/*
    * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
    * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
    * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
    * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
    * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
    * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
    *
    *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
   *
   * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
   * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
   * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
   * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
   * limitations under the License.
   */
  package org.apache.commons.io;
  
  import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
  import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
  import java.io.File;
  import java.io.FileFilter;
  import java.io.FileInputStream;
  import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
  import java.io.FileOutputStream;
  import java.io.FilenameFilter;
  import java.io.IOException;
  import java.io.InputStream;
  import java.io.InputStreamReader;
  import java.io.OutputStream;
  import java.io.Reader;
  import java.io.UncheckedIOException;
  import java.math.BigInteger;
  import java.net.URL;
  import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
  import java.nio.charset.Charset;
  import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
  import java.nio.charset.UnsupportedCharsetException;
  import java.nio.file.CopyOption;
  import java.nio.file.DirectoryStream;
  import java.nio.file.FileVisitOption;
  import java.nio.file.FileVisitResult;
  import java.nio.file.Files;
  import java.nio.file.LinkOption;
  import java.nio.file.NoSuchFileException;
  import java.nio.file.NotDirectoryException;
  import java.nio.file.Path;
  import java.nio.file.StandardCopyOption;
  import java.nio.file.attribute.BasicFileAttributeView;
  import java.nio.file.attribute.BasicFileAttributes;
  import java.nio.file.attribute.FileTime;
  import java.time.Duration;
  import java.time.Instant;
  import java.time.LocalTime;
  import java.time.OffsetDateTime;
  import java.time.OffsetTime;
  import java.time.ZoneId;
  import java.time.chrono.ChronoLocalDate;
  import java.time.chrono.ChronoLocalDateTime;
  import java.time.chrono.ChronoZonedDateTime;
  import java.util.ArrayList;
  import java.util.Arrays;
  import java.util.Collection;
  import java.util.Collections;
  import java.util.Date;
  import java.util.HashSet;
  import java.util.Iterator;
  import java.util.List;
  import java.util.Objects;
  import java.util.Set;
  import java.util.stream.Collectors;
  import java.util.stream.Stream;
  import java.util.zip.CRC32;
  import java.util.zip.CheckedInputStream;
  import java.util.zip.Checksum;
  
  import org.apache.commons.io.file.AccumulatorPathVisitor;
  import org.apache.commons.io.file.Counters;
  import org.apache.commons.io.file.PathFilter;
  import org.apache.commons.io.file.PathUtils;
  import org.apache.commons.io.file.StandardDeleteOption;
  import org.apache.commons.io.filefilter.FileEqualsFileFilter;
  import org.apache.commons.io.filefilter.FileFileFilter;
  import org.apache.commons.io.filefilter.IOFileFilter;
  import org.apache.commons.io.filefilter.SuffixFileFilter;
  import org.apache.commons.io.filefilter.TrueFileFilter;
  import org.apache.commons.io.function.IOConsumer;
  import org.apache.commons.io.function.Uncheck;
  
  /**
   * General file manipulation utilities.
   * <p>
   * Facilities are provided in the following areas:
   * </p>
   * <ul>
   * <li>writing to a file
   * <li>reading from a file
   * <li>make a directory including parent directories
   * <li>copying files and directories
  * <li>deleting files and directories
  * <li>converting to and from a URL
  * <li>listing files and directories by filter and extension
  * <li>comparing file content
  * <li>file last changed date
  * <li>calculating a checksum
  * </ul>
  * <p>
  * Note that a specific charset should be specified whenever possible. Relying on the platform default means that the
  * code is Locale-dependent. Only use the default if the files are known to always use the platform default.
  * </p>
  * <p>
  * {@link SecurityException} are not documented in the Javadoc.
  * </p>
  * <p>
  * Provenance: Excalibur, Alexandria, Commons-Utils
  * </p>
  */
 public class FileUtils {
 
     private static final String PROTOCOL_FILE = "file";
 
     /**
      * The number of bytes in a kilobyte.
      */
     public static final long ONE_KB = 1024;
 
     /**
      * The number of bytes in a kilobyte.
      *
      * @since 2.4
      */
     public static final BigInteger ONE_KB_BI = BigInteger.valueOf(ONE_KB);
 
     /**
      * The number of bytes in a megabyte.
      */
     public static final long ONE_MB = ONE_KB * ONE_KB;
 
     /**
      * The number of bytes in a megabyte.
      *
      * @since 2.4
      */
     public static final BigInteger ONE_MB_BI = ONE_KB_BI.multiply(ONE_KB_BI);
 
     /**
      * The number of bytes in a gigabyte.
      */
     public static final long ONE_GB = ONE_KB * ONE_MB;
 
     /**
      * The number of bytes in a gigabyte.
      *
      * @since 2.4
      */
     public static final BigInteger ONE_GB_BI = ONE_KB_BI.multiply(ONE_MB_BI);
 
     /**
      * The number of bytes in a terabyte.
      */
     public static final long ONE_TB = ONE_KB * ONE_GB;
 
     /**
      * The number of bytes in a terabyte.
      *
      * @since 2.4
      */
     public static final BigInteger ONE_TB_BI = ONE_KB_BI.multiply(ONE_GB_BI);
 
     /**
      * The number of bytes in a petabyte.
      */
     public static final long ONE_PB = ONE_KB * ONE_TB;
 
     /**
      * The number of bytes in a petabyte.
      *
      * @since 2.4
      */
     public static final BigInteger ONE_PB_BI = ONE_KB_BI.multiply(ONE_TB_BI);
 
     /**
      * The number of bytes in an exabyte.
      */
     public static final long ONE_EB = ONE_KB * ONE_PB;
 
     /**
      * The number of bytes in an exabyte.
      *
      * @since 2.4
      */
     public static final BigInteger ONE_EB_BI = ONE_KB_BI.multiply(ONE_PB_BI);
 
     /**
      * The number of bytes in a zettabyte.
      */
     public static final BigInteger ONE_ZB = BigInteger.valueOf(ONE_KB).multiply(BigInteger.valueOf(ONE_EB));
 
     /**
      * The number of bytes in a yottabyte.
      */
     public static final BigInteger ONE_YB = ONE_KB_BI.multiply(ONE_ZB);
 
     /**
      * An empty array of type {@link File}.
      */
     public static final File[] EMPTY_FILE_ARRAY = {};
 
     /**
      * Returns a human-readable version of the file size, where the input represents a specific number of bytes.
      * <p>
      * If the size is over 1GB, the size is returned as the number of whole GB, the size is rounded down to the
      * nearest GB boundary.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * Similarly for the 1MB and 1KB boundaries.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param size the number of bytes
      * @return a human-readable display value (includes units - EB, PB, TB, GB, MB, KB or bytes)
      * @throws NullPointerException if the given {@link BigInteger} is {@code null}.
      * @see <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/IO-226">IO-226 - should the rounding be changed?</a>
      * @since 2.4
      */
     // See https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/IO-226 - should the rounding be changed?
     public static String byteCountToDisplaySize(final BigInteger size) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(size, "size");
         final String displaySize;
 
         if (size.divide(ONE_EB_BI).compareTo(BigInteger.ZERO) > 0) {
             displaySize = size.divide(ONE_EB_BI) + " EB";
         } else if (size.divide(ONE_PB_BI).compareTo(BigInteger.ZERO) > 0) {
             displaySize = size.divide(ONE_PB_BI) + " PB";
         } else if (size.divide(ONE_TB_BI).compareTo(BigInteger.ZERO) > 0) {
             displaySize = size.divide(ONE_TB_BI) + " TB";
         } else if (size.divide(ONE_GB_BI).compareTo(BigInteger.ZERO) > 0) {
             displaySize = size.divide(ONE_GB_BI) + " GB";
         } else if (size.divide(ONE_MB_BI).compareTo(BigInteger.ZERO) > 0) {
             displaySize = size.divide(ONE_MB_BI) + " MB";
         } else if (size.divide(ONE_KB_BI).compareTo(BigInteger.ZERO) > 0) {
             displaySize = size.divide(ONE_KB_BI) + " KB";
         } else {
             displaySize = size + " bytes";
         }
         return displaySize;
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns a human-readable version of the file size, where the input represents a specific number of bytes.
      * <p>
      * If the size is over 1GB, the size is returned as the number of whole GB, the size is rounded down to the
      * nearest GB boundary.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * Similarly for the 1MB and 1KB boundaries.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param size the number of bytes
      * @return a human-readable display value (includes units - EB, PB, TB, GB, MB, KB or bytes)
      * @see <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/IO-226">IO-226 - should the rounding be changed?</a>
      */
     // See https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/IO-226 - should the rounding be changed?
     public static String byteCountToDisplaySize(final long size) {
         return byteCountToDisplaySize(BigInteger.valueOf(size));
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns a human-readable version of the file size, where the input represents a specific number of bytes.
      * <p>
      * If the size is over 1GB, the size is returned as the number of whole GB, the size is rounded down to the
      * nearest GB boundary.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * Similarly for the 1MB and 1KB boundaries.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param size the number of bytes
      * @return a human-readable display value (includes units - EB, PB, TB, GB, MB, KB or bytes)
      * @see <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/IO-226">IO-226 - should the rounding be changed?</a>
      * @since 2.12.0
      */
     // See https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/IO-226 - should the rounding be changed?
     public static String byteCountToDisplaySize(final Number size) {
         return byteCountToDisplaySize(size.longValue());
     }
 
     /**
      * Requires that the given {@link File} is non-null and exists (if strict is true).
      *
      * @param file The {@link File} to check.
      * @param strict whether to check that the {@code file} exists.
      * @throws FileNotFoundException if the file does not exist.
      * @throws NullPointerException  if the given {@link File} is {@code null}.
      */
     private static void checkExists(final File file, final boolean strict) throws FileNotFoundException {
         Objects.requireNonNull(file, PROTOCOL_FILE);
         if (strict && !file.exists() && !isSymlink(file)) {
             throw new FileNotFoundException(file.toString());
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Requires that the given {@link File} exists, and throws a {@link FileNotFoundException} if it doesn't.
      *
      * @param file The {@link File} to check.
      * @param name The NullPointerException message.
      * @throws FileNotFoundException if the file does not exist.
      * @throws NullPointerException  if the given {@link File} is {@code null}.
      */
     private static void checkFileExists(final File file, final String name) throws FileNotFoundException {
         Objects.requireNonNull(file, name);
         if (!file.isFile()) {
             if (file.exists()) {
                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Parameter '" + name + "' is not a file: " + file);
             }
             if (!Files.isSymbolicLink(file.toPath())) {
                 throw new FileNotFoundException("Source '" + file + "' does not exist");
             }
         }
     }
 
     private static File checkIsFile(final File file, final String name) {
         if (file.isFile()) {
             return file;
         }
         throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("Parameter '%s' is not a file: %s", name, file));
     }
 
     /**
      * Computes the checksum of a file using the specified checksum object. Multiple files may be checked using one
      * {@link Checksum} instance if desired simply by reusing the same checksum object. For example:
      *
      * <pre>
      * long checksum = FileUtils.checksum(file, new CRC32()).getValue();
      * </pre>
      *
      * @param file the file to checksum, must not be {@code null}
      * @param checksum the checksum object to be used, must not be {@code null}
      * @return the checksum specified, updated with the content of the file
      * @throws NullPointerException if the given {@link File} is {@code null}.
      * @throws NullPointerException if the given {@link Checksum} is {@code null}.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the given {@link File} is not a file.
      * @throws FileNotFoundException if the file does not exist
      * @throws IOException if an IO error occurs reading the file.
      * @since 1.3
      */
     public static Checksum checksum(final File file, final Checksum checksum) throws IOException {
         checkFileExists(file, PROTOCOL_FILE);
         Objects.requireNonNull(checksum, "checksum");
         try (InputStream inputStream = new CheckedInputStream(Files.newInputStream(file.toPath()), checksum)) {
             IOUtils.consume(inputStream);
         }
         return checksum;
     }
 
     /**
      * Computes the checksum of a file using the CRC32 checksum routine.
      * The value of the checksum is returned.
      *
      * @param file the file to checksum, must not be {@code null}
      * @return the checksum value
      * @throws NullPointerException if the {@code file} is {@code null}.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the {@code file} does not exist or is not a file.
      * @throws IOException              if an IO error occurs reading the file.
      * @since 1.3
      */
     public static long checksumCRC32(final File file) throws IOException {
         return checksum(file, new CRC32()).getValue();
     }
 
     /**
      * Cleans a directory without deleting it.
      *
      * @param directory directory to clean
      * @throws NullPointerException if the given {@link File} is {@code null}.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the {@code directory} does not exist or is not a directory.
      * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs.
      * @see #forceDelete(File)
      */
     public static void cleanDirectory(final File directory) throws IOException {
         IOConsumer.forAll(f -> forceDelete(f, false), listFiles(directory, null));
     }
 
     /**
      * Cleans a directory without deleting it.
      *
      * @param directory directory to clean, must not be {@code null}
      * @throws NullPointerException if the given {@link File} is {@code null}.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the {@code directory} does not exist or is not a directory.
      * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs.
      * @see #forceDeleteOnExit(File)
      */
     private static void cleanDirectoryOnExit(final File directory) throws IOException {
         IOConsumer.forAll(FileUtils::forceDeleteOnExit, listFiles(directory, null));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether the contents of two files are equal.
      * <p>
      * This method checks to see if the two files are different lengths or if they point to the same file, before
      * resorting to byte-by-byte comparison of the contents.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param file1 the first file
      * @param file2 the second file
      * @return true if the content of the files are equal or they both don't exist, false otherwise
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException when an input is not a file.
      * @throws IOException If an I/O error occurs.
      * @see PathUtils#fileContentEquals(Path,Path)
      */
     public static boolean contentEquals(final File file1, final File file2) throws IOException {
         if (file1 == null && file2 == null) {
             return true;
         }
         if (file1 == null || file2 == null) {
             return false;
         }
         final boolean file1Exists = file1.exists();
         if (file1Exists != file2.exists()) {
             return false;
         }
         if (!file1Exists) {
             // two not existing files are equal
             return true;
         }
         checkIsFile(file1, "file1");
         checkIsFile(file2, "file2");
         if (file1.length() != file2.length()) {
             // lengths differ, cannot be equal
             return false;
         }
         if (file1.getCanonicalFile().equals(file2.getCanonicalFile())) {
             // same file
             return true;
         }
         return PathUtils.fileContentEquals(file1.toPath(), file2.toPath());
     }
 
     /**
      * Compares the contents of two files to determine if they are equal or not.
      * <p>
      * This method checks to see if the two files point to the same file,
      * before resorting to line-by-line comparison of the contents.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param file1       the first file
      * @param file2       the second file
      * @param charsetName the name of the requested charset.
      *                    May be null, in which case the platform default is used
      * @return true if the content of the files are equal or neither exists,
      * false otherwise
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException when an input is not a file.
      * @throws IOException in case of an I/O error.
      * @throws UnsupportedCharsetException If the named charset is unavailable (unchecked exception).
      * @see IOUtils#contentEqualsIgnoreEOL(Reader, Reader)
      * @since 2.2
      */
     public static boolean contentEqualsIgnoreEOL(final File file1, final File file2, final String charsetName) throws IOException {
         if (file1 == null && file2 == null) {
             return true;
         }
         if (file1 == null || file2 == null) {
             return false;
         }
         final boolean file1Exists = file1.exists();
         if (file1Exists != file2.exists()) {
             return false;
         }
         if (!file1Exists) {
             // two not existing files are equal
             return true;
         }
         checkFileExists(file1, "file1");
         checkFileExists(file2, "file2");
         if (file1.getCanonicalFile().equals(file2.getCanonicalFile())) {
             // same file
             return true;
         }
         final Charset charset = Charsets.toCharset(charsetName);
         try (Reader input1 = new InputStreamReader(Files.newInputStream(file1.toPath()), charset);
                 Reader input2 = new InputStreamReader(Files.newInputStream(file2.toPath()), charset)) {
             return IOUtils.contentEqualsIgnoreEOL(input1, input2);
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Converts a Collection containing {@link File} instances into array
      * representation. This is to account for the difference between
      * File.listFiles() and FileUtils.listFiles().
      *
      * @param files a Collection containing {@link File} instances
      * @return an array of {@link File}
      */
     public static File[] convertFileCollectionToFileArray(final Collection<File> files) {
         return files.toArray(EMPTY_FILE_ARRAY);
     }
 
