
     public static String random(final int count) {
         return secure().next(count);
     }
 
     /**
      * Creates a random string whose length is the number of characters specified.
      *
      * <p>
      * Characters will be chosen from the set of alpha-numeric characters as indicated by the arguments.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param count   the length of random string to create.
      * @param letters if {@code true}, generated string may include alphabetic characters.
      * @param numbers if {@code true}, generated string may include numeric characters.
      * @return the random string.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code count} &lt; 0.
      * @deprecated Use {@link #next(int, boolean, boolean)} from {@link #secure()}, {@link #secureStrong()}, or {@link #insecure()}.
      */
     @Deprecated
     public static String random(final int count, final boolean letters, final boolean numbers) {
         return secure().next(count, letters, numbers);
     }
 
     /**
      * Creates a random string whose length is the number of characters specified.
      *
      * <p>
      * Characters will be chosen from the set of characters specified.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param count the length of random string to create.
      * @param chars the character array containing the set of characters to use, may be null.
      * @return the random string.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code count} &lt; 0.
      * @deprecated Use {@link #next(int, char...)} from {@link #secure()}, {@link #secureStrong()}, or {@link #insecure()}.
      */
     @Deprecated
     public static String random(final int count, final char... chars) {
         return secure().next(count, chars);
     }
 
     /**
      * Creates a random string whose length is the number of characters specified.
      *
      * <p>
      * Characters will be chosen from the set of alpha-numeric characters as indicated by the arguments.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param count   the length of random string to create.
      * @param start   the position in set of chars to start at.
      * @param end     the position in set of chars to end before.
      * @param letters if {@code true}, generated string may include alphabetic characters.
      * @param numbers if {@code true}, generated string may include numeric characters.
      * @return the random string.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code count} &lt; 0.
      * @deprecated Use {@link #next(int, int, int, boolean, boolean)} from {@link #secure()}, {@link #secureStrong()}, or {@link #insecure()}.
      */
     @Deprecated
     public static String random(final int count, final int start, final int end, final boolean letters,
             final boolean numbers) {
         return secure().next(count, start, end, letters, numbers);
     }
 
     /**
      * Creates a random string based on a variety of options, using default source of randomness.
      *
      * <p>
      * This method has exactly the same semantics as {@link #random(int,int,int,boolean,boolean,char[],Random)}, but
      * instead of using an externally supplied source of randomness, it uses the internal static {@link Random}
      * instance.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param count   the length of random string to create.
      * @param start   the position in set of chars to start at.
      * @param end     the position in set of chars to end before.
      * @param letters if {@code true}, generated string may include alphabetic characters.
      * @param numbers if {@code true}, generated string may include numeric characters.
      * @param chars   the set of chars to choose randoms from. If {@code null}, then it will use the set of all chars.
      * @return the random string.
      * @throws ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException if there are not {@code (end - start) + 1} characters in the set array.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException       if {@code count} &lt; 0.
      * @deprecated Use {@link #next(int, int, int, boolean, boolean, char...)} from {@link #secure()}, {@link #secureStrong()}, or {@link #insecure()}.
      */
     @Deprecated
     public static String random(final int count, final int start, final int end, final boolean letters,
             final boolean numbers, final char... chars) {
         return secure().next(count, start, end, letters, numbers, chars);
     }
 
     /**
      * Creates a random string based on a variety of options, using supplied source of randomness.
      *
      * <p>
      * If start and end are both {@code 0}, start and end are set to {@code ' '} and {@code 'z'}, the ASCII printable
      * characters, will be used, unless letters and numbers are both {@code false}, in which case, start and end are set
      * to {@code 0} and {@link Character#MAX_CODE_POINT}.
      *
      * <p>
      * If set is not {@code null}, characters between start and end are chosen.
      * </p>
      *
      * <p>
      * This method accepts a user-supplied {@link Random} instance to use as a source of randomness. By seeding a single
      * {@link Random} instance with a fixed seed and using it for each call, the same random sequence of strings can be
      * generated repeatedly and predictably.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param count   the length of random string to create.
      * @param start   the position in set of chars to start at (inclusive).
      * @param end     the position in set of chars to end before (exclusive).
      * @param letters if {@code true}, generated string may include alphabetic characters.
      * @param numbers if {@code true}, generated string may include numeric characters.
      * @param chars   the set of chars to choose randoms from, must not be empty. If {@code null}, then it will use the
      *                set of all chars.
      * @param random  a source of randomness.
      * @return the random string.
      * @throws ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException if there are not {@code (end - start) + 1} characters in the set array.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException       if {@code count} &lt; 0 or the provided chars array is empty.
      * @since 2.0
      */
     public static String random(int count, int start, int end, final boolean letters, final boolean numbers,
             final char[] chars, final Random random) {
         if (count == 0) {
             return StringUtils.EMPTY;
         }
         if (count < 0) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Requested random string length " + count + " is less than 0.");
         }
         if (chars != null && chars.length == 0) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("The chars array must not be empty");
         }
 