     /**
      * Copies a whole directory to a new location, preserving the file dates.
      * <p>
      * This method copies the specified directory and all its child directories and files to the specified destination.
      * The destination is the new location and name of the directory. That is, copying /home/bar to /tmp/bang
      * copies the contents of /home/bar into /tmp/bang. It does not create /tmp/bang/bar.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * The destination directory is created if it does not exist. If the destination directory does exist, then this
      * method merges the source with the destination, with the source taking precedence.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * <strong>Note:</strong> This method tries to preserve the file's last
      * modified date/times using {@link BasicFileAttributeView#setTimes(FileTime, FileTime, FileTime)}. However it is
      * not guaranteed that the operation will succeed. If the modification operation fails, it falls back to
      * {@link File#setLastModified(long)}. If that fails, the method throws IOException.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * Symbolic links in the source directory are copied to new symbolic links in the destination
      * directory that point to the original target. The target of the link is not copied unless
      * it is also under the source directory. Even if it is under the source directory, the new symbolic
      * link in the destination points to the original target in the source directory, not to the
      * newly created copy of the target.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param srcDir an existing directory to copy, must not be {@code null}.
      * @param destDir the new directory, must not be {@code null}.
      * @throws NullPointerException if any of the given {@link File}s are {@code null}.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code srcDir} exists but is not a directory,
      *     the source and the destination directory are the same
      * @throws FileNotFoundException if the source does not exist.
      * @throws IOException if an error occurs, the destination is not writable, or setting the last-modified time didn't succeed
      * @since 1.1
      */
     public static void copyDirectory(final File srcDir, final File destDir) throws IOException {
         copyDirectory(srcDir, destDir, true);
     }
 
     /**
      * Copies a whole directory to a new location.
      * <p>
      * This method copies the contents of the specified source directory to within the specified destination directory.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * The destination directory is created if it does not exist. If the destination directory does exist, then this
      * method merges the source with the destination, with the source taking precedence.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * <strong>Note:</strong> Setting {@code preserveFileDate} to {@code true} tries to preserve the files' last
      * modified date/times using {@link File#setLastModified(long)}. However it is not guaranteed that those operations
      * will succeed. If the modification operation fails, the method throws IOException.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param srcDir an existing directory to copy, must not be {@code null}.
      * @param destDir the new directory, must not be {@code null}.
      * @param preserveFileDate true if the file date of the copy should be the same as the original.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code srcDir} exists but is not a directory, or
      *     the source and the destination directory are the same
      * @throws FileNotFoundException if the source does not exist.
      * @throws IOException if an error occurs, the destination is not writable, or setting the last-modified time didn't succeed
      * @since 1.1
      */
     public static void copyDirectory(final File srcDir, final File destDir, final boolean preserveFileDate)
         throws IOException {
         copyDirectory(srcDir, destDir, null, preserveFileDate);
     }
 
     /**
      * Copies a filtered directory to a new location preserving the file dates.
      * <p>
      * This method copies the contents of the specified source directory to within the specified destination directory.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * The destination directory is created if it does not exist. If the destination directory does exist, then this
      * method merges the source with the destination, with the source taking precedence.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * <strong>Note:</strong> This method tries to preserve the files' last modified date/times using
      * {@link File#setLastModified(long)}. However it is not guaranteed that those operations will succeed. If the
      * modification operation fails, the method throws IOException.
      * </p>
      * <strong>Example: Copy directories only</strong>
      *
      * <pre>
      * // only copy the directory structure
      * FileUtils.copyDirectory(srcDir, destDir, DirectoryFileFilter.DIRECTORY);
      * </pre>
      *
      * <strong>Example: Copy directories and txt files</strong>
      *
      * <pre>
      * // Create a filter for ".txt" files
      * IOFileFilter txtSuffixFilter = FileFilterUtils.suffixFileFilter(".txt");
      * IOFileFilter txtFiles = FileFilterUtils.andFileFilter(FileFileFilter.INSTANCE, txtSuffixFilter);
      *
      * // Create a filter for either directories or ".txt" files
      * FileFilter filter = FileFilterUtils.orFileFilter(DirectoryFileFilter.DIRECTORY, txtFiles);
      *
      * // Copy using the filter
      * FileUtils.copyDirectory(srcDir, destDir, filter);
      * </pre>
      *
      * @param srcDir an existing directory to copy, must not be {@code null}.
      * @param destDir the new directory, must not be {@code null}.
      * @param filter the filter to apply, null means copy all directories and files should be the same as the original.
      * @throws NullPointerException if any of the given {@link File}s are {@code null}.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code srcDir} exists but is not a directory, or
      *     the source and the destination directory are the same
      * @throws FileNotFoundException if the source does not exist.
      * @throws IOException if an error occurs, the destination is not writable, or setting the last-modified time didn't succeed
      * @since 1.4
      */
     public static void copyDirectory(final File srcDir, final File destDir, final FileFilter filter)
         throws IOException {
         copyDirectory(srcDir, destDir, filter, true);
     }
 
     /**
      * Copies a filtered directory to a new location.
      * <p>
      * This method copies the contents of the specified source directory to within the specified destination directory.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * The destination directory is created if it does not exist. If the destination directory does exist, then this
      * method merges the source with the destination, with the source taking precedence.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * <strong>Note:</strong> Setting {@code preserveFileDate} to {@code true} tries to preserve the file's last
      * modified date/times using {@link BasicFileAttributeView#setTimes(FileTime, FileTime, FileTime)}. However, it is
      * not guaranteed that the operation will succeed. If the modification operation fails it falls back to
      * {@link File#setLastModified(long)}. If that fails, the method throws IOException.
      * </p>
      * <strong>Example: Copy directories only</strong>
      *
      * <pre>
      * // only copy the directory structure
      * FileUtils.copyDirectory(srcDir, destDir, DirectoryFileFilter.DIRECTORY, false);
      * </pre>
      *
      * <strong>Example: Copy directories and txt files</strong>
      *
      * <pre>
      * // Create a filter for ".txt" files
      * IOFileFilter txtSuffixFilter = FileFilterUtils.suffixFileFilter(".txt");
      * IOFileFilter txtFiles = FileFilterUtils.andFileFilter(FileFileFilter.INSTANCE, txtSuffixFilter);
      *
      * // Create a filter for either directories or ".txt" files
      * FileFilter filter = FileFilterUtils.orFileFilter(DirectoryFileFilter.DIRECTORY, txtFiles);
      *
      * // Copy using the filter
      * FileUtils.copyDirectory(srcDir, destDir, filter, false);
      * </pre>
      *
      * @param srcDir an existing directory to copy, must not be {@code null}.
      * @param destDir the new directory, must not be {@code null}.
      * @param filter the filter to apply, null means copy all directories and files.
      * @param preserveFileDate true if the file date of the copy should be the same as the original.
      * @throws NullPointerException if any of the given {@link File}s are {@code null}.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code srcDir} exists but is not a directory,
      *     the source and the destination directory are the same, or the destination is not writable
      * @throws FileNotFoundException if the source does not exist.
      * @throws IOException if an error occurs or setting the last-modified time didn't succeed.
      * @since 1.4
      */
     public static void copyDirectory(final File srcDir, final File destDir, final FileFilter filter, final boolean preserveFileDate) throws IOException {
         copyDirectory(srcDir, destDir, filter, preserveFileDate, StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING, LinkOption.NOFOLLOW_LINKS);
     }
 
     /**
      * Copies a filtered directory to a new location.
      * <p>
      * This method copies the contents of the specified source directory to within the specified destination directory.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * The destination directory is created if it does not exist. If the destination directory does exist, then this
      * method merges the source with the destination, with the source taking precedence.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * <strong>Note:</strong> Setting {@code preserveFileDate} to {@code true} tries to preserve the file's last
      * modified date/times using {@link BasicFileAttributeView#setTimes(FileTime, FileTime, FileTime)}. However, it is
      * not guaranteed that the operation will succeed. If the modification operation fails it falls back to
      * {@link File#setLastModified(long)}. If that fails, the method throws IOException.
      * </p>
      * <strong>Example: Copy directories only</strong>
      *
      * <pre>
      * // only copy the directory structure
      * FileUtils.copyDirectory(srcDir, destDir, DirectoryFileFilter.DIRECTORY, false);
      * </pre>
      *
      * <strong>Example: Copy directories and txt files</strong>
      *
      * <pre>
      * // Create a filter for ".txt" files
      * IOFileFilter txtSuffixFilter = FileFilterUtils.suffixFileFilter(".txt");
      * IOFileFilter txtFiles = FileFilterUtils.andFileFilter(FileFileFilter.INSTANCE, txtSuffixFilter);
      *
      * // Create a filter for either directories or ".txt" files
      * FileFilter filter = FileFilterUtils.orFileFilter(DirectoryFileFilter.DIRECTORY, txtFiles);
      *
      * // Copy using the filter
      * FileUtils.copyDirectory(srcDir, destDir, filter, false);
      * </pre>
      *
      * @param srcDir an existing directory to copy, must not be {@code null}
      * @param destDir the new directory, must not be {@code null}
      * @param fileFilter the filter to apply, null means copy all directories and files
      * @param preserveFileDate true if the file date of the copy should be the same as the original
      * @param copyOptions options specifying how the copy should be done, for example {@link StandardCopyOption}.
      * @throws NullPointerException if any of the given {@link File}s are {@code null}.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code srcDir} exists but is not a directory, or
      *     the source and the destination directory are the same
      * @throws FileNotFoundException if the source does not exist.
      * @throws IOException if an error occurs, the destination is not writable, or setting the last-modified time didn't succeed
      * @since 2.8.0
      */
     public static void copyDirectory(final File srcDir, final File destDir, final FileFilter fileFilter, final boolean preserveFileDate,
             final CopyOption... copyOptions) throws IOException {
         Objects.requireNonNull(destDir, "destination");
         requireDirectoryExists(srcDir, "srcDir");
         requireCanonicalPathsNotEquals(srcDir, destDir);
         // Cater for destination being directory within the source directory (see IO-141)
         List<String> exclusionList = null;
         final String srcDirCanonicalPath = srcDir.getCanonicalPath();
         final String destDirCanonicalPath = destDir.getCanonicalPath();
         if (destDirCanonicalPath.startsWith(srcDirCanonicalPath)) {
             final File[] srcFiles = listFiles(srcDir, fileFilter);
             if (srcFiles.length > 0) {
                 exclusionList = new ArrayList<>(srcFiles.length);
                 for (final File srcFile : srcFiles) {
                     exclusionList.add(new File(destDir, srcFile.getName()).getCanonicalPath());
                 }
             }
         }
         doCopyDirectory(srcDir, destDir, fileFilter, exclusionList, preserveFileDate, copyOptions);
     }
 
     /**
      * Copies a directory to within another directory preserving the file dates.
      * <p>
      * This method copies the source directory and all its contents to a directory of the same name in the specified
      * destination directory.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * The destination directory is created if it does not exist. If the destination directory does exist, then this
      * method merges the source with the destination, with the source taking precedence.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * <strong>Note:</strong> Setting {@code preserveFileDate} to {@code true} tries to preserve the file's last
      * modified date/times using {@link BasicFileAttributeView#setTimes(FileTime, FileTime, FileTime)}. However, it is
      * not guaranteed that the operation will succeed. If the modification operation fails it falls back to
      * {@link File#setLastModified(long)} and if that fails, the method throws IOException.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param sourceDir an existing directory to copy, must not be {@code null}.
      * @param destinationDir the directory to place the copy in, must not be {@code null}.
      * @throws NullPointerException if any of the given {@link File}s are {@code null}.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the source or destination is invalid.
      * @throws FileNotFoundException if the source does not exist.
      * @throws IOException if an error occurs, the destination is not writable, or setting the last-modified time didn't succeed
      * @since 1.2
      */
     public static void copyDirectoryToDirectory(final File sourceDir, final File destinationDir) throws IOException {
         Objects.requireNonNull(sourceDir, "sourceDir");
         requireDirectoryIfExists(destinationDir, "destinationDir");
         copyDirectory(sourceDir, new File(destinationDir, sourceDir.getName()), true);
     }
 
     /**
      * Copies a file to a new location preserving the file date.
      * <p>
      * This method copies the contents of the specified source file to the specified destination file. The directory
      * holding the destination file is created if it does not exist. If the destination file exists, then this method
      * overwrites it. A symbolic link is resolved before copying so the new file is not a link.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * <strong>Note:</strong> This method tries to preserve the file's last modified date/times using
      * {@link BasicFileAttributeView#setTimes(FileTime, FileTime, FileTime)}. However, it is not guaranteed that the
      * operation will succeed. If the modification operation fails, it falls back to
      * {@link File#setLastModified(long)}, and if that fails, the method throws IOException.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param srcFile an existing file to copy, must not be {@code null}.
      * @param destFile the new file, must not be {@code null}.
      * @throws NullPointerException if any of the given {@link File}s are {@code null}.
      * @throws IOException if source or destination is invalid.
      * @throws IOException if an error occurs or setting the last-modified time didn't succeed.
      * @throws IOException if the output file length is not the same as the input file length after the copy completes.
      * @see #copyFileToDirectory(File, File)
      * @see #copyFile(File, File, boolean)
      */
     public static void copyFile(final File srcFile, final File destFile) throws IOException {
         copyFile(srcFile, destFile, StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);
     }
 
     /**
      * Copies an existing file to a new file location.
      * <p>
      * This method copies the contents of the specified source file to the specified destination file. The directory
      * holding the destination file is created if it does not exist. If the destination file exists, then this method
      * overwrites it. A symbolic link is resolved before copying so the new file is not a link.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * <strong>Note:</strong> Setting {@code preserveFileDate} to {@code true} tries to preserve the file's last
      * modified date/times using {@link BasicFileAttributeView#setTimes(FileTime, FileTime, FileTime)}. However, it is
      * not guaranteed that the operation will succeed. If the modification operation fails, it falls back to
      * {@link File#setLastModified(long)}, and if that fails, the method throws IOException.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param srcFile an existing file to copy, must not be {@code null}.
      * @param destFile the new file, must not be {@code null}.
      * @param preserveFileDate true if the file date of the copy should be the same as the original.
      * @throws NullPointerException if any of the given {@link File}s are {@code null}.
      * @throws IOException if source or destination is invalid.
      * @throws IOException if an error occurs or setting the last-modified time didn't succeed.
      * @throws IOException if the output file length is not the same as the input file length after the copy completes
      * @see #copyFile(File, File, boolean, CopyOption...)
      */
     public static void copyFile(final File srcFile, final File destFile, final boolean preserveFileDate) throws IOException {
         copyFile(srcFile, destFile, preserveFileDate, StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);
     }
 
     /**
      * Copies the contents of a file to a new location.
      * <p>
      * This method copies the contents of the specified source file to the specified destination file. The directory
      * holding the destination file is created if it does not exist. If the destination file exists, you can overwrite
      * it with {@link StandardCopyOption#REPLACE_EXISTING}.
      * </p>
      *
      * <p>
      * By default, a symbolic link is resolved before copying so the new file is not a link.
      * To copy symbolic links as links, you can pass {@code LinkOption.NO_FOLLOW_LINKS} as the last argument.
      * </p>
      *
      * <p>
      * <strong>Note:</strong> Setting {@code preserveFileDate} to {@code true} tries to preserve the file's last
      * modified date/times using {@link BasicFileAttributeView#setTimes(FileTime, FileTime, FileTime)}. However, it is
      * not guaranteed that the operation will succeed. If the modification operation fails, it falls back to
      * {@link File#setLastModified(long)}, and if that fails, the method throws IOException.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param srcFile an existing file to copy, must not be {@code null}.
      * @param destFile the new file, must not be {@code null}.
      * @param preserveFileDate true if the file date of the copy should be the same as the original.
      * @param copyOptions options specifying how the copy should be done, for example {@link StandardCopyOption}.
      * @throws NullPointerException if any of the given {@link File}s are {@code null}.
      * @throws FileNotFoundException if the source does not exist.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code srcFile} or {@code destFile} is not a file
      * @throws IOException if the output file length is not the same as the input file length after the copy completes.
      * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs, setting the last-modified time didn't succeed,
      *     or the destination is not writable
      * @see #copyFileToDirectory(File, File, boolean)
      * @since 2.8.0
      */
     public static void copyFile(final File srcFile, final File destFile, final boolean preserveFileDate, final CopyOption... copyOptions) throws IOException {
         Objects.requireNonNull(destFile, "destination");
         checkFileExists(srcFile, "srcFile");
         requireCanonicalPathsNotEquals(srcFile, destFile);
         createParentDirectories(destFile);
         if (destFile.exists()) {
             checkFileExists(destFile, "destFile");
         }
         final Path srcPath = srcFile.toPath();
         Files.copy(srcPath, destFile.toPath(), copyOptions);
         // On Windows, the last modified time is copied by default.
         if (preserveFileDate && !Files.isSymbolicLink(srcPath) && !setTimes(srcFile, destFile)) {
             throw new IOException("Cannot set the file time.");
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Copies a file to a new location.
      * <p>
      * This method copies the contents of the specified source file to the specified destination file. The directory
      * holding the destination file is created if it does not exist. If the destination file exists, you can overwrite
      * it if you use {@link StandardCopyOption#REPLACE_EXISTING}.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param srcFile an existing file to copy, must not be {@code null}.
      * @param destFile the new file, must not be {@code null}.
      * @param copyOptions options specifying how the copy should be done, for example {@link StandardCopyOption}.
      * @throws NullPointerException if any of the given {@link File}s are {@code null}.
      * @throws FileNotFoundException if the source does not exist.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if source is not a file.
      * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs.
      * @see StandardCopyOption
      * @since 2.9.0
      */
     public static void copyFile(final File srcFile, final File destFile, final CopyOption... copyOptions) throws IOException {
         copyFile(srcFile, destFile, true, copyOptions);
     }
 