         if (start == 0 && end == 0) {
             if (chars != null) {
                 end = chars.length;
             } else if (!letters && !numbers) {
                 end = Character.MAX_CODE_POINT;
             } else {
                 end = 'z' + 1;
                 start = ' ';
             }
         } else if (end <= start) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                     "Parameter end (" + end + ") must be greater than start (" + start + ")");
         } else if (start < 0 || end < 0) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Character positions MUST be >= 0");
         }
 
         if (end > Character.MAX_CODE_POINT) {
             // Technically, it should be `Character.MAX_CODE_POINT+1` as `end` is excluded
             // But the character `Character.MAX_CODE_POINT` is private use, so it would anyway be excluded
             end = Character.MAX_CODE_POINT;
         }
 
         // Optimizations and tests when chars == null and using ASCII characters (end <= 0x7f)
         if (chars == null && end <= 0x7f) {
             // Optimize generation of full alphanumerical characters
             // Normally, we would need to pick a 7-bit integer, since gap = 'z' - '0' + 1 = 75 > 64
             // In turn, this would make us reject the sampling with probability 1 - 62 / 2^7 > 1 / 2
             // Instead we can pick directly from the right set of 62 characters, which requires
             // picking a 6-bit integer and only rejecting with probability 2 / 64 = 1 / 32
             if (letters && numbers && start <= ASCII_0 && end >= ASCII_z + 1) {
                 return random(count, 0, 0, false, false, ALPHANUMERICAL_CHARS, random);
             }
 
             if (numbers && end <= ASCII_0 || letters && end <= ASCII_A) {
                 throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                         "Parameter end (" + end + ") must be greater then (" + ASCII_0 + ") for generating digits "
                                 + "or greater then (" + ASCII_A + ") for generating letters.");
             }
 
             // Optimize start and end when filtering by letters and/or numbers:
             // The range provided may be too large since we filter anyway afterward.
             // Note the use of Math.min/max (as opposed to setting start to '0' for example),
             // since it is possible the range start/end excludes some of the letters/numbers,
             // e.g., it is possible that start already is '1' when numbers = true, and start
             // needs to stay equal to '1' in that case.
             // Note that because of the above test, we will always have start < end
             // even after this optimization.
             if (letters && numbers) {
                 start = Math.max(ASCII_0, start);
                 end = Math.min(ASCII_z + 1, end);
             } else if (numbers) {
                 // just numbers, no letters
                 start = Math.max(ASCII_0, start);
                 end = Math.min(ASCII_9 + 1, end);
             } else if (letters) {
                 // just letters, no numbers
                 start = Math.max(ASCII_A, start);
                 end = Math.min(ASCII_z + 1, end);
             }
         }
 
         final StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(count);
         final int gap = end - start;
         final int gapBits = Integer.SIZE - Integer.numberOfLeadingZeros(gap);
         // The size of the cache we use is an heuristic:
         // about twice the number of bytes required if no rejection
         // Ideally the cache size depends on multiple factor, including the cost of generating x bytes
         // of randomness as well as the probability of rejection. It is however not easy to know
         // those values programmatically for the general case.
         // Calculate cache size:
         // 1. Multiply count by bits needed per character (gapBits)
         // 2. Add padding bits (3) to handle partial bytes
         // 3. Divide by 5 to convert to bytes (normally this would be by 8, dividing by 5 allows for about 60% extra space)
         // 4. Add base padding (10) to handle small counts efficiently
         // 5. Ensure we don't exceed Integer.MAX_VALUE / 5 + 10 to provide a good balance between overflow prevention and
         //    making the cache extremely large
         final long desiredCacheSize = ((long) count * gapBits + CACHE_PADDING_BITS) / BITS_TO_BYTES_DIVISOR + BASE_CACHE_SIZE_PADDING;
         final int cacheSize = (int) Math.min(desiredCacheSize, Integer.MAX_VALUE / BITS_TO_BYTES_DIVISOR + BASE_CACHE_SIZE_PADDING);
         final CachedRandomBits arb = new CachedRandomBits(cacheSize, random);
 