     /**
      * Copies bytes from a {@link File} to an {@link OutputStream}.
      * <p>
      * This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a {@link BufferedInputStream}.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param input  the {@link File} to read.
      * @param output the {@link OutputStream} to write.
      * @return the number of bytes copied
      * @throws NullPointerException if the File is {@code null}.
      * @throws NullPointerException if the OutputStream is {@code null}.
      * @throws IOException          if an I/O error occurs.
      * @since 2.1
      */
     public static long copyFile(final File input, final OutputStream output) throws IOException {
         try (InputStream fis = Files.newInputStream(input.toPath())) {
             return IOUtils.copyLarge(fis, output);
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Copies a file to a directory preserving the file date.
      * <p>
      * This method copies the contents of the specified source file to a file of the same name in the specified
      * destination directory. The destination directory is created if it does not exist. If the destination file exists,
      * then this method will overwrite it.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * <strong>Note:</strong> This method tries to preserve the file's last modified date/times using
      * {@link BasicFileAttributeView#setTimes(FileTime, FileTime, FileTime)}. However, it is not guaranteed that the
      * operation will succeed. If the modification operation fails it falls back to
      * {@link File#setLastModified(long)} and if that fails, the method throws IOException.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param srcFile an existing file to copy, must not be {@code null}.
      * @param destDir the directory to place the copy in, must not be {@code null}.
      * @throws NullPointerException if any of the given {@link File}s are {@code null}.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if source or destination is invalid.
      * @throws IOException if an error occurs or setting the last-modified time didn't succeed.
      * @see #copyFile(File, File, boolean)
      */
     public static void copyFileToDirectory(final File srcFile, final File destDir) throws IOException {
         copyFileToDirectory(srcFile, destDir, true);
     }
 
     /**
      * Copies a file to a directory optionally preserving the file date.
      * <p>
      * This method copies the contents of the specified source file to a file of the same name in the specified
      * destination directory. The destination directory is created if it does not exist. If the destination file exists,
      * then this method will overwrite it.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * <strong>Note:</strong> Setting {@code preserveFileDate} to {@code true} tries to preserve the file's last
      * modified date/times using {@link BasicFileAttributeView#setTimes(FileTime, FileTime, FileTime)}. However, it is
      * not guaranteed that the operation will succeed. If the modification operation fails it falls back to
      * {@link File#setLastModified(long)} and if that fails, the method throws IOException.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param sourceFile an existing file to copy, must not be {@code null}.
      * @param destinationDir the directory to place the copy in, must not be {@code null}.
      * @param preserveFileDate true if the file date of the copy should be the same as the original.
      * @throws NullPointerException if any of the given {@link File}s are {@code null}.
      * @throws IOException if an error occurs or setting the last-modified time didn't succeed.
      * @throws IOException if the output file length is not the same as the input file length after the copy completes.
      * @see #copyFile(File, File, CopyOption...)
      * @since 1.3
      */
     public static void copyFileToDirectory(final File sourceFile, final File destinationDir, final boolean preserveFileDate) throws IOException {
         Objects.requireNonNull(sourceFile, "sourceFile");
         requireDirectoryIfExists(destinationDir, "destinationDir");
         copyFile(sourceFile, new File(destinationDir, sourceFile.getName()), preserveFileDate);
     }
 
     /**
      * Copies bytes from an {@link InputStream} {@code source} to a file
      * {@code destination}. The directories up to {@code destination}
      * will be created if they don't already exist. {@code destination}
      * will be overwritten if it already exists.
      * <p>
      * <em>The {@code source} stream is closed.</em>
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * See {@link #copyToFile(InputStream, File)} for a method that does not close the input stream.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param source      the {@link InputStream} to copy bytes from, must not be {@code null}, will be closed
      * @param destination the non-directory {@link File} to write bytes to
      *                    (possibly overwriting), must not be {@code null}
      * @throws IOException if {@code destination} is a directory
      * @throws IOException if {@code destination} cannot be written
      * @throws IOException if {@code destination} needs creating but can't be
      * @throws IOException if an IO error occurs during copying
      * @since 2.0
      */
     public static void copyInputStreamToFile(final InputStream source, final File destination) throws IOException {
         try (InputStream inputStream = source) {
             copyToFile(inputStream, destination);
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Copies a file or directory to within another directory preserving the file dates.
      * <p>
      * This method copies the source file or directory, along with all its contents, to a directory of the same name in the
      * specified destination directory.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * The destination directory is created if it does not exist. If the destination directory does exist, then this method
      * merges the source with the destination, with the source taking precedence.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * <strong>Note:</strong> Setting {@code preserveFileDate} to {@code true} tries to preserve the file's last
      * modified date/times using {@link BasicFileAttributeView#setTimes(FileTime, FileTime, FileTime)}. However, it is
      * not guaranteed that the operation will succeed. If the modification operation fails it falls back to
      * {@link File#setLastModified(long)} and if that fails, the method throws IOException.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param sourceFile an existing file or directory to copy, must not be {@code null}.
      * @param destinationDir the directory to place the copy in, must not be {@code null}.
      * @throws NullPointerException if any of the given {@link File}s are {@code null}.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the source or destination is invalid.
      * @throws FileNotFoundException if the source does not exist.
      * @throws IOException if an error occurs or setting the last-modified time didn't succeed.
      * @see #copyDirectoryToDirectory(File, File)
      * @see #copyFileToDirectory(File, File)
      * @since 2.6
      */
     public static void copyToDirectory(final File sourceFile, final File destinationDir) throws IOException {
         Objects.requireNonNull(sourceFile, "sourceFile");
         if (sourceFile.isFile()) {
             copyFileToDirectory(sourceFile, destinationDir);
         } else if (sourceFile.isDirectory()) {
             copyDirectoryToDirectory(sourceFile, destinationDir);
         } else {
             throw new FileNotFoundException("The source " + sourceFile + " does not exist");
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Copies a files to a directory preserving each file's date.
      * <p>
      * This method copies the contents of the specified source files
      * to a file of the same name in the specified destination directory.
      * The destination directory is created if it does not exist.
      * If the destination file exists, then this method will overwrite it.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * <strong>Note:</strong> This method tries to preserve the file's last
      * modified date/times using {@link BasicFileAttributeView#setTimes(FileTime, FileTime, FileTime)}. However, it is
      * not guaranteed that the operation will succeed. If the modification operation fails it falls back to
      * {@link File#setLastModified(long)} and if that fails, the method throws IOException.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param sourceIterable  existing files to copy, must not be {@code null}.
      * @param destinationDir  the directory to place the copies in, must not be {@code null}.
      * @throws NullPointerException if any of the given {@link File}s are {@code null}.
      * @throws IOException if source or destination is invalid.
      * @throws IOException if an error occurs or setting the last-modified time didn't succeed.
      * @see #copyFileToDirectory(File, File)
      * @since 2.6
      */
     public static void copyToDirectory(final Iterable<File> sourceIterable, final File destinationDir) throws IOException {
         Objects.requireNonNull(sourceIterable, "sourceIterable");
         for (final File src : sourceIterable) {
             copyFileToDirectory(src, destinationDir);
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Copies bytes from an {@link InputStream} source to a {@link File} destination. The directories
      * up to {@code destination} will be created if they don't already exist. {@code destination} will be
      * overwritten if it already exists. The {@code source} stream is left open, e.g. for use with
      * {@link java.util.zip.ZipInputStream ZipInputStream}. See {@link #copyInputStreamToFile(InputStream, File)} for a
      * method that closes the input stream.
      *
      * @param inputStream the {@link InputStream} to copy bytes from, must not be {@code null}
      * @param file the non-directory {@link File} to write bytes to (possibly overwriting), must not be
      *        {@code null}
      * @throws NullPointerException if the InputStream is {@code null}.
      * @throws NullPointerException if the File is {@code null}.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the file object is a directory.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the file is not writable.
      * @throws IOException if the directories could not be created.
      * @throws IOException if an IO error occurs during copying.
      * @since 2.5
      */
     public static void copyToFile(final InputStream inputStream, final File file) throws IOException {
         try (OutputStream out = newOutputStream(file, false)) {
             IOUtils.copy(inputStream, out);
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Copies bytes from the URL {@code source} to a file
      * {@code destination}. The directories up to {@code destination}
      * will be created if they don't already exist. {@code destination}
      * will be overwritten if it already exists.
      * <p>
      * Warning: this method does not set a connection or read timeout and thus
      * might block forever. Use {@link #copyURLToFile(URL, File, int, int)}
      * with reasonable timeouts to prevent this.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param source      the {@link URL} to copy bytes from, must not be {@code null}
      * @param destination the non-directory {@link File} to write bytes to
      *                    (possibly overwriting), must not be {@code null}
      * @throws IOException if {@code source} URL cannot be opened
      * @throws IOException if {@code destination} is a directory
      * @throws IOException if {@code destination} cannot be written
      * @throws IOException if {@code destination} needs creating but can't be
      * @throws IOException if an IO error occurs during copying
      */
     public static void copyURLToFile(final URL source, final File destination) throws IOException {
         final Path path = destination.toPath();
         PathUtils.createParentDirectories(path);
         PathUtils.copy(source::openStream, path, StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);
     }
 
     /**
      * Copies bytes from the URL {@code source} to a file {@code destination}. The directories up to
      * {@code destination} will be created if they don't already exist. {@code destination} will be
      * overwritten if it already exists.
      *
      * @param source the {@link URL} to copy bytes from, must not be {@code null}
      * @param destination the non-directory {@link File} to write bytes to (possibly overwriting), must not be
      *        {@code null}
      * @param connectionTimeoutMillis the number of milliseconds until this method will time out if no connection could
      *        be established to the {@code source}
      * @param readTimeoutMillis the number of milliseconds until this method will time out if no data could be read from
      *        the {@code source}
      * @throws IOException if {@code source} URL cannot be opened
      * @throws IOException if {@code destination} is a directory
      * @throws IOException if {@code destination} cannot be written
      * @throws IOException if {@code destination} needs creating but can't be
      * @throws IOException if an IO error occurs during copying
      * @since 2.0
      */
     public static void copyURLToFile(final URL source, final File destination, final int connectionTimeoutMillis, final int readTimeoutMillis)
         throws IOException {
         try (CloseableURLConnection urlConnection = CloseableURLConnection.open(source)) {
             urlConnection.setConnectTimeout(connectionTimeoutMillis);
             urlConnection.setReadTimeout(readTimeoutMillis);
             try (InputStream stream = urlConnection.getInputStream()) {
                 copyInputStreamToFile(stream, destination);
             }
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Creates all parent directories for a File object, including any necessary but non-existent parent directories. If a parent directory already exists or
      * is null, nothing happens.
      *
      * @param file the File that may need parents, may be null.
      * @return The parent directory, or {@code null} if the given File does have a parent.
      * @throws IOException       if the directory was not created along with all its parent directories.
      * @throws SecurityException See {@link File#mkdirs()}.
      * @since 2.9.0
      */
     public static File createParentDirectories(final File file) throws IOException {
         return mkdirs(getParentFile(file));
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the current directory.
      *
      * @return the current directory.
      * @since 2.12.0
      */
     public static File current() {
         return PathUtils.current().toFile();
     }
 
     /**
      * Decodes the specified URL as per RFC 3986, transforming
      * percent-encoded octets to characters by decoding with the UTF-8 character
      * set. This function is primarily intended for usage with
      * {@link java.net.URL} which unfortunately does not enforce proper URLs. As
      * such, this method will leniently accept invalid characters or malformed
      * percent-encoded octets and simply pass them literally through to the
      * result string. Except for rare edge cases, this will make unencoded URLs
      * pass through unaltered.
      *
      * @param url The URL to decode, may be {@code null}.
      * @return The decoded URL or {@code null} if the input was
      * {@code null}.
      */
     static String decodeUrl(final String url) {
         String decoded = url;
         if (url != null && url.indexOf('%') >= 0) {
             final int n = url.length();
             final StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
             final ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(n);
             for (int i = 0; i < n; ) {
                 if (url.charAt(i) == '%') {
                     try {
                         do {
                             final byte octet = (byte) Integer.parseInt(url.substring(i + 1, i + 3), 16);
                             byteBuffer.put(octet);
                             i += 3;
                         } while (i < n && url.charAt(i) == '%');
                         continue;
                     } catch (final IndexOutOfBoundsException | NumberFormatException ignored) {
                         // malformed percent-encoded octet, fall through and
                         // append characters literally
                     } finally {
                         if (byteBuffer.position() > 0) {
                             byteBuffer.flip();
                             builder.append(StandardCharsets.UTF_8.decode(byteBuffer).toString());
                             byteBuffer.clear();
                         }
                     }
                 }
                 builder.append(url.charAt(i++));
             }
             decoded = builder.toString();
         }
         return decoded;
     }
 
     /**
      * Deletes the given File but throws an IOException if it cannot, unlike {@link File#delete()} which returns a
      * boolean.
      *
      * @param file The file to delete.
      * @return the given file.
      * @throws NullPointerException     if the parameter is {@code null}
      * @throws IOException              if the file cannot be deleted.
      * @see File#delete()
      * @since 2.9.0
      */
     public static File delete(final File file) throws IOException {
         Objects.requireNonNull(file, PROTOCOL_FILE);
         Files.delete(file.toPath());
         return file;
     }
 
     /**
      * Deletes a directory recursively.
      *
      * @param directory directory to delete
      * @throws IOException              in case deletion is unsuccessful
      * @throws NullPointerException     if the parameter is {@code null}
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code directory} is not a directory
      */
     public static void deleteDirectory(final File directory) throws IOException {
         Objects.requireNonNull(directory, "directory");
         if (!directory.exists()) {
             return;
         }
         if (!isSymlink(directory)) {
             cleanDirectory(directory);
         }
         delete(directory);
     }
 
     /**
      * Requests a directory for deletion recursively when the virtual machine terminates.
      *
      * @param directory directory to delete, must not be {@code null}
      * @throws NullPointerException if the directory is {@code null}
      * @throws IOException          in case deletion is unsuccessful
      */
     private static void deleteDirectoryOnExit(final File directory) throws IOException {
         if (!directory.exists()) {
             return;
         }
         directory.deleteOnExit();
         if (!isSymlink(directory)) {
             cleanDirectoryOnExit(directory);
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Deletes a file, never throwing an exception. If file is a directory, delete it and all subdirectories.
      * <p>
      * The difference between File.delete() and this method are:
      * </p>
      * <ul>
      * <li>A directory to be deleted does not have to be empty.</li>
      * <li>No exceptions are thrown when a file or directory cannot be deleted.</li>
      * </ul>
      *
      * @param file file or directory to delete, can be {@code null}
      * @return {@code true} if the file or directory was deleted, otherwise
      * {@code false}
      * @since 1.4
      */
     public static boolean deleteQuietly(final File file) {
         if (file == null) {
             return false;
         }
         try {
             if (file.isDirectory()) {
                 cleanDirectory(file);
             }
         } catch (final Exception ignored) {
             // ignore
         }
         try {
             return file.delete();
         } catch (final Exception ignored) {
             return false;
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether the {@code parent} directory contains the {@code child} element (a file or directory).
      * <p>
      * Files are normalized before comparison.
      * </p>
      *
      * Edge cases:
      * <ul>
      * <li>A {@code directory} must not be null: if null, throw NullPointerException</li>
      * <li>A {@code directory} must be a directory: if not a directory, throw IllegalArgumentException</li>
      * <li>A directory does not contain itself: return false</li>
      * <li>A null child file is not contained in any parent: return false</li>
      * </ul>
      *
      * @param directory the file to consider as the parent.
      * @param child     the file to consider as the child.
      * @return true is the candidate leaf is under by the specified composite. False otherwise.
      * @throws IOException              if an IO error occurs while checking the files.
      * @throws NullPointerException if the parent is {@code null}.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the parent is not a directory.
      * @see FilenameUtils#directoryContains(String, String)
      * @since 2.2
      */
     public static boolean directoryContains(final File directory, final File child) throws IOException {
         requireDirectoryExists(directory, "directory");
 
         if (child == null || !child.exists()) {
             return false;
         }
 
         // Canonicalize paths (normalizes relative paths)
         return FilenameUtils.directoryContains(directory.getCanonicalPath(), child.getCanonicalPath());
     }
 