         while (count-- != 0) {
             // Generate a random value between start (included) and end (excluded)
             final int randomValue = arb.nextBits(gapBits) + start;
             // Rejection sampling if value too large
             if (randomValue >= end) {
                 count++;
                 continue;
             }
 
             final int codePoint;
             if (chars == null) {
                 codePoint = randomValue;
 
                 switch (Character.getType(codePoint)) {
                 case Character.UNASSIGNED:
                 case Character.PRIVATE_USE:
                 case Character.SURROGATE:
                     count++;
                     continue;
                 }
 
             } else {
                 codePoint = chars[randomValue];
             }
 
             final int numberOfChars = Character.charCount(codePoint);
             if (count == 0 && numberOfChars > 1) {
                 count++;
                 continue;
             }
 
             if (letters && Character.isLetter(codePoint) || numbers && Character.isDigit(codePoint)
                     || !letters && !numbers) {
                 builder.appendCodePoint(codePoint);
 
                 if (numberOfChars == 2) {
                     count--;
                 }
 
             } else {
                 count++;
             }
         }
         return builder.toString();
     }
 
     /**
      * Creates a random string whose length is the number of characters specified.
      *
      * <p>
      * Characters will be chosen from the set of characters specified by the string, must not be empty. If null, the set
      * of all characters is used.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param count the length of random string to create.
      * @param chars the String containing the set of characters to use, may be null, but must not be empty.
      * @return the random string.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code count} &lt; 0 or the string is empty.
      * @deprecated Use {@link #next(int, String)} from {@link #secure()}, {@link #secureStrong()}, or {@link #insecure()}.
      */
     @Deprecated
     public static String random(final int count, final String chars) {
         return secure().next(count, chars);
     }
 
     /**
      * Creates a random string whose length is the number of characters specified.
      *
      * <p>
      * Characters will be chosen from the set of Latin alphabetic characters (a-z, A-Z).
      * </p>
      *
      * @param count the length of random string to create.
      * @return the random string.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code count} &lt; 0.
      * @deprecated Use {@link #nextAlphabetic(int)} from {@link #secure()}, {@link #secureStrong()}, or {@link #insecure()}.
      */
     @Deprecated
     public static String randomAlphabetic(final int count) {
         return secure().nextAlphabetic(count);
     }
 
     /**
      * Creates a random string whose length is between the inclusive minimum and the exclusive maximum.
      *
      * <p>
      * Characters will be chosen from the set of Latin alphabetic characters (a-z, A-Z).
      * </p>
      *
      * @param minLengthInclusive the inclusive minimum length of the string to generate.
      * @param maxLengthExclusive the exclusive maximum length of the string to generate.
      * @return the random string.
      * @since 3.5
      * @deprecated Use {@link #nextAlphabetic(int, int)} from {@link #secure()}, {@link #secureStrong()}, or {@link #insecure()}.
      */
     @Deprecated
     public static String randomAlphabetic(final int minLengthInclusive, final int maxLengthExclusive) {
         return secure().nextAlphabetic(minLengthInclusive, maxLengthExclusive);
     }
 
     /**
      * Creates a random string whose length is the number of characters specified.
      *
      * <p>
      * Characters will be chosen from the set of Latin alphabetic characters (a-z, A-Z) and the digits 0-9.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param count the length of random string to create.
      * @return the random string.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code count} &lt; 0.
      * @deprecated Use {@link #nextAlphanumeric(int)} from {@link #secure()}, {@link #secureStrong()}, or {@link #insecure()}.
      */
     @Deprecated
     public static String randomAlphanumeric(final int count) {
         return secure().nextAlphanumeric(count);
     }
 