     /**
      * Internal copy directory method. Creates all destination parent directories,
      * including any necessary but non-existent parent directories.
      *
      * @param srcDir the validated source directory, must not be {@code null}.
      * @param destDir the validated destination directory, must not be {@code null}.
      * @param fileFilter the filter to apply, null means copy all directories and files.
      * @param exclusionList List of files and directories to exclude from the copy, may be null.
      * @param preserveDirDate preserve the directories last modified dates.
      * @param copyOptions options specifying how the copy should be done, see {@link StandardCopyOption}.
      * @throws IOException if the directory was not created along with all its parent directories.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code destDir} is not writable
      * @throws SecurityException See {@link File#mkdirs()}.
      */
     private static void doCopyDirectory(final File srcDir, final File destDir, final FileFilter fileFilter, final List<String> exclusionList,
         final boolean preserveDirDate, final CopyOption... copyOptions) throws IOException {
         // recurse dirs, copy files.
         final File[] srcFiles = listFiles(srcDir, fileFilter);
         requireDirectoryIfExists(destDir, "destDir");
         mkdirs(destDir);
         for (final File srcFile : srcFiles) {
             final File dstFile = new File(destDir, srcFile.getName());
             if (exclusionList == null || !exclusionList.contains(srcFile.getCanonicalPath())) {
                 if (srcFile.isDirectory()) {
                     doCopyDirectory(srcFile, dstFile, fileFilter, exclusionList, preserveDirDate, copyOptions);
                 } else {
                     copyFile(srcFile, dstFile, preserveDirDate, copyOptions);
                 }
             }
         }
         // Do this last, as the above has probably affected directory metadata
         if (preserveDirDate) {
             setTimes(srcDir, destDir);
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Deletes a file or directory. For a directory, delete it and all subdirectories.
      * <p>
      * The difference between File.delete() and this method are:
      * </p>
      * <ul>
      * <li>The directory does not have to be empty.</li>
      * <li>You get an exception when a file or directory cannot be deleted.</li>
      * </ul>
      *
      * @param file file or directory to delete, must not be {@code null}.
      * @throws NullPointerException  if the file is {@code null}.
      * @throws FileNotFoundException if the file was not found.
      * @throws IOException           in case deletion is unsuccessful.
      */
     public static void forceDelete(final File file) throws IOException {
         forceDelete(file, true);
     }
 
     /**
      * Deletes a file or directory. For a directory, delete it and all subdirectories.
      * <p>
      * The difference between File.delete() and this method are:
      * </p>
      * <ul>
      * <li>The directory does not have to be empty.</li>
      * <li>You get an exception when a file or directory cannot be deleted.</li>
      * </ul>
      *
      * @param file file or directory to delete, must not be {@code null}.
      * @param strict whether to throw a FileNotFoundException.
      * @throws NullPointerException  if the file is {@code null}.
      * @throws FileNotFoundException if the file was not found.
      * @throws IOException           in case deletion is unsuccessful.
      */
     private static void forceDelete(final File file, final boolean strict) throws IOException {
         checkExists(file, strict); // fail-fast
         final Counters.PathCounters deleteCounters;
         try {
             deleteCounters = PathUtils.delete(file.toPath(), PathUtils.EMPTY_LINK_OPTION_ARRAY, StandardDeleteOption.OVERRIDE_READ_ONLY);
         } catch (final NoSuchFileException e) {
             // Map NIO to IO exception
             final FileNotFoundException nioEx = new FileNotFoundException("Cannot delete file: " + file);
             nioEx.initCause(e);
             throw nioEx;
         } catch (final IOException e) {
             throw new IOException("Cannot delete file: " + file, e);
         }
         if (deleteCounters.getFileCounter().get() < 1 && deleteCounters.getDirectoryCounter().get() < 1) {
             // didn't find a file to delete.
             throw new FileNotFoundException("File does not exist: " + file);
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Requests a file to be deleted when the virtual machine terminates.
      * If file is directory delete it and all subdirectories.
      *
      * @param file file or directory to delete, must not be {@code null}.
      * @throws NullPointerException if the file is {@code null}.
      * @throws IOException          in case deletion is unsuccessful.
      */
     public static void forceDeleteOnExit(final File file) throws IOException {
         Objects.requireNonNull(file, PROTOCOL_FILE);
         if (file.isDirectory()) {
             deleteDirectoryOnExit(file);
         } else {
             file.deleteOnExit();
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Creates all directories for a File object, including any necessary but non-existent parent directories. If the {@code directory} already exists or is
      * null, nothing happens.
      * <p>
      * Calls {@link File#mkdirs()} and throws an {@link IOException} on failure.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param directory the receiver for {@code mkdirs()}. If the {@code directory} already exists or is null, nothing happens.
      * @throws IOException       if the directory was not created along with all its parent directories.
      * @throws IOException       if the given file object is not a directory.
      * @throws SecurityException See {@link File#mkdirs()}.
      * @see File#mkdirs()
      */
     public static void forceMkdir(final File directory) throws IOException {
         mkdirs(directory);
     }
 
     /**
      * Creates all directories for a File object, including any necessary but non-existent parent directories. If the parent directory already exists or is
      * null, nothing happens.
      * <p>
      * Calls {@link File#mkdirs()} for the parent of {@code file}.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param file file with parents to create, must not be {@code null}.
      * @throws NullPointerException if the file is {@code null}.
      * @throws IOException          if the directory was not created along with all its parent directories.
      * @throws SecurityException    See {@link File#mkdirs()}.
      * @see File#mkdirs()
      * @since 2.5
      */
     public static void forceMkdirParent(final File file) throws IOException {
         forceMkdir(getParentFile(Objects.requireNonNull(file, PROTOCOL_FILE)));
     }
 
     /**
      * Constructs a file from the set of name elements.
      *
      * @param directory the parent directory.
      * @param names the name elements.
      * @return the new file.
      * @since 2.1
      */
     public static File getFile(final File directory, final String... names) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(directory, "directory");
         Objects.requireNonNull(names, "names");
         File file = directory;
         for (final String name : names) {
             file = new File(file, name);
         }
         return file;
     }
 
     /**
      * Constructs a file from the set of name elements.
      *
      * @param names the name elements.
      * @return the file.
      * @since 2.1
      */
     public static File getFile(final String... names) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(names, "names");
         File file = null;
         for (final String name : names) {
             if (file == null) {
                 file = new File(name);
             } else {
                 file = new File(file, name);
             }
         }
         return file;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the parent of the given file. The given file may be null. Note that a file's parent may be null as well.
      *
      * @param file The file to query, may be null.
      * @return The parent file or {@code null}. Note that a file's parent may be null as well.
      */
     private static File getParentFile(final File file) {
         return file == null ? null : file.getParentFile();
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets a {@link File} representing the system temporary directory.
      *
      * @return the system temporary directory as a File
      * @since 2.0
      */
     public static File getTempDirectory() {
         return new File(getTempDirectoryPath());
     }
 
     /**
      * Getsv the path to the system temporary directory.
      *
      * WARNING: this method relies on the Java system property 'java.io.tmpdir'
      * which may or may not have a trailing file separator.
      * This can affect code that uses String processing to manipulate pathnames rather
      * than the standard libary methods in classes such as {@link File}
      *
      * @return the path to the system temporary directory as a String
      * @since 2.0
      */
     public static String getTempDirectoryPath() {
         return System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir");
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets a {@link File} representing the user's home directory.
      *
      * @return the user's home directory.
      * @since 2.0
      */
     public static File getUserDirectory() {
         return new File(getUserDirectoryPath());
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the path to the user's home directory.
      *
      * @return the path to the user's home directory.
      * @since 2.0
      */
     public static String getUserDirectoryPath() {
         return System.getProperty("user.home");
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether the specified {@link File} is a directory or not. Implemented as a
      * null-safe delegate to {@link Files#isDirectory(Path path, LinkOption... options)}.
      *
      * @param   file the path to the file.
      * @param   options options indicating how symbolic links are handled
      * @return  {@code true} if the file is a directory; {@code false} if
      *          the path is null, the file does not exist, is not a directory, or it cannot
      *          be determined if the file is a directory or not.
      * @throws SecurityException     In the case of the default provider, and a security manager is installed, the
      *                               {@link SecurityManager#checkRead(String) checkRead} method is invoked to check read
      *                               access to the directory.
      * @since 2.9.0
      */
     public static boolean isDirectory(final File file, final LinkOption... options) {
         return file != null && Files.isDirectory(file.toPath(), options);
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether the directory is empty.
      *
      * @param directory the directory to query.
      * @return whether the directory is empty.
      * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs.
      * @throws NotDirectoryException if the file could not otherwise be opened because it is not a directory
      *                               <em>(optional specific exception)</em>.
      * @since 2.9.0
      */
     public static boolean isEmptyDirectory(final File directory) throws IOException {
         return PathUtils.isEmptyDirectory(directory.toPath());
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests if the specified {@link File} is newer than the specified {@link ChronoLocalDate}
      * at the end of day.
      *
      * <p>
      * Note: The input date is assumed to be in the system default time-zone with the time
      * part set to the current time. To use a non-default time-zone use the method
      * {@link #isFileNewer(File, ChronoLocalDateTime, ZoneId)
      * isFileNewer(file, chronoLocalDate.atTime(LocalTime.now(zoneId)), zoneId)} where
      * {@code zoneId} is a valid {@link ZoneId}.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param file            the {@link File} of which the modification date must be compared.
      * @param chronoLocalDate the date reference.
      * @return true if the {@link File} exists and has been modified after the given
      * {@link ChronoLocalDate} at the current time.
      * @throws UncheckedIOException if an I/O error occurs
      * @throws NullPointerException if the file or local date is {@code null}.
      * @since 2.8.0
      */
     public static boolean isFileNewer(final File file, final ChronoLocalDate chronoLocalDate) {
         return isFileNewer(file, chronoLocalDate, LocalTime.MAX);
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests if the specified {@link File} is newer than the specified {@link ChronoLocalDate}
      * at the specified time.
      *
      * <p>
      * Note: The input date and time are assumed to be in the system default time-zone. To use a
      * non-default time-zone use the method {@link #isFileNewer(File, ChronoLocalDateTime, ZoneId)
      * isFileNewer(file, chronoLocalDate.atTime(localTime), zoneId)} where {@code zoneId} is a valid
      * {@link ZoneId}.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param file            the {@link File} of which the modification date must be compared.
      * @param chronoLocalDate the date reference.
      * @param localTime       the time reference.
      * @return true if the {@link File} exists and has been modified after the given
      * {@link ChronoLocalDate} at the given time.
      * @throws UncheckedIOException if an I/O error occurs
      * @throws NullPointerException if the file, local date or zone ID is {@code null}.
      * @since 2.8.0
      */
     public static boolean isFileNewer(final File file, final ChronoLocalDate chronoLocalDate, final LocalTime localTime) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(chronoLocalDate, "chronoLocalDate");
         Objects.requireNonNull(localTime, "localTime");
         return isFileNewer(file, chronoLocalDate.atTime(localTime));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests if the specified {@link File} is newer than the specified {@link ChronoLocalDate} at the specified
      * {@link OffsetTime}.
      *
      * @param file the {@link File} of which the modification date must be compared
      * @param chronoLocalDate the date reference
      * @param offsetTime the time reference
      * @return true if the {@link File} exists and has been modified after the given {@link ChronoLocalDate} at the given
      *         {@link OffsetTime}.
      * @throws UncheckedIOException if an I/O error occurs
      * @throws NullPointerException if the file, local date or zone ID is {@code null}
      * @since 2.12.0
      */
     public static boolean isFileNewer(final File file, final ChronoLocalDate chronoLocalDate, final OffsetTime offsetTime) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(chronoLocalDate, "chronoLocalDate");
         Objects.requireNonNull(offsetTime, "offsetTime");
         return isFileNewer(file, chronoLocalDate.atTime(offsetTime.toLocalTime()));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests if the specified {@link File} is newer than the specified {@link ChronoLocalDateTime}
      * at the system-default time zone.
      *
      * <p>
      * Note: The input date and time is assumed to be in the system default time-zone. To use a
      * non-default time-zone use the method {@link #isFileNewer(File, ChronoLocalDateTime, ZoneId)
      * isFileNewer(file, chronoLocalDateTime, zoneId)} where {@code zoneId} is a valid
      * {@link ZoneId}.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param file                the {@link File} of which the modification date must be compared.
      * @param chronoLocalDateTime the date reference.
      * @return true if the {@link File} exists and has been modified after the given
      * {@link ChronoLocalDateTime} at the system-default time zone.
      * @throws UncheckedIOException if an I/O error occurs
      * @throws NullPointerException if the file or local date time is {@code null}.
      * @since 2.8.0
      */
     public static boolean isFileNewer(final File file, final ChronoLocalDateTime<?> chronoLocalDateTime) {
         return isFileNewer(file, chronoLocalDateTime, ZoneId.systemDefault());
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests if the specified {@link File} is newer than the specified {@link ChronoLocalDateTime}
      * at the specified {@link ZoneId}.
      *
      * @param file                the {@link File} of which the modification date must be compared.
      * @param chronoLocalDateTime the date reference.
      * @param zoneId              the time zone.
      * @return true if the {@link File} exists and has been modified after the given
      * {@link ChronoLocalDateTime} at the given {@link ZoneId}.
      * @throws UncheckedIOException if an I/O error occurs
      * @throws NullPointerException if the file, local date time or zone ID is {@code null}.
      * @since 2.8.0
      */
     public static boolean isFileNewer(final File file, final ChronoLocalDateTime<?> chronoLocalDateTime, final ZoneId zoneId) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(chronoLocalDateTime, "chronoLocalDateTime");
         Objects.requireNonNull(zoneId, "zoneId");
         return isFileNewer(file, chronoLocalDateTime.atZone(zoneId));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests if the specified {@link File} is newer than the specified {@link ChronoZonedDateTime}.
      *
      * @param file                the {@link File} of which the modification date must be compared.
      * @param chronoZonedDateTime the date reference.
      * @return true if the {@link File} exists and has been modified after the given
      * {@link ChronoZonedDateTime}.
      * @throws NullPointerException if the file or zoned date time is {@code null}.
      * @throws UncheckedIOException if an I/O error occurs
      * @since 2.8.0
      */
     public static boolean isFileNewer(final File file, final ChronoZonedDateTime<?> chronoZonedDateTime) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(file, PROTOCOL_FILE);
         Objects.requireNonNull(chronoZonedDateTime, "chronoZonedDateTime");
         return Uncheck.getAsBoolean(() -> PathUtils.isNewer(file.toPath(), chronoZonedDateTime));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests if the specified {@link File} is newer than the specified {@link Date}.
      *
      * @param file the {@link File} of which the modification date must be compared.
      * @param date the date reference.
      * @return true if the {@link File} exists and has been modified
      * after the given {@link Date}.
      * @throws UncheckedIOException if an I/O error occurs
      * @throws NullPointerException if the file or date is {@code null}.
      */
     public static boolean isFileNewer(final File file, final Date date) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(date, "date");
         return isFileNewer(file, date.getTime());
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests if the specified {@link File} is newer than the reference {@link File}.
      *
      * @param file      the {@link File} of which the modification date must be compared.
      * @param reference the {@link File} of which the modification date is used.
      * @return true if the {@link File} exists and has been modified more
      * recently than the reference {@link File}.
      * @throws NullPointerException if the file or reference file is {@code null}.
      * @throws UncheckedIOException if the reference file doesn't exist.
      */
     public static boolean isFileNewer(final File file, final File reference) {
         return Uncheck.getAsBoolean(() -> PathUtils.isNewer(file.toPath(), reference.toPath()));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests if the specified {@link File} is newer than the specified {@link FileTime}.
      *
      * @param file the {@link File} of which the modification date must be compared.
      * @param fileTime the file time reference.
      * @return true if the {@link File} exists and has been modified after the given {@link FileTime}.
      * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs.
      * @throws NullPointerException if the file or local date is {@code null}.
      * @since 2.12.0
      */
     public static boolean isFileNewer(final File file, final FileTime fileTime) throws IOException {
         Objects.requireNonNull(file, PROTOCOL_FILE);
         return PathUtils.isNewer(file.toPath(), fileTime);
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests if the specified {@link File} is newer than the specified {@link Instant}.
      *
      * @param file the {@link File} of which the modification date must be compared.
      * @param instant the date reference.
      * @return true if the {@link File} exists and has been modified after the given {@link Instant}.
      * @throws NullPointerException if the file or instant is {@code null}.
      * @throws UncheckedIOException if an I/O error occurs
      * @since 2.8.0
      */
     public static boolean isFileNewer(final File file, final Instant instant) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(instant, "instant");
         return Uncheck.getAsBoolean(() -> PathUtils.isNewer(file.toPath(), instant));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests if the specified {@link File} is newer than the specified time reference.
      *
      * @param file       the {@link File} of which the modification date must be compared.
      * @param timeMillis the time reference measured in milliseconds since the
      *                   epoch (00:00:00 GMT, January 1, 1970).
      * @return true if the {@link File} exists and has been modified after the given time reference.
      * @throws UncheckedIOException if an I/O error occurs
      * @throws NullPointerException if the file is {@code null}.
      */
     public static boolean isFileNewer(final File file, final long timeMillis) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(file, PROTOCOL_FILE);
         return Uncheck.getAsBoolean(() -> PathUtils.isNewer(file.toPath(), timeMillis));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests if the specified {@link File} is newer than the specified {@link OffsetDateTime}.
      *
      * @param file the {@link File} of which the modification date must be compared
      * @param offsetDateTime the date reference
      * @return true if the {@link File} exists and has been modified before the given {@link OffsetDateTime}.
      * @throws UncheckedIOException if an I/O error occurs
      * @throws NullPointerException if the file or zoned date time is {@code null}
      * @since 2.12.0
      */
     public static boolean isFileNewer(final File file, final OffsetDateTime offsetDateTime) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(offsetDateTime, "offsetDateTime");
         return isFileNewer(file, offsetDateTime.toInstant());
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests if the specified {@link File} is older than the specified {@link ChronoLocalDate}
      * at the end of day.
      *
      * <p>
      * Note: The input date is assumed to be in the system default time-zone with the time
      * part set to the current time. To use a non-default time-zone use the method
      * {@link #isFileOlder(File, ChronoLocalDateTime, ZoneId)
      * isFileOlder(file, chronoLocalDate.atTime(LocalTime.now(zoneId)), zoneId)} where
      * {@code zoneId} is a valid {@link ZoneId}.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param file            the {@link File} of which the modification date must be compared.
      * @param chronoLocalDate the date reference.
      * @return true if the {@link File} exists and has been modified before the given
      * {@link ChronoLocalDate} at the current time.
      * @throws NullPointerException if the file or local date is {@code null}.
      * @throws UncheckedIOException if an I/O error occurs
      * @see ZoneId#systemDefault()
      * @see LocalTime#now()
      * @since 2.8.0
      */
     public static boolean isFileOlder(final File file, final ChronoLocalDate chronoLocalDate) {
         return isFileOlder(file, chronoLocalDate, LocalTime.MAX);
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests if the specified {@link File} is older than the specified {@link ChronoLocalDate}
      * at the specified {@link LocalTime}.
      *
      * <p>
      * Note: The input date and time are assumed to be in the system default time-zone. To use a
      * non-default time-zone use the method {@link #isFileOlder(File, ChronoLocalDateTime, ZoneId)
      * isFileOlder(file, chronoLocalDate.atTime(localTime), zoneId)} where {@code zoneId} is a valid
      * {@link ZoneId}.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param file            the {@link File} of which the modification date must be compared.
      * @param chronoLocalDate the date reference.
      * @param localTime       the time reference.
      * @return true if the {@link File} exists and has been modified before the
      * given {@link ChronoLocalDate} at the specified time.
      * @throws UncheckedIOException if an I/O error occurs
      * @throws NullPointerException if the file, local date or local time is {@code null}.
      * @see ZoneId#systemDefault()
      * @since 2.8.0
      */
     public static boolean isFileOlder(final File file, final ChronoLocalDate chronoLocalDate, final LocalTime localTime) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(chronoLocalDate, "chronoLocalDate");
         Objects.requireNonNull(localTime, "localTime");
         return isFileOlder(file, chronoLocalDate.atTime(localTime));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests if the specified {@link File} is older than the specified {@link ChronoLocalDate} at the specified
      * {@link OffsetTime}.
      *
      * @param file the {@link File} of which the modification date must be compared
      * @param chronoLocalDate the date reference
      * @param offsetTime the time reference
      * @return true if the {@link File} exists and has been modified after the given {@link ChronoLocalDate} at the given
      *         {@link OffsetTime}.
      * @throws NullPointerException if the file, local date or zone ID is {@code null}
      * @throws UncheckedIOException if an I/O error occurs
      * @since 2.12.0
      */
     public static boolean isFileOlder(final File file, final ChronoLocalDate chronoLocalDate, final OffsetTime offsetTime) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(chronoLocalDate, "chronoLocalDate");
         Objects.requireNonNull(offsetTime, "offsetTime");
         return isFileOlder(file, chronoLocalDate.atTime(offsetTime.toLocalTime()));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests if the specified {@link File} is older than the specified {@link ChronoLocalDateTime}
      * at the system-default time zone.
      *
      * <p>
      * Note: The input date and time is assumed to be in the system default time-zone. To use a
      * non-default time-zone use the method {@link #isFileOlder(File, ChronoLocalDateTime, ZoneId)
      * isFileOlder(file, chronoLocalDateTime, zoneId)} where {@code zoneId} is a valid
      * {@link ZoneId}.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param file                the {@link File} of which the modification date must be compared.
      * @param chronoLocalDateTime the date reference.
      * @return true if the {@link File} exists and has been modified before the given
      * {@link ChronoLocalDateTime} at the system-default time zone.
      * @throws NullPointerException if the file or local date time is {@code null}.
      * @throws UncheckedIOException if an I/O error occurs
      * @see ZoneId#systemDefault()
      * @since 2.8.0
      */
     public static boolean isFileOlder(final File file, final ChronoLocalDateTime<?> chronoLocalDateTime) {
         return isFileOlder(file, chronoLocalDateTime, ZoneId.systemDefault());
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests if the specified {@link File} is older than the specified {@link ChronoLocalDateTime}
      * at the specified {@link ZoneId}.
      *
      * @param file          the {@link File} of which the modification date must be compared.
      * @param chronoLocalDateTime the date reference.
      * @param zoneId        the time zone.
      * @return true if the {@link File} exists and has been modified before the given
      * {@link ChronoLocalDateTime} at the given {@link ZoneId}.
      * @throws NullPointerException if the file, local date time or zone ID is {@code null}.
      * @throws UncheckedIOException if an I/O error occurs
      * @since 2.8.0
      */
     public static boolean isFileOlder(final File file, final ChronoLocalDateTime<?> chronoLocalDateTime, final ZoneId zoneId) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(chronoLocalDateTime, "chronoLocalDateTime");
         Objects.requireNonNull(zoneId, "zoneId");
         return isFileOlder(file, chronoLocalDateTime.atZone(zoneId));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests if the specified {@link File} is older than the specified {@link ChronoZonedDateTime}.
      *
      * @param file                the {@link File} of which the modification date must be compared.
      * @param chronoZonedDateTime the date reference.
      * @return true if the {@link File} exists and has been modified before the given
      * {@link ChronoZonedDateTime}.
      * @throws NullPointerException if the file or zoned date time is {@code null}.
      * @throws UncheckedIOException if an I/O error occurs
      * @since 2.8.0
      */
     public static boolean isFileOlder(final File file, final ChronoZonedDateTime<?> chronoZonedDateTime) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(chronoZonedDateTime, "chronoZonedDateTime");
         return isFileOlder(file, chronoZonedDateTime.toInstant());
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests if the specified {@link File} is older than the specified {@link Date}.
      *
      * @param file the {@link File} of which the modification date must be compared.
      * @param date the date reference.
      * @return true if the {@link File} exists and has been modified before the given {@link Date}.
      * @throws NullPointerException if the file or date is {@code null}.
      * @throws UncheckedIOException if an I/O error occurs
      */
     public static boolean isFileOlder(final File file, final Date date) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(date, "date");
         return isFileOlder(file, date.getTime());
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests if the specified {@link File} is older than the reference {@link File}.
      *
      * @param file      the {@link File} of which the modification date must be compared.
      * @param reference the {@link File} of which the modification date is used.
      * @return true if the {@link File} exists and has been modified before the reference {@link File}.
      * @throws NullPointerException if the file or reference file is {@code null}.
      * @throws FileNotFoundException if the reference file doesn't exist.
      * @throws UncheckedIOException if an I/O error occurs
      */
     public static boolean isFileOlder(final File file, final File reference) throws FileNotFoundException {
         return Uncheck.getAsBoolean(() -> PathUtils.isOlder(file.toPath(), reference.toPath()));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests if the specified {@link File} is older than the specified {@link FileTime}.
      *
      * @param file the {@link File} of which the modification date must be compared.
      * @param fileTime the file time reference.
      * @return true if the {@link File} exists and has been modified before the given {@link FileTime}.
      * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs.
      * @throws NullPointerException if the file or local date is {@code null}.
      * @since 2.12.0
      */
     public static boolean isFileOlder(final File file, final FileTime fileTime) throws IOException {
         Objects.requireNonNull(file, PROTOCOL_FILE);
         return PathUtils.isOlder(file.toPath(), fileTime);
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests if the specified {@link File} is older than the specified {@link Instant}.
      *
      * @param file    the {@link File} of which the modification date must be compared.
      * @param instant the date reference.
      * @return true if the {@link File} exists and has been modified before the given {@link Instant}.
      * @throws NullPointerException if the file or instant is {@code null}.
      * @since 2.8.0
      */
     public static boolean isFileOlder(final File file, final Instant instant) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(instant, "instant");
         return Uncheck.getAsBoolean(() -> PathUtils.isOlder(file.toPath(), instant));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests if the specified {@link File} is older than the specified time reference.
      *
      * @param file       the {@link File} of which the modification date must be compared.
      * @param timeMillis the time reference measured in milliseconds since the
      *                   epoch (00:00:00 GMT, January 1, 1970).
      * @return true if the {@link File} exists and has been modified before the given time reference.
      * @throws NullPointerException if the file is {@code null}.
      * @throws UncheckedIOException if an I/O error occurs
      */
     public static boolean isFileOlder(final File file, final long timeMillis) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(file, PROTOCOL_FILE);
         return Uncheck.getAsBoolean(() -> PathUtils.isOlder(file.toPath(), timeMillis));
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests if the specified {@link File} is older than the specified {@link OffsetDateTime}.
      *
      * @param file the {@link File} of which the modification date must be compared
      * @param offsetDateTime the date reference
      * @return true if the {@link File} exists and has been modified before the given {@link OffsetDateTime}.
      * @throws NullPointerException if the file or zoned date time is {@code null}
      * @since 2.12.0
      */
     public static boolean isFileOlder(final File file, final OffsetDateTime offsetDateTime) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(offsetDateTime, "offsetDateTime");
         return isFileOlder(file, offsetDateTime.toInstant());
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether the given URL is a file URL.
      *
      * @param url The URL to test.
      * @return Whether the given URL is a file URL.
      */
     private static boolean isFileProtocol(final URL url) {
         return PROTOCOL_FILE.equalsIgnoreCase(url.getProtocol());
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether the specified {@link File} is a regular file or not. Implemented as a
      * null-safe delegate to {@link Files#isRegularFile(Path path, LinkOption... options)}.
      *
      * @param   file the path to the file.
      * @param   options options indicating how symbolic links are handled
      * @return  {@code true} if the file is a regular file; {@code false} if
      *          the path is null, the file does not exist, is not a regular file, or it cannot
      *          be determined if the file is a regular file or not.
      * @throws SecurityException     In the case of the default provider, and a security manager is installed, the
      *                               {@link SecurityManager#checkRead(String) checkRead} method is invoked to check read
      *                               access to the directory.
      * @since 2.9.0
      */
     public static boolean isRegularFile(final File file, final LinkOption... options) {
         return file != null && Files.isRegularFile(file.toPath(), options);
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether the specified file is a symbolic link rather than an actual file.
      * <p>
      * This method delegates to {@link Files#isSymbolicLink(Path path)}
      * </p>
      *
      * @param file the file to test, may be null.
      * @return true if the file is a symbolic link, see {@link Files#isSymbolicLink(Path path)}.
      * @since 2.0
      * @see Files#isSymbolicLink(Path)
      */
     public static boolean isSymlink(final File file) {
         return file != null && Files.isSymbolicLink(file.toPath());
     }
 
     /**
      * Iterates over the files in given directory (and optionally
      * its subdirectories).
      * <p>
      * The resulting iterator MUST be consumed in its entirety in order to close its underlying stream.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * All files found are filtered by an IOFileFilter.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param directory  the directory to search in
      * @param fileFilter filter to apply when finding files.
      * @param dirFilter  optional filter to apply when finding subdirectories.
      *                   If this parameter is {@code null}, subdirectories will not be included in the
      *                   search. Use TrueFileFilter.INSTANCE to match all directories.
      * @return an iterator of {@link File} for the matching files
      * @see org.apache.commons.io.filefilter.FileFilterUtils
      * @see org.apache.commons.io.filefilter.NameFileFilter
      * @since 1.2
      */
     public static Iterator<File> iterateFiles(final File directory, final IOFileFilter fileFilter, final IOFileFilter dirFilter) {
         return listFiles(directory, fileFilter, dirFilter).iterator();
     }
 
     /**
      * Iterates over the files in a given directory (and optionally
      * its subdirectories) which match an array of extensions.
      * <p>
      * The resulting iterator MUST be consumed in its entirety in order to close its underlying stream.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param directory  the directory to search in
      * @param extensions an array of extensions, for example, {"java","xml"}. If this
      *                   parameter is {@code null}, all files are returned.
      * @param recursive  if true all subdirectories are searched as well
      * @return an iterator of {@link File} with the matching files
      * @since 1.2
      */
     public static Iterator<File> iterateFiles(final File directory, final String[] extensions, final boolean recursive) {
         return StreamIterator.iterator(Uncheck.get(() -> streamFiles(directory, recursive, extensions)));
     }
 
     /**
      * Iterates over the files in given directory (and optionally
      * its subdirectories).
      * <p>
      * The resulting iterator MUST be consumed in its entirety in order to close its underlying stream.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * All files found are filtered by an IOFileFilter.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * The resulting iterator includes the subdirectories themselves.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param directory  the directory to search in
      * @param fileFilter filter to apply when finding files.
      * @param dirFilter  optional filter to apply when finding subdirectories.
      *                   If this parameter is {@code null}, subdirectories will not be included in the
      *                   search. Use TrueFileFilter.INSTANCE to match all directories.
      * @return an iterator of {@link File} for the matching files
      * @see org.apache.commons.io.filefilter.FileFilterUtils
      * @see org.apache.commons.io.filefilter.NameFileFilter
      * @since 2.2
      */
     public static Iterator<File> iterateFilesAndDirs(final File directory, final IOFileFilter fileFilter, final IOFileFilter dirFilter) {
         return listFilesAndDirs(directory, fileFilter, dirFilter).iterator();
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns the last modification time in milliseconds via
      * {@link java.nio.file.Files#getLastModifiedTime(Path, LinkOption...)}.
      * <p>
      * For the best precision, use {@link #lastModifiedFileTime(File)}.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * Use this method to avoid issues with {@link File#lastModified()} like
      * <a href="https://bugs.openjdk.java.net/browse/JDK-8177809">JDK-8177809</a> where {@link File#lastModified()} is
      * losing milliseconds (always ends in 000). This bug exists in OpenJDK 8 and 9, and is fixed in 10.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param file The File to query.
      * @return See {@link java.nio.file.attribute.FileTime#toMillis()}.
      * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs.
      * @since 2.9.0
      */
     public static long lastModified(final File file) throws IOException {
         // https://bugs.openjdk.java.net/browse/JDK-8177809
         // File.lastModified() is losing milliseconds (always ends in 000)
         // This bug is in OpenJDK 8 and 9, and fixed in 10.
         return lastModifiedFileTime(file).toMillis();
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns the last modification {@link FileTime} via
      * {@link java.nio.file.Files#getLastModifiedTime(Path, LinkOption...)}.
      * <p>
      * Use this method to avoid issues with {@link File#lastModified()} like
      * <a href="https://bugs.openjdk.java.net/browse/JDK-8177809">JDK-8177809</a> where {@link File#lastModified()} is
      * losing milliseconds (always ends in 000). This bug exists in OpenJDK 8 and 9, and is fixed in 10.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param file The File to query.
      * @return See {@link java.nio.file.Files#getLastModifiedTime(Path, LinkOption...)}.
      * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs.
      * @since 2.12.0
      */
     public static FileTime lastModifiedFileTime(final File file) throws IOException {
         // https://bugs.openjdk.java.net/browse/JDK-8177809
         // File.lastModified() is losing milliseconds (always ends in 000)
         // This bug is in OpenJDK 8 and 9, and fixed in 10.
         return Files.getLastModifiedTime(Objects.requireNonNull(file, PROTOCOL_FILE).toPath());
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns the last modification time in milliseconds via
      * {@link java.nio.file.Files#getLastModifiedTime(Path, LinkOption...)}.
      * <p>
      * For the best precision, use {@link #lastModifiedFileTime(File)}.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * Use this method to avoid issues with {@link File#lastModified()} like
      * <a href="https://bugs.openjdk.java.net/browse/JDK-8177809">JDK-8177809</a> where {@link File#lastModified()} is
      * losing milliseconds (always ends in 000). This bug exists in OpenJDK 8 and 9, and is fixed in 10.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param file The File to query.
      * @return See {@link java.nio.file.attribute.FileTime#toMillis()}.
      * @throws UncheckedIOException if an I/O error occurs.
      * @since 2.9.0
      */
     public static long lastModifiedUnchecked(final File file) {
         // https://bugs.openjdk.java.net/browse/JDK-8177809
         // File.lastModified() is losing milliseconds (always ends in 000)
         // This bug is in OpenJDK 8 and 9, and fixed in 10.
         return Uncheck.apply(FileUtils::lastModified, file);
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns an Iterator for the lines in a {@link File} using the default encoding for the VM.
      *
      * @param file the file to open for input, must not be {@code null}
      * @return an Iterator of the lines in the file, never {@code null}
      * @throws NullPointerException if file is {@code null}.
      * @throws FileNotFoundException if the file does not exist, is a directory rather than a regular file, or for some
      *         other reason cannot be opened for reading.
      * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs.
      * @see #lineIterator(File, String)
      * @since 1.3
      */
     public static LineIterator lineIterator(final File file) throws IOException {
         return lineIterator(file, null);
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns an Iterator for the lines in a {@link File}.
      * <p>
      * This method opens an {@link InputStream} for the file.
      * When you have finished with the iterator you should close the stream
      * to free internal resources. This can be done by using a try-with-resources block or calling the
      * {@link LineIterator#close()} method.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * The recommended usage pattern is:
      * </p>
      * <pre>
      * LineIterator it = FileUtils.lineIterator(file, StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name());
      * try {
      *   while (it.hasNext()) {
      *     String line = it.nextLine();
      *     /// do something with line
      *   }
      * } finally {
      *   LineIterator.closeQuietly(iterator);
      * }
      * </pre>
      * <p>
      * If an exception occurs during the creation of the iterator, the
      * underlying stream is closed.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param file     the file to open for input, must not be {@code null}
      * @param charsetName the name of the requested charset, {@code null} means platform default
      * @return a LineIterator for lines in the file, never {@code null}; MUST be closed by the caller.
      * @throws NullPointerException if file is {@code null}.
      * @throws FileNotFoundException if the file does not exist, is a directory rather than a regular file, or for some
      *         other reason cannot be opened for reading.
      * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs.
      * @since 1.2
      */
     @SuppressWarnings("resource") // Caller closes the result LineIterator.
     public static LineIterator lineIterator(final File file, final String charsetName) throws IOException {
         InputStream inputStream = null;
         try {
             inputStream = Files.newInputStream(file.toPath());
             return IOUtils.lineIterator(inputStream, charsetName);
         } catch (final IOException | RuntimeException ex) {
             IOUtils.closeQuietly(inputStream, ex::addSuppressed);
             throw ex;
         }
     }
 
     private static AccumulatorPathVisitor listAccumulate(final File directory, final IOFileFilter fileFilter, final IOFileFilter dirFilter,
             final FileVisitOption... options) throws IOException {
         final boolean isDirFilterSet = dirFilter != null;
         final FileEqualsFileFilter rootDirFilter = new FileEqualsFileFilter(directory);
         final PathFilter dirPathFilter = isDirFilterSet ? rootDirFilter.or(dirFilter) : rootDirFilter;
         // @formatter:off
         final AccumulatorPathVisitor visitor = AccumulatorPathVisitor.builder()
                 .setPathCounters(Counters.noopPathCounters())
                 .setFileFilter(fileFilter)
                 .setDirectoryFilter(dirPathFilter)
                 .setVisitFileFailedFunction((p, e) -> FileVisitResult.CONTINUE)
                 .get();
         // @formatter:on
         final Set<FileVisitOption> optionSet = new HashSet<>();
         if (options != null) {
             Collections.addAll(optionSet, options);
         }
         Files.walkFileTree(directory.toPath(), optionSet, toMaxDepth(isDirFilterSet), visitor);
         return visitor;
     }
 