     /**
      * Creates a random string whose length is between the inclusive minimum and the exclusive maximum.
      *
      * <p>
      * Characters will be chosen from the set of Latin alphabetic characters (a-z, A-Z) and the digits 0-9.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param minLengthInclusive the inclusive minimum length of the string to generate.
      * @param maxLengthExclusive the exclusive maximum length of the string to generate.
      * @return the random string.
      * @since 3.5
      * @deprecated Use {@link #nextAlphanumeric(int, int)} from {@link #secure()}, {@link #secureStrong()}, or {@link #insecure()}.
      */
     @Deprecated
     public static String randomAlphanumeric(final int minLengthInclusive, final int maxLengthExclusive) {
         return secure().nextAlphanumeric(minLengthInclusive, maxLengthExclusive);
     }
 
     /**
      * Creates a random string whose length is the number of characters specified.
      *
      * <p>
      * Characters will be chosen from the set of characters whose ASCII value is between {@code 32} and {@code 126}
      * (inclusive).
      * </p>
      *
      * @param count the length of random string to create.
      * @return the random string.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code count} &lt; 0.
      * @deprecated Use {@link #nextAscii(int)} from {@link #secure()}, {@link #secureStrong()}, or {@link #insecure()}.
      */
     @Deprecated
     public static String randomAscii(final int count) {
         return secure().nextAscii(count);
     }
 
     /**
      * Creates a random string whose length is between the inclusive minimum and the exclusive maximum.
      *
      * <p>
      * Characters will be chosen from the set of characters whose ASCII value is between {@code 32} and {@code 126}
      * (inclusive).
      * </p>
      *
      * @param minLengthInclusive the inclusive minimum length of the string to generate.
      * @param maxLengthExclusive the exclusive maximum length of the string to generate.
      * @return the random string.
      * @since 3.5
      * @deprecated Use {@link #nextAscii(int, int)} from {@link #secure()}, {@link #secureStrong()}, or {@link #insecure()}.
      */
     @Deprecated
     public static String randomAscii(final int minLengthInclusive, final int maxLengthExclusive) {
         return secure().nextAscii(minLengthInclusive, maxLengthExclusive);
     }
 
     /**
      * Creates a random string whose length is the number of characters specified.
      *
      * <p>
      * Characters will be chosen from the set of characters which match the POSIX [:graph:] regular expression character
      * class. This class contains all visible ASCII characters (i.e. anything except spaces and control characters).
      * </p>
      *
      * @param count the length of random string to create.
      * @return the random string.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code count} &lt; 0.
      * @since 3.5
      * @deprecated Use {@link #nextGraph(int)} from {@link #secure()}, {@link #secureStrong()}, or {@link #insecure()}.
      */
     @Deprecated
     public static String randomGraph(final int count) {
         return secure().nextGraph(count);
     }
 
     /**
      * Creates a random string whose length is between the inclusive minimum and the exclusive maximum.
      *
      * <p>
      * Characters will be chosen from the set of \p{Graph} characters.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param minLengthInclusive the inclusive minimum length of the string to generate.
      * @param maxLengthExclusive the exclusive maximum length of the string to generate.
      * @return the random string.
      * @since 3.5
      * @deprecated Use {@link #nextGraph(int, int)} from {@link #secure()}, {@link #secureStrong()}, or {@link #insecure()}.
      */
     @Deprecated
     public static String randomGraph(final int minLengthInclusive, final int maxLengthExclusive) {
         return secure().nextGraph(minLengthInclusive, maxLengthExclusive);
     }
 
     /**
      * Creates a random string whose length is the number of characters specified.
      *
      * <p>
      * Characters will be chosen from the set of numeric characters.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param count the length of random string to create.
      * @return the random string.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code count} &lt; 0.
      * @deprecated Use {@link #nextNumeric(int)} from {@link #secure()}, {@link #secureStrong()}, or {@link #insecure()}.
      */
     @Deprecated
     public static String randomNumeric(final int count) {
         return secure().nextNumeric(count);
     }
 
     /**
      * Creates a random string whose length is between the inclusive minimum and the exclusive maximum.
      *
      * <p>
      * Characters will be chosen from the set of \p{Digit} characters.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param minLengthInclusive the inclusive minimum length of the string to generate.
      * @param maxLengthExclusive the exclusive maximum length of the string to generate.
      * @return the random string.
      * @since 3.5
      * @deprecated Use {@link #nextNumeric(int, int)} from {@link #secure()}, {@link #secureStrong()}, or {@link #insecure()}.
      */
     @Deprecated
     public static String randomNumeric(final int minLengthInclusive, final int maxLengthExclusive) {
         return secure().nextNumeric(minLengthInclusive, maxLengthExclusive);
     }
 
     /**
      * Creates a random string whose length is the number of characters specified.
      *
      * <p>
      * Characters will be chosen from the set of characters which match the POSIX [:print:] regular expression character
      * class. This class includes all visible ASCII characters and spaces (i.e. anything except control characters).
      * </p>
      *
      * @param count the length of random string to create.
      * @return the random string.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code count} &lt; 0.
      * @since 3.5
      * @deprecated Use {@link #randomPrint(int)} from {@link #secure()}, {@link #secureStrong()}, or {@link #insecure()}.
      */
     @Deprecated
     public static String randomPrint(final int count) {
         return secure().nextPrint(count);
     }
 
     /**
      * Creates a random string whose length is between the inclusive minimum and the exclusive maximum.
      *
      * <p>
      * Characters will be chosen from the set of \p{Print} characters.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param minLengthInclusive the inclusive minimum length of the string to generate.
      * @param maxLengthExclusive the exclusive maximum length of the string to generate.
      * @return the random string.
      * @since 3.5
      * @deprecated Use {@link #randomPrint(int, int)} from {@link #secure()}, {@link #secureStrong()}, or {@link #insecure()}.
      */
     @Deprecated
     public static String randomPrint(final int minLengthInclusive, final int maxLengthExclusive) {
         return secure().nextPrint(minLengthInclusive, maxLengthExclusive);
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the singleton instance based on {@link SecureRandom#SecureRandom()} which uses a secure random number generator (RNG) implementing the default
      * random number algorithm.
      * <p>
      * The method {@link SecureRandom#SecureRandom()} is called on-demand.
      * </p>
      *
      * @return the singleton instance based on {@link SecureRandom#SecureRandom()}.
      * @see SecureRandom#SecureRandom()
      * @since 3.16.0
      */
     public static RandomStringUtils secure() {
         return SECURE;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the singleton instance based on {@link SecureRandom#getInstanceStrong()} which uses an algorithms/providers
      * specified in the {@code securerandom.strongAlgorithms} {@link Security} property.
      * <p>
      * The method {@link SecureRandom#getInstanceStrong()} is called on-demand.
      * </p>
      *
      * @return the singleton instance based on {@link SecureRandom#getInstanceStrong()}.
      * @see SecureRandom#getInstanceStrong()
      * @since 3.17.0
      */
     public static RandomStringUtils secureStrong() {
         return SECURE_STRONG;
     }
 
     private final Supplier<RandomUtils> random;
 
     /**
      * {@link RandomStringUtils} instances should NOT be constructed in standard programming. Instead, the class should
      * be used as {@code RandomStringUtils.random(5);}.
      *
      * <p>
      * This constructor is public to permit tools that require a JavaBean instance to operate.
      * </p>
      *
      * @deprecated TODO Make private in 4.0.
      */
     @Deprecated
     public RandomStringUtils() {
         this(SECURE_SUPPLIER);
     }
 
     private RandomStringUtils(final Supplier<RandomUtils> random) {
         this.random = random;
     }
 
     /**
      * Creates a random string whose length is the number of characters specified.
      *
      * <p>
      * Characters will be chosen from the set of all characters.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param count the length of random string to create.
      * @return the random string.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code count} &lt; 0.
      * @since 3.16.0
      */
     public String next(final int count) {
         return next(count, false, false);
     }
 
     /**
      * Creates a random string whose length is the number of characters specified.
      *
      * <p>
      * Characters will be chosen from the set of alpha-numeric characters as indicated by the arguments.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param count   the length of random string to create.
      * @param letters if {@code true}, generated string may include alphabetic characters.
      * @param numbers if {@code true}, generated string may include numeric characters.
      * @return the random string.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code count} &lt; 0.
      * @since 3.16.0
      */
     public String next(final int count, final boolean letters, final boolean numbers) {
         return next(count, 0, 0, letters, numbers);
     }
 
     /**
      * Creates a random string whose length is the number of characters specified.
      *
      * <p>
      * Characters will be chosen from the set of characters specified.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param count the length of random string to create.
      * @param chars the character array containing the set of characters to use, may be null.
      * @return the random string.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code count} &lt; 0.
      * @since 3.16.0
      */
     public String next(final int count, final char... chars) {
         if (chars == null) {
             return random(count, 0, 0, false, false, null, random());
         }
         return random(count, 0, chars.length, false, false, chars, random());
     }
 