     /**
      * Lists files in a directory, asserting that the supplied directory exists and is a directory.
      *
      * @param directory  The directory to list.
      * @param fileFilter Optional file filter, may be null.
      * @return The files in the directory, never {@code null}.
      * @throws NullPointerException     if the {@code directory} is {@code null}.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the {@code directory} exists but is not a directory.
      * @throws IOException              if an I/O error occurs per {@link File#listFiles()} and {@link File#listFiles(FileFilter)}.
      * @throws SecurityException        If a security manager exists and its {@link SecurityManager#checkRead(String)} method denies read access to the
      *                                  directory.
      */
     private static File[] listFiles(final File directory, final FileFilter fileFilter) throws IOException {
         requireDirectoryExists(directory, "directory");
         final File[] files = directory.listFiles(fileFilter);
         if (files == null) {
             // null if the directory does not denote a directory, or if an I/O error occurs.
             throw new IOException("Unknown I/O error listing contents of directory: " + directory);
         }
         return files;
     }
 
     /**
      * Finds files within a given directory (and optionally its
      * subdirectories). All files found are filtered by an IOFileFilter.
      * <p>
      * If your search should recurse into subdirectories you can pass in
      * an IOFileFilter for directories. You don't need to bind a
      * DirectoryFileFilter (via logical AND) to this filter. This method does
      * that for you.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * An example: If you want to search through all directories called
      * "temp" you pass in {@code FileFilterUtils.NameFileFilter("temp")}
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * Another common usage of this method is find files in a directory
      * tree but ignoring the directories generated CVS. You can simply pass
      * in {@code FileFilterUtils.makeCVSAware(null)}.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param directory  the directory to search in
      * @param fileFilter filter to apply when finding files. Must not be {@code null},
      *                   use {@link TrueFileFilter#INSTANCE} to match all files in selected directories.
      * @param dirFilter  optional filter to apply when finding subdirectories.
      *                   If this parameter is {@code null}, subdirectories will not be included in the
      *                   search. Use {@link TrueFileFilter#INSTANCE} to match all directories.
      * @return a collection of {@link File} with the matching files
      * @see org.apache.commons.io.filefilter.FileFilterUtils
      * @see org.apache.commons.io.filefilter.NameFileFilter
      */
     public static Collection<File> listFiles(final File directory, final IOFileFilter fileFilter, final IOFileFilter dirFilter) {
         final AccumulatorPathVisitor visitor = Uncheck
             .apply(d -> listAccumulate(d, FileFileFilter.INSTANCE.and(fileFilter), dirFilter, FileVisitOption.FOLLOW_LINKS), directory);
         return toList(visitor.getFileList().stream().map(Path::toFile));
     }
 
     /**
      * Lists Files in the given {@code directory}, adding each file to the given list.
      *
      * @param directory A File for an assumed directory, not null.
      * @param files The list to add found Files, not null.
      * @param recursive Whether or not to recurse into subdirectories.
      * @param filter How to filter files, not null.
      */
     @SuppressWarnings("null")
     private static void listFiles(final File directory, final List<File> files, final boolean recursive, final FilenameFilter filter) {
         final File[] listFiles = directory.listFiles();
         if (listFiles != null) {
             // Only allocate if you must.
             final List<File> dirs = recursive ? new ArrayList<>() : null;
             Arrays.stream(listFiles).forEach(f -> {
                 if (recursive && f.isDirectory()) {
                     dirs.add(f);
                 } else if (f.isFile() && filter.accept(directory, f.getName())) {
                     files.add(f);
                 }
             });
             if (recursive) {
                 dirs.forEach(d -> listFiles(d, files, true, filter));
             }
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Lists files within a given directory (and optionally its subdirectories)
      * which match an array of extensions.
      *
      * @param directory  the directory to search in
      * @param extensions an array of extensions, for example, {"java","xml"}. If this
      *                   parameter is {@code null}, all files are returned.
      * @param recursive  if true all subdirectories are searched as well
      * @return a collection of {@link File} with the matching files
      */
     public static Collection<File> listFiles(final File directory, final String[] extensions, final boolean recursive) {
         // IO-856: Don't use NIO to path walk, allocate as little as possible while traversing.
         final List<File> files = new ArrayList<>();
         final FilenameFilter filter = extensions != null ? toSuffixFileFilter(extensions) : TrueFileFilter.INSTANCE;
         listFiles(directory, files, recursive, filter);
         return files;
     }
 
     /**
      * Finds files within a given directory (and optionally its
      * subdirectories). All files found are filtered by an IOFileFilter.
      * <p>
      * The resulting collection includes the starting directory and
      * any subdirectories that match the directory filter.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param directory  the directory to search in
      * @param fileFilter filter to apply when finding files.
      * @param dirFilter  optional filter to apply when finding subdirectories.
      *                   If this parameter is {@code null}, subdirectories will not be included in the
      *                   search. Use TrueFileFilter.INSTANCE to match all directories.
      * @return a collection of {@link File} with the matching files
      * @see org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils#listFiles
      * @see org.apache.commons.io.filefilter.FileFilterUtils
      * @see org.apache.commons.io.filefilter.NameFileFilter
      * @since 2.2
      */
     public static Collection<File> listFilesAndDirs(final File directory, final IOFileFilter fileFilter, final IOFileFilter dirFilter) {
         final AccumulatorPathVisitor visitor = Uncheck.apply(d -> listAccumulate(d, fileFilter, dirFilter, FileVisitOption.FOLLOW_LINKS),
             directory);
         final List<Path> list = visitor.getFileList();
         list.addAll(visitor.getDirList());
         return toList(list.stream().map(Path::toFile));
     }
 
     /**
      * Calls {@link File#mkdirs()} and throws an {@link IOException} on failure.
      * <p>
      * Creates all directories for a File object, including any necessary but non-existent parent directories. If the {@code directory} already exists or is
      * null, nothing happens.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param directory the receiver for {@code mkdirs()}. If the {@code directory} already exists or is null, nothing happens.
      * @return the given directory.
      * @throws IOException       if the directory was not created along with all its parent directories.
      * @throws IOException       if the given file object is not a directory.
      * @throws SecurityException See {@link File#mkdirs()}.
      * @see File#mkdirs()
      */
     private static File mkdirs(final File directory) throws IOException {
         if (directory != null && !directory.mkdirs() && !directory.isDirectory()) {
             throw new IOException("Cannot create directory '" + directory + "'.");
         }
         return directory;
     }
 
     /**
      * Moves a directory.
      * <p>
      * When the destination directory is on another file system, do a "copy and delete".
      * </p>
      *
      * @param srcDir the directory to be moved.
      * @param destDir the destination directory.
      * @throws NullPointerException if any of the given {@link File}s are {@code null}.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code srcDir} exists but is not a directory
      * @throws FileNotFoundException if the source does not exist.
      * @throws IOException if an error occurs or setting the last-modified time didn't succeed.
      * @since 1.4
      */
     public static void moveDirectory(final File srcDir, final File destDir) throws IOException {
         Objects.requireNonNull(destDir, "destination");
         requireDirectoryExists(srcDir, "srcDir");
         requireAbsent(destDir, "destDir");
         if (!srcDir.renameTo(destDir)) {
             if (destDir.getCanonicalPath().startsWith(srcDir.getCanonicalPath() + File.separator)) {
                 throw new IOException("Cannot move directory: " + srcDir + " to a subdirectory of itself: " + destDir);
             }
             copyDirectory(srcDir, destDir);
             deleteDirectory(srcDir);
             if (srcDir.exists()) {
                 throw new IOException("Failed to delete original directory '" + srcDir +
                         "' after copy to '" + destDir + "'");
             }
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Moves a directory to another directory.
      * <p>
      * If {@code createDestDir} is true, creates all destination parent directories, including any necessary but non-existent parent directories.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param source the directory to be moved.
      * @param destDir the destination file.
      * @param createDestDir If {@code true} create the destination directory, otherwise if {@code false} throw an
      *        IOException.
      * @throws NullPointerException if any of the given {@link File}s are {@code null}.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the source or destination is invalid.
      * @throws FileNotFoundException if the source does not exist.
      * @throws IOException if the directory was not created along with all its parent directories, if enabled.
      * @throws IOException if an error occurs or setting the last-modified time didn't succeed.
      * @throws SecurityException See {@link File#mkdirs()}.
      * @since 1.4
      */
     public static void moveDirectoryToDirectory(final File source, final File destDir, final boolean createDestDir) throws IOException {
         validateMoveParameters(source, destDir);
         if (!destDir.isDirectory()) {
             if (destDir.exists()) {
                 throw new IOException("Destination '" + destDir + "' is not a directory");
             }
             if (!createDestDir) {
                 throw new FileNotFoundException("Destination directory '" + destDir + "' does not exist [createDestDir=" + false + "]");
             }
             mkdirs(destDir);
         }
         moveDirectory(source, new File(destDir, source.getName()));
     }
 
     /**
      * Moves a file preserving attributes.
      * <p>
      * Shorthand for {@code moveFile(srcFile, destFile, StandardCopyOption.COPY_ATTRIBUTES)}.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * When the destination file is on another file system, do a "copy and delete".
      * </p>
      *
      * @param srcFile the file to be moved.
      * @param destFile the destination file.
      * @throws NullPointerException if any of the given {@link File}s are {@code null}.
      * @throws FileExistsException if the destination file exists.
      * @throws FileNotFoundException if the source file does not exist.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code srcFile} is a directory
      * @throws IOException if an error occurs.
      * @since 1.4
      */
     public static void moveFile(final File srcFile, final File destFile) throws IOException {
         moveFile(srcFile, destFile, StandardCopyOption.COPY_ATTRIBUTES);
     }
 
     /**
      * Moves a file.
      * <p>
      * When the destination file is on another file system, do a "copy and delete".
      * </p>
      *
      * @param srcFile the file to be moved.
      * @param destFile the destination file.
      * @param copyOptions Copy options.
      * @throws NullPointerException if any of the given {@link File}s are {@code null}.
      * @throws FileExistsException if the destination file exists.
      * @throws FileNotFoundException if the source file does not exist.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code srcFile} is a directory
      * @throws IOException if an error occurs or setting the last-modified time didn't succeed.
      * @since 2.9.0
      */
     public static void moveFile(final File srcFile, final File destFile, final CopyOption... copyOptions) throws IOException {
         Objects.requireNonNull(destFile, "destFile");
         checkFileExists(srcFile, "srcFile");
         requireAbsent(destFile, "destFile");
         final boolean rename = srcFile.renameTo(destFile);
         if (!rename) {
             // Don't interfere with file date on move, handled by StandardCopyOption.COPY_ATTRIBUTES
             copyFile(srcFile, destFile, false, copyOptions);
             if (!srcFile.delete()) {
                 deleteQuietly(destFile);
                 throw new IOException("Failed to delete original file '" + srcFile + "' after copy to '" + destFile + "'");
             }
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Moves a file into a directory.
      * <p>
      * If {@code createDestDir} is true, creates all destination parent directories, including any necessary but non-existent parent directories.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param srcFile the file to be moved.
      * @param destDir the directory to move the file into
      * @param createDestDir if {@code true} create the destination directory. If {@code false} throw an
      *        IOException if the destination directory does not already exist.
      * @throws NullPointerException if any of the given {@link File}s are {@code null}.
      * @throws FileExistsException if the destination file exists.
      * @throws FileNotFoundException if the source file does not exist.
      * @throws IOException if source or destination is invalid.
      * @throws IOException if the directory was not created along with all its parent directories, if enabled.
      * @throws IOException if an error occurs or setting the last-modified time didn't succeed.
      * @throws SecurityException See {@link File#mkdirs()}.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code destDir} exists but is not a directory
      * @since 1.4
      */
     public static void moveFileToDirectory(final File srcFile, final File destDir, final boolean createDestDir) throws IOException {
         validateMoveParameters(srcFile, destDir);
         if (!destDir.exists() && createDestDir) {
             mkdirs(destDir);
         }
         requireDirectoryExists(destDir, "destDir");
         moveFile(srcFile, new File(destDir, srcFile.getName()));
     }
 
     /**
      * Moves a file or directory into a destination directory.
      * <p>
      * If {@code createDestDir} is true, creates all destination parent directories, including any necessary but non-existent parent directories.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * When the destination is on another file system, do a "copy and delete".
      * </p>
      *
      * @param src           the file or directory to be moved.
      * @param destDir       the destination directory.
      * @param createDestDir if {@code true} create the destination directory. If {@code false} throw an
      *        IOException if the destination directory does not already exist.
      * @throws NullPointerException  if any of the given {@link File}s are {@code null}.
      * @throws FileExistsException   if the directory or file exists in the destination directory.
      * @throws FileNotFoundException if the source file does not exist.
      * @throws IOException           if source or destination is invalid.
      * @throws IOException           if an error occurs or setting the last-modified time didn't succeed.
      * @since 1.4
      */
     public static void moveToDirectory(final File src, final File destDir, final boolean createDestDir) throws IOException {
         validateMoveParameters(src, destDir);
         if (src.isDirectory()) {
             moveDirectoryToDirectory(src, destDir, createDestDir);
         } else {
             moveFileToDirectory(src, destDir, createDestDir);
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Creates a new OutputStream by opening or creating a file, returning an output stream that may be used to write bytes
      * to the file.
      *
      * @param append Whether or not to append.
      * @param file the File.
      * @return a new OutputStream.
      * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs.
      * @see PathUtils#newOutputStream(Path, boolean)
      * @since 2.12.0
      */
     public static OutputStream newOutputStream(final File file, final boolean append) throws IOException {
         return PathUtils.newOutputStream(Objects.requireNonNull(file, PROTOCOL_FILE).toPath(), append);
     }
 
     /**
      * Opens a {@link FileInputStream} for the specified file, providing better error messages than simply calling
      * {@code new FileInputStream(file)}.
      * <p>
      * At the end of the method either the stream will be successfully opened, or an exception will have been thrown.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * An exception is thrown if the file does not exist. An exception is thrown if the file object exists but is a
      * directory. An exception is thrown if the file exists but cannot be read.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param file the file to open for input, must not be {@code null}
      * @return a new {@link FileInputStream} for the specified file
      * @throws NullPointerException if file is {@code null}.
      * @throws FileNotFoundException if the file does not exist, is a directory rather than a regular file, or for some
      *         other reason cannot be opened for reading.
      * @throws IOException See FileNotFoundException above, FileNotFoundException is a subclass of IOException.
      * @since 1.3
      */
     public static FileInputStream openInputStream(final File file) throws IOException {
         Objects.requireNonNull(file, PROTOCOL_FILE);
         return new FileInputStream(file);
     }
 
     /**
      * Opens a {@link FileOutputStream} for the specified file, checking and
      * creating the parent directory if it does not exist.
      * <p>
      * At the end of the method either the stream will be successfully opened,
      * or an exception will have been thrown.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * The parent directory will be created if it does not exist.
      * The file will be created if it does not exist.
      * An exception is thrown if the file object exists but is a directory.
      * An exception is thrown if the file exists but cannot be written to.
      * An exception is thrown if the parent directory cannot be created.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param file the file to open for output, must not be {@code null}
      * @return a new {@link FileOutputStream} for the specified file
      * @throws NullPointerException if the file object is {@code null}.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the file object is a directory
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the file is not writable.
      * @throws IOException if the directories could not be created.
      * @since 1.3
      */
     public static FileOutputStream openOutputStream(final File file) throws IOException {
         return openOutputStream(file, false);
     }
 
     /**
      * Opens a {@link FileOutputStream} for the specified file, checking and
      * creating the parent directory if it does not exist.
      * <p>
      * At the end of the method either the stream will be successfully opened,
      * or an exception will have been thrown.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * The parent directory will be created if it does not exist.
      * The file will be created if it does not exist.
      * An exception is thrown if the file object exists but is a directory.
      * An exception is thrown if the file exists but cannot be written to.
      * An exception is thrown if the parent directory cannot be created.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param file   the file to open for output, must not be {@code null}
      * @param append if {@code true}, then bytes will be added to the
      *               end of the file rather than overwriting
      * @return a new {@link FileOutputStream} for the specified file
      * @throws NullPointerException if the file object is {@code null}.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the file object is a directory
      * @throws IOException if the directories could not be created, or the file is not writable
      * @since 2.1
      */
     public static FileOutputStream openOutputStream(final File file, final boolean append) throws IOException {
         Objects.requireNonNull(file, PROTOCOL_FILE);
         if (file.exists()) {
             checkIsFile(file, PROTOCOL_FILE);
         } else {
             createParentDirectories(file);
         }
         return new FileOutputStream(file, append);
     }
 
     /**
      * Reads the contents of a file into a byte array.
      * The file is always closed.
      *
      * @param file the file to read, must not be {@code null}
      * @return the file contents, never {@code null}
      * @throws NullPointerException if file is {@code null}.
      * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs, including when the file does not exist, is a directory rather than a
      *         regular file, or for some other reason why the file cannot be opened for reading.
      * @since 1.1
      */
     public static byte[] readFileToByteArray(final File file) throws IOException {
         Objects.requireNonNull(file, PROTOCOL_FILE);
         return Files.readAllBytes(file.toPath());
     }
 
     /**
      * Reads the contents of a file into a String using the virtual machine's {@link Charset#defaultCharset() default charset}. The
      * file is always closed.
      *
      * @param file the file to read, must not be {@code null}
      * @return the file contents, never {@code null}
      * @throws NullPointerException if file is {@code null}.
      * @throws IOException          if an I/O error occurs, including when the file does not exist, is a directory rather than a regular file, or for some other
      *                              reason why the file cannot be opened for reading.
      * @since 1.3.1
      * @deprecated Use {@link #readFileToString(File, Charset)} instead (and specify the appropriate encoding)
      */
     @Deprecated
     public static String readFileToString(final File file) throws IOException {
         return readFileToString(file, Charset.defaultCharset());
     }
 
     /**
      * Reads the contents of a file into a String.
      * The file is always closed.
      *
      * @param file     the file to read, must not be {@code null}
      * @param charsetName the name of the requested charset, {@code null} means platform default
      * @return the file contents, never {@code null}
      * @throws NullPointerException if file is {@code null}.
      * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs, including when the file does not exist, is a directory rather than a
      *         regular file, or for some other reason why the file cannot be opened for reading.
      * @since 2.3
      */
     public static String readFileToString(final File file, final Charset charsetName) throws IOException {
         return IOUtils.toString(() -> Files.newInputStream(file.toPath()), Charsets.toCharset(charsetName));
     }
 
     /**
      * Reads the contents of a file into a String. The file is always closed.
      *
      * @param file     the file to read, must not be {@code null}
      * @param charsetName the name of the requested charset, {@code null} means platform default
      * @return the file contents, never {@code null}
      * @throws NullPointerException if file is {@code null}.
      * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs, including when the file does not exist, is a directory rather than a
      *         regular file, or for some other reason why the file cannot be opened for reading.
      * @throws java.nio.charset.UnsupportedCharsetException if the named charset is unavailable.
      * @since 2.3
      */
     public static String readFileToString(final File file, final String charsetName) throws IOException {
         return readFileToString(file, Charsets.toCharset(charsetName));
     }
 
     /**
      * Reads the contents of a file line by line to a List of Strings using the virtual machine's {@link Charset#defaultCharset() default charset}.
      * The file is always closed.
      *
      * @param file the file to read, must not be {@code null}
      * @return the list of Strings representing each line in the file, never {@code null}
      * @throws NullPointerException if file is {@code null}.
      * @throws IOException          if an I/O error occurs, including when the file does not exist, is a directory rather than a regular file, or for some other
      *                              reason why the file cannot be opened for reading.
      * @since 1.3
      * @deprecated Use {@link #readLines(File, Charset)} instead (and specify the appropriate encoding)
      */
     @Deprecated
     public static List<String> readLines(final File file) throws IOException {
         return readLines(file, Charset.defaultCharset());
     }
 
     /**
      * Reads the contents of a file line by line to a List of Strings.
      * The file is always closed.
      *
      * @param file     the file to read, must not be {@code null}
      * @param charset the charset to use, {@code null} means platform default
      * @return the list of Strings representing each line in the file, never {@code null}
      * @throws NullPointerException if file is {@code null}.
      * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs, including when the file does not exist, is a directory rather than a
      *         regular file, or for some other reason why the file cannot be opened for reading.
      * @since 2.3
      */
     public static List<String> readLines(final File file, final Charset charset) throws IOException {
         return Files.readAllLines(file.toPath(), Charsets.toCharset(charset));
     }
 
     /**
      * Reads the contents of a file line by line to a List of Strings. The file is always closed.
      *
      * @param file     the file to read, must not be {@code null}
      * @param charsetName the name of the requested charset, {@code null} means platform default
      * @return the list of Strings representing each line in the file, never {@code null}
      * @throws NullPointerException if file is {@code null}.
      * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs, including when the file does not exist, is a directory rather than a
      *         regular file, or for some other reason why the file cannot be opened for reading.
      * @throws java.nio.charset.UnsupportedCharsetException if the named charset is unavailable.
      * @since 1.1
      */
     public static List<String> readLines(final File file, final String charsetName) throws IOException {
         return readLines(file, Charsets.toCharset(charsetName));
     }
 
     private static void requireAbsent(final File file, final String name) throws FileExistsException {
         if (file.exists()) {
             throw new FileExistsException(String.format("File element in parameter '%s' already exists: '%s'", name, file));
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Throws IllegalArgumentException if the given files' canonical representations are equal.
      *
      * @param file1 The first file to compare.
      * @param file2 The second file to compare.
      * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the given files' canonical representations are equal.
      */
     private static void requireCanonicalPathsNotEquals(final File file1, final File file2) throws IOException {
         final String canonicalPath = file1.getCanonicalPath();
         if (canonicalPath.equals(file2.getCanonicalPath())) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException(String
                 .format("File canonical paths are equal: '%s' (file1='%s', file2='%s')", canonicalPath, file1, file2));
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Requires that the given {@link File} exists and is a directory.
      *
      * @param directory The {@link File} to check.
      * @param name The parameter name to use in the exception message in case of null input or if the file is not a directory.
      * @throws NullPointerException if the given {@link File} is {@code null}.
      * @throws FileNotFoundException if the given {@link File} does not exist
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the given {@link File} exists but is not a directory.
      */
     private static void requireDirectoryExists(final File directory, final String name) throws FileNotFoundException {
         Objects.requireNonNull(directory, name);
         if (!directory.isDirectory()) {
             if (directory.exists()) {
                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Parameter '" + name + "' is not a directory: '" + directory + "'");
             }
             throw new FileNotFoundException("Directory '" + directory + "' does not exist.");
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Requires that the given {@link File} is a directory if it exists.
      *
      * @param directory The {@link File} to check.
      * @param name The parameter name to use in the exception message in case of null input.
      * @throws NullPointerException if the given {@link File} is {@code null}.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the given {@link File} exists but is not a directory.
      */
     private static void requireDirectoryIfExists(final File directory, final String name) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(directory, name);
         if (directory.exists() && !directory.isDirectory()) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Parameter '" + name + "' is not a directory: '" + directory + "'");
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets file lastModifiedTime, lastAccessTime and creationTime to match source file
      *
      * @param sourceFile The source file to query.
      * @param targetFile The target file or directory to set.
      * @return {@code true} if and only if the operation succeeded;
      *          {@code false} otherwise
      * @throws NullPointerException if sourceFile is {@code null}.
      * @throws NullPointerException if targetFile is {@code null}.
      */
     private static boolean setTimes(final File sourceFile, final File targetFile) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(sourceFile, "sourceFile");
         Objects.requireNonNull(targetFile, "targetFile");
         try {
             // Set creation, modified, last accessed to match source file
             final BasicFileAttributes srcAttr = Files.readAttributes(sourceFile.toPath(), BasicFileAttributes.class);
             final BasicFileAttributeView destAttrView = Files.getFileAttributeView(targetFile.toPath(), BasicFileAttributeView.class);
             // null guards are not needed; BasicFileAttributes.setTimes(...) is null safe
             destAttrView.setTimes(srcAttr.lastModifiedTime(), srcAttr.lastAccessTime(), srcAttr.creationTime());
             return true;
         } catch (final IOException ignored) {
             // Fallback: Only set modified time to match source file
             return targetFile.setLastModified(sourceFile.lastModified());
         }
         // TODO: (Help!) Determine historically why setLastModified(File, File) needed PathUtils.setLastModifiedTime() if
         // sourceFile.isFile() was true, but needed setLastModifiedTime(File, long) if sourceFile.isFile() was false
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns the size of the specified file or directory. If the provided
      * {@link File} is a regular file, then the file's length is returned.
      * If the argument is a directory, then the size of the directory is
      * calculated recursively. If a directory or subdirectory is security
      * restricted, its size will not be included.
      * <p>
      * Note that overflow is not detected, and the return value may be negative if
      * overflow occurs. See {@link #sizeOfAsBigInteger(File)} for an alternative
      * method that does not overflow.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param file the regular file or directory to return the size
      *             of (must not be {@code null}).
      *
      * @return the length of the file, or recursive size of the directory,
      * provided (in bytes).
      *
      * @throws NullPointerException     if the file is {@code null}.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the file does not exist.
      * @throws UncheckedIOException if an IO error occurs.
      * @since 2.0
      */
     public static long sizeOf(final File file) {
         return Uncheck.getAsLong(() -> PathUtils.sizeOf(file.toPath()));
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns the size of the specified file or directory. If the provided
      * {@link File} is a regular file, then the file's length is returned.
      * If the argument is a directory, then the size of the directory is
      * calculated recursively. If a directory or subdirectory is security
      * restricted, its size will not be included.
      *
      * @param file the regular file or directory to return the size
      *             of (must not be {@code null}).
      *
      * @return the length of the file, or recursive size of the directory,
      * provided (in bytes).
      *
      * @throws NullPointerException     if the file is {@code null}.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the file does not exist.
      * @throws UncheckedIOException if an IO error occurs.
      * @since 2.4
      */
     public static BigInteger sizeOfAsBigInteger(final File file) {
         return Uncheck.get(() -> PathUtils.sizeOfAsBigInteger(file.toPath()));
     }
 
     /**
      * Counts the size of a directory recursively (sum of the length of all files).
      * <p>
      * Note that overflow is not detected, and the return value may be negative if
      * overflow occurs. See {@link #sizeOfDirectoryAsBigInteger(File)} for an alternative
      * method that does not overflow.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param directory directory to inspect, must not be {@code null}.
      * @return size of directory in bytes, 0 if directory is security restricted, a negative number when the real total
      * is greater than {@link Long#MAX_VALUE}.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the given {@link File} exists but is not a directory
      * @throws NullPointerException if the directory is {@code null}.
      * @throws UncheckedIOException if an IO error occurs.
      */
     public static long sizeOfDirectory(final File directory) {
         try {
             requireDirectoryExists(directory, "directory");
         } catch (final FileNotFoundException e) {
             throw new UncheckedIOException(e);
         }
         return Uncheck.getAsLong(() -> PathUtils.sizeOfDirectory(directory.toPath()));
     }
 
     /**
      * Counts the size of a directory recursively (sum of the length of all files).
      *
      * @param directory directory to inspect, must not be {@code null}.
      * @return size of directory in bytes, 0 if directory is security restricted.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the given {@link File} exists but is not a directory
      * @throws NullPointerException if the directory is {@code null}.
      * @throws UncheckedIOException if an IO error occurs.
      * @since 2.4
      */
     public static BigInteger sizeOfDirectoryAsBigInteger(final File directory) {
         try {
             requireDirectoryExists(directory, "directory");
         } catch (final FileNotFoundException e) {
             throw new UncheckedIOException(e);
         }
         return Uncheck.get(() -> PathUtils.sizeOfDirectoryAsBigInteger(directory.toPath()));
     }
 
     /**
      * Streams over the files in a given directory (and optionally its subdirectories) which match an array of extensions.
      * <p>
      * The returned {@link Stream} may wrap one or more {@link DirectoryStream}s. When you require timely disposal of file system resources, use a
      * {@code try}-with-resources block to ensure invocation of the stream's {@link Stream#close()} method after the stream operations are completed. Calling a
      * closed stream causes a {@link IllegalStateException}.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param directory  the directory to search in
      * @param recursive  if true all subdirectories are searched as well
      * @param extensions an array of extensions, for example, {"java","xml"}. If this parameter is {@code null}, all files are returned.
      * @return a Stream of {@link File} for matching files.
      * @throws IOException if an I/O error is thrown when accessing the starting file.
      * @since 2.9.0
      */
     public static Stream<File> streamFiles(final File directory, final boolean recursive, final String... extensions) throws IOException {
         // @formatter:off
         final IOFileFilter filter = extensions == null
             ? FileFileFilter.INSTANCE
             : FileFileFilter.INSTANCE.and(toSuffixFileFilter(extensions));
         // @formatter:on
         return PathUtils.walk(directory.toPath(), filter, toMaxDepth(recursive), false, FileVisitOption.FOLLOW_LINKS).map(Path::toFile);
     }
 
     /**
      * Converts from a {@link URL} to a {@link File}.
      * <p>
      * Syntax such as {@code file:///my%20docs/file.txt} will be
      * correctly decoded to {@code /my docs/file.txt}.
      * UTF-8 is used to decode percent-encoded octets to characters.
      * Additionally, malformed percent-encoded octets are handled leniently by
      * passing them through literally.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param url the file URL to convert, {@code null} returns {@code null}
      * @return the equivalent {@link File} object, or {@code null}
      * if the URL's protocol is not {@code file}
      */
     public static File toFile(final URL url) {
         if (url == null || !isFileProtocol(url)) {
             return null;
         }
         final String fileName = url.getFile().replace('/', File.separatorChar);
         return new File(decodeUrl(fileName));
     }
 
     /**
      * Converts each of an array of {@link URL} to a {@link File}.
      * <p>
      * Returns an array of the same size as the input.
      * If the input is {@code null}, an empty array is returned.
      * If the input contains {@code null}, the output array contains {@code null} at the same
      * index.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * This method will decode the URL.
      * Syntax such as {@code file:///my%20docs/file.txt} will be
      * correctly decoded to {@code /my docs/file.txt}.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param urls the file URLs to convert, {@code null} returns empty array
      * @return a non-{@code null} array of Files matching the input, with a {@code null} item
      * if there was a {@code null} at that index in the input array
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if any file is not a URL file
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if any file is incorrectly encoded
      * @since 1.1
      */
     public static File[] toFiles(final URL... urls) {
         if (IOUtils.length(urls) == 0) {
             return EMPTY_FILE_ARRAY;
         }
         final File[] files = new File[urls.length];
         for (int i = 0; i < urls.length; i++) {
             final URL url = urls[i];
             if (url != null) {
                 if (!isFileProtocol(url)) {
                     throw new IllegalArgumentException("Can only convert file URL to a File: " + url);
                 }
                 files[i] = toFile(url);
             }
         }
         return files;
     }
 
     /**
      * Consumes all of the given stream.
      * <p>
      * When called from a FileTreeWalker, the walker <em>closes</em> the stream because {@link FileTreeWalker#next()} calls {@code top.stream().close()}.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param stream The stream to consume.
      * @return a new List.
      */
     private static List<File> toList(final Stream<File> stream) {
         return stream.collect(Collectors.toList());
     }
 
     /**
      * Converts whether or not to recurse into a recursion max depth.
      *
      * @param recursive whether or not to recurse
      * @return the recursion depth
      */
     private static int toMaxDepth(final boolean recursive) {
         return recursive ? Integer.MAX_VALUE : 1;
     }
 