     /**
      * Creates a random string whose length is the number of characters specified.
      *
      * <p>
      * Characters will be chosen from the set of alpha-numeric characters as indicated by the arguments.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param count   the length of random string to create.
      * @param start   the position in set of chars to start at.
      * @param end     the position in set of chars to end before.
      * @param letters if {@code true}, generated string may include alphabetic characters.
      * @param numbers if {@code true}, generated string may include numeric characters.
      * @return the random string.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code count} &lt; 0.
      * @since 3.16.0
      */
     public String next(final int count, final int start, final int end, final boolean letters, final boolean numbers) {
         return random(count, start, end, letters, numbers, null, random());
     }
 
     /**
      * Creates a random string based on a variety of options, using default source of randomness.
      *
      * <p>
      * This method has exactly the same semantics as {@link #random(int,int,int,boolean,boolean,char[],Random)}, but
      * instead of using an externally supplied source of randomness, it uses the internal static {@link Random}
      * instance.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param count   the length of random string to create.
      * @param start   the position in set of chars to start at.
      * @param end     the position in set of chars to end before.
      * @param letters if {@code true}, generated string may include alphabetic characters.
      * @param numbers if {@code true}, generated string may include numeric characters.
      * @param chars   the set of chars to choose randoms from. If {@code null}, then it will use the set of all chars.
      * @return the random string.
      * @throws ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException if there are not {@code (end - start) + 1} characters in the set array.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException       if {@code count} &lt; 0.
      */
     public String next(final int count, final int start, final int end, final boolean letters, final boolean numbers,
             final char... chars) {
         return random(count, start, end, letters, numbers, chars, random());
     }
 
     /**
      * Creates a random string whose length is the number of characters specified.
      *
      * <p>
      * Characters will be chosen from the set of characters specified by the string, must not be empty. If null, the set
      * of all characters is used.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param count the length of random string to create.
      * @param chars the String containing the set of characters to use, may be null, but must not be empty.
      * @return the random string.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code count} &lt; 0 or the string is empty.
      * @since 3.16.0
      */
     public String next(final int count, final String chars) {
         if (chars == null) {
             return random(count, 0, 0, false, false, null, random());
         }
         return next(count, chars.toCharArray());
     }
 
     /**
      * Creates a random string whose length is the number of characters specified.
      *
      * <p>
      * Characters will be chosen from the set of Latin alphabetic characters (a-z, A-Z).
      * </p>
      *
      * @param count the length of random string to create.
      * @return the random string.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code count} &lt; 0.
      */
     public String nextAlphabetic(final int count) {
         return next(count, true, false);
     }
 
     /**
      * Creates a random string whose length is between the inclusive minimum and the exclusive maximum.
      *
      * <p>
      * Characters will be chosen from the set of Latin alphabetic characters (a-z, A-Z).
      * </p>
      *
      * @param minLengthInclusive the inclusive minimum length of the string to generate.
      * @param maxLengthExclusive the exclusive maximum length of the string to generate.
      * @return the random string.
      * @since 3.5
      */
     public String nextAlphabetic(final int minLengthInclusive, final int maxLengthExclusive) {
         return nextAlphabetic(randomUtils().randomInt(minLengthInclusive, maxLengthExclusive));
     }
 
     /**
      * Creates a random string whose length is the number of characters specified.
      *
      * <p>
      * Characters will be chosen from the set of Latin alphabetic characters (a-z, A-Z) and the digits 0-9.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param count the length of random string to create.
      * @return the random string.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code count} &lt; 0.
      */
     public String nextAlphanumeric(final int count) {
         return next(count, true, true);
     }
 
     /**
      * Creates a random string whose length is between the inclusive minimum and the exclusive maximum.
      *
      * <p>
      * Characters will be chosen from the set of Latin alphabetic characters (a-z, A-Z) and the digits 0-9.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param minLengthInclusive the inclusive minimum length of the string to generate.
      * @param maxLengthExclusive the exclusive maximum length of the string to generate.
      * @return the random string.
      * @since 3.5
      */
     public String nextAlphanumeric(final int minLengthInclusive, final int maxLengthExclusive) {
         return nextAlphanumeric(randomUtils().randomInt(minLengthInclusive, maxLengthExclusive));
     }
 
     /**
      * Creates a random string whose length is the number of characters specified.
      *
      * <p>
      * Characters will be chosen from the set of characters whose ASCII value is between {@code 32} and {@code 126}
      * (inclusive).
      * </p>
      *
      * @param count the length of random string to create.
      * @return the random string.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code count} &lt; 0.
      */
     public String nextAscii(final int count) {
         return next(count, 32, 127, false, false);
     }
 
     /**
      * Creates a random string whose length is between the inclusive minimum and the exclusive maximum.
      *
      * <p>
      * Characters will be chosen from the set of characters whose ASCII value is between {@code 32} and {@code 126}
      * (inclusive).
      * </p>
      *
      * @param minLengthInclusive the inclusive minimum length of the string to generate.
      * @param maxLengthExclusive the exclusive maximum length of the string to generate.
      * @return the random string.
      * @since 3.5
      */
     public String nextAscii(final int minLengthInclusive, final int maxLengthExclusive) {
         return nextAscii(randomUtils().randomInt(minLengthInclusive, maxLengthExclusive));
     }
 
     /**
      * Creates a random string whose length is the number of characters specified.
      *
      * <p>
      * Characters will be chosen from the set of characters which match the POSIX [:graph:] regular expression character
      * class. This class contains all visible ASCII characters (i.e. anything except spaces and control characters).
      * </p>
      *
      * @param count the length of random string to create.
      * @return the random string.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code count} &lt; 0.
      * @since 3.5
      */
     public String nextGraph(final int count) {
         return next(count, 33, 126, false, false);
     }
 
     /**
      * Creates a random string whose length is between the inclusive minimum and the exclusive maximum.
      *
      * <p>
      * Characters will be chosen from the set of \p{Graph} characters.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param minLengthInclusive the inclusive minimum length of the string to generate.
      * @param maxLengthExclusive the exclusive maximum length of the string to generate.
      * @return the random string.
      * @since 3.5
      */
     public String nextGraph(final int minLengthInclusive, final int maxLengthExclusive) {
         return nextGraph(randomUtils().randomInt(minLengthInclusive, maxLengthExclusive));
     }
 
     /**
      * Creates a random string whose length is the number of characters specified.
      *
      * <p>
      * Characters will be chosen from the set of numeric characters.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param count the length of random string to create.
      * @return the random string.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code count} &lt; 0.
      */
     public String nextNumeric(final int count) {
         return next(count, false, true);
     }
 
     /**
      * Creates a random string whose length is between the inclusive minimum and the exclusive maximum.
      *
      * <p>
      * Characters will be chosen from the set of \p{Digit} characters.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param minLengthInclusive the inclusive minimum length of the string to generate.
      * @param maxLengthExclusive the exclusive maximum length of the string to generate.
      * @return the random string.
      * @since 3.5
      */
     public String nextNumeric(final int minLengthInclusive, final int maxLengthExclusive) {
         return nextNumeric(randomUtils().randomInt(minLengthInclusive, maxLengthExclusive));
     }
 
     /**
      * Creates a random string whose length is the number of characters specified.
      *
      * <p>
      * Characters will be chosen from the set of characters which match the POSIX [:print:] regular expression character
      * class. This class includes all visible ASCII characters and spaces (i.e. anything except control characters).
      * </p>
      *
      * @param count the length of random string to create.
      * @return the random string.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code count} &lt; 0.
      * @since 3.5
      * @since 3.16.0
      */
     public String nextPrint(final int count) {
         return next(count, 32, 126, false, false);
     }
 
     /**
      * Creates a random string whose length is between the inclusive minimum and the exclusive maximum.
      *
      * <p>
      * Characters will be chosen from the set of \p{Print} characters.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param minLengthInclusive the inclusive minimum length of the string to generate.
      * @param maxLengthExclusive the exclusive maximum length of the string to generate.
      * @return the random string.
      * @since 3.16.0
      */
     public String nextPrint(final int minLengthInclusive, final int maxLengthExclusive) {
         return nextPrint(randomUtils().randomInt(minLengthInclusive, maxLengthExclusive));
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the Random.
      *
      * @return the Random.
      */
     private Random random() {
         return randomUtils().random();
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the RandomUtils.
      *
      * @return the RandomUtils.
      */
     private RandomUtils randomUtils() {
         return random.get();
     }
 
     @Override
     public String toString() {
         return "RandomStringUtils [random=" + random() + "]";
     }
 
 }