     /**
      * Converts an array of file extensions to suffixes.
      *
      * @param extensions an array of extensions. Format: {"java", "xml"}
      * @return an array of suffixes. Format: {".java", ".xml"}
      * @throws NullPointerException if the parameter is null
      */
     private static String[] toSuffixes(final String... extensions) {
         return Stream.of(Objects.requireNonNull(extensions, "extensions")).map(s -> s.charAt(0) == '.' ? s : "." + s).toArray(String[]::new);
     }
 
     private static SuffixFileFilter toSuffixFileFilter(final String... extensions) {
         return new SuffixFileFilter(toSuffixes(extensions));
     }
 
     /**
      * Implements behavior similar to the Unix "touch" utility. Creates a new file with size 0, or, if the file exists, just
      * updates the file's modified time. This method throws an IOException if the last modified date
      * of the file cannot be set. It creates parent directories if they do not exist.
      *
      * @param file the File to touch.
      * @throws NullPointerException if the parameter is {@code null}.
      * @throws IOException if setting the last-modified time failed or an I/O problem occurs.
      */
     public static void touch(final File file) throws IOException {
         PathUtils.touch(Objects.requireNonNull(file, PROTOCOL_FILE).toPath());
     }
 
     /**
      * Converts each element of an array of {@link File} to a {@link URL}.
      * <p>
      * Returns an array of the same size as the input.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param files the files to convert, must not be {@code null}
      * @return an array of URLs matching the input
      * @throws IOException          if a file cannot be converted
      * @throws NullPointerException if any argument is null
      */
     public static URL[] toURLs(final File... files) throws IOException {
         Objects.requireNonNull(files, "files");
         final URL[] urls = new URL[files.length];
         for (int i = 0; i < urls.length; i++) {
             urls[i] = files[i].toURI().toURL();
         }
         return urls;
     }
 
     /**
      * Validates the given arguments.
      * <ul>
      * <li>Throws {@link NullPointerException} if {@code source} is null</li>
      * <li>Throws {@link NullPointerException} if {@code destination} is null</li>
      * <li>Throws {@link FileNotFoundException} if {@code source} does not exist</li>
      * </ul>
      *
      * @param source      the file or directory to be moved.
      * @param destination the destination file or directory.
      * @throws NullPointerException if any of the given {@link File}s are {@code null}.
      * @throws FileNotFoundException if the source file does not exist.
      */
     private static void validateMoveParameters(final File source, final File destination) throws FileNotFoundException {
         Objects.requireNonNull(source, "source");
         Objects.requireNonNull(destination, "destination");
         if (!source.exists()) {
             throw new FileNotFoundException("Source '" + source + "' does not exist");
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Waits for the file system to detect a file's presence, with a timeout.
      * <p>
      * This method repeatedly tests {@link Files#exists(Path, LinkOption...)} until it returns
      * true up to the maximum time specified in seconds.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param file    the file to check, must not be {@code null}
      * @param seconds the maximum time in seconds to wait
      * @return true if file exists
      * @throws NullPointerException if the file is {@code null}
      */
     public static boolean waitFor(final File file, final int seconds) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(file, PROTOCOL_FILE);
         return PathUtils.waitFor(file.toPath(), Duration.ofSeconds(seconds), PathUtils.EMPTY_LINK_OPTION_ARRAY);
     }
 
     /**
      * Writes a CharSequence to a file creating the file if it does not exist using the virtual machine's {@link Charset#defaultCharset() default charset}.
      *
      * @param file the file to write
      * @param data the content to write to the file
      * @throws IOException in case of an I/O error
      * @since 2.0
      * @deprecated Use {@link #write(File, CharSequence, Charset)} instead (and specify the appropriate encoding)
      */
     @Deprecated
     public static void write(final File file, final CharSequence data) throws IOException {
         write(file, data, Charset.defaultCharset(), false);
     }
 
     /**
      * Writes a CharSequence to a file creating the file if it does not exist using the virtual machine's {@link Charset#defaultCharset() default charset}.
      *
      * @param file   the file to write
      * @param data   the content to write to the file
      * @param append if {@code true}, then the data will be added to the end of the file rather than overwriting
      * @throws IOException in case of an I/O error
      * @since 2.1
      * @deprecated Use {@link #write(File, CharSequence, Charset, boolean)} instead (and specify the appropriate encoding)
      */
     @Deprecated
     public static void write(final File file, final CharSequence data, final boolean append) throws IOException {
         write(file, data, Charset.defaultCharset(), append);
     }
 
     /**
      * Writes a CharSequence to a file creating the file if it does not exist.
      *
      * @param file     the file to write
      * @param data     the content to write to the file
      * @param charset the name of the requested charset, {@code null} means platform default
      * @throws IOException in case of an I/O error
      * @since 2.3
      */
     public static void write(final File file, final CharSequence data, final Charset charset) throws IOException {
         write(file, data, charset, false);
     }
 
     /**
      * Writes a CharSequence to a file creating the file if it does not exist.
      *
      * @param file     the file to write
      * @param data     the content to write to the file
      * @param charset the charset to use, {@code null} means platform default
      * @param append   if {@code true}, then the data will be added to the
      *                 end of the file rather than overwriting
      * @throws IOException in case of an I/O error
      * @since 2.3
      */
     public static void write(final File file, final CharSequence data, final Charset charset, final boolean append) throws IOException {
         writeStringToFile(file, Objects.toString(data, null), charset, append);
     }
 
     /**
      * Writes a CharSequence to a file creating the file if it does not exist.
      *
      * @param file     the file to write
      * @param data     the content to write to the file
      * @param charsetName the name of the requested charset, {@code null} means platform default
      * @throws IOException                          in case of an I/O error
      * @throws java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException if the encoding is not supported by the VM
      * @since 2.0
      */
     public static void write(final File file, final CharSequence data, final String charsetName) throws IOException {
         write(file, data, charsetName, false);
     }
 
     /**
      * Writes a CharSequence to a file creating the file if it does not exist.
      *
      * @param file     the file to write
      * @param data     the content to write to the file
      * @param charsetName the name of the requested charset, {@code null} means platform default
      * @param append   if {@code true}, then the data will be added to the
      *                 end of the file rather than overwriting
      * @throws IOException                 in case of an I/O error
      * @throws java.nio.charset.UnsupportedCharsetException if the encoding is not supported by the VM
      * @since 2.1
      */
     public static void write(final File file, final CharSequence data, final String charsetName, final boolean append) throws IOException {
         write(file, data, Charsets.toCharset(charsetName), append);
     }
 
     // Must be called with a directory
 
     /**
      * Writes a byte array to a file creating the file if it does not exist.
      * The parent directories of the file will be created if they do not exist.
      *
      * @param file the file to write to
      * @param data the content to write to the file
      * @throws IOException in case of an I/O error
      * @since 1.1
      */
     public static void writeByteArrayToFile(final File file, final byte[] data) throws IOException {
         writeByteArrayToFile(file, data, false);
     }
 
     /**
      * Writes a byte array to a file creating the file if it does not exist.
      *
      * @param file   the file to write to
      * @param data   the content to write to the file
      * @param append if {@code true}, then bytes will be added to the
      *               end of the file rather than overwriting
      * @throws IOException in case of an I/O error
      * @since 2.1
      */
     public static void writeByteArrayToFile(final File file, final byte[] data, final boolean append) throws IOException {
         writeByteArrayToFile(file, data, 0, data.length, append);
     }
 
     /**
      * Writes {@code len} bytes from the specified byte array starting
      * at offset {@code off} to a file, creating the file if it does
      * not exist.
      *
      * @param file the file to write to
      * @param data the content to write to the file
      * @param off  the start offset in the data
      * @param len  the number of bytes to write
      * @throws IOException in case of an I/O error
      * @since 2.5
      */
     public static void writeByteArrayToFile(final File file, final byte[] data, final int off, final int len) throws IOException {
         writeByteArrayToFile(file, data, off, len, false);
     }
 
     /**
      * Writes {@code len} bytes from the specified byte array starting
      * at offset {@code off} to a file, creating the file if it does
      * not exist.
      *
      * @param file   the file to write to
      * @param data   the content to write to the file
      * @param off    the start offset in the data
      * @param len    the number of bytes to write
      * @param append if {@code true}, then bytes will be added to the
      *               end of the file rather than overwriting
      * @throws IOException in case of an I/O error
      * @since 2.5
      */
     public static void writeByteArrayToFile(final File file, final byte[] data, final int off, final int len, final boolean append) throws IOException {
         try (OutputStream out = newOutputStream(file, append)) {
             out.write(data, off, len);
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Writes the {@code toString()} value of each item in a collection to
      * the specified {@link File} line by line.
      * The default VM encoding and the default line ending will be used.
      *
      * @param file  the file to write to
      * @param lines the lines to write, {@code null} entries produce blank lines
      * @throws IOException in case of an I/O error
      * @since 1.3
      */
     public static void writeLines(final File file, final Collection<?> lines) throws IOException {
         writeLines(file, null, lines, null, false);
     }
 
     /**
      * Writes the {@code toString()} value of each item in a collection to
      * the specified {@link File} line by line.
      * The default VM encoding and the default line ending will be used.
      *
      * @param file   the file to write to
      * @param lines  the lines to write, {@code null} entries produce blank lines
      * @param append if {@code true}, then the lines will be added to the
      *               end of the file rather than overwriting
      * @throws IOException in case of an I/O error
      * @since 2.1
      */
     public static void writeLines(final File file, final Collection<?> lines, final boolean append) throws IOException {
         writeLines(file, null, lines, null, append);
     }
 
     /**
      * Writes the {@code toString()} value of each item in a collection to
      * the specified {@link File} line by line.
      * The default VM encoding and the specified line ending will be used.
      *
      * @param file       the file to write to
      * @param lines      the lines to write, {@code null} entries produce blank lines
      * @param lineEnding the line separator to use, {@code null} is system default
      * @throws IOException in case of an I/O error
      * @since 1.3
      */
     public static void writeLines(final File file, final Collection<?> lines, final String lineEnding) throws IOException {
         writeLines(file, null, lines, lineEnding, false);
     }
 
     /**
      * Writes the {@code toString()} value of each item in a collection to
      * the specified {@link File} line by line.
      * The default VM encoding and the specified line ending will be used.
      *
      * @param file       the file to write to
      * @param lines      the lines to write, {@code null} entries produce blank lines
      * @param lineEnding the line separator to use, {@code null} is system default
      * @param append     if {@code true}, then the lines will be added to the
      *                   end of the file rather than overwriting
      * @throws IOException in case of an I/O error
      * @since 2.1
      */
     public static void writeLines(final File file, final Collection<?> lines, final String lineEnding, final boolean append) throws IOException {
         writeLines(file, null, lines, lineEnding, append);
     }
 
     /**
      * Writes the {@code toString()} value of each item in a collection to
      * the specified {@link File} line by line.
      * The specified character encoding and the default line ending will be used.
      * The parent directories of the file will be created if they do not exist.
      *
      * @param file     the file to write to
      * @param charsetName the name of the requested charset, {@code null} means platform default
      * @param lines    the lines to write, {@code null} entries produce blank lines
      * @throws IOException                          in case of an I/O error
      * @throws java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException if the encoding is not supported by the VM
      * @since 1.1
      */
     public static void writeLines(final File file, final String charsetName, final Collection<?> lines) throws IOException {
         writeLines(file, charsetName, lines, null, false);
     }
 
     /**
      * Writes the {@code toString()} value of each item in a collection to
      * the specified {@link File} line by line, optionally appending.
      * The specified character encoding and the default line ending will be used.
      *
      * @param file     the file to write to
      * @param charsetName the name of the requested charset, {@code null} means platform default
      * @param lines    the lines to write, {@code null} entries produce blank lines
      * @param append   if {@code true}, then the lines will be added to the
      *                 end of the file rather than overwriting
      * @throws IOException                          in case of an I/O error
      * @throws java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException if the encoding is not supported by the VM
      * @since 2.1
      */
     public static void writeLines(final File file, final String charsetName, final Collection<?> lines, final boolean append) throws IOException {
         writeLines(file, charsetName, lines, null, append);
     }
 
     /**
      * Writes the {@code toString()} value of each item in a collection to
      * the specified {@link File} line by line.
      * The specified character encoding and the line ending will be used.
      * The parent directories of the file will be created if they do not exist.
      *
      * @param file       the file to write to
      * @param charsetName   the name of the requested charset, {@code null} means platform default
      * @param lines      the lines to write, {@code null} entries produce blank lines
      * @param lineEnding the line separator to use, {@code null} is system default
      * @throws IOException                          in case of an I/O error
      * @throws java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException if the encoding is not supported by the VM
      * @since 1.1
      */
     public static void writeLines(final File file, final String charsetName, final Collection<?> lines, final String lineEnding) throws IOException {
         writeLines(file, charsetName, lines, lineEnding, false);
     }
 
     /**
      * Writes the {@code toString()} value of each item in a collection to
      * the specified {@link File} line by line.
      * The specified character encoding and the line ending will be used.
      *
      * @param file       the file to write to
      * @param charsetName   the name of the requested charset, {@code null} means platform default
      * @param lines      the lines to write, {@code null} entries produce blank lines
      * @param lineEnding the line separator to use, {@code null} is system default
      * @param append     if {@code true}, then the lines will be added to the
      *                   end of the file rather than overwriting
      * @throws IOException                          in case of an I/O error
      * @throws java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException if the encoding is not supported by the VM
      * @since 2.1
      */
     public static void writeLines(final File file, final String charsetName, final Collection<?> lines, final String lineEnding, final boolean append)
         throws IOException {
         try (OutputStream out = new BufferedOutputStream(newOutputStream(file, append))) {
             IOUtils.writeLines(lines, lineEnding, out, charsetName);
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Writes a String to a file creating the file if it does not exist using the virtual machine's {@link Charset#defaultCharset() default charset}.
      *
      * @param file the file to write
      * @param data the content to write to the file
      * @throws IOException in case of an I/O error
      * @deprecated Use {@link #writeStringToFile(File, String, Charset)} instead (and specify the appropriate encoding)
      */
     @Deprecated
     public static void writeStringToFile(final File file, final String data) throws IOException {
         writeStringToFile(file, data, Charset.defaultCharset(), false);
     }
 
     /**
      * Writes a String to a file creating the file if it does not exist using the virtual machine's {@link Charset#defaultCharset() default charset}.
      *
      * @param file   the file to write
      * @param data   the content to write to the file
      * @param append if {@code true}, then the String will be added to the end of the file rather than overwriting
      * @throws IOException in case of an I/O error
      * @since 2.1
      * @deprecated Use {@link #writeStringToFile(File, String, Charset, boolean)} instead (and specify the appropriate encoding)
      */
     @Deprecated
     public static void writeStringToFile(final File file, final String data, final boolean append) throws IOException {
         writeStringToFile(file, data, Charset.defaultCharset(), append);
     }
 
     /**
      * Writes a String to a file creating the file if it does not exist.
      * The parent directories of the file will be created if they do not exist.
      *
      * @param file     the file to write
      * @param data     the content to write to the file
      * @param charset the charset to use, {@code null} means platform default
      * @throws IOException                          in case of an I/O error
      * @throws java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException if the encoding is not supported by the VM
      * @since 2.4
      */
     public static void writeStringToFile(final File file, final String data, final Charset charset) throws IOException {
         writeStringToFile(file, data, charset, false);
     }
 
     /**
      * Writes a String to a file, creating the file if it does not exist.
      * The parent directories of the file are created if they do not exist.
      *
      * @param file     the file to write
      * @param data     the content to write to the file
      * @param charset the charset to use, {@code null} means platform default
      * @param append   if {@code true}, then the String will be added to the
      *                 end of the file rather than overwriting
      * @throws IOException in case of an I/O error
      * @since 2.3
      */
     public static void writeStringToFile(final File file, final String data, final Charset charset, final boolean append) throws IOException {
         try (OutputStream out = newOutputStream(file, append)) {
             IOUtils.write(data, out, charset);
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Writes a String to a file, creating the file if it does not exist.
      * The parent directories of the file are created if they do not exist.
      *
      * @param file     the file to write
      * @param data     the content to write to the file
      * @param charsetName the name of the requested charset, {@code null} means platform default
      * @throws IOException                          in case of an I/O error
      * @throws java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException if the encoding is not supported by the VM
      */
     public static void writeStringToFile(final File file, final String data, final String charsetName) throws IOException {
         writeStringToFile(file, data, charsetName, false);
     }
 
     /**
      * Writes a String to a file, creating the file if it does not exist.
      * The parent directories of the file are created if they do not exist.
      *
      * @param file     the file to write
      * @param data     the content to write to the file
      * @param charsetName the name of the requested charset, {@code null} means platform default
      * @param append   if {@code true}, then the String will be added to the
      *                 end of the file rather than overwriting
      * @throws IOException                 in case of an I/O error
      * @throws java.nio.charset.UnsupportedCharsetException if the encoding is not supported by the VM
      * @since 2.1
      */
     public static void writeStringToFile(final File file, final String data, final String charsetName, final boolean append) throws IOException {
         writeStringToFile(file, data, Charsets.toCharset(charsetName), append);
     }
 
     /**
      * Instances should NOT be constructed in standard programming.
      *
      * @deprecated TODO Make private in 3.0.
      */
     @Deprecated
     public FileUtils() { //NOSONAR
         // empty
     }
 
 